OPTIMU NETWORKS FOR HEAT EXCHANGE

\\
by
Edward Charles Hohmann, Jr.
11
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Dgree
DCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(Chemical Engineering)
June 1971
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This dissertation, written by
----------g-9 .. _;_*- . .!M..!. .... ..-----
under the direction of h.i.s ... Dissertation Com
mittee, and approved by all its members, has
been presented to and accepted by The Gradu
ate School, in partial fulfllment of require
ments of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Date ..... .. . Yn ___:7J ........... .
ACKOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my gratitude to all the people
who have helped me in the completion of this dissertation .
'
I am especially indebted to Dr. F . J. Lockhart, who has
given so freely of his time during the course of the
research. The other committee members. Dr. C. U. Rebert
and Dr. L. L. Handy have also been very helpful
Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the
financial help from Gillette-Paper Mate Company during the
'
period 1969-71. Computing services provided by the
Systems Simulation Laboratory at the University of
Southern California are also gratefully acknowledged.
I wish to express special thanks to Mrs. Ruth
Toyama who has been extremely helpful in many ways, and
especially in completing the final typed draft in record
time.
Finally, I am deeply grateful to my wife, Lotte,
who has been very helpful and encouraging through the
course of this research .
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
v
vii
7
NOMENCLATURE
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER
I.

xiii
INTRODUCTION
II. ELEMENTS OF HAT EXCHANGE NETWORKS
1
7
8 A. Heat Exchangers .
B. Utilities for Heating
c. Utilities for Cooling
D. Interconnections
. .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .
III. ANALYSIS OF STREAM SYSTEMS
18
21
24
26
IV.
A. System Selection and Classification 26
B. System Feasibility 32
c. Minimum Heat Exchange Area Networks 38
D. Minimum Temperature of Approach 48
E. Quasi-Minimum Number of Heat Exchangers
DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGE NETWORKS
A. Synthesizing Network Designs
B.
c.
Optimizing Network Designs
Overall Strategy
iii
50
55
56
60
64
Page
V. CASE STUDIES IN NETWORK DESIGN 67
A. Type D System of Four Process Streams 67
B. Type C System of Six Process Streams 7 2
c. Type D System of S ix Process Streams 84
VI. HEAT EXCHANGE NETWORKS IN OPERATION
A. Steady-State Response to Temperature
Changes . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Steady-State Response to Capacity Rate
Changes . . . . . . . . .
c. Time varying Responses . . . .
VII. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDICES
A. Glossary . . . . .
B. An Annotated Bibliography on Heat Exchange
93
93
100
102
105
106
108
109
Networks 117
c. Supporting Reasoning for Feasible Solution
Space Bounding Algor ithms 122
D. Automation of Heat Exchange Network
Calculations
iv
128
Table
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
LIST OF TABLES
DATA FOR SIMPLIFIED THREE STREA EXMPLE .
FEASIBILITY TABLE FOR THEE STREAM EXMPLE
CASE 2 WITH
O
min
20 F
o
. . . . . . . .
FEASIBILITY TABLE FOR THREE STREAM EXAMPLE
CASE 4 WITH
Omin
20 FO . . . . . . . .
FEASIBILITY TABLE FOR THREE STREA EXPLE
CASE 4 WITH
Omin
10
MINIMU AEA TABLE FOR
CASE 1 . . . . . .
MINIMU AREA TABLE FOR
CASE 2 . . . .
MINIM AREA TABLE FOR
CASE 3 . . . . . .
F
o
. . . . . . . . .
THREE STREAM EXPLE
. . . . . . .
THREE STREAM EXAPLE
. . . . . . . .
THREE STREAM EXAPLE
. . . . . . . . . .
DATA FOR STREAM CONTENTION EXAPLE . . . .
IX MINIMU AREA TABLE CONSIDERING STREAM
. .
. .
. .
. .
CONTENTION . . . .
X MINIM AREA TABLE CONSIDERING ONLY
TEMPERATURE CONTENTION
XI T NBER OF HEAT EXCHANGERS IN VARIOUS
Page
33
34
37
37
42
42
42
45
46
47
NETWORKS FOR A SEVEN STREAM SYTEM 52
XII DATA FOR HEAT LOAD LOOP EXAPLE 61
XIII DATA FOR TYPE D SYTEM OF FOUR PROCESS STREAMS 68
XIV DTA FOR TYPE C SYSTEM OF SIX PROCESS STREAS 76
XV DATA FOR TYE D SYSTEM OF SIX PROCESS STREAMS 85
XI TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY FACTORS FOR NETWORK
XII
SHOWN IN FIGURE 19 98
EXAMPLE CALCULATION USING TEMPERATURE
SENSITIVITY FACTORS 99
v
Table Page
XIII RATE SENSITIVITY OF NETWORK SHOWN IN
FIGURE 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
XIX EXMPLE CALCULTION USING RATE SENSITIVITY 103
D-I EXCUTIVE COPUTER PROGRAM . . . . . . 132
D-II SUBROUTINE PSDATA . . . . . . . . . . . 133
D-III SUBROUTINE DELTA . . . . . . . . 136
D-IV SUBROUTINE BALNCE . . . . . . . . 137
D-V SUBROUTINE RANGE . . . . . . . . 138
D-VI SUBROUTINE MINUTY . . . . . . . . . . . 139
D-VII SUBROUTINE AIN . . . . . . . 143
D-VIII SUBROUTIN CONIG . . . . . . . . 147
D-IX SUBROUTINE PATH . . . . . . . . 152
D-X SUBROUTINE EXCHNG . . . . . . . . . . . 155
D-XI SUBROUTINE DIVIDE . . . . . . . . 158
D-XII SUBROUTINE SU . . . . . . . . . 160
D-XIII SUBROUTINE SENSIT . . . . . . . . . 162
D-XIV SUBROUTINE NTUCAL . . . . . . . . 166
D-X COMPUTER CALCULATIONS FOR TYE D FOUR
PROCESS STREAM EXAPLE . . . . . . . . . . . 168
D-XVI ONBH CACUTIONS OB TYPE C SIX
PROCESS STREA EXMPLE . . . . . . . . . . 173
D-XVII COMPUTER CALCULATIONS FOR TYPE D SIX
PROCESS STRE EXAPLE . . . . . . . . . . . 181
vi
Figure
!A
lB
lC
lD
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
LIST OF FIGURES
Networks for a Single Process Stream, Type A
Stream System
Networks for One Source and One Sink Process
Stream, Type B Stream System
A Possible Network for One Source and Several
Sink Process Streams or One Sink and Several
Source Process Streams, Type C Stream System
A Possible Network for Several Source and
Several Sink Process Streams, Type D System
Temperature Ranges for Three Stream Example
Case 2
Lack of Temperature Contention in Three
Stream Example Case 1
Range of Temperature Contention in Three
Stream Example case 3
Stream Contention Exaple . . .
Minimu Area Network Considering Strea
Contention
Minimum Area Network Considering Only
Temperature Contention
Enthalpy Diagram Synthesis Alternate A
Enthalpy Diagram Synthesis Alternate B
Some Networks for the Three Stream Example
Network with a Heat Load Loop . . . . .
Effect of Heat Load Distribution on Network
Area . . .
Design of Networks for Heat Exchange
vii
Page
28
28
2 9
29
3 4
40
40
45
46
47
58
58
5 9
61
61
65
Figure
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2 1
Feasible Network Space for Type D System
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of Minimum Temperature of Approach on
Costs for Type D System Example
Enthalpy Diagra for Type D System Example
Network Synthesis Using Enthalpy Diagram of
Type D System Example
Network After Lee , et al . . . . . . .
Network Synthes ized Using the Enthalpy
Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enthalpy Diagram for Type C System Example
Network After Westbrook . . . . . .
22 Feasible Network Space for Type C System
2 3
24
2 5
26
2 7
28
29
30
A-1
A-2
Example
Network Synthesis with Crude Stream Divided
into Four Branches
Network Synthesized Using Enthalpy Diagram
Enthalpy Diagra for Six Process Stream
Type D System Example
Feasible Network Space for Six Process Stream
Type D System Example .
Network After Lee, et al. . . . . . . . .
Network Synthesized Using the Enthalpy
Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Five Exchanger Network Possible with Modified
System Restrictions .
Temperature Deviations in a Network
A Typical Two-way Stream Split . . . . .
A Typical Stream Heat Load Split . . . . . .
vi ii
Page
7 0
7 1
73
74
7 5
75
78
79
80
82
83
86
87
89
90
92
96
111
111
Figure
A-3
c-1
C-2
c-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
To Heat Load Loops
Counter-Current Heat Tansfer . . .
Three Stream Counter-Current Heat Transfer
Three Stream System with Temperature
Contention
Minimum Area Network
A Stream System Wich Requires Heat
Exchangers in Series
A Stream System Wich Requires Heat
Exchangers in Parallel
i
x
. . . . .
. . . . .
Page
114
123
123
124
125
126
126
NOMENCLTRE
Many of the terms and phrases used in this disserta-
tion have been given special meanings when applied to beat
exchange networks. This bas been necessary since there is
presently no specific vocabulary to describe some of the
concepts developed. Some of these terms have been desig-
nated by symbols and appear in the Nomenclature; however,
a fuller explanation of all the terms appears in a
Glossary (Appendix I).
a, b,c

Aotal
e
E
-
E
- heat exchanger cost parameters.
- beat transfer area of beat exchanger k.
- total heat transfer area of a given beat
exchange network.
- minimum beat transfer area required for a
given stream system.
- stream i capacity rate, WC
p
.
- stream beat capacity.
- heat exchanger cost.
- efficiency of an individual exchanger
.
- actual number of exchangers in a given
network.
- quasi-minimum number of exchangers for a
given stream system, E " M+N-1.
7
M
N
0
sources
. k sn s
R
t

- minimum number of exchangers required to
construct a heat exchange network for a
given stream system.
- number of exchangers required for a network
with the minimum total heat transfer area,
A*.
coefficients in the temperature deviation
equation for source streams.
- coefficients in the temperature deviation
equation for sink streams.
number of source streams in a given stream
system, including utility streams .
- number of sink streams in a given stream
system, including utility streams.
- number of transfer units in a given ex
changer .
- heat transferred in exchanger k.
- total heat transferred by stream i in a
given network, negative for sources and
positive for sinks.
- total heat loss by source streams in a
given stream system .
- total heat gained by sink streams in a
given stream system.
- ratio of source and sink stream capacity
rates formed so that it is always less than
or equal to 1 . 0.
the internal network temperature occurring
at point i .
xi
T
output
e
A
9

ij
source
sink
i, j,k
- the deviation from the design value for the
temperature at point i,
f " t
actual
- t
design
- input temperature of a given stream to a
heat exchange network.
- outlet temperature of a given stream from a
heat exchange network.
- deviation of a stream's temperature from the
design value,

"
T
design
-
T
actual
- overall heat transfer coefficient for
streams i and j.
- weight rate of stream i.
- temperature difference at any point in an
exchanger, t
source
- t
sink
- smallest minimm temperature of approach for
any exchanger in a given network.
- smallest minimum temperature of approach for
any exchanger in a minimum area network.
- log mean temperature difference based on
e
inlet
and
9
outlet
potential heat flux between source stream i
and sink stream j,
ij
" (US)
ij

SUBSCRIPTS
- a heat source or hot stream.
- a heat sink or cold stream.
- designate given streams or points in a
network.
xii
ABSTRACT
Economic operation of moern chemical processes re
quires that the parts of the process with excess heat be
coupled to those that require heat. Tis thermal coupling
is accomplished through the use of heat exchangers. The
heat exchangers, heaters, and coolers in modern plants form
highly integrated and complex networks.
The cost of such heat exchange networks depends not
only on the pairing and sequencing of streams exchanging
heat, but also on the amounts of supplemental heating and
cooling used. Operating costs are primarily a function of
supplemental utilities, while initial costs depend on total
heat transfer area and the number of heat exchangers. Area
decreases with increased utilities and so economic network
design involves an optimization. To complicate the problem
further, a very large numer of networks are possible if
more than three or four process streams are considered.
Thus, the ungided synthesis and comparison of network
designs in search of the best ones is a virtually impos
sible task.
Tis research has studied the variables associated
xiii
with heat exchange networks so as to develop a practical
network design method. The research has shown that there
exists a " j uxta-optimum r egion" in which different designs
cannot be distinguished on a cost basis, because of data
uncertainties and intangibles. Bounds on this region can
be calculated and an " economic optimum . . network design is
one which lies within this j uxta-optimum r egion .
Utilizing some of the thermodynamic aspects of the
problem it is possible to calculate bounds for network de
signs
.
First , a method has been developed for determining
the minimum amount and temperature level of utility
streams required. Secondly, it is possible to calculate
the minimum total heat transfer area r equired for given
process and uti lity streams. The procedure for this is
simple and it can be done quickly with the computer pro
gr ams developed . Tirdly, the minimum number of heat ex
changer s required for a network can be determined. With
these bounds and other information available from the cal
culation procedures, a good knowledge of the solution space
can be quickly obtained. If cost data are available , the
optimum temperature of approach and optimum utility r ates
can be determined. Also , the goodness of different
xiv
network designs can be deermined by comparison to ideal
limits in addition to comparison to each other .
To conclude the research, several methods of net
work synthesis were explored and the best parts of each
amplified. Methods were also developed to improve given
network designs and to predict the effect of stream
changes on network operation. Numerical examples are used
to illustrate the design and operation of economic optimm
networks.
7U
CHATER I
INTRODUCTION
In a modern petroleum refinery or chemical plant, a
large fraction of both the initial capital investment and
the continuing operating cost can be attributed to the
supply and removal of heat . To reduce utility costs,
process designers make use of heat exchange between the
hot and cold process streams in addition to heating and
cooling by utilities . The resulting groups of heat ex
changers, coolers, heaters, reboilers, condensers and/or
furnaces are simply called heat exchange networks. With
reduced utility reqirements such networks usually reduce
total costs, particularly in today's world where both
sources and sinks for process heat are becoming increasing
ly expensive .
Hoever, heat exchange networks themselves are ex
pensive and Kesler (9 ) reports that the cost of facilities
to accomplish the required heat exchange between the hot
and cold media in a plant can often amount to one third of
the total plant cost. For systems that represent such a
large fraction of the total plant cost, it would appear to
1
be rewarding to develop the best designs. Such is the
case, since considerable cost differences can result in
network designs depending on the pairing and sequencing
of the streams exchanging heat.
2
Te technical literature contains informative
articles on design and optimization of individual heat ex
changers, but there is little practical information on de
sign or optimization of networks for heat exchange. Te
literature that is available has been grouped in an anno
tated bibliography (Appendix E).
Tis dissertation divides the problem of heat ex
change network design into a number of parts for analysis:
(a) structuring the network, i.e. to synthesize a
feasible heat exchange network:
(b) optimizing the network, i.e. to minimize over
all cost of the network design selected, within
the constraints and restrictions given:
(c) determine the design sensitivity of the net
work, i.e. to find the relative status of the
selected network as compared to ideal or
limiting designs:
(d) determine the operational sensitivity of the
network, i.e. to find ho changes in input
variables affect outpts for a given fixed
network.
3
The structuring or synthesis of a network (Part (a)
of the process design problem) is very difficult in all
but the most simple cases. Tis is a direct result of the
astonishing number of technically possible networks if
more than three or four process streams are considered.
Recently, several authors have tried to formulate the net
work synthesis problem so that it could be solved by opera
tions research techniqes. Hoever, these formlations
and their associated solutions are not very helpful to the
process design engineer for two reasons. First, the
methods do not really synthesize networks but merely
search possible networks described by a mathematical al
gorithm of one form or another. To effect a solution with
these models, it is necessary to restrict the possible
number of network forms in some way. Hence, the models do
not consider all the options open to the design engineer.
In fact, the models may produce some good designs but any
of the published synthesis algorithms will always produce
many very poor designs that must be considered by the
4
optimization technique as well. Herein lies the second
difficulty for the process engineer. The solution tech
niques are time consuming, even though done on high speed
digital computers.
Te second part of the process design problem {b)
can only be attempted after the network has been struc
tured. This problem is more conventional and techniques
such as dynamic programing have been used to optimize
given networks. Hoever, the computing cost for these
techniques is also usually ite high.
Part (c) of the process design problem provides the
real clue to an economic optimm process design. With
heat exchange networks, like many process engineering sys
tems, the region near the optimum is ite flat with res
pect to most of the design variables. Hence, there is a
region around the optimum, which because of data uncertain
ties and intangibles is as good as the optimum for design
purposes. Actually, any attempt to refine a design beyond
this near or juxta-optimum region is not justified because
the mathematical model used in the optimization simply
does not describe the real system any more accurately.
Design engineers recognize this and frequently incorrectly
5
refer to any point within this juxta-optimm region as
"the optimum . " Te author has developed several computer
aided techniques for finding this juxta-optimum region for
heat exchange networks. Tese techniques are flexible and
may be used at each step of the design process to obtain
the juxta-optimm to the accuracy permitted by data and
time limitations.
Realistically, the actual design of a chemical
plant or a petroleum refinery unit proceeds in several
steps and so mst the design of an associated heat exchange
network. In the initial or conceptual step the engineer
formulates possible designs. From among these he selects
the plausible alternatives" and then proceeds with a
rough process and econoic analysis. Selecting the two or
three designs that appear best, the engineer or associated
engineering groups obtain more detailed physical data and
proceed to select the one design to be engineered. " A
detailed engineering design is then developed for the
process. Te detailed design can subseqently be "opti
mized, " but the largest chance for substantial process
imrovement is in the initial formulation of plausible
alternatives. For this reason, this dissertation
emphasizes the inital design of heat exchange networks.
Te last part of the network design problem con
sidered is not often included in optimization studies.
That is, how does the unit respond to transients and/or
steady-state process changes? Te "operability" of a
process can be of great importance in its start-up and
economic operation. Operability should be considered
during initial design stages and not left as a problem to
be solved later. Te author has made a study of the ef
fect of process changes on heat exchange networks and has
developed sme general criteria which should aid the
design engineer.
6
CHAPTER II
ELEMENTS OF HEAT EXCHANGE NETORKS
To facilitate study, heat exchange networks are
considered to be coposed of individual building blocks
or elements which operate on the network process streams.
Tese elements have been grouped into four basic types and
each type is discussed in a section of this chapter. Te
individual elemnt types have been studied extensively
in the literature but are reviewed here to sumarize their
most important characteristics. In a network the elements
do not operate independently but the performance of each
element is strongly dependent on its neighbors and their
arrangement in the network. For this reason, conventional
optimization of individual units will not necessarily lead
to an overall optimum.
Following the strategy outlined in the Introduction,
emphasis will be placed on design, operating and cost con
siderations in the initial project stages. At this point
the design is most flexible but the component and stream
data are most sketchy. After the design is fixed and
stream characteristics are accurately knL, conventional
7
8
detailed techniques can be used to finalize the best design
for each element. However , it should be noted that the
des ign latitude is not very great in the final proj ect
engineer ing stages .
A. Heat Exchanger s
General Description
Heat exchangers are a unique group of network ele
ments s ince they may be described as the nodes of the net
work and the only place within a network where heat trans
fer is considered to take place. A heat exchanger may be
broadly defined as an apparatus in which one fluid trans
mits heat to another fluid. However, most frequently in
chemical plants it is r equired that the fluids exchanging
heat do not mix and so the term heat exchanger wil l be
used in thi s dissertation to refer to an apparatus involv
ing heat trans fer through a conducting wall only.
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is currently the
most popular type in the process industr ies . In its
s implest form the des ign can be l ikened to two concentric
tubes with one fluid flowing inside the inner tube and
the other flowing in the annular space between the tubes .
9
In practice, the first fluid flos through a bundle of
tubes while the second fluid flos on the outside of the
tube bundle and is contained by an outer shell. Actually,
many variations of the basic shell-and-tube design are
utilized as described by Perry (15) and other sources.
Tese variations are made in an effort to optimize the de
sign of an individual exchanger for the particular service
anticipated. The three most important factors affecting
this optimization are usually: heat transfer area, pres
sure drop across the exchanger, and maintenance costs.
Maintenance costs are primarily a function of material of
construction and the ease of disassembly and cleaning of
the exchanger shell and tubes. Te amount of fouling and
the frequency of maintenance can also vary depending on
heat transfer area and fluid velocity. A good introduction
to this subject of optimm design of individual heat ex
changers is given by Peters and Timmerhaus (16).
Exchanger Design
The principal objective in preliminary exchanger
design work is to determine the required heat transfer area
for a given change in stream temperatures. This area
10
value can then be used to characterize the exchanger for
initial process cost evaluations. Exchanger pressure drop
is also usually established so that exchanger design and
pumping requirements can be determined.
Assuming a simplified doble-pipe model for the
heat exchanger, one can write for each differential seg-
ment of the exchanger a steady-state heat conduction
equation:
(II-1)
It is also possible to write a heat balance for both fluids
in the differential section of the exchanger.
dq
-(C
dt)
s
ou
c
e
(Cdt)
sink
(II-2)
Equation II-2 shos that if the stream capacity rates
(C's) are constant throughout the exchanger the tempera-
tures of both streas mst vary linearly with respect to
q. Hence, it must also be true that the temperature dif-
ference, e t
source
- t
sink
' is linear with respect to q.
Te derivative of e with respect to q can then be written:
de

e
outlet
- e
inlet
dq
qexchanger
(II-3)
11
Solving Equation II-1 for dq and substituting gives:
d
9
U
9
dA
"
(
9
outlet
-
e
inlet
>
q
exchanger
{II-4)
After rearrangement, the whole exchanger may be modeled as:
e
outlet
de
9
outlet -
e
inlet
U q
exchanger
\xchanger

dA

(II-5)
After integration with constant U and rearrangement:
[
e
inlet
-
9
outlet
q " UA
ln

inletl
e
outlet> }
" UAAQ (II-6)
Equation II-6 is the familiar design relationship
for double pipe heat exchangers. It can be used together
with the integration form of Equation II-2,
q " -
( CAt)
source
"
( C t)
sink
(II-7 )
to size a double-pipe heat exchanger for a given service.
In practice the value of U will vary in an exchanger de-
pending on the fluid flo rates and temperatures. However,
for design purposes an average U value can be used success-
fully for tw given fluids if it is carefully determined
and compensated for foling and other effects.
For design calculations involving other than the
double-pipe flo geometry a correction factor, F, is
customarily included in Equation II-6 to correct the log
mean temprature difference to the true integrated
temperature difference for the new exchanger geometry.
Tus, Equation II-6 becomes:
q FAA
9
(II-8)
12
Teoretically, F may vary from 1.0 to soe low value, but
in practice few exchangers are built with an F value less
than 0.85. Tis is a result of the relative costs design
engineers assign to exchanger size and pressure drop. F
values for common geometries can be determined from graphs
or equations in Kern (8) , or other heat transfer books.
Exchanger Rating
Once an exchanger has been designed for a specific
service it may be necessary to rate the exchanger for
other services or to determine its operation if process
stream changes occur. Rating calculations start with ex
changer area, configuration, and stream inlet temperatures
as knons and determine stream outlet temperatures and the
13
amount of heat transferr ed . Such r ating or s imulation
calculations could be done us ing Equation II-8; however,
an involved tr ial and error solution would be r equired.
For tunately, an efficient direct solution r ating
method has been developed by Kays and London (7). The
heat transfer r ate equation ( II-1) and an energy equation
( II-2 ) are the two descriptive equations for a heat ex-
changer . These equations may be grouped as above or re-
written using several dimensionless groups tat have physi-
cal s ignificance . Exchanger heat transfer effectivenes s
( e) is defined as the r atio of actual heat transfer r ate to
the thermodynamically l imited maximum heat tr ansfer r ate
that would occur with a counterflow heat exchanger of in-
finite area.
e "
e "
C ( t
inlet
- t
outlet
>
source
c
min
<t
source in
- t
s ink in
>
C ( t
outlet
- t
inlet
>
s ink
C
min
<t
source in
- t
sink in
)
( II-9a)
( II-9b)
( II-9c)
The value of e should be calculated with Equation 9b or 9c
depending on whether the s ink or source stream has the
14
smaller stream capacity rate (C
in
> in the exchanger under
consideration. Te number of heat transfer units N
tu
is
an expression of the heat transfer size of the particular
exchanger and is defined by:
A
"
l.O

UdA "
Cin
a
UA
Cin
(II-10)
Capacity rate ratio is the ratio of the smaller to the
larger of the stream capacity rates. Like exchanger ef-
fectiveness, capacity rate ratio is never greater than
unity and equals zero if one of the two streams is vapor-
izing or condensing.
(II-11)
In general, it is possible to relate these dimen-
sionless groups as:
e " f (N
tu
, R, exchanger geometry)
Kays and London give the functions (f) in both graphical
and analytical form for many of the exchanger geometries
or flo arrangements now in use. For the simple doble
pipe exchanger in counterflow the various relations are:
15
1. 0 - exp Nt
u (
l . O-R)

R _ exp N
tu
(l.O-R)
for 0 <R 1. 0
(
II-12a)
for R 1. 0 ( II-12b)
e 1. 0 - exp
(
-N
tu
>
for R 0. 0 ( II-12c)
To use the above express ions in an exchanger rating
calculation one should proceed as follows:
(
1) Calculate N
tu
from the definition given in
Eqation II-10.
(
2) Calculate R from Eqation II-11.
(3) Determine e for the particular geometry, N
tu
and R values . For s imple countercurrent
double pipe exchanger use Equation II-12 .
(4) Calculate exchanger heat load (q) from the
definition of e in Eqation II-9a:
{5) Calculate s tream outlet temperatures from the
overall exchanger heat balance equation { II-7 ) .
One difficulty with the above procedure is deter-
mining the value of U to use in calculating N
tu
{ Step 1) .
This is identical to the problem of selecting a u value
for the design calculation eqation
(
II-6} . If au value
is available for the exchanger from ope rating cond itions
16
for the same fluids or from a previous design calculation
three factors might change it . First , if velocity of the
fluids through the exchanger is changed, U will var y. A
rough r ule is that U var ies as the ratio of the stream
r ates to the 0 . 8 power , with an increase in r ate leading
to an increased U+ The second factor is var iation in fluid
properties due to a change in fluid temperatures . If fluid
viscosity decreases , velocity through the exchanger will
either r emain constant or increase for a fixed pressur e
drop . Changes in viscosity can be pronounced with heavy
petr oleum oils . Lastly, the condition of the heat ex
changer (clean or fouled) has a s ignificant effect on the
actual U value . In sum ary, an estimate of the overall
heat transfer coefficient is the most difficult part of
both the r ating and design methods of heat exchanger .
Exchanger Costs
A number of factor s influence the initial cost of
heat exchanger s , including the current order backlog in
manufacturer s' shops . Peters and Ti mmerhaus (16) present
graphical correlations for purchased cost vs . exchanger
area, mater ial of constr uction , and type of exchanger .
As mentioned earlier these three factors are manipulated
in the design of individual exchangers to try and arrive
at a minimm cost for a given service. Hoever, they
may not always be freely varied and if, for example,
stainless steel tubes are required because of corrosive
streams, exchanger cost will be doubled. In addition
shipping and installation can add significantly to the
initial cost of heat exchangers.
If materials of construction are fixed, exchanger
17
cost can, as a first approximation, be related to area as:
D " aA
b
c { II-13)
E
where a, b, and c are constants. In design practice single
unit exchanger area or size is usually limited to between
200 and 5000 square feet. Mltiple units are used for
services requiring larger heat transfer area while smaller
units are not considered economically justifiable. Te
practice of coupling several heat exchanger units together
for large area services is sometimes called mltistaging
heat exchangers. Tis practice should not be confused with
the design of heat exchange networks.
Operating or maintenance costs for heat exchangers
18
are difficult to approximate , but the cost is related to
number of exchanger units as well as to heat transfer area.
To do a detailed comparative economic analysis of heat ex
change networks, maintenance costs for heat exchangers
should be included .
B. Utilities for Heating
As elements of heat exchange networks, utilities are
considered to provide an interface with external sources
and sinks for heat. It is through the utilities for heat
ing that thermal energy is added to the parts of the net
work that reqire higher temperature energy than is avail
able from the process streams. Some u tilities, in addition
to heating and cooling, have other uses in process plants
and therefore u tilization of their therml energy mst be
integrated with these other uses.
Steam is the most freqently used u tility for heat
ing and appears in most process plants. Te several steam
pressure and temperature levels in a plant are usually
arrived at through compromise for the sake of the boiler
and steam d istribution system economics. Steam generation
and use is a complex subject in itself and a recent
19
article by Monroe ( 12) summarizes some of the design and
operating considerations . Frequently , plants have three
levels of steam heat available: high pressure (500 psig) ,
low pres sure (100 psig) and exaust. These levels of
steam pressure provide a nearly ideal heating medium within
the temperature range of about 200

to S00

F. Steam
usually surpasses all oher heating medium in this tempera-
ture range because of its availability , stability , cost ,
heat-transport capacity , and safety.
Peters and Timmerhaus give cost figures for process
utilities and it is interesting to note that in spite of
the higher pressure level , there is a relatively small cost
difference between low and high pressure steam. Exhaust
steam , however , is valued at
a
bout half as much as 100 psig
steam. Actually , the value of thermal energy depends not
only on qantity but also the temperature level at which
the energy can be supplied . McCabe ( 11) discusses the use
of availability in cost accounting for process steam.
For temperatures above S00

F steam is not usually

used to supply heat because of the high pressures required
to contain it. If indirect heating of the process fluids
is desired at high temperatures , hot oil recirculating
20
systems are frequently used . Dotherm A is a popular fluid
for this purpose oer the range 400

to 750

F. The cost
for hot oil systems is considerably higher than that for
steam taken from the plant distribution system. For the
hot oil system it is necessary to have a separate heater ,
holding and makeup reservoirs and pumps . However, for the
advantages of higher temperature or absence of water (in
some applications) hot oil is used .
A third type of utility which is often used for
heating process streams to high temperatures is the direct
fired heater. In petroleum refining the heater is called
a pipe or tubestill heater. Most heaters are built with
two distinct sections: a radiant section and a convective
section. The cold process stream first enters the convec
tive section where the rising flue gases heat the stream
by giving up their sensible heat. The process stream then
enters the radiant section of the heater where high temper
atures are achieved by radiant heat transfer from the
flame .
Nelson ( 13) discusses design and construction of
fired heaters in detail . One interesting point he makes
concerns the economic efficiency of fired heaters . As
the process stream inlet design temperature is increased
for a fixed cutlet temperature two opposite effects take
place: a smaller heater will be required because less
heating is needed , but the flue gases leave at a higher
temperature with more heat lost in the gas . Tus , there
21
is an economic range for the difference in stack gas and
process stream temperature . The range will vary of course ,
depending on heat and fuel costs . A possible improvement
might be to redesign heaters s o that one fluid ( cooler)
could flo through the convective section while another
fluid (hotter) flowed in the radiant section.
c. Utilities for Cooling
Utilities for cooling are the elements of heat
exchange networks that act as heat sinks . Like utilities
for heating, those for cooling can be grouped into c lasses
depending on temperature level: air cooling, water cool
ing , and refrigeration. Selection of cooling systems is
similar to that for heating systems in that temperature
level is of primary concern . However , secondary consider
ations , such as process safety, may influence choice of
cooling medium. A recent article by Gazzi and Pasero ( 4)
discusses the different cooling systems and some of the
reasons for choosing between them.
22
Thermodynamically heat sinks are the mirror image of
heat sources . Their value depends on the quantity of
energy the sink can accept , the lowest temperature at which
energy can be accepted, and the change in sink temperature
as it accepts energy . However , it should be noted that
with varying sink and source stream temperatures, the prob
lem of attempting to account for the cost of energy trans
ferred at a given heat exchanger in a network is very
difficult .
In recent years, air cooling has increased in favor
in the process industries . One advantage of air is that
it is ever present and need not be distributed throughout
the process plant. Additionally, maintenance of air
coolers is approximately 30 to 50 per cent that for water
coolers (if cooling-tower costs are included) . Practical
ly, air-coolers are usually limited to applications where
the process fluid is to be cooled to a temperature above
140

F.
water is the most frequently used coolant in the
process industries . It may be used on a once-through
23
basis or recirculated through cooling toers . Brooke ( 2)
discusses some of the economics involved in the distribu
tion and consumption of utility water in large process
plants . He indicates that utility water can be costly and
that water conservation is important in both the design
and operation of plants .
Once-through cooling water is not used as mch as it
once was because of limited sources . Te main advantage
of once-through cooling water is its lo temperature when
compared to closed cycle cooling water which can never be
cooler than the wet bulb air temperature . Practically ,
recirculated cooling water is available between 80

and
100

F depending on weather conditions . The chemical con

tent of the water is carefully controlled by blowdown and
the addition of selected chemicals . Hoever , the dissolved
salts do cause difficulty at higher water temperatures .
Above about 120
o
F the salts begin to cause excessive foul
ing and corrosion in exchangers and it is necessary to
limit the temperature to which cooling water is heated .
For heat removal at temperatures below that of
cooling-water , some type of refrigerated cooling must be
used . Refrigerated cooling is expensive when compared to
24
water or air cooling and the cost increases rapidly as the
sink temperature is lowered. Because of this refrigerated
cooling is used only when necessary and then at a tempera
ture level just loer than that required for the process
stream. Design and operation of the system to provide
refrigerated cooling usually receives much attention be
cause of the costs involved.
D. Interconnections
Interconnections is the broad term used to group
the elements that convey the proces s streams through a heat
exchange network. Included in this group are piping,
pumps , valving , insulation , and instrumentation to control
stream temperature or rate . The design and cost importance
of these interconnection elements can be a significant
part of the heat exchange network. Tis is particularly
true in some of the newer process plants in which different
and sometimes widely separated units are highly integrated
with regards to process stream heat exchange.
Te cost associated with the interconnection
elements is difficult to determine but s ome consideration
must be given to it i f different heat exchange networks
2 5
are to be eqitably compared . Generally , piping and other
costs will be higher for networks involving more heat ex
changers . Thus , a first approximation might be to relate
interconnection costs to the number of heat exchangers .
Admitted ly , this is a rough estimator , but it is important
to consider the sometimes significant indirect costs
associated with heat exchange networks .
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS OF STREAM SYSTEMS
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an orderly
framework that can be used to view and place in perspective
the variables associated with networks for heat exchange .
In this context, "variableM is broadly defined to mean, not
only those quantities that vary continuously, but also
those which change from one discrete state to another.
Identification and characterization of variable interac
tions describe the stream system "feasible solution space . "
Once bounds have been establi shed on the solution space ,
network designs can be efficiently proposed and accurately
evaluated.
A. System Selection and Classification
Networks for heat exchange initially start with the
process streams that are to be heated or cooled. The
following information is given for each stream: stream
rate , heat capacity, inlet and outlet temperature required.
In addition to the process streams it is usually necessary
to use a certain minimum amount of heating and cooling by
utilities to make construction of a heat exchange network
possible . The uti lities available in a given plant must
26
27
be specified according to temperature level and possibly
maximum amounts avai lable before the "system restr ictions "
are complete .
Once a complete set of system restr ictions has been
given, a "stream system .. can be defined. The stream system
is the combination of the given process streams plus the
chosen amounts of the available utilities . Thermodynam
ically, the system restr ictions define a flow system by
specifying limitations imposed at the system-surroundings
boundary. A additional understood specification i s that
there is no heat flow between system and surroundings ex
cept that coupled with stream flow. That is, heat is only
exchanged at specified heat exchanger s . Actually, any
stream system can be subdivided into two parts: source
streams and sink streams (both parts may include utili
ties ) . The function of the heat exchange network is to
effect the exchange of heat energy between these two parts
of the stream system.
Stream systems can be classified into four bas ic
types depending on the number of source and the number of
sink process streams . These types r oughly represent four
levels of difficulty in heat exchange network design . The
basic system types along with some possible networks are
illustrated in Figure 1 .
Type A i s the s implest system and involves one
L
Sou rce
S t ream
S i nk
S t ream
P roces s 2
P roces s 2
Ref ri ge ran t Coo 1 i ng -Wa te r
P roces s
Hot 0 i 1 S team
F i gure lA Networks for a S i n gle P roces s
S t ream, Type A S t ream Sys tem.
P rocess 1 P roces s 1
P roces s 2
P rocess 1 P roces s 1
F
i gure lB Networks for One Source and One
S i n k P roces s S t ream , Type B St ream Sys tem.
28
A i r
F i red
Furn ace
U t i 1 i ty
B
c D E
A
Ut i li ty
A
B
F i gu re IC A Pos s i b l e Network for One Sou rce and
Seve ral S i n k P roces s S t reams or One S i n k and Seve ral
Sou rce P roces s S t reams , Type C S t ream Sys tem.
c D E
Ut i l i ty
F i gu re l A Poss i b l e Networ k for Seve ra l Sou rce
and Seve ra l S i n k P roces s S t reams , Type D Sys tem.
29
30
source or s ink process stream. A utility is used to cool
or heat the stream in a process-utility exchanger . There
is no choice as to the exchanger heat load, but selection
of the type of utility can be made. As discussed in
Chapter II, each type of utility usually excels over a
certain temperature r ange. However, this range depends
somewhat on current utility and exchanger costs and will
vary from plant to plant as well as with time. Perhaps
the most familiar example of Type A stream system optimiza
tion is the choice between air - or water-cooler s .
Stream system Type B consists of two process streams
( one source stream and one s ink stream plus chosen utili
ties ) . The heat exchange networks for system Type B
involve process-process exchange plus process-utility ex
change. Thi s system type has been studied in the liter a
ture but it is important to realize that for comparable
economic evaluations the terminal process stream tempera
tures must be fixed. Happel (5) presents a good summary
of the work in the liter ature for the Type B system. Most
of it involves optimization through the use of standard
calculus methods applied to a fixed one or two exchanger
network. However , Figure lB shows that several networks
are poss ible for Type B systems and selection of a network
configuration is as important as its subsequent optimiza
tion . Configuration choice is discussed in detail in
3 1
Chapter IV.
Stream system Type C can be consider ably more com
plicated than Types A or B. Type C cons ists of one
sour ce, several s ink streams , and utilities or one s ink,
sever al source streams , and utilities . Networks of Type
C systems are familiar as the heat exchange tr ain in crude
distillation units or gas liquefaction pl ants . Relatively
little liter ature is available on the synthesis and opti
mization of Type C networks . Paige (14 ) for example, pre
sents some qualitative rules to be used in the des ign of
coolers, while Westbrook (17 ) illustr ates the use of
dynamic progr amming to optimize a given network . The best
approach appear s to be that of Whistler (18) . He uses
the enthalpy diagr am technique discussed in Chapter IV.
Type D stream systems can be by far the most com
plicated . They consist of sever al sour ce and sever al sink
streams plus chosen utilities . Figure lD shows one pos
sible network . It is easy to see the need for some type
network of synthesis aid when confronted with a Type D
s ystem.
At this point the problem of optimum network des ign
might appe ar to be overwhelmingly complex. However , net
work des ign for the var ious s ystem types involves the
common problem of choos ing which streams to heat exchange .
In its simplest form this problem can be illustr ated with
32
a three stream system. The next two sections of this
chapter base their discussion of network bounds on the
three stream example presented in Table I . Note that the
heat load of the two sour ce streams (A and B) is equal in
magnitude to the heat load of the sink stream (C) for the
example . The terminal temperatures given in Table I
define four example cases. The significance of these
four cases and the terminal temperatures given is dis
cussed later in this chapter .
B. System Feasibility
The first question that should be answered for a
given stream system is whether or not it is possible to
construct any heat exchange networks for the system
without violating the network constraint of minimum temper
ature of approach.
This can be conveni
e
ntly done by dividing the stream
system into temper ature r anges. Table I I presents such a
feasibility table for Case 2 of the Three Stream Example
(Table I ) . Each r ange has separate columns for source and
s ink streams . The temperature level of the s ink stream
section of each r ange is lower than the source stream sec
tion by exactly 20F
0
(the chosen minimum temperature of
approach) . The temperatures for the beginning and end of
each r ange are given in the columns entitled "Temps. " The
33
TABLE I
DATA FOR S I MPL I F I ED THREE STREAM EXAMPLE
Capac i ty Rate Heat Load
S tream C ( BTU/Hr0 F )
Q ( MM BTU/Hr)
A 70 , 000 .
-7 . 00
B 48 , 000. - 9 . 60
c 5 5 , 33 3 . 1 6 . 60
U
AC
=
1 00 . BTU/HrF t
2
F U
BC
=
1 00 . BTU/H r F t
2
F
Te rmi nal Tempe ratu res (
o
F )
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
S t ream I n O u t I n Ou t I n O u t I n O u t
A 650 . 5 50 . 600 . 500 . 500 . 400 . 500 . 400 .
B 550 . 3 50 . 5 50 . 350 . 5 50 . 350 . 550 . 350 .
c 130 . 430 . 1 30 . 430 . .
0 . 430 . 230 . 530 .
34
TABL E I I
FEAS I B I L I TY TABLE FO R THREE STREAM EXAMPLE CAS E 2 WI TH 9 . 20
mrn
Range
#
1
2
3
4
5
Sou r ce S t reams S i nk S treams
Temps Name
( OF)
600- 5 50 A
5 50 - 500
A
B
500- 450 B
450- 350 B
350- 1 50
-
0
Q
Temps Name Q Q
(MM BTU/Hr) (0 F) ( MM BTU/Hr) Range
- 3 . 50 5 30-5 80 -
- 3 . 50
480- 5 3 0 -
- 5 . 90
- 2 . 40
- 2 . 40 430- 480 - - 2 . 40
- 4 . 80 330-430 c 5 . 53 0.73
1 30- 3 30 c 1 1 . 07 1 1 . 0 7
Q
Total 0 . 0
4 8 1 2
En thal py ( MM BTU /H r )
F i gu re 2 Tempe rat u re Ranges for
Th ree S t ream Exampl e C ase 2 .
16
Range
Feas i b i l i ty'
0
0
0
0
0
20
35
name of the stream in the r ange is also given. A blank
indicates there are no streams in the given r ange. Given
next to each stream name is the enthalpy change (Q) for
the str eam for the given temper ature r ange .
Feasibility tables are constructed by starting with
the highest temper ature stream in the system and progress
ing downward in temperature level . A new r ange is started
each time a stream (source or sink) is encountered . A
new r ange is also started whenever the terminal temper a
ture of a stream is reached . Figure 2 gives a pictor ial
view of the five temperature r anges for Case 2 .
The total heat load for each temperature r ange is
displayed under the heading "Q Range" in the feasibility
table . This column (sum of sour ce plus sink Q) shows the
excess or lack of sour ce heat in each temperature r ange .
In Table I I r anges one to three have excess source heat,
whi le r anges four and f ive have excess sink capacity . The
feasibility of a network can be determined from these
temperature r ange " Q11 values if they are comined into a
final " Range Feasibility .. column . Star ting with the first
temperature r ange in a feasibility table , negative Q ' s
are used to cancel all or any por tion o f a positive Q in
any lower r ange. This procedure is car r ied out for each
successive r ange with negative Q ' s until no more source
heat (negative Q) can be transferr ed . I f the r ange
36
feasibility column is all zeros, as in Table II , then it
is feasible to construct a network in which exchangers
have at least a 20 F
0
minimum tmper ature of approach .
On the other hand, the range feasibil ity column is
not always all zeros. Table I I I , constructed for Case 4
of the Three Stream Example, has a system range feasibil ity
column which cannot be made all zeros. This occurs in
spite of the fact that the example is in overall heat
balance . Wat the table shows is that in the first temper
ature r ange there is more sink capacity than can be used .
Likewise in the second temper ature r ange there is mor e
source capacity than can be used by any of the lower tem
perature r anges. Thus, it is impossible to construct a
heat exchange network with a 2 0 F
0
temperature of approach
for Case 4 . To do so would require utilities for heating
and cooling in amount and temperature levels at least
sufficient to cancel the non-zeros in the range feasibili
ty column .
Furthermore , a feasibility table can be constructed
for any temperature of approach desired ( fr om 0 F
0
on up) .
Table IV shows that i f the temperature of approach is
lowered to 10 p for Case 4 , the r ange feasibility column
becomes all zeros, indicating network feasibility . Hence ,
it is possible to construct a network for the Case 4
example in which each exchanger has at least a 10 F
0
3 7
TABLE I l l
FEAS I B I L I TY TAB LE FOR THREE STREAM EXAMPLE CASE 4 W I TH d . = 20 F0
m 1 n
Source S t reams S i nk S t reams
Range Temps Name Q Temps Name Q Q Range
# (
o
F
) ( MM BTU/Hr) (
o
F } ( MM BTU/Hr} Range Feas i b i l i ty
1 550-500 B - 2 . 40 480 - 530 c 2 . 77 0 . 37 0 . 37
2 500-400
A - 7 . 00
380-480 c 5 . 53 - 6 . 27 -0 . 37
B - 4 . 80
3
400- 350 B - 2 . 40 330- 380 c 2 . 77 0 . 37 0
4 350-250 - 230 - 3 30 L 5 . 53 5 . 53 0
Q Tota l 0 . 0
TABLE I V
FEAS I B I L I TY TABLE FOR THREE STREAM EXAMPLE CAS E 4 W I TH d . = 1 0 F0
m1 n
Source S t reams S i nk S t reams
Range Temps Name Q Temps N ame Q Q Range
#
( 'F) ( MM BTU/H r) ( 0 F) ( MM BTU/Hr) Ran ge Feas i b i l i ty
1 550- 540 B -0 . 48 5 30- 540
-
-0 . 48 0
2 540- 500 B !1 . 92 490-530 c 2 . 2 1 0 . 29 0
3 500-400
A - 7 . 00
390- 490 c 5 . 53 -6 . 27 0
B -4 . 80
4 400- 350 B - 2 . 40 340- 390 c 2 . 77 0. 3 7
0
5 350-240
-
230- 3 40 c 6 . 09 6 . 09 0
Q Tota l 0 . 0
'
38
temperature of approach . The number of r anges in a feasi-
bility table is of no particular s ignificance, except to
indicate the number of different stream terminal tempera-
tures . The r elationship among minimum temperatures of
approach, uti lity r equirements , and network costs is
discussed in Section D of this chapter .
The above procedure for determining the feasibility
of constructing a network for a given stream system is
applicable to systems with any number of streams . The
method can be easily coded for use on a digital computer
and executes quickly. Appendix D contains a FORTRAN IV
program and examples of feasibility and minimum utility
r ate calculations.
c. Minimum Heat Exchange Area Networks
In Chapter II the steady-state heat conduction
equation was given for a differential segment of a heat
exchanger . This same equation can be wr itten for any
source and s ink str eam in a stream system giving the
potential heat flux for the streams:
" dq/dA " U (t - t . )

source s1nk
(III
-
1 )
For transfer of heat from the source to the sink, this
flux must be positive .
If two source streams are at the same temper ature
3 9
and have the same overall heat transfer coeffic ient with
respect to a given sink stream, their potential heat flux
will be the same . In such a case the streams are said to
be in " temperature contention . .. 'hat is, either one of
them could deliver heat to the sink at the same cost in
terms of heat exchange area. If i t exists, this temper a
ture contention will hold over some range . Figure 3 shows
that there is no temperature contention for Case 1 of the
'hree Stream Example. However , for Case 3 the contention
exists over a broad r ange as shown in Figure 4 . Case 2
also has a r an9e of temperature contention (500 to 5 5 0

F) .
A network will have the minimum total heat transfer
area if each differential element of heat for all streams
is exchanged in a manner similar to that for two streams
in an ideal counter
-
current exchanger . That is, starting
with the highest temperature source each differential
element of heat is transferred to the highest tmperature
sink available . This process continues until the lowest
temperature sour ce heat is given up to the lowest temper a
ture sink. For r anges in which temperature contention is
present, all streams in contention are r equired to trans
fer their heat with the same heat flux (dq/dA) . This is
possible since the sink stream (s) can be split into any
number of branches. Appendix C explains the synthesis of
minimum area networks in more detail , but the essence of
700
500
300
1 00
0
700
500
300
1 00
0
4 8 1 2
Enth a l py (MM BTU/H r)
F i g u re 3 Lack of Tempe rat u re Con ten t i on
I n Th ree S t ream Examp l e Case 1 .
4 8 1 2
En th a l py (MM BTU/H r)
F i gu re 4 Range of Tempe ratu re Con ten t i on
I n Th ree S t ream Examp l e Cas e 3 .
40
20 '
20
4|
the pr ocedure is to insure that streams at equal temper a
ture levels tr ans fer heat with the same heat flux. A c om
puter pr ogr am to synthesize such networks in tabular f orm
is given in Appendix D. Example minimum area tables for
complex stream systems are als o given .
For small s ystems the minimum area network table
c an be easily calculated manually. Table V gives the mini
mum area network for a stream s ystem which does not have
any temper ature contention. Tables VI and VII give the
minimum are a network for two systems with different
amounts of temper ature contention .
Like the feas ibility table , te minimum area table
is composed of temper ature r anges divided into s ource and
sink sections . However , the secti ons of each area table
temper ature r ange are not separ ated by any given amount
chosen beforehand. If only temper ature contention is
consi dered, the fir st r ange is formed by star ting with the
highest sour ce stream input temper ature for the source
section and the highest outlet sink stream temper ature for
the sink stream secti on. The difference in these two
temper atures gives
|
in the 11 EXchanger Calculations"
section of the table . The r ange continues downward in
temper ature level until one of the streams end or a
temper ature contention (decision var iable is a) develops
with a stream not in the r ange . The r ange is then
TABLE V
4 2
M I N I MUM AREA TABLE FOR THREE STREAM EXAMPLE CAS E 1
Sou rce S t reams S i nk S t reams Exchange r Ca l cu l at i on s
Range temps Name
Q
Temps Name
Q
U a
1
a

Aa A rea
#
1
2
Range
#
1
2
3
(
O
F ) (
o
F )
650- 5 50 A - 7 . 0 304- 430
5 50- 350 B -9 . 6 1 30- 304
c 7 . 0
c 9 . 6
TABLE V I
{ F 0 ) ( F ) ( F0 ) ( F t
2
)
1 00 . 220 . 247 . 2 3 3 . 300 .
1 00 . 247 . 220 . 233 . 4 1 2 .
+ +
*
E = 2 , a . = 220 . , A = 7 1 2 .
m 1 n
M I N I MUM AREA TABLE FOR THREE STREAM EXAMP LE CASE 2
Sou rce S t reams S i n k S t reams Exchange r C a l cu l at i ons
Temps Name
Q
Temps Name
Q
u a
l
a
2
A a A rea
(
O
F) (
o
F) ( F
o
) X F 0 ) { F
o
) ( Ft
2
)
600- 5 50 A - 3 . 5 367- 430 c 3 . 5 1 00 . 1 70 . 1 83 . 1 77 . 1 9 8 .
550-500
A - 3 . 5
260- 367 c 5 . 9 1 00 . 1 83 . 240 . 2 1 0 . 2 8 1 .
B - 2 . 4
500- 350 B - 7 . 2 1 30-260 c 7 . 2 1 00 . 240 . 220 . 2 30 . 3 1 3 .
E
+
= 4 a
+
.
-
= 1 70 . , A"= 792 .
t
m 1 n
TABLE V I I
M I N I MUM AREA TABLE FOR THREE STRRAM EXAMPLE CAS E 3
Sou rce S t reams S i n k S t reams Exchange r Ca l cu l a t i on s
Range Temps Name
Q Temps Name
Q u a
l
a
2
A a Area
# (
o
F ) (
O
F ) ( F
o
) ( F
o
) ( F
o
) ( F t
2
)
1 550-500 B -2 . 4 3 87- 430 c 2 . 4 1 00 . 1 20 . 1 1 3 . 1 1 7 . 206 .
2 500- 400
A - 7 . 0
1 73 - 3 87 c 1 1 . 8 1 00 . 1 1 3 . 227 . 1 64 . 722 .
B - 4 . 8
3 400- 350 B - 2 . 4 1 30- 1 73 c 2 . 4 1 00 . 227 . 220 . 223 . 1 07 .
E
+
= 4 a
+
.
:'
= 1 1 3 . , A = 1 03 5 .
t
m1 n

43
terminated so that the heat lost by the source streams
j ust equals that gained by the sink streams . Thus , the
r ange is in heat balance and the value of e
2
can be deter
mined. Additional r anges are formed until all the streams
in the system have been included. The final r ange should
end with the lowest source stream outlet temperature and
the lowest sink stream input temperatur e . If overall heat
transfer coefficient values (U' s) are known for each
stream combination, an area value can be determined for
each r ange . The sum of these area values is then the
minimum total heat exchange area for the given stream
system.
Notice that the minimum temperature of approach for
the minimum area network ( e
in
> i s the smallest value in
the e
1
and e
2
columns . The significance of this value is
discussed in the next section of this chapter .
Also note that the minimum area network may require
a r elatively large numer of heat exchanger s if many
streams are in temper ature contention . Actually, the
numer of exchangers r equired, E+, is really an effective
maximum number of exchangers . Certainly, networks can be
constructed with more exchangers , but the addition of
heat exchanger s will not serve to decrease the total heat
transfer area below that for the minimum area network .
Potential heat flux can be computed for stream
44
systems in which var ious stream combinations have different
overall heat transfer coefficients. For such a case , the
var ious streams may be in u stream contention. " Strea
contention exists when the product (U9)
AB
equals (ue)
AC
"
Table VIII gives an example of a three stream system
in which two sink streams are in temperature contention .
Figure 5 shows that the contention exists over the whole
temperature r ange of both streas. However , the overall
heat transfer coefficients are different for the two
streams. Thus, stream contention also exists. Therefor e,
to calculate a true minimum area network , r anges in the
minimum area table must be determined on the basis of
potential heat flux ( " ue) . Table IX shows the con
struction of such a minimum area network table . Figure 6
is a drawing of the network synthesized in the table .
In general , the effect of consider ing stream con
tention r ather than s imple temperature contention is un
known. However , for the networks studied in this resear ch
the e ffect does not seem to be very great . Table X pre
sents the minimum area network for the three stream ex
ample given in Table VIII i f only temper atur e contention
is considered. The total area is changed insignificantly
from that for the area table constructed by consider ing
stream contention. Also note that a much simpler network
is required as shown in Figure 7 . However , the effect of
S t ream
A
B
c
400
350
0
TABLE V I I I
DATA FOR STREAM CONTENT I ON EXAMPLE
Capac i ty Rate
C ( BTU/H r F)
20 , 000 .
1 1 . 550 .
1 4 , 450 .
Temperatu res ( F )
I n Ou t
400 .
259 .
259 .
320 .
3 20 .
320 .
En tha l py ( M BTU/H r )
Hea t Load
Q
( M BTU/H r )
-1 , 5 86 . 0
704 . 6
88 1 . 4
F i g u re 5 S t ream Con ten t i on Examp l e .
45
2 . 0
Range
l
2
3
TABL E I X
M I N I MUM AREA TABLE CONS I DE R I NG STREAM CONTENT I ON
Sou rce S t reams S i nk S t reams Exchange r Ca l cu l at i on s
Temps Name Q Temps Name Q [ ue]
1
[ Ua]
2
u e
l
8
2
e Area
400- 382 A - . 356 2 89- 320 B . 356 7930 . 9240 . 1 00 . 79 . 3 92 . 4 85 . 6 4 1 . 6
382- 3 39 A - . 843
259- 289 B . 3 49
9240 . 8030 .
1 00 . 92 . 4 80 . 3 86 . 3 40 . 4
286- 320 c . 494 1 50 . 6 1 . 5 5 3 . 6 5 7 . 5 5 7 . 3
3 39- 320
A - . 3 87 259-286 c . 387 8030 . 9 1 50 . 1 50 . 5 3 . 6 6 1 . 0 5 7. 3 45 . 0
+ +
*
E = 4 , 8 . = 5 3 . 6 , A = 1 84 . 3
m1 n
c
320 F
A
400
O
F
:
B .
320
O
F
B
259 F
c
I .A
2 89 F '
259 F
B
F i g u re 6 M i n i mum A rea Network Cons i de r i ng S t ream Con ten t i on .
E #
1
2
3
4

O
47
TABLE X
M I N I MUM AREA TABLE CON S I DER I NG ON LY TEMPE RATU RE CONTENT I ON
Sou rce S t reams
Range Temps N ame
Q
# ( O F )
S i nk S t reams
Temps Name
Q
{ O F)
400-320 A - 1 . 59 259- 320
0 . 7 1
0 . 88
Exchange r C al cu l at i on s
U b b 0b A rea
( F

) ( F

) {
F0
) ( F t
2
)
1 00 .
8
1 50 .
6 1 . ]0 .
1 00 . 3
84. 0
E
+
= 2 ,
+
6 84 b . = 1 . , A = . 3
m 1 n
L
320 F
-C
A

400 F
B
320 F
259 F
320 F
~~
A
F i gu re 7 M i n i mum Area Network Con s i de r i ng
On l y Tempe ratu re Con ten t i on .
48
stream contention is one which must be more thoroughly
investigated before it can be considered to be negligible .
D. Minimum Temperature of Approach
The thermal dr iving force or temper ature difference
( 9) will vary from one end of an exchanger to the other ,
unless the sour ce and sink streams have identical capacity
r ates . The minimum temperature of approach ( 9
min
> for
an exchanger is the smallest value of for that exchanger .
This value will usually occur at one of the ends of the
exchanger . However , for some ser vices the dr iving for ce
may be smallest at a point internal to the exchanger .
Wen des igning an exchanger for such a ser vice , car e must
be taken to insure that the design does not involve a
.. temperature cross .
ff
Ker n (8 ) discusses the problem of
designing inadvertently an exchanger in which the s ink
fluid is hotter than the source fluid at some internal
point. A temperature cross cannot occur for the counter
current double-pipe exchanger s and streams of constant
capacity rate used in this research .
As the temperature of approach decreases for an
exchanger , the heat tr ansfer area r equirement wi ll in
crease . At low temperatures of approach, the incremental
area requirement becomes large for recover ing a small
amount of heat . Thus, for economic design an analysis of
the pertinent costs is r equired . The cost o f additional
49
exchanger area must be balanced against the value of the
increased heating and cooling that would take place . This
type of analysis has been conducted by Wistler ( 18 ) and
others. The analysis depends on the relative costs of
heating, cooling, and exchanger area, but the " economic "
minimum temperature of approach is almost always less than
20 F
0
and more probably 10 F
0
consider ing the high cost of
utilities in today s plants.
Actually , the economic minimum temperature of ap-
proach is not a constant but depends on the temperature
level at which heat is being transferred . For a refr iger -
ation system the economic minimum temperature of approach
is lower than that for heat exchange at ambient or higher
temperatures. For this reason , refr igerated coolers have
low temper atures of approach (sometimes 5 F
0
) .
The feasibility table discussed in Section B of
this chapter makes it possible to determine if a heat ex-
change network can be synthesi zed for a given stream sys-
ter. The feasibility table is constructed by using a
given minimum temper ature of approach (e
min
>

The r ange
feasibility column of the feasibi lity table will contain
all zeros if it is feasible to synthesize a network in
which the minimum temperature of approach for any exchanger
is at least the a . used to construct the table .
mn
50
Thus , calculation of several feasibility tables
with varying e
min
values make it possible to determine the
effect of minimum temperature of approach on utility r e
quirements for any stream system. The r ange of interest
for 9 . values is from 0 to perhaps 50 p. I f the stream
m1n
system is not feas ible at very low e
min
values , then utili -
ties will certainly be needed in a network. On the other
hand, if the stream system is feas ible for a large minimum
temperature of approach (greater than 50 F
0
) additional
utilities are not necessary.
To obtain a more quantitative view of these inter-
actions , minimum network area can be calculated for a
r ange of utility stream r ates . A plot of minimum network
area ver sus utility r ates bounds the feasible network
solution space . From each minimum area network, the value
+
of minimum temperature of approach, e
min
' within the net-
work can be obtained. This e
in
value will be the largest
possible e
min
for all feasible networks us ing the specified
utility r ates . The interactions among e
min'
uti lity rates ,
and network area are illustrated with the examples in
Capter V.
E. Quasi-Minimum Number of Heat Exchanger s
The quasi-minimum number of heat exchanger s for a
5 1
stream system is defined as :
E " M + N - 1 ( III-2 )
where M is the number of source streams and N the number
of sinks . A network using only the quasi-minimum number
of exchanger s can be constr ucted for any stream system
that is feasible ( see Section B) . Such a network may re
quire splitting streams ; however , at each exchanger in
the network one of the system streams. must r each its out
let temperature . A discussion of the feasibility of net
works containing only E exchangers is given in Appendix c .
A matr ix format can be used to visualize networks
with different number s of heat exchangers . The representa
tion does not display strea temperatures but it is useful
when cons ider ing the relationship between the number of
exchanger s required for a network and the number of streams
in the system. Table XI shows three poss ible networks for
a seven stream system. In each matr ix, columns represent
sour ce streams while rows represent sink streams . Filled
cells represent exchanger s with the numer ical value refer
r ing to the heat load of the exchanger . Zeros or unfilled
cells are not shown .
Part B of Table XI shows a network constructed by
using the quasi-minimum number of exchangers (E " 4+3-1 "
6) . Notice that each exchanger load is uniquely
52
TABL E X I
THE NUMBER OF HEAT EXCHANGERS I N
VAR I OUS NETWORKS FOR A S EVEN STREAM SYSTEM
Sou rces
A B L D S i nk Q
E y:1 3 . 3 3 .
l oopt
S i nks F 1 0 :2 . 63 . 1 00 .
G 7 .
60 . 67 .
Sou rce Q 30 . 40 . 70 . 60 . 200 .
A . Seven Exchange rs Wi l l Res u l t i n a Heat Load Loop .
Sou rces
A B L D S i nk Q
.
E 30 . 3 . 3 3 .
S i n ks F 3 7. 6 3 . 1 00 .
G 7 . 60 . 67 .
Sou rce Q 30 . 40 . 70 . 60 . 200 .
B . S i X i s the Quas i -M i n i mum N umber of Exch ange rs .
Sou rces
A B L D S i nk Q
E 30 . 3 . 3 3 .
S i nks F 40 . 60 . 1 0 0 .
.
G 6 7 . 6 7 .
I
Sou rce Q 30 . 40 . 70 . 60 . 200 .
L . F i ve i s the M i n i mum N umbe r of Exchange rs
Because of L i nea r Dependency of S t reams .
53
determined and it is not poss ible to vary any of the ex
changer heat loads without upsetting the system heat
balance . However , other s ix exchanger networks can be
constructed for the given stream system. For most str eam
systems , the best of these possible networks cannot be
found by direct sear ch since there are too many possibi
lities to enumer ate .
If more than the quasi-minimum number of exchangers
are used (Par t A of Table XI) , a 11 heat load loop" will
exist in the networks . The significance of the loop is
that the exchanger heat loads in the loop may be altered
without disturbing the over all network heat balance . For
networks with head load loops , optimization of exchanger
s izes can be carr ied out by such techniques as dynamic
progr amming . Heat load loops and their optimization are
discussed in more detail in Chapter IV.
To construct a network with less than the quasi
minimum number of exchanger s requires that some sour ce
str ea head load subset be equal in magnituae to a s ink
str eam heat load subset. Tis is true for the example
given in Table XI since Q
+
Q 7 Q " 0 . Part C of the
table shows a network constructed with one less than the
quasi-minimum number of exchanger s . However , the l inear
dependency of the subsets does not mean that such a net
work is feasible from the point of view of network
54
constraints . The temperature levels of the streams in
volved must be checked before one can say if it is poss ible
to construct network C .
I f no l inear dependencies exist between the source
and s ink stream subsets , it is impossible to construct
a network with fewer than the quasi -minimum numer of
heat exchanger s . Since such subset equality i s unlikely
for most r eal stream systems , E may be generally viewed
as the actual minimum number of exchangers (E*) .
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGE NETORK
This chapter deals with the method of designing
and evaluating networks for heat exchange . Synthes is of
network des igns is a task that should be done by the
process engineer . Only he can weigh the various factors
involved in each stream system and make allowances in the
design or concess ions in the system restr ictions to take
advantage of the factor s unique to each stream system.
To factors are of paramount importance if the
process engineer is to succeed in synthes iz ing a network
within the j uxta-optimu region . First , he must under
stand the significance of the var ious network var iables
and have a knowledge of the bounds of the feasible des ign
space as outlined in Chapter II . Secondly, the engineer
must have an aid for visualizing the effect of individual
des ign decisions or changes as he makes them. The temper
ature-enthalpy diagr am is an ideal aid for this purpose
and can be used much like the McCabe-Thiele diagr am is
used for pictur ing the interaction of var iables involved
in separations by distillation . This chapter also pre
sents other aids for use in modifying or improving pre
liminary network designs . Finally, the whole strategy
55
56
for network des ign is presented .
A. Synthesizing Network Designs
The only descr iption of the enthalpy diagr am or more
explicitly the temperature-enthalpy diagr am in the liter a
ture appear s at the end of an ar ticle by Wistler (18 ) .
He indicates that it is used by a number of engineer s but
is not univer sally employed . Essentially, the diagram in
volves plotting the streams to be included in a network on
a temperature vs . enthalpy scale . This was done for the
examples in Chapter III .
With the streams portr ayed in such a fashion i t is
relatively easy to synthesize good networks . S ince the
enthalpy scale is only relative , streams may be shifted
hor izontally or broken into par ts to visualize var ious
heat exchanger combinations . The ver tical displacement of
each line or line segment represents its temperature
level . The ver tical distance between sour ce and sink
streams corresponds to the temperature difference or
dr iving for ce for heat transfer .
To use the temper ature-enthalpy diagram one tr ies
to construct all exchanger s with the largest dr iving
force possible . However , care is taken not to design some
exchangers with a very large dr iving for ce while other s
have a small dr iving force. Perhaps the best policy is to
57
start with the highest temperature source and s ink str eam.
After deciding how these should be exchanged, one next
consider s the lowest temper atur e streams . Then back to
the higher temperatures again, eventually working toard
the middle temperature streams . Actually , several net
works may appear to be good and it is then necessar y to
compar e detailed calculations for each.
The streams displayed on the enthalpy diagram need
not have constant heat capacity. Curved lines can be
drawn and manipulated j ust as well as straight ones .
Splitting a stream into a number of branches is somewhat
awkwar d on the enthalpy diagram. Lower capacity r ate
streams have a steeper slope and so por traying branches
involves replotting each branch .
Figures 8 and 9 show the construction of two net
works us ing the enthalpy diagram technique . The stream
system illustrated is Case 2 of the Simplified Three
Stream Example , Table I (page 28) . Figure 10 shows the
networks synthes ized along with other poss ible networks
for the first three cases of the example presented in
Table I . The bottom part of the figure gives the area re
quired for the var ious networks . Us ing temperature
enthalpy diagras for the examples , it i s easy to quali
tatively ver i fy the results of the table . More detailed
examples of the use of the enthalpy diagram are given in
8
7
00
~~~~~~~~~~~~
5
00
300
1 00
0
7
00
5
00
300
Exchange r # 1
4 8
En tha l py (MM
F i g u re 8 En tha l py D i ag ram Sye thes i s Al te rnate A.
1 00
E ntha l py (MM BTU/H r )
F i g u re 9 Entha l py D i ag ram Syn thes i s Al te rnate B .
c
A
A . Se r i es F l ow
c
A
B
c
C . P a ra l l e l F l ow
( S p l i t t i ng S t ream C )
Tot a l
Network Network
A B
Case 1 076 . 7 1 2 .
C ase 2 1 1 00 . 795
.

Case 3 1 1 77 . 1 260 .
c
A
B . Se r i es F l ow ( Al te rnate)
c
D . S p l i t t i ng the Heat
Load of S t ream B
A rea Va l ues ( F t
2
)
Network Networ k M i n i mum A rea
c D Networ k
N . A . N . A . 7 1 2 .
.
84 1 . N . A. 792 .
1 047 . 1 046 . 1 0 35 .
l I
F i g u re 1 0 Some Networks for the Th ree S t ream Examp l e .
59
60
Chapter V. For the more complex systems , some skill is
involved in using the enthalpy diagra and as might be
expected, practice improves one s facil ity with the tool.
B. Optimizing Network Designs
Once a network configuration has been selected , the
internal temperatur es and r ates may be adjusted to optimize :
the required heat transfer area. More accurately, the
temperatures and rates should be adj usted to optimize net
work cost . As discussed in Chapter I I , cost should not
only include the effect of network area but some contr ibu
tion dependent on the number of heat exchanger s .
The fir st indication as to whether the internal
temperatures of a given network can be adj usted to yield
an optimum should come from a compar ison of the quasi
minimum number of exchanger s for the stream system and the
number s of exchanger s present in the network . Only if
more than the quasi-minimum number of exchanger s is
present can the internal temperatures alone be adj usted
without disturbing the stream system heat balance or
violating system restr ictions . In such a case of excess
exchanger s , a heat load loop wi ll exist . The duty of the
exchanger s in the loop may be adj usted to minimize area
requirements .
Table XII gives an example of a four stream system.
S t ream
A
B
c
D
Tot a l
Network
Area
(
Ft
2
)
TABLE X I I
DATA FOR HEAT LOAD LOOP EXAMPLE
Capaci ty Rate Tempe ratu res (
o
F )
c ( BTU/H r F ) I n Ou
1 4 , 450 . 1 40 . 320 .
1 0 , 820 . 1 00 . 1 80 .
1 6 , 72 2 . 320 . 200 .
20 , 000 . 3 5 3 . 300 .
A 1 1 u I s equa l 1 50 . BTU/H rFt
2
F .
6 1
Heat Load
Q
(MM BTU/H r )
2 . 60
0 . 86
- 2 . 00
- 1 . 46
F i g u re 1 1 Network Wi th a Hea t Load Loop .
1 00 1 60 1 80
400
375
350
325
200 220 2 40 260
F i gu re 1 2 E ffect of Heat Load D i s t r i b u t i on on Networ k A rea .
62
A network has been proposed for this system (Figure 11)
and an optimization of the internal network temperature
is des ired. Str ictly speaking, te minimum total network
area occurs when the temperature t
1
is at 235F. However ,
Figure 12 shows some more detail concerning total network
area . The solution sur face is really quite flat for any
temper ature of t
1
between 2 22F and the l imiting tempera
ture of 252F. Over this range, the total area is within
2f of the minimum. Thus , rather than choose the tempera-
tures such that total network area is a minimu it is
better to select t
1
equal to 252F. At thi s value ex-
.
changer s 1 , 2 , and 3 carry the entire network heat load
and exchanger 4 is not necessary .
The above behavior is not unique to this example ,
but rather univer sal for networks involving streams in
temper atur e contention . I f no contention were present
the minimum area would be at one of the bounds of the
solution sur face. Recognition of thi s behavior is impor-
tant and does not seem to be mentioned in the literature .
In fact, several authors present " optimum" networks in
which one or more exchangers can be eliminated with only a
small effect on total area . This is the case with the
" optimized" network presented by Westbrook { 17 ) . The
example is studied in detail in Chapter V.
In an article on applying separ able linear program-
63
ming to the des ign of exchange networks , Ha ( 6) presents
the idea of combining four feasible networks into a s ingle
super network. This super network is then optimized and
Ha indicates that the unprofitable exchanger s should be
eliminated from the final optimized super network. How
ever , s ince Hwa relates network cost only to area, his
" optimum design" involves all of the thirteen exchanger s
present in the or iginal super network. The quasi-minimum
number of exchangers for this stream system is only five
and so it would appear that some of the exchangers could
be easi ly eliminated. Unfortunately, sufficient data are
not present in the article to check this hypothesis .
Another example from the literature that indicates
the flatness of the total area ver sus internal network
temper ature curve is due to Boas ( 1 ) . Fan ( 3 ) also cites
the same example which involves a ser ies of three heater s .
The optimum temperatures between stages are to be deter
mined. Boas presents the optimum temperature for stage
one to be 180 , while Fan computes 182 . Actually, the
difference is insignificant s ince between a temper ature of
150 and 205

F the network area changes less than 1%.

Wen networks involve streams that are split into
two or more branches , a decrease in total network area can
often be obtained by adj usting the br anch r ates . The
procedure is to propor tion larger flow r ates through the
l
b4
branches which have the smaller temper ature differences , .
S ince the br anch rates are not in equal proportion to the
heat load , this procedure is called dispropor tionate
str eam spl itting . In Figure lOC, the stream' s br anches
have been optimized . This is shown by the fact that the
outlet temper atur es of the two branches are not equal .
1. Over all Strategy
The goal of a des ign strategy i s to present a plan
of attack that will produce an economic des ign within the
applicable time and resource constraints . To aid this
des ign process , increas ingly wider use has been made of
digital computer s . Computer s are not as yet able to
synthesize designs effectively or show the imagination
necessary to spot an important design improvement, but
they are very valuable tools in network design . Computer s
can aid process des igner s by per forming the calculations
necessary to compare many different des igns and by check
ing the relative mer its of different des igns . Another im
por tant area where computer s can aid process des ign is in
calculating ideal or l imiting design cases . These three
uses of computer aid to process des ign are an integral
part of the overall design strategy for heat exchange
networks .
Figure |J presents the complete str ategy in terms
r-
Se l ect S t ream Sys tem
YES
Dete rmi ne
Q
uas i -M i n i mum
N umbe r of Heat Exchange rs
C a l cu l ate Op t i mum U t i l i ty Rates
an d M i n i mum Tempe rat u re of Approach
Based on C u r r en t Cos ts
Syn thesze Networ k U s i ng
Entha l p D i ag ram
F i g u re 1 3 Des i gn of Networ ks for Heat Exchange .
65
.
of a flow diagra. The strategy is interactive in the
sense that the engineer must make the design decisions
although the computer can advise him of the consequences
of the decisions .
66
CHAPTER V
CASE STUDIES IN HEAT EXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN
Studies on three different stream systems are
presented in this chapter . These systems were selected
from two ar ticles in the liter ature ( 10 , 17 ) and are in
cluded to i llustrate a wide var iety of design problems and
solutions . Most of the calculations for these examples
were done with the computer programs given in Appendix D.
Representative progr am output is given for each of the
examples in the appendix. Although the progr ams are some
what complex, they execute quickly and not more than
fifteen minutes computation time was r equired to calculate
all the cur ves , networks , and tables in this and the next
chapter .
A. Type D System of Four Process Streams
The fir st and s implest example is a Type D stream
system with four process streams and the avai labi lity of
steam and cooling-water as uti lities . The data are sum
mar ized in Table XIII .
Calculation of a feas ibil ity table ( shown in Appen
dix D) points out that both the steam and cooling-water are
needed i f a feasible network is to be constructed.
67
P roces s
S t reams
2
3
4
lH i l i ty
S t reams
S team
Coo l i ng
Wate r
TABL E X I I I
DATA FOR TYPE D SYSTEM O F FOU R P ROCESS STREAMS
Ref ( 1 0)
Capac i ty Rate Temperat u res ( 0 F) Hea t Load
c ( BTU/H r 0 F ) Q
{ MM BTU/H r )
1 4 , 450 . 1 40 . 320 . 2 . 60
1 6 , 667 . 320 . 200 . - 2 . 00
1 1
'
5 30 . 240 . 500 . 3 . 00
20 , 00 0 . 480 . 2 80 . - 4 . 00
Des c r i pt i on
S at u rated a t 5 40 F , La ten t heat
656 . 6 BTU/Lb .
U
1 50 . BTU/H rFt
2
F , except s team
a 1 1 s t ream
comb i na t i on s
hea te rs whe re U 200 . BTU/H r Ft
2
F .
68
Th i s water tempe rat u re i s h i gh enough to cause fou l i ng and
cor ros i on p rob l ems . Howeve r , for p u rposes of compa r i s on wi th
Lee ' s s tudy the va l ue was not changed .
69
Figure 14 summar izes the calculations for minimum util ity
requirements and minimum total network area . These calcu-
lations outline the feasible solution space for the system.
A numer of points on the boundary are indicated. Refer-
r ing to Figure 14 , any point above the curve is in the
feasible network space while it i s impossible to constr uct
a feasible network which would lie below the curve .
Lee , et al . ( 1 0) give some cost figures for heat ex-
changer area and for the utilities . Using the minimum area :
curve { Figure 14 ) plus their calculation method of ten
year s payout and 380 hrs/yr down time , an economic evalua
tion can be made for the optimum util ity r ates . The opti
mum steam r ate is about 0 . 26 M BTU/r with a sufficient
amount of cool ing-water to put the stream system into heat
balance . This corresponds to a minimum temperature of
approach ( a:
in
) of 2 . 5

F for the minimum area network .

This figure is quite low and is a direct result of the
high cost used for cooling-water ( $ 0 . 4 2/M lb) and steam
{ $1 . 0/M lb) . Figure 1 5 shows the economic analysis if
lower and probably more representative utility costs are
used . Note that the minimum temperature of approach ( e
:
in
" 5 to 10 F
0
) is still relatively low, indicating that Lee ' s
stipulated 20 F
0
temperature of approach is not an economic
choice for this stream system. The above discussion shows
how one type of economic analysis may be applied to the
Network
Area
( F t
2
)
900 .
Boo .
700 .
600 .
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
t I
I
I
I
I
Coo l i ng U t i l i ty (MM BTU/H r)
0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0
E 1 3 9 5 F0

+ +
m1 n
9
+
. 1 0 F 0
m1 n
0 A: E 5 9 . 20 F0
m 1 n
1 . 1 1 . 2
I I j l J l l _
l X i h X
J
uu .
0 . 2
r m

C
7
6
Cos t
(M $ /Y r)
3
2
0
0
Rate ( % above M i n i mum U t i l i t i es )
Tota l Cos t
5
5 0 1 00
M i n i mu m Network
Area and E 5 . )
U t i l i ty Cos t s
{ S team $ . 50/MLb , C . W. $ . 042/Mlb )
1 5 20
F i g u re 1 5 E ffect of Tempe ratu re of App roach
on Cos t s for Type D Sys tem Examp l e .
7 1
7 2
data given i n feas ible network space graphs .
An enthalpy diagram is presented in Figure 1 6 for
the example . A short study of the diagram wil l suggest a
pos s ible network involving five exchangers . Figure 17
shows how the network was constructed on the diagram.
Lee ' s constraint of 20 F
0
temperature of approach was main
tained so the synthes ized network could be compared to the
one presented in his article . The two networks are pre
sented in Figures 18 and 19 . Lee ' s network requires a
total of 759 ft
2
of heat exchanger area whi le the one
synthesized by the enthalpy diagram requires only 706 ft
2

Thi s is an 8% improvement and about 6 . 5% above the minimum
area. These two networks are shown on Figure 14 as points
A and B . Network B certainly seems to be within the j uxta
optimum region since five is also the quas i-minimum number
of exchangers for the stream system.
B . Type C System of S ix Process Streams
The second system example cons idered invo
l
ves some
of the streams around a crude disti ll ation unit and i s
taken from an article by Westbrook ( 17 ) . Table XIV gives
the pertinent stream data . Notice that the crude stream
has a large heat load compared to the other streams in the
system. Thi s is best appreciated by picturing the stream
data in an enthalpy diagram such as Figure 2 0 . The diagram
500
400
Tempe ratu re
{
O
F )
300
200
1 00
0 2
S team Tempe ratu re Leve l
} Range of
Coo 1 i n g-Wa te r
Tempe rat u re
3
4 5
En tha l py (MM BTU/H r)
F i gu re 1 6 En tha l py D i ag ram for Type D Sys tem Examp l e .
6 7

U
S team
500
400
Temperat u re
(
O
F)
300
200
1 00
0 1 2 3
4 5 6
7
En t hal py ( MM BTU/Hr )
F i g u re 1 7
Network Syn thes i s U s i ng En tha l py D i ag ram of Type D Sys tem Examp l e .

'
L
S t ream 3
S t ream 1
Cool i ng
Wa te r
S t ream 3
S t ream 1
Coo l i ng
Wate r
S t re
S t ream 4 S team
1 40 F
1 80 F
5 40 F
F i g u re 1 8 Networ k After Lee e t a l .
S t ream 2 S t ream 4
320 F 480 F
2 80 F
S team
500 F
1 80 F
F i g u re 1 9 Network Syn thes i zed Us i ng the E n th a l py D i ag ram.
75
P roces s
S t reams
Gaso 1 i ne
Ke ros i ne
Gas 0 i 1
Gas O i 1
Aspha l t
C rude
U t i l i ty
S t reams
2
F i red F u rna ce
TABL E X I V
DATA FOR TYPE C SYSTEM O F S I X P ROC E S S STREAMS
Ref ( 1 7)
Capaci ty Ra tes Temperat u res ( o F) Heat Load
C ( BTU/H r 0 F ) I n O u t
Q
(MM BTU/H r )
3 2 , 300 . 2 75 . 1 00 . -5 . 6
39 , 400 . 400. 1 00 . - 1 1 . 8
70 , 40 0 . 500 . 1 20 . - 26 . 7
220 , 000 . 550 . 350 . -44 . 0
22 , 500
.
675 . 1 50 . - 1 1 . 8
2 44 , 400 . 75 . 650 . 1 40 . 5
Des c r i pt i on
76
For pu rposes of compa r i son on an a rea bas i s , as s ume
heate r tempe rat u re 6 80 F & U 1 50 . BTU/H r Ft
2
F .
Coo l i ng-Wate r Tempe rat u res : I n l et 75 F , O u t l et 1 00 F .
U 75 . 0 BTU/Hr F t
2
F .
a l l s t ream
comb i n at i on s
makes it much easier to visual ize and remember stream
data .
7 7
Westbrook ' s article deals with the use of dynamic
programming to optimize heat exchange network . The network
he chose to optimize is given in Figure 2 1 . There are
several contradictions and error s in the temperature data
given in the article but the temper atures in Figure 21
appear to be those Westbrook intended.
The large number of different heat load loops in
the network makes for a complex optimization . Westbrook
did not include any unit costs for exchanger s and so all
of the exchanger s or iginally present are retained in the
network after his " optimization . " Actually, the network
has quite a few exchanger s ( 11) compared to the comple
mentary number (E 6
+
2 - 1 7) . Many modifications
could be made in the network to reduce the number of ex
changer s . As an example , exchanger #7 could be eliminated
from the network with negl igible effect on total heat
tr ans fer area .
Study of util ity and network ar ea requirements re
veals that the use of cooling-water is not even needed for
this stream system. Figur e 22 shows the information com
puted with the feasibil ity and minimum network area pro
grams . Notice that only enough heating to put the system
into heat balance is required. The economics of heating
800
700
Goo
soo
|
Temperat u re
( O =x 400
300 t
l
200
1 00 l
0
0
U t i l i ty Hea t Leve l
l 7
As ph a 1 t
I I
I /
C rude
Gaso I i ne I I I Gas O i 1 I
/
J
t
I
Cool i ng-Wate r
Tempe ra tu re R ange
50 1 00 1 50 200 25 0 300
E n th a l py (MM BTU/H r )
F i g u re 20 En tha l py D i ag ram for Type C Sys tem Examp l e .
~
U
C rude
75 F
Coo l i ng-Wa ter
75 f
Gaso l i ne
2 75 F
Ke ros i ne
400 F
Gas 0 i 1 1

500 F
Gas 0 i 1 2
5 50 F
F i gu re 2 1 Network Afte r Wes tb rook .
As pha l t
t
675 F
F i red
Fu rnace
650 F
~
U
Network
Area
( MF t
2
)
Coo l i ng U t i l i ty (MM BTU/H r )
28 { a
0

1 _ 1
\
2

2 4
20
1 6
l

A : E
I
f
I
I
I
I
6 , a . = 25 F0
m1 n
a . = 25 F 0
m 1 n
M i n i mum U t i 1 i ty
for Heat Ba l ance .
En t i re Locus
E
+
= 30 a
+
. = 25F0
'
mt n
C : E = l l ,
a . =
r
F
m t n
1 2
40 44 48 52 56 60
Hea t i ng U t i l i ty (MM BTU/Hr)
F i g u re 22 Feas i b l e Network Space of Type C Sys tem Examp l e .

C
and cool ing plus exchanger costs determine the amount of
uti lities that should be used . This will vary somewhat
from plant to plant and with time . However , the optimum
utilities can be quickly calculated from Figure 22 once
costs are established .
81
Westbrook' s network , identified by C on the figur e ,
uses a large amount of utilities . This is not necessary
and the enthalpy diagram can be used to construct a net
work without any cool ing water . Figure 23 shows such a
synthesis . The crude stream has been split into four
branches . Figure 24 pictures the network synthesized . The
relative sizes of the var ious crude stream br anches were
chosen to give exchangers of roughly equal temper atures of
approach . Actually, the optimization of the branch rates
would make a challenging problem for dynamic progr amming.
The network constructed is given in Figure 22 as point A.
It should be noted that the network only uses six
exchanger s . This is the quasi-minimum number , E " 6 + 1 -
1 " 6 . Actually , for a single sour ce or s ink stream
system the quasi-minimum number must also be the minimum
number . Thus , Figure 22 shows in points A and B the effect
of moving from the minimum number of exchanger s ( 6) to an
effective maximum of twenty-three .
700
600
500
Tempe rat u re
(
O
F )
400
300
200
1 00
0
0 2 5
C rude
B ranch
B
E
3
Gas
0 i 1
I
As
c
5 0 75 1 00
E n t h a l py ( MM BTU/H r )
Fu rnace
Tota l Crude
S t ream f rom
Summe r .
B ran ch 0
1 25 1 50
F i gu re 2 3 Network Syn thes i s Wi t h C rude S t ream D i vi ded i n to Fou r B ranches .
U
h
Gasol i ne Gas 0 i 1 2
B ranch A
.
75 F \ 1 .
1 26 F
\J 526 F
550 F
4 D |
*
B ran ch B
75 F 356 f
C ru
75 F
'1 20 u F e ros i ne
T
B ranch C
75 f
1 50
o
f \sooo F
448 f
Gas O i 1

B ranch D
=
75 F
F i gu re 2 4 Network Syn thes i zed Us i ng Entha l py D i ag ram.
484 F
650 F
U
U
c . Type D System of Six Process Streams
84
The final example in this chapter is another Type D
system from the article by Lee , et al . Table X gives the
stream information . This example is considerably more
complex than the first one presented . A temperature-
enthalpy diagram, Figure 25 , shows the large amount of
temper ature contention present
.
In any case , the feasible network space can be
determined and this gives an imediate idea of the inter-
relationships between required network area and uti lities .
Figure 26 shows that steam is required only if it is de-
sired to use more than the minimum amount of cooling-water .
Point D on the figure shows the minimum area network con-
structed without using any steam. The minimum area table
is given in Appendix D. It requires 25 heat exchanger s .
Any other network on the minimum area locus would require
29 exchanger s because of the addition of a steam stream.
Notice that in some of the examples given, E
+
and
+
a
m
in
stay constant over a wide r ange of utility r ates ,
while in others they vary considerably . The reason for
this behavior is that in some stream systems the util ities
are best used for heating or cooling the same process
streams over a wide r ange of uti lity r ates . However , for
other examples , the utilities might initially be best used
P roces s
S t reams
2
3
4
5
6
U t i l i ty
S t reams
S team
Coo l i ng
Wate r
TABLE XV
DATA FOR TYPE D SYSTEM O F S I X PROCESS STREAMS
Ref ( 1 0 )
Capac i ty Rate Tempe rat u res (0 F) Heat Load
C ( BTU/H r 0 F ) I n O u t Q
( MM BTU/H r )
1 6 , 000 . 1 00 . 430 . 5 . 28
28 , 000 . 440 . 1 50 . - 8 . 1 2
32 , 760 . 1 80 . 350 . 5 . 57
2 3 , 800 . 520 . 300 . - 5 . 24
26 , 350 . 200 . 400 . 5 . 27
33 , 600 . 390 . 1 50 . - 8 . 06
Des c r i pt i on
S at u rated a t 456 F , Lat ent heat 767 . 4 BTU/Lb .
Tempe rat u res : I n l e t 1 00 F , O u t l et 1 80 F
U
a l l
s t ream
1 50 . BTU/H rF t
2
F , except s team
comb i na t i on s
heate rs whe re U 200 . BTU /H rFt
2
F .
8 5
Th i s wate r tempe rat u re i s h i gh enough to cause fou l i ng an d
cor ros i on p rob l ems . Howeve r , for pu rposes of compa r i son wi t h
Lee 1 s s tudy t h e va l ue was not changed .
500
400
Tempe rat u re
(
O
F)
300
200
1 00
0
S team Tempe ra t u re Leve l
-- . - - - - -
Coo l i ng- {
Wate r
Range
2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2
Ent ha l py (MM BTU/H r)
F i g u re 25 En tha l py D i ag ram for S i x P roces s S t ream Type D Sys tem Examp l e .
1 4
U
O
Network
Area
Ft
2
)
2 . 5
2 . 3
2 . 1
1 . 9
Coo l i ng U t i l i ty (MM BTU/Hr )
6 . 0
A : E 6 a . 40 F 0
' m 1 n
B : E 5 9 40 F"
' m 1 n
I
I C : E 7 . a . 20F0
l
m t n
I
I
I
r 5 . 3 MM BTU /H r Coo l i n g .
I
M i n i mum U t i l i ty for
I
Heat Ba l ance .
I
|
_+
a
+
. 50 F0
- - -
m t n
1 ^

I
6 . 5 7 . 0
I
J

En t i re Locus
+ +
0 E 29 , 9 .
#
50 F
m t n

I
I

1 . 7
L
1 . 6 0 0 . 4 0 . 8 1 . 2
Heat i ng U t i l i ty ( MM BTU/Hr)
7 . 5
2 . 0 2 . 4
F i gu re 26 Feas i b l e Network S pace for S i x P rocess S t ream Type D Sys tem Examp l e .

~
88
for cer tain process streams , and then as utility r ate is
increased other process streams may also be exchanged with
the utilities .
Lee ' s " optimal .. network for the stream system con
tains seven exchanger s and is des ignated as point C in the
network space . Figure 27 pictures Lee ' s network. His
network uses one more than the quasi-minimum numer of ex
changers (E " 3
+
4 1 " 6 ) .
It is possible to construct a network using only
the quasi-minimum number of exchanger s with the aid of the
temperature-enthalpy diagr am. Such a network is presented
in Figure 28 and represented as point A on the feas ible
network space . However , note that Exchanger #3 is very
small and effects only a small temperature change . In
fact, the enthalpy diagr am
(
Figure 25 ) shows that the heat
loads of Streams | and 4 are most equal and Exchanger #3
j ust provides the small amount of additional heating
needed for Stream 1 .
Now i f it i s permissible to relax the constraint on
the exit temperature of Stream
|
by only 3 F
0
, Exchanger
#3 can be eliminated . Such a network is pictured in
Figure 29 . Te cool ing-water rate has been sl ightly in
creased to keep the system in heat balance so that all of
the exit temperatures except that for Stream 1 could be
maintained. Point B on Figure 26 shows that the cool ing
S t ream 1
Coo 1 i ng
Wat e r
S t ream 2 S t ream 4 S t ream 6
F i gu re 2 7 Ne twork Af te r Lee et a 1 .
89
1 80 F
S t ream 1
Coo 1 i ng-
l OO
o
F
Wate r
S t ream 6 S t ream 2 S t ream 4
1 srF
1 50 o F 1 50 F
9 0
400 F
1 80
F i g u re 28 Ne twork Synthes i zed Us i ng the En tha l py D i ag ram.
and heat transfer area requirement are changed only
sl ightly from the network in Figure 28 .
91
Reduction of the heat exchanger requirement to f ive
illustrates the need for inventivenes s on the part of the
proces s des igner. Strictly speaking, the minimum number
of exchangers is the quasi-minimum number for thi s example.
No source or s ink stream subsets are identically equal.
However, in practice the minimum number of exchangers can
be reduce to five and a network constructed. As to
whether or not network B i s the economic choice depends on
costs associated with the number of exchangers in a
network.
S t ream 3
S t ream 5
S t ream l
Coo 1 i ng-
Wate r
1 80 F
200 F
l 00 F
S t ream 2 S t ream 4
224 F
1 73 F
1 50 F
440 F 520 F
400 F
252 F
1 80 F
F i gu re 29 F i ve Exchange r Ne twork Pos s i b l e
Wi th Mod i f i ed Sys tem Res t r i ct i on s .
92
430
o
F)
CHAPTER VI
HEAT EXCHANGE NETORKS IN OPERATION
Configuration synthesis and s izing of the individual
elements is only par t of the information a process des ign-

er needs for a complete heat exchange network design. He

should also have a knowledge of the operating character-
istics of the network. This chapter attempts to answer
some of the many questions that the designer might have:
1 ) I s i t possible for a small process change to cause
dr astic changes in network per formance? 2 ) Which
elements of the network are most sensitive to change?
3 ) D a network ' s character istics help or hinder plant
operation?
A
.
Steady-State Response to Temperature Changes
The r ating method of Kays and London, discussed in
Chapter I I , can be used to determine the outlet tempera-
tures of a given heat exchanger as an explicit function of
inlet stream temperatures and stream rates . As an illus-
tration , assume an exchanger of known design in which the
sour ce stream has the smaller capacity r ate (C . ) . The
m1n
overall fluid heat balances may be wr itten as :
93
94
(
VI-1 )
From the definition o f efficiency in Equation II-9a , one
may also wr ite :
(
VI-2 )
If the above equations are combined , the resulting ex-
pressions for sour ce and sink sides of the exchanger are :
~C .
(
t
t
- t . >
m1n ou 1n source
C . e { t
m1n source in
(
C
min
/R) { t
out
- t
in
>
sink
- t
. k .
)
S1n 1n

c
min
e <t
source in
- t
s ink in
>
(
VI-3)
(
VI-4 )
After rearrangement , outlet temperatures are found ex-
plicitly:
t
out source

(
l - e) t
in source
+
et
in s ink
(
VI-5 )
t
out sink -
eRt
in sour ce
+ (
l - eR) t
in s ink
(
VI-6)
These equations are gener al in that they represent the
exchanger over varying ranges of temper ature and rate .
If the stream rates to a given exchanger are fixed,
both R and e become constants . Therefore , Equations VI-5
and 6 can be rewr itten to show deviations in outlet
temper ature from the des ign value :
F
P 7
t
out source
=
( l
-
e ) t
in sour ce
+ et
in sink
(VI-7 )
A / F
t
out s ink
eRt
in source
+
( l - eR) t
in s ink
(VI-8 )
where temperatures wr itten as " t" r epresent differences
from the design values , i . e .
t =
t
actual
-
t
des ign
Since numer ically the capacity rate ratio ( R) and
95
efficiency ( e) both must always be between 0 and 1 . 0 , any
changes made in the inlet temper atures of an exchanger
will appear diminished in terms of changes that occur in
the outlet temperatures .
Equations VI-7 and 8 can be rewr itten in the form:
^
A
t
out source
F
k
t
in source
+
G
k
t
in sink
e
out sink
A A
=
f
k
t
in source
+
g
k
t
in sink
(VI-9)
(VI-10)
where F
k
, f
k
, and g
k
are constants for a given ex
changer (k) and fixed stream rate ratio ( R} . The above
equations could also have been der ived by assuming the
s ink stream to have the smaller capacity rate .
Consider the portion of a heat exchange network
shown in Figure 3 0
. I f a change
t
1
, is made in the s ink
input to Exchanger #1 , the effect of the change throughout
the network can be determined as shown . Thus , the sensi
-
tivity of each temperature within and leaving a network
can be determined . Each of the factors F, f , G, and g is
Sou rce A
S i nk C
S i nk D
Sou rce S t reams
f
G
1 1
#
2
^
G
2
t
3
G
1
G
2
1
1
t
4
# #
P
#
t
6
#
F
3
t
4
G
I
G
2
F
3
t
l
S i n k

3
#
#
t
5
=
'
#
7
Sou rce B
t
4
S t reams
f
g
l
t
l
^

9
2
t
3
=
9 J 9
2
t
l
f
3
'
4
r
#
9
J
9
2
f
3
t
l
F i g u re 30 Tempe ratu re Dev i at i on s I n a Networ k.
96
97
is positive and must be less than 1 . 0 and so temperature
changes in the input to a network can only appear as
diminished changes of the same algebraic sign on network
outlet temper atures . It should also be noted that change
in network outlet divided by inlet change is a constant .
This constant is called the temperature sens itivity
factor .
Table XVI l ists temper ature sensitivity factors for
the network shown in Figure 19 (page 7 5 ) . Thes e factor s
were computed by subroutine SENSIT given in Appendix D.
To use the table , one simply finds the column of the stream
whose inlet temperature is var ied and the row of the out
let or intermediate temperature des ired. The factor at
the inter section of the row and column is the temper ature
sensitivity factor . The change in inlet temper ature is
multiplied by the sensitivity factor to determine the
change in outlet temperature . The reason for two factors
in row three of the table is that the steam supply to
Exchanger #5 was restr icted to the design value or less .
Table XVII gives an example of temper ature sens itivity
calculations . Note that the effect of two s imultaneous
changes can be simply added together to give the total
change .
A temperature sensitivity table is useful in deter
mining network operating character istics . Sensitive
# 1
#2
O u t l e t
#3
Tempe ra t u re
Factors
#4
c . w.
S team
t
l
I n te rn a 1
t
2
Temperat u re
Factors
t
3
t
4
TABLE XV I
TEMPE RATU RE SENS I T I V I TY FACTORS
FOR N ETWORK SHOWN I N F I GURE 1 9 .
S t ream Whose I n l et Temper at ure I s
# 1
. 1 39
0
#2 #3 #4
. 1 08

. 409_ 0 0
0
. 23 8
. 083
1
. 9 1 7
1
. 042
1 1

58
1 1
. 24 1 . 2 1 5
c . w.
. 34 1
0
0

Var i ed
S team
0
0
. 5oo
O"
0
. 327 0 0 . 473

0
0 0 0 0 0 l . O
. 379 . 62 1 0 0 0 0
. 56 3 . 438 0 0 0 0
0 0 . 528 . 4
72 0 0
0 0 . 083 . 9 1 7 0 0
1
I nd i ca tes factor to use i f i n l e t decreases
i n tempe rat u re .
1
1
I nd i cates factor to use i f i n l et i ncreases
i n temper a t u re .
98
99
TABL E XV I I
EXAMPLE CALCULAT I ON US I NG TEMPERATURE SENS I T I V I TY FACTORS
7
S i mu l at i on T Ca l cu l a ted F rom Sens i t i v i ty Factors
S t ream Due to - 1 0 F0 D ue to + 1 0 F0 Tot a l C a l c. "
7
T
out
Chan ge i n # 1 C h an ge i n #2 Change Bot h C hanges
- 1 . 39 + 1 . 08 -0 . 3 1 - 0. 3 1
2 -2 . 50 +4 . 09 + 1 . 59 + 1 . 59
3 0 0 0 0
4 - 3 . 06 +2 . 3 8 -0 . 68 -0 . 68
c . w. - 2 . 00 +3 . 2 7 + 1 . 27 + 1 . 27
A
t
l - 3 . 79 +6 . 2 1 +2 . 42 +2 . 42
P
t
2
- 5 . 63 +4. 38 + 1 . 25 + 1 . 2 5
7
t
3
0 0 0 0
t
4
0 0 0 0
100
points in a network can be quickly identified by looking
for the largest factors in the table . It is also quickly
seen where a change will produce no effect on a given
stream temperature ( zero sensitivity factor ) .
B. Steady-State Response to Capacity Rate Changes
For a double-pipe heat exchanger of fixed design,
efficiency can be expressed in terms of stream r ates .
Combining Equations II-10 and II-12a gives :
e "
1 . 0 - exp
U
A
/
C
min
-
UA
/
C
max
C
min
/
C
max
- exp
UA
/
C
min
-
U
A
/
C
max
( VI-11 )
Thus , efficiency i s a r ather complex function of individual
stream rates . Because of this complexity it i s impossible
to wr ite a simple formulation l ike Equations VI-9 and 10
for the r ate effect on temperature for an individual heat
exchanger . Moreover , for the second and subsequent ex-
changers in a ser ies , input temper ature as well as r ate
wil l change . Qualitatively, network temper ature changes
vary directly with source stream r ate changes whi le they
vary inversely with sink stream rate changes .
To determine quantitatively the effect of rate
changes , it was necessary to use the s imulation program
SENSIT descr ibed in Appendix D. Table XIII shows the
effect of r ate changes on the network shown in Figure 19
^
T
out
(
F
o
)
# 1
#2
#3
#4
c . w.
t
1

t
2
t
3
'
4
TABLE XV I I I
RATE SENS I T I V I TY O F NETWORK S HOWN I N F I GURE 1 9 .
S t ream # 1
|
|
- 1 0% - 5 %

I
7 . 04 3 . 53
1 . 1 2 . 53
0 0
7 . 0 1 3 . 4 1
. 89 . 43
1 . 69 . 81
6 . 58 3 . 1 6

0 0

0 0
I
+5% + 1 0%

- 3 . 5 1 - 6 . 99
- . 49 - . 93
.
0 0
- 3 . 22 - 6 . 75
- . 39 - . 75
.

- . 74 - 1 . 4 1
- 2 . 94 - 5 . 67
0 0
'
0 0
l
S t ream #2
- 1 0%

- 5% +5%
- 0 . 39 -0 . 1 9 0 . 1 7
- 8. 58 - 4 . 1 6 3 . 92
0 0 0
- . 87 - . 4 1 . 38
- 4 . 48 - 2 . 1 5 2 . 0 1
-6 . 05 - 2 . 90 2 . 69
- 1 . 59 - . 7
9 69
1
0 0 0
0 0 0
l
S t ream #3
+ 1 0% - 1 0% -5% +5% + 1 0%
I
0 . 33 7 . 1 1 3 . 45 - 3 . 24 -6 . 27
7 . 60 0 0 0 0
1
0 5 . 86 2 . 99 - 5 . 29 - 1 0 . 5
" -I
. 72 4 . 30 2 . 09 - 1 . 96 - 3 . 79
t
3 . 87 0 0 0 0
s . 1 7 0 0 0 0
.
1 . 32 0 0 0 0
0
9 . 44 4 . 58 - 4 . 29 - 8 . 3 2
0 6 . 25 3 . 22 - 3 . 36 -6 . 88
t l
- 1 0%
- 1 1 . 3
0
- 3 . 23
- 1 1 . 1
1
0
0
0
- 1 2 . 0
1
- 3 . 23
l
S t ream #4
-5% +5%
- 5 . 46 5 . 1 0
|
0 0
f
- 1 . 49 . 64
- 5 . 47 5 . 3 1
0 0
l
0 0
0 0
- 5 . 77 5 . 34
- 1 . 49 1 . 28
I
+ 1 0%
9 . 87
0
1 . 20
1 0 . 4
0
0
0
1 0 . 3
2 . 40
I
C
I
102
(page 75 ) . Per centage stream rate change is listed at the
top of each column . Each row in the table corresponds to
an internal or outlet stream temperature change . Notice
that most of the temperature changes are reasonably l inear
over the -10% to +10% r ate r ange . As with temperature
sensitivity , the most sensitive parts of a network can be
determined quickly by looking for the largest numer s in
the table . Notice that the temperature sensitivity and
the rate sens itivity of a network are not the same .
Generally, the network outlet temperature of a stream is
more sens itive to a change in its ow rate and less sensi
tive to a change in its input temperature than are the
other streams in the network.
Table XIX shows an example of computing the effect
of multiple r ate changes from the s ingle rate change data .
The results do not agree identically with the temper ature
changes computed by the simulation calculation for the
simultaneous changes , but they are close enough for
practical purposes .
C . Time Varying Responses
Transient response of individual heat exchangers is
a very complex subj ect . The response depends not only on
the fluids flowing but also on exchanger geometry and
mater ials of construction. In their book, Kays and
103
TABLE X I X
EXAMPLE CALCULAT I ON US I NG RATE SENS I T I V I TY TABLE
T Ca l cu l a ted From Rate Sen s i t i v i t i es S i mu l at i on
S t ream D ue to -5% Due to +5% Tota l Ca l c . 1
f Change i n # 1 Change i n #2 Change Both Changes
out
3 . 53 0 . 1 7 3 . 68 3 . 68
2 0 . 53 3 . 92 4 . 45 4 . 45
3 0 0 0 0
4 3 . 4 1 0 . 38 3 . 79 3 . 78
L 0 . 43 2 . 0 1 2 . 44 2 . 42
1
1
0 . 8 1 2 . 69 3 . 50 3 . 47
1
2
3 . 1 6 0 . 69 3 . 85 3 . 86
t
3
0 0 0 0
t
4
0 0 0 0
104
London devote a chapter to the summary of 18 trans ient
response problems that have appeared in the literatur e .
The solution to the problems are presented i n terms o f
dimensionless quantities , much l ike those used in the ex
changer r at ing calculation procedure . Common to the solu
tion of all of these problems i s the fact that the dynamic
response of individual exchangers to step changes i s
overdaped, i . e . no oscillations occur .
Additionally, the govern ing differential equations
are said to be l inear within the usual ideal izations .
Thus , the temper ature response to any perturbations other
than a step function can be obtained by linear dynaic
techniques . Because each individual exchanger tends to
damp out vari ations in temperature , any network wil l also
tend to damp out var iations . Actually, in a highly inte
grated network, var iations are quickly dissipated s ince
each exchanger spreads the change to more s treams and
consequently reduces its effect.
CHPTER VIII
CONCLUSIONS
This disser tation presents a comprehensive approach
to the problem of des igning economic optimum heat exchange
networks . The design strategy developed can be effective
ly used in a computer-aided industr ial des ign environment.
Practical examples i llustr ate the use and flexibility of
the var ious techniques which comprise the strategy.
To elucidate the problem of network des ign, it i s
necessary t o consider the l imiting conditions or bounds
thermodynamics places on the construction of networks .
From a compar ison of good network des igns and the bounding
conditions , it becomes apparent that intangibles and data
uncertainties can become deciding factor s in the economic
optimization of heat exchange networks . Thi s uncertainty
in the position of " the optimu11 makes any network des ign
within the bounds of the j uxta-optimum r egion optimum
from an economic point of view.
105
REFERENCES
1 . Boas , A. H. , " Optimization Via Linear and Dynamic
Programing, " Chemical Engineer ing, 7 0, No. 4 , 85-88
(1963 } .
2 . Brooke , M. , "Water , " ehemical Engineer ing, 1.' No . 12 ,
135-138 (1970) .
3 . Fan , L. T . , and C. S . Wang, The Discrete Maximum
Pr inciple, John Wiley & Sons;nc . , New York, 1964 .
4 . Gazzi , L. , and R. Pasero, 11 Process Cooling Systems , "
Hydrocarbon Processing, 49 , No. 1 0 , 83-90 (1970) .
5 . Happel , J. , Chemical Process Economics , John Wiley &
Sons , Inc . , New York, 1958 .
6 . Hwa, C. 5. , " Application of Math Models in Ch. E .
Research, Design, and Production, 11 A. I . Ch. E . Ins .
Chem. Engr s . , 4, Paper 4 . 12 , London Meeting, 83 -88
(June , 1965)
7 . Kays , W. M. , and A. L. London, Compact Exchang
ers , 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co . , New York,
1964 .
8 . Kern , D. Q. , Process Trans fer , McGraw-Hill Book
Co . , New York, 1950 .
9 . Kesler , M. G. , and P . . Parker , . Optimal Networks
of Heat Exchange , " Chem. Eng. Progr . Symposium
Ser ies , 65 , No . 92 , 111-120 (1969) .
10 . Lee, K. F. , A. H. Masso, and D. F. Rudd, u Branch and
Bound Synthesis of Integrated Process Designs ,
E . C. Fundamentals , 9 , No . 1 , 48-58 (1970) .
11 . McCabe, W. L. , " Use of Availability in Process Steam
Cost Accounting Pr actice , " Trans . A. I . Ch . E . , 28 ,
No . 1 , 141-161 (193 2) .
-
106
107
1 2 . Monroe , L. R. , " Steam, " Chemical Engineering, 7 7 , No.
12 , 130-134 (197 0) .
13. Nelson , W. L. , Petroleum Refinery Engineering, 4th
Edit ion , McGraw-Hill Book Co . , New York, 1958 .
14 . Paige , P . M. , .. cost lier Cooling Toers Require a New
Approach to Wat er-systems Design , " Cemical
Engineering, 74 , No. 7 , 93-98 (1967 ) .
15 . Perry, John , ed . , Cemical Engineers Handbook, 4th
Edit ion , McGaw-Hill Book co. , New York , 1963.
16 . Peters , M. s . , and K. D. Timerhaus , Plant Desig
Economics Chemical Engineers , McGraw-Hill Book
co . , New York, 1968 .
17 . Westbrook, G. T. , use This Method t o Size Each
Stage for Best Operat ion , Hydrocarbon Processing and
Petroleum Refiner , 40, No. 9 , 201-206 (1961) .
18 . Wistler , A. M. , Heat Exchangers as Money Mker s , "
Petroleum Refiner , 27 , No. 1 , 83-86 (1948) .
A P P E N D I C E S
108
APPENDIX A
GLOSSARY
Single Strea Terms
Stream Interaction Terms
System and Network Terms
109
||
This glossary contains the special terms and
phr ases used in this dissertation . It was necessary to
define these specialized terms s ince there is at present
no specific vocabulary in the literatur e that can be used
to descr ibe some of the concepts developed. The glossary
i s divided into three sections with the terms in each
section listed alphabetically .
SINGLE STREA TERMS
INTERNAL STREAM TEMPERATURE - stream temperature that
occur s within the heat exchange network . Thi s would
usually be at some temperature between the terminal
stream temperatures .
SIN STREA - a process or utility stream that acts as a
heat s ink in a heat exchange network, i . e . a stream
that is heated in the network .
SOURCE STREAM - a process or utility stream that is a
sour ce of heat in a heat exchange network , i . e . a
stream that is cooled in the network .
TERMINAL STREAM TEPERATURES - the initial and final
stream temperatures . These are given for each
process and utility stream when the stream system
is defined.
SPLITTING A STREA - dividing a stream into two or more
branch streams as illustrated below.
B
Note : T
t
i s
ou
111
A
T.
1 n
determi ned by an
entha l py ba l ance
a roun d the s umme r .
c
Figure A-1 . A Typical Two-way Stream Split .
SPLITTING THE HET LOA OF A STREA - exchanging heat
between two streams more than once within a heat
exchange network as illustrated below.
B c B
A
c
Figure A-2 . A Typical Stream Heat Load Split .
112
STREAM INTERACION TERS
HEAT EXCHNGER DESIGN CALCULATION - detexmining the axea
xequixed fox a heat exchangex so that the souxce and
sink stxeam tempexatuxes change ovex a specified
x ange . The tempexatuxes axe consistent with an
enthalpy balance that gives the amount of heat to be
tx ansfexxed.
HEAT EXCHANGER RATING CALCULATION - detexmining the stxeam
outlet tempex atuxes and the amount of heat txansfexxed
in a heat exchangex of a given design ( axea fixed)
with known stxeam inlet tempex atuxes . A convenient
dixect calculation xating method is the txansfex unit
efficiency method of Kays and London .
POTENTIAL HEAT FLU - between any souxce and sink stxeam
thexe exists a potential heat flux given by:

=
( dq/dA)
=
U

9
=
U ( t
soux ce
- t
sink
)
.
Fox tx ansfex
of heat fxom the souxce to the sink , this flux must
of coux se be pos itive .
PROCESS-PROCESS EXCHNGE - heat exchange involving only
pxocess stxeams .
PROCESS-UTILITY EXCHANGE - heat exchange involving pxocess
and utility stxeams .
STREAM CONTENTION - contention occux s in a stxeam system
i f two souxce stxeams have the same potential heat
flux with xespect to the same poxtion of a given s ink
||J
stream. Troughout the r ange of the contention the
two source streams will be able to supply heating
to the sink at the same cost in terms of area.
Contention can also exist for two sink streams and
a single source or for sever al streams of each type .
TEMPERATURE CONTENTION - the simpli fied case of stream
contention where the effect of the overall heat
trans fer coefficient (U) i s not cons idered. Two or
more source streams are in temper ature contention
with each other i f they are available for heat ex
change over a comon temperature interval . Sink
streams can also be in temperature contention .
TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY FACTOR - for a heat exchange net
work or an individual heat exchanger the temper ature
sens itivity factor is the ratio of the change in a
given outlet temperature to the change made in a
given inlet temper ature .
SYSTEM AD NETWORK TERMS
FEASIBLE NETWORK - a feas ible heat exchange network is one
which does not violate any system restr ictions or
network constraints .
HEAT EXCHNGE NETWORK - the network descr ibes in detail
the arrangement of cooler s , heat exchanger s , heater s ,
and furnaces that permit interaction between various
114
streams in the stream system.
BAT LOAD LOP - a term used to descr ibe a closed path that
must exist in a heat exchange network if for a f ixed
stream system, the network area can be changed by
alter ing only internal temperatures and
/
or branch
str eam r ates . The loop must start at one exchanger
and return to that same exchanger by following stream
paths . The loop may change from following the path
of one stream to that of another only at heat ex
changer s . In both o f the networks illustr ated below,
a loop can be made through exchanger s 1 , 3 , 4 , 2 and
back to exchanger 1 .
D
c
Figure A-3 . Two Heat Load Loops .
115
JTA-OPTIM REGION - that r egion of the feasible solu
tion space , which because of data uncertainties
and intangibles is as good as the optimum for design
purposes . Any attempt to refine a design beyond this
near optimal region i s not economically j usti fied
because the mathematical model used in the optimiza
tion s imply does not describe the real solution
space (or system) any more accurately .
MINLMU AREA NETWORK - for a specified stream system, a
network in which the total heat trans fer area ( A
*
}
is a minimum.
MINIMM
U
TILITY STREAM SYSTEM - a stream system composed
of a given set of process streams plus the minimum
amount of uti lities required to establish a system
heat balance and to insure the existence of a
feasible network .
NETWORK CONSTRAINT - any specification or requirement
imposed on the constr uction of a network . Typically,
such " explicit" constraints as minimum temperature of
approach in an exchanger are specified . Other expli
cit constr aints could be : no spl itting of a stream,
or no spl itting of the heat load of a stream. How
ever , some constr aints , such as those of the fir st
and second laws of thermodynamics are " impl ied"
constraints for all networks .
116
QUASI-MINIMUM NBER OF HEAT EXCHAGERS - str ictly def ined
as E M + N - 1. S ignificance of E is that it is the
minimum number of heat exchangers required to con
struct a feasible network from source and s ink stream
sets that are linear ly independent . That i s , no
sour ce stream subset is identically equal in magni
tude to any sink stream subset . For such a system
there must be a minimum of M + N 1 heat exchanger s .
STREAM SYTEM - the combination of the given process
streams and the chosen amounts of available utilities
as given by the system restr ictions . Stream systems
can be classified into four bas ic types depending on
the number of source and s ink process streams .
Actually , any stream system can be subdivided into
two parts : source streams and s ink streams (both
parts may include utilities ) . The function of the
heat exchange network is to e ffect the exchange of
energy between these two par ts of the stream system.
SYSTE RESTRICTIONS - l imitations imposed upon the flow
system at the system-surroundings boundary . Re
str ictions for process streams are stream rates , heat
capacities , and inlet and outlet temper atures . In
let and outlet temperatures and at times stream
rates are restr ictions for utility streams .
APPENDIX B
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON
HEAT EXCHNGE NETORKS
Network Synthesis
Network Optimization
117
118
An extensive search of the engineer ing l iterature
( including NASA publications) was conducted . Thi s search
showed that a relatively small numer of articles dis-
cussed heat exchange networks . These articles are l isted
below in two groups .
NETWORK SYNTHESIS
1 . Kes ler , M. G. , and P . o. Parker , "Optimal Net
works of Heat Exchange . Cher. Enq. Proqr .
Sympos ium Ser ies , 65 , No . 92 , 111-120 ( 1969) .
General discussion of network synthesis
using a modified assignment algor ithm. The
technique breaks each network stream into
units of 1 M BT
U
and operates on these
units . One example is given.
2 . Lee, K. F. , A. H. Masso, and D. F. Rudd, " Br anch
and Bound Synthes is of Integrated Process
Designs , 11 I. & E. c. Fundamentals , ., No . l ,
48-58 ( 1970) .
A technique to structure and optimize
heat exchange networks . Severe network
restrictions are r equired to reduce the number
of possible networks to a manageable number .
Three Type D system examples are given .
3 . .asso, A. H. , and D. F. Rudd, " The Synthesis
of System Des igns : II . Heur istic Structur ing,
11
A. I . Ch. E. Journal , 15 , No. 1 , 10-17 ( 1969 ) .
A tr ial and error technique for structur ing
systems . Three Type D system examples are
given.
4 . Paige, P .M. , " Costl ier Cool ing Towers Require
a New Approach to Water -Systems Des ign , " Chemical
Engineer ing, 74 , No . 7 , 93 -98 { 1967 ) .
1 19
A tr ial and error approach for str uctur ing
a circulating water system. Effect of cool
ing tower cost is also included . One example
illustrates the technique .
5 . Rudd, D. F. , " The Synthesis of System Des igns :
I . Elementary Decomposition Theory, " A. I . Ch. E .
Journal , 14 , No . 2 , 343-349 { 1968 ) .
A mathematical approach to synthesizing a
network for a simple stream system. The s ingle
example given is largely in terms of
generalized symbols .
6 . Whistler , A. M. , " Heat Exchangers as Money
Maker s , " Petroleum Refiner , 27 , No. 1 , 83-86
( 1948 ) .
This article discusses the economics for
one process-process exchanger . However , the
end of the article br iefly mentions the
temper ature-enthalpy diagram and illustrates
its use with a Type C stream system.
NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
1 . Boas , A. H. , "Optimization Via Linear and
Dynamic Programming , " Chemical Engineer ing, 70 ,
No . 4 , 85-88 ( 1963 ) .
Thi s article illustr ates use of dynamic
programming applied to a network with three
exchanger s .
2 . Happel , John, Chemical Process Economics ,
John Wiley & Sons , Inc . , New York, 1958 .
Thi s book contains an excellent summary
of the l iterature on optimiz ing networks
through the use of calculus . All of these
optimizations are limited to one or two
exchanger s .
120
3 . Hwa, c. s . , " Application of Math Model s in Ch. E.
Research, Design, and Production, .. A. I . Ch . E .
Ins . Cher. Engrs . 4 , Paper 4 . 12 , London Meeting,
83-88 (June 1965 ) .
General discussion of separable l inear
progrOing . Technique is applied to one
large (many exchanger ) network. However , in
sufficient data prohibits detailed analysis
of the results .
4 . Jenssen, s . K. , " Heat Exchanger Optimization, "
Chemical Engineer ing Progress , 65 , No . 7 ,
59-66 ( 1969 ) .
This article discusses the optimization
of pressure drop in a heat exchanger . Ex
changer cost appears to be relatively insensi
tive to pressure drop.
5 . Rudd, D. F. , and c. C . Watson , Str ategy of
Process Engineer ing, John Wiley & Sons , Inc . ,
New York , 1968 .
A section of thi s text ( pp. 93-97 ) discusses
optimization of the exchangers sur r ounding a
distillation column . Not enough stream data
is presented to permit synthes is of alternate
networks .
6 . Takamatsu , T . , I . Hashimoto , and H. Ohno ,
"Optimal Des ign of a Large Complex System from
the Viewpoint of Sensitivity Analys is , " I . &
E. C . Process Design and Developments , No. 3 ,
368-37 9 ( 1970) .
A mathematical approach to optimization
of a single network ( Type D system) .
Essentially, a multidimens ional sensitivity
analysis .
7 . Westbrook, G. T . , "Use This Method to Size
Each Stage for Best Operation , " Hydrocarbon
Process ing & Petroleu Refiner , 4 0 , No. 9 ,
201-206 ( 1961) .
General
progr aming .
some detail .
the text and
difficult to
discuss ion of the use of dynamic
To examples are presented in
Several inconsistencies between
figures makes the examples
interpret.
121
APPENDIX C
SUPPORTING REASONING FOR FEASIBL SOLUTION
SPACE BOUNDING ALGORITHS
Minimum Area Networks
Quasi-Minimum Number of
Heat Exchangers
122
123
MINIM
U
M AE NTORK
For a two stream system the best possible heat
exchange " network" is a counter -current arrangment as
show in Figure C-1 .
Temp .
Entha l py
Figure C-1 Counter-Curr ent Heat Transfer .
The advantage of such a stream arrangement i s that each
differential element of sour ce heat is transferred to the
s ink temperature level where it will give the larges t
temper ature difference . I f the source stream in the
above system was replaced by two streams ( Figure C-2)
'Temp .
S i nk
En tha l py
A
Figure C-2 Three Stream Counter-Current Heat Transfer .
124
there would be no essential difference in the bes t network
for the system. Counter -current is still the best possible
arrangement for such a s ituation .
However , i f temperature contention were present a
different problem would result . Figure C-3 shows a
system with temperature contention .
Temp .
En tha l py
Figure C-3 Three Stream System
with Temperature Contention .
Over the r ange of the contention sources A and B can both
del iver heating to the sink with the same dr iving force
(temperature difference ) . Therefore , i f a simple ser ies
flow arrangement were used, some of the value of source
B ' s temper ature level would be lost . I f for the range of
temperature contention, both streams could deliver heat
to the same level s ink, then full advantage could be
taken of both streams A and B. A flow arrangement to
do this is shown in Figure C-4 .
125
A
S i n k I n S i nk O u t
B
Figure C-4 Minimum Area Network .
This arr angement is the minimum area network for the
three streams .
QUASI-MINIM NUMBER OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
It is difficult to show that it i s always possible
to construct a feasible network with the quasi-minimum
number of heat exchangers for a feasible stream system.
However , a wor st case analys is can be used to illustrate
the line of reasoning.
Figur e c-5 shows a feasible stream system. The
source streams are j ust e
min
above the sink stream in
temperature level . Te only feasible network for such a
system involes the quasi-minimum number of exchangers
arranged in ser ies .
Temp .
En tha l py
b .
m 1 n
c
Figure C-5 A Stream System Which Requires
Heat Exchangers in Ser ies .
Figure c-6 also shows a feas ible stream system.
126
However , in this case the two source streams change over
the same temper ature level . Again the source str eam
terminal temperatures are j ust 9
min
above the sink stream.
The only feasible network for such a system involves the
quasi-minimum number of exchanger s arranged in par allel .
Temp . c
En tha l py
Figure C-6 A Stream System Which Requires
Heat Exchangers in Parallel .
c
127
Analysis of the requirements for feasibility shows
that all feasible stream systems fall between these two
worst cases . Hence, it i s always possible to construct
a feasible network with the quasi-minium number of heat
exchangers .
APPENDIX D
AUTOMTION OF HEAT EXCHANGE
NETWORK CALCULATIONS
128
129
This appendix is composed of a ser ies of tables .
The FRTRAN IV computer progras used for network calcu
lations are given. Also , saples of the output for the
three examples presented in Chapter V are included.
The MAIN computer program (Table D-I ) is an
executive program that controls the network calculations .
The calculations can be divided into three basic types :
1 ) Determining network bounds , 2 ) Des igning or sizing
exchangers for networks , and 3 ) Simulating the effect of
temperature and/or rate changes on networks . Listed
below are the functions of each subroutine .
PSDATA - Reads problem and str eam data and per forms
some initial calculations , such as
temperature and enthalpy changes .
BALNCE - If requested this subroutine puts the
stream system into heat balance . If all
r ates are given, it changes the r ate of the
stream with the biggest heat load to put
the system exactly in balance . Alternately,
if a r ate is left unspeci fied, it will be
calculated.
DELTA - This function subprogr a calculates the log
mean aver age of its two arguments .
RANGE - This routine determines temper ature r anges
for the group of sour ce or sink streams .
130
MINY - This subroutine calculates the feasibility
table for a given stream system and
temper ature of approach. It then determines
the utility requirement and if r equested
AMIN
it includes the necessary utilities in the
stream system.
This subroutine calculates minimum network
area using the concept of temperature
contention .
CONFIG - Reads and designs user specified networks
of heat exchangers . It controls the
operation of the next four subroutines .
PATH The calculation order for CONFIG to use in
des igning the user specified network is
determined by this subroutine .
EXCBG - Beat exchanger des ign calculations are done
with this subroutine when it is called by
CONIG.
DIVIDE - This subroutine calculates the rates in any
user specified branch streams .
SUM - Stream branches are su ed in this sub-
routine. Sumer outlet temper ature is
determined by enthalpy balance .
SENSIT - Network r ate and temper ature sensitivity
calculations are supervised by this
subroutine . Like CONIG i t requires the
use of PATH, SU, and DIVIDE.
NTUCA - Heat exchanger r ating or s imulation
calculations are done by this subroutine
when it is called by SENSIT.
Tables D-II through D-XIV give the sour ce programs for
each of the above subroutines .
|J |
Typical program output for thr ee examples is pre
sented in Tables D-XV, D-XVI , and D-XVIII . The output is
largely self-explanatory and shows the extent to which
network calculations have been automated for this re
sear ch. P impor tant feature is that the pr intout format
var ies to suit the requirements of the var ious types of
str eam systems and network des igns .
HB l V
0001
0002
0003
OOll
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0001
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1ALE D~T XFCUTIVE CDNUTR PRDCR
nUcL h P; VERS !ON 3, Lt VEL J 0A IE THU HAY 1 3 t \ f
In5 l 5 THE MAI N PRRAM FUR CALCULA T I ONS ON OPT I MUM NEYCRK fOR
lUT fXCiANIE THE I'ROiRAM SCL EC 1> SUUOU1 1 Nl S TO PE RF QRM CALCULATI ONS
DI )! R! Ao SPLCI Fl t IN THt ARHAY "LEr l' 1 bc PROuRAI ALSO .UP. RVlSE $
llAOlN( L Tnc VAUOUS PHASES I N THE : OMPUTATl uNAl SCHE!t. SitRCUT I NE
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CARJ S MUS t it U!Eu .
PnaS :Ub.OUT Hlt S
PAGE 000 1
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t l T l EN UX E. HJ hMANN ~- u. S. C. CHcM. LN+ DEPT, ~~ 1 97.
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1 1
rau PRon AN0 HL OAT A. LEAVE IS A FLAG T O J NUI CATE ENO OF DATA
L4t LOA01. '8 ' I
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l r l.t. l. AIt.l\. l l !O TU 30
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C.U. blATl ftA.SH l l ll TY , UT l l l f Y , A.NO N NIHUM AR EA I NiORMAT lON
l l(LHI 2 l NI . OI CA LL Ml NUfY
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t I t.< " l .Tt t+ l
lH .NO f . l lrl fEiU . El. O. 01 . MlEk.EQ, 8I GO1O 20
L J Au AO, C.ALCUL ATE USfR C. U fi GURAT ION ANO PERFORH SEN S I TI VI TV $JUDY'
I EI Lt T I 4l tl. Ol GO TO 10
<3 LA&L LuAul 6
fAkL CuhFlG
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HODEL 4 P> VER:'f,o-n.lOUTf lSA MA Y 1 3, 1 911
!LKC LJ J N :OAT A
TI 1 S .Utthl UTl NE RE AI I tt PROaLE M ANO STREAM DAT A AND
CAlULAT ES SUt OF THf PREL I M INARY ! NF URA T I ON REQUJ REI .
hH LN bV L o HOHMA1<N -- U . S . C. \HtM. Lo CtPT . "" l 9I 0
LMON/d L2/50URtE i l O , OO , SI NK i l 0, 8l t NORLE t h!l NK ,HS OKCE ,HS l .K
LLrLmuL11 J Tt1o U :AV Eo i. cI 4 l , PNAME I 10 I t TEMPI 7 l , Thl Nt Ul 10 t l Ol
(C;Mth/tlK3/ I Aux, AvX I 2 ,8 1
LuuuL c PREL I ! ION fMT i ll , FMT l l l Ol
OAT A f MT I 1 1 o F IT i l l , fM f . U l l l tHi l H+ o itl, T l l o ' l ' o 6H/I J
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lStl , T 47 , 7 1 t cri t T 53, ' 6' , 8, r 59, ' 9 ' , 8H o T65o ' O ' , IH /
L0 I i "3 t l l
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PA GE 0001
6
************************************************ ***
c
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L* *
c READ LPT ! Ch: AiR A' NAMIO L ET . I F LE Tl I I =0- 00 NOT CALL SU8ROUT I hE I *
1* 1Ht: I =I I tAlNlt I IIM 41 1 l=2 I S M lNUT V l LM 42 1 *
L+ 1 =3 I AM l N I C LM 43) 1 * I S CCNf i G I CL 44 1 *
L MI N T IMP: Of APPRUAlH < ClMS 47- 50 , 52- 5 51 '-o01 62-65, *
c
l******t
'
C
8c 4 l > - I 0- Lnu=2 00 l PNAME o LET , T E MP
10 fOW4 AT I 1 0A40 4 U, lX , 71 lX, t 4. 0l l
WR IT E I 6 t l l l
1 1 FOK.'A Tl l ti l l
CtL HMLN
R I H : I < o l 2 l P fME
2 f\hMA I l ll!O , Tb t l 5 I ' * 1 o HfAJ I XCHANGE NEhORK CALCUIAT l Ot! ' ,
1 1 1 ' * ' l i/ T 5 t ' PR06L M )T ATtMENT FOR ' t l0A4/ / l
c ******************** ********** ** * ******** ****** *********
+
* 8LJ UuRCE S TKEAM I NfOKMAT l uN AND UVfRALL heAT T RANS CuEffJC l EN T S *
C* S l R tAM NAM I C LM$ 1-8 *
C* .A Tt l l.l/ Hil l CUt! V" L>

C* ! WJ 1l L Tt P I F ) C Ub 20-24
*
L* t NAL TeMP ( F l I LM! 2 5- 29

C* HiA l CAPAC l T V ! LM: 30-34

L* HEA T TRAN:. COEF F ' S LLM: '0-42 ,44-4b ,48 , ! 0 ,

*
0
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*
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C* *
C* NOH: - U " O F OR EACH :O!CE - SI NK :TRtAM COMBI I ATI ON ARE 6! v6b CN THE *
L* SCUKCE S T REAM lARO: .SO FJ8 oTREAMS THA T VAPORI tf OR CONOEN SE t THE
*
C* I NI T I A L A Nu F l NA L rMPEKATlJRt S ARE IQU A L A ND H <E L AT ENT HEAT O f *
1* VAPclAl .UN Gl ltN I N:TtAu OF tltA T !APAC I TV.
*
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L Z9 NbKLL L y L L
R.AO ,2 0 - GNu l > UKLL l N>KLL L bUUKLl N SRC e, 7
L Ul N >UHLL y I e L y L l
Z tUN A. lZ+1 1 .0, 3 f : . O, 8. 1 0 1 = + I8l l
b1. LKI.c NbKLc o *> UUKLLl Nb UKL L b UUK LLl N>K L L N
UUd LL l NUnLL *aUUKLLl NoUKLc y d bULLl NbLKLL *
L bLhLL l LKLC b
IF |5cuCL N>UHLc vb I . c. 0
L aUUK Lc l N but\L c * aUUKC l NoKLL D 4 >UHL L l NoKL L
Z~ HLKLL oUHLL *UUKLc N>UHLL v U
3 NoLLc UhLL"
DO Nh " Uo U
l L l 9 o hn L r L
KLA l D Z 1 LNU *J l > NKl N> Nh L vb JK l Nb NK 1
2 7 hKAl i A4, f U. 0 , 3F 5 . 0 1
hh l Nb KvO * l K l N hK v "b 1Nh l N> Nh
K l No NK t d NK l NI NK d *b NK l N NK 1 4o hK N> NK 0
1 f l > krlN> ! .o = c = o SNKl Nb NKr il F> NK Nb Nhy o > h8l Nb NK T
ZV H J l NA * Ha N*> Pl Nb NF d
J NNK * N o lNh L
LLL >Y1 LM NLLU U UC rU Ihl0 Ht bALN6 F 7
LL l 1 t w= l LA LL !AL Nt
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hK ct U. 3I
V tUKH1 LH A bUKLc "I
wK c t
<O t LHM L H o C AN NFL K L l L JHK N l U l DEL 1
L Lr l l LA LUA lU1t1 K JJ
K L l O 9L l I I , l bUh\ c l J JF L v v *1 v NbKL L
N FliAT i l X t l ll L A Z f l 3 OP L Z .L y ZV 0 o L V t0o y Vy tDo L
L t + Z 3 LrL L f
nK L U Z HaUHLL
4 tUK| LH UL y 03 t L c L = DI
o L0 5l
tL^ A 1 HU tA yb Nh I
l I cl O
h K L l 0 t L l I l> N^ l J J F L v N> Nh
K L l t & H N h
LLLM ; HUK *H1NK
w R 1T tl 6t 4;J L.H
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FL 0002
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L RIAu S fPAkAT t U L 1 T >KLH NUKNA N NY b VL No

L4 UL aAc FuRrAT AS > 1UHLC NU > NF b1K LAH> VL L LV N b KLH

4
L RA T !l UKW N 0LPNf= uNc S:URCE U L T ULLHLU T 0ht b NK

L4 U LL T >uucu o I V LN + AL 1 LKNA c L Y y N LN F I cb LK N LLb

C* HA LKAL U I l l TY :TRIAMS KL NL L L LN LKL=

*
C*

44444#v 444 v4=44v444* v#444a =v44+44=4=4#4 =4 444444444444

L
NL = N>UKLL
4 * Nb NK
I
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FORTRAN I l
OO!l
00 5o
0057
005d
005\
0060
00b1
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00o5
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0080
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0002
TALE D-II continued)
llIEL 44 PS V ERS ION L EVEL 3 OA TE THl' HA Y 1 3 , 1 971
I AIX z 0
kA0l 5 o b C ,EN0 =15 0l A UX U o l l o AUXU o2 1 o AUXC l o 4 l o AUX U -5 I , X l 1 , 7 l ,
1 !U IN!OKCE1 o l I t 1 = 1 , 1 01
bO F OIHA T I . A4 ,1 1 X , 3f5 . 0 , 5X , 1 0 ( f3 .O t l X l l
8tA l 5 o bl l AUXI l t l l , A UXI l o l l , AUXI 2 , 4J , AUX I 2 . l o AUX ( 2 , 7 1
b 1 FMAT I A4 , 1 1 X , J f5 . 0 l
I AIX = 1
N l = N l+ l
12 = 6z+l
;R I T E I b, o5I
o5 FUkHT i l HO, T 7 , UT I L I JV STREAMS A VAI LABLE 1 / T 1 9 ,
1 1 1AI' t TZo , ' T I N l F l , tJ; I OT 1 F l ' , T 47, 1 UEL T ' , T 57, CP 1 l
U d C I =J o .
ux l L y O AUX( 1 , 5 1-AUX( 1 , 4 )
nk IJrlb , 7 0 l ul 1 , l l , AUX ( I , Z , AU X ( I , 4 I , AU) l I , 5 l , AUX l I t l ; AU X l I t 7 l
70 FUKMA T l I 0 -T Io lA4, 1X , Fb. 1 , 4Xo f b . l o 4X, Fb . 1 . T53 , F7 . 2 l
80 LL TU L
150 oRI Tt ( < q l < l
Jz f0H1A T I 1 HO, / T 9, ' OVERA Ll HtA T TRANSFER COE F F I C i tNT! '
1 1 ' S CUIC E ' , T 1 ; , S I NI STR EAM S ' / ' STREAM S ' !
I F l N . Lu . l I UU T O 154
LU I L Z y l Z
1 5. F IH ( 1 +1 l F MTl 1 -1 l
1; o8 I I c l 6 ; | I l
LL I 55 1 = 1 , : 1
1 55 ki U T t ( 6 , l !o l l o i UI I , J l o J=l , l2 l
l!> 1UKMA I I J X t l 2 dXt lO I F 9. Ot l Xl I
c Iuu8
. 00 li AVt=l
L IuN
EIG
P!UA TA CORE R EUI R!MENT S O'lUAO i YT E S
PAGE 0003
I
U
U
FOR TRAN 1 V
0001
0002
000.
0004
0005
0006
0007
000!
0009
001 0
001 1
00.
00 L
00 1 4
c
c
c
c
c
TABLE D-III SUBROUTINE DELTA
NCL N9 P VERS I ON l r LIVtl d UAT E T hU iAY 1 3, 1971
FuNLI llN uHI4l A DI
THI S fUNCTI ON SUBPRURAM CALCULAT ES T HE LOG MEAN AV ERAGt OF
Al' TWO POS I T IVE N UMttRS . THE F UIC T I ON WI L L RETURN THE VALvE CF
ZERC I F t l THEK A OR 6 IS C LOS E T O LE RO OR N EGAT I VE .
l f i C A .LT . 1 .0 1-1 0 l .DR . I S. LT . 1 . 0E- 1 01 1 TO 20 .
8AIi t A/l
I F I K AT J O. LT. l . OO I RAT I O = d/A
l f ( KAT I U. lT . 1 .0051 GU TJ 1 0
U I IF = 4"0
I HJ I Ff . L T . O . OI Ol fF=d-A
UElT A = Oi fF/ I AL UG IKAT IU I I
Rt I URN
10 UI LTA = I A l / 2. 0
R t TU il /
2 0 Ul lTA = 0 0
IL JURN
LL
DHTA CORE RtUI REHt NT S 000A6 6 YT tS
UC L

O
O
fOR TRAN I V
. 0001
0002
0003
0004
0006
OOOb
U
0001
OOO'
001 0
001 1
OO Ll
00.1 3
00 1 4
001 5
0\l l
00 1 7
0018
001 9
00<0
OO.d
oo,.
00.3
00.4
OOi!
oo2o
00
008
00 .'
OOJC
0031
OOJi
OOH
Ov34
OOJ5
0031
0037
QOjd
0u3
OO't O
00"
TABLB D~IV S0BRO0TINB BAUCB
100EI 4 P S VERSI ON r L E VEL 3 DAT E T HO MAY 1 3 , 1971
SWaROUT I N c ALN'E
C
L THIS SUaROUTI NE AD JUSTS THE MASS RATE OF T HE S TREAM WI T H T H E LARGEST
C CHANGE 1 1 ENT HALPY TO G!T A SVTfM THA T I S I N HE AT BALA ICE.
C ALltRNATELYo lf INE ;TRi AM' S MASS RAT E IS U "S PEC I FI EDo I T I S CALCULATED
L U t; :TAtL l:H A HIA T tALANo.t UN l1L !YS l EM.
L wR l T lEI BY E . HOHMANN -~ u. s . c . lHEM. ENG . DtP T. -- 1970

.
LGM:JI/ tlKl/ SuURCE I l Ot 8l , : I NK l 10, 8l , NStRC E , NSl NK tH SORCE +H Sl iK
1 1 liGtt FLAG
L SiLECT ST!EAM U d E AIJJUSTEL
FLA\ " l
H&hi : O. 0
U L O = l , NSORCE
tb LHLL L s) . u. O . O l UU TO l o
l f ( - SUulCt l l t dl . L J . HS11 GU T O l D
}u " 1
tm0 -SCIIE i l ,S l
10 luMl NUE
I0 t> t: l , N: l NI
! F ! S l lt l , 3) . Ef. O. O l GL T O 11
lHHNIC I , !J . LT. HB ! Gl U TO 1 5
f&A.. = <
u " l
Ht H i = S INII l , S I
1 5 LL 1 1U E
U U TU l 0
16 I S i o = I
UL 0
17 IL4= =
I l iG l
L MAc AuJLJMt NT TO S T REAM IAT E AhD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF S EL EC TED S TREAM.
L AL SJ AuJUS I T OTAL IN THAL PY CHANGE FOR OURCE OR SI NK S T REAMS.
18 I F I F LAii . GT . l l GU T O 20
H : LICt = H:ORCt-SIURLI l l B I G ,d l
OUK Ctl l di Go l - HURCE-H S I NK
lnLL HsUCE+SOUKCt i i B I G, S l
I F I SUUI<C t l l d l u o o l . IU. O. OI uU TO 19
Juv8Ccl t H Ur FSOURCE I I l i G, il /I S OURCE! l I G , 61* SOUC E I I B u, 7 l I
c 1uh
19 >uLCEU l l ii , J l =-SOURCE ! Il u , 81 /0URCEI 181 G, 7 l
RtfiI
0 H I NK H SI NK-S I K I I BI Go BI
1 1K I B I G , HI : -HSUxCE-H SI NK
HS lNK = HS I NI+S I NOll G, d l
I f i S I NKi l l lu , ol . EY O O I GU TO ll
l"l l dl L, 3 1 " : 1 NKi l l l "' ! l / C SI N1l l i I G , ol *Sl NK( l iI G, 7l l
E iutl
: I II. I B 1 G r 3 1 " SI NKi l t l Gr <l / S l NK i l & I G o 71
tElutN
Lbu
0Abc CORE REQU I RtM<NfS 003d 0 BYTES
PlGE 000 1
I
U
~
JOR TiAN V
000 1
0 0.2
0003
0004
OOOf
OOOb
0017
0008
0009
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 01 2
0uJ3
001'
00l 5
OOl o
001 1
001 8
0 01 9
0020
00 2 1
0022
OOd
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
0030
0031
00:
0033
0034
0035
OOJo
TMLB D-V SUBRUTINE RNGR
HODEL N9 PS VERS I ON . , LtV EL 3 DAT E T MY 1 3, 1 971 PGE 0001
SUcROUT I N E RANut i S T!EAH, THI , T LU, ST M, NS TMI
C T HI S SUB kOT I NE CALCULAT e! ! | 6 EXTENT uF THE SOURCE OR SI NK STREAM
L TeMPERA T URE kANGE UNOtR CUNSI UERAT l ON AO t L ST REAMS W IT HIN T hE
C KANut . RAtGE EXT tNu TJ l'U I NTS L TEMPE RAT URI L ON T EN T! ON .
C tu U T H.N 0r t . HUHMANI - U . S . C. LHEM, tNG. OtP T , -- 1970
C STREAM - 1n GI VIN STRtAM I NF OKMA TI LN
C T h l - 1 Ht uPPc LI MI T Ut T Ht TEMPeRATURE RANGE
C T LC - THt LUW<R Ll I T Lf THt TEM PERATU Kl RAIGE
L .TM - AN ARK A Y w l Tti THt NuMucS OF TRIAM! I N THE R ANGE
L 1S T M - uN I NPUT , T H E huM bt 0F S T RtAMS J0 o L CON I UEHIO
C ON UUT PU T , Trl E NuMtER OF ST REAM! I N T H ARRAY ST M
l NT HEk STMi l O I
0 I cNI 0h ST REAM l l 0 ,8 1
L 1 l Lu t \uAL S lE RO , !IPlLY THI; H I GHE ST S TRtAM TEMP AIAl lABI.
l F T LL . N E .O .v l 0u Iu 20
uu 1 0 I = 1 , NS T f
1 0 J = 4, 5
1 0 I F t S T KEAH I I t J l .GT. TLUl f LO=ST RtAM ( l , J l
C CHEC K 1u Str IF LA S T 1ANGE iAS ONE 0F I NF l N HE S l MAL EXT ENT
20 MAHJ = l
I r I l n1 . c!;I M ARK = 2
( St 1 LJ,E R ll Ml T LF OLD HANGt A: uPP8 L I MI T 0F NEW RANGE
t ~ LU
C FI0 LCwER L L IU T 0 F N l:W R ANGE ANO C HECK I F I S J F lNF lN J T E St HAL E XTE N T
j c
C 30 I= l , NSTI
I F I . IGT. I l i S T REAMt I t 41 . Ei. ST RtAM I I , 5 1 1 . ANO . l STREA I I . 41 .EQ . THt I I
l .AN. I MARK. tl. U i l GU TO 3 0
.
A 1 + 1
51t kI = l
TLU = STREAM I 1 , 41
30 CCM l luE
I F I K. tl. Ol GO TO 35
iSTM h
RHUkl
6 RAIvt I S uF F I NI TE EXT ENT
35 fl = 0 . 0
L 4 0 l =l , NS T 1
U 9L J=4 , 5
4 0 l F A t STkAM I I , J ) , GT . TLOI .ANv . I STREAM i l t JI . L T . TH l l l T LO=SlREAM i l , J J
C HAvt ALL 8A.1uci BE EN CALCU LATED
I I TLU.Nt . O, OI GO 50
T H' : 0 . 0
IE TUkN
L I 6 TREAMS I N RANGE . 1 F THERE ARE NONt t F I ND NEX T LOWER RAGE ,
5 0 L bO [:l , NHH
I F t . NCT. I1 h L A M I I , 4 I . GE. T Hl l . AND. 1 ST REAM ( 1 , 5 I .LE T L O I I . OR
l l hT RtAM I I , : l .tE . fHll .ANO. I S T RE AM I I o 4l . U: . T LOI I J I GO TO 60
F ; l+l
STM I KI = 1
60 CUNT lNUE
|
l f l l . E . O I GU tu lO t
NS TM = K U
RHURo
L
KK Y
0001
6
6
C
L
'
c
TABLB 0~VI S0BRD0TINB NIN0TY
HUOEL 9 VL Kb N v LLYLL 3 U 1L 1U NT 3 s 197 1
bUKLU NL H M T
H b bUbKUU NL LNULo 1HL H N HUH L ALKNL HL AO/OR
LLL L N T U L 1T b KbNo 10 N bUKb b Tb1LN tLb b L T N
HL Lhc a
WK l T T IY t . HUHHNN Uo > a o LHL No LNU L1a "" L 1
OOOZ 1 L uLK hL L U N L l r tLy K
l HLNo N U VL Zy 1l y uL l Z y r KHL l Z
LLLN b Lh L CKy LLYF - LL1 l - I s rNAMLl 10 I t 1LHI 7 l - N y U 10 L
0005 JUHMONJd LhZd>uu8il l 0rd rbL Nhl L -8 I -NUHLL y 1S NhyHbKLLHb Nh
0 LUNN1 ULh I vI yUAlr U
C RE OVE U 1 L cb A0uE0 N rKLY lUUb 1 K1 UN
0007 ll U7='L U+ + Ka l h+ Lm= U 9
UU lf i ! AUX . I .2 1 NSUKCE NbUKLL"L
0009 l F U AJX . 6c .I N> Nh ho NA"1
t lN I I A rk l m I : T Af cMtNT
nK 1 c l b r 3 l PNAME , J MI N
; fURM ATI JH 1 , H0 , 0 Ml Nl MLM U( 1T N lLo d L T LL FUR ' t l0A4//
1 ' N1 N IMUN i t.MI'KAf URl 0| Ar'HULM tUK LLL UL N N+ b 1LL
Z a y a I
OOl l hH 1 L Oy b
L b tUH 1 l 1 r y dAN y 1 L d UUKLL 1hLHJ y DZ y " b Nh bdLPb
OO l i
00 15
0010
001 7
L 0
0019
Z
Z L
U4&
0023
c9
Z
U<0
2
Z
0029
J
U
OO Jl
OOH
003<
J
0
OOH
OOJ
UV
OO'O
1 1 1 9, ' H!Al LOAJ' 19 ' k ' y > y " 1 L Nl hNc y Zv " NNC " r 1 L v ' H1 L y
1v ' T 1 RANui ' , T 57 o ' NAMc' y UD ML1, LUU l UKLL1b h I
C 1H W I H T Ht H MC T EMP I: RATURES , L LL H UHC b hNL b l Kb
$Lu ; o
NKL * N >U!1Lc
CALL HNUL l UUhLLr bKLH r bKL r bKLy NbKL
bNhL C. C
oN^ * N b N
LLL K Nc l o N aNhH ybNhLU y b Nh N>Nh I
H " 6
ZO R * h * L
I t K o U+ ZU uu 1
t 1 l bKLH H N * bNhM 0 y y 1D
C bu SUURI. t 1KLH0 N tHL LN 1 KN L
O 0L 8 ;2I : NKHl
uL l H y L l o NhLO
l > nLUo L = l oHLH "1 N NI I L l K L bKLH "H N
L L
:
* L l H y l "C l K l
!f i NKHI . IU . SHKL OI ULL 1 .0
lt YL H r L c hr Z I *1N N
Vc l H r Z ~ u l Ro l i + TMI N
G l l t ( K , l = o
GE UR ,3 1 0 . 0
uu 0b * L NNh
u T > bKl 1
NL1 > NAl U y J Nh l uy *ULL
4 ll aLN o L nK L 0 0l K YL l K L y YL l K Z L K L L K J
L A6 U r L r o 1 Nh l 4y Z l t H L
0U fCRMAT i l HO o l X , l 2 r 3 r Z 0= L v 1Z Z l0 & L r | y Z9 y Ly Lk -
t1o N L + 4 wR LLl b, o71 b NF J. L ybNhl U y Z +HC1
01 tLhHA H y r c y L A L LL& 9
0d Gt J( R , J I uE T ! r,3 1 HE AJ
0001
I
U
U
F0k I8Ah l v
00s
0042

9
004.
OO<o
U0t1
C
0041
00~
0050
0051
0052
0053
00:4
005!
00>o
0057
0
0 0 59
O
bJ
0012

0o
00o5
O
0007
00o6
00cv
00 7U
00 1
00 72
0 0 13
00 74
007 5
007o
0017
00 7t
00 79
d
0014
00i2
00d3
Uh
008!
00d6
0017
0088
TALE D~V1 lcnt1nued)
MODEL 44 PS VE8S 10h 3, U:I EL 3 DA TE THU MA Y 1 3, 197 1
RHr:A HRl " Gt l( R , 3 1
"RIT E ioo b9 1 ETi ko J l , RHE AT I R l
o9 fORMA T UHQ ,T\ , T OT ALS ' s3r 0 .0 , T64o 1 PE 1 1 .4, T 78, 1P E L 1 . 4/
l T l o l I 1 I
A b8 = NS I NK
51il C = uH I K o t l
CAlL RANid I NK , SNKHI , SKLO t !NK, NSNKl
uL L dO
uuTH SUURCE Alu SI NK STREAMS IN PRES NT RANGE
70 WNT INUE
l f i IHl . t,. S NKLOI GO TO 65
r l 5-n! . . SRC LCl 00 TU 75
ul V t i R o l l : )H1
Gt HR o2 1 . S N KH!
i l lt I K o 2 1 S(L O .
l r iS RCl. C. LT . I SNKLO+TMI Nl l il VEI R o Z I * SNKL0TMI N
Gt: l i K. l l = i l Vt l Rt 2 1 - l Hl N
uCL = V ( K, 2l -i ! Vt( R , l l
Lb = li I r, 2 1-GH I R, 1 1
Gi lE t k , 3 1 *
tET I R , J I " 0 . 0
h . b 5PC
lf i N SNK. G T. NI N " NSNK
L0 7 3 l= l, N
If I I . G T. NSRC l uJ T 0 71
U = >ivC | l I
HEAT A " S CUI E I J t l l 'SOUR<EI J o 7l *OEL SRt
Gl IE I Rt JI = GI VE I 8 , 3 l +HEA!A
7 l CONT INUE
iF I I .GT . Nl. Nil 0 0 111
b = SNKi l l
HEAT B > lN | ro 3 l ^Sl NKl K , 7 l *OELSNK
UL1 Hv = lt t l k ,: l + HEAT i
1 11 CU. -HNUE
1 f l Lw 1 uH IT E I , 7 l l R , o v 6I8, l l G 1 V E I R , Z l , OURC E lJ o l l t
l GRE I J t2l ,HtAT A, Gt T I R, l l o GcT I R, 2 1 t S l NK I K, l l o SI NK I Ko 2 1 tHtA TB
U. h.lKMA T l lH 0, lX o l 2 t 3Xo lf m. 1 , 1 X, 2A4, 1 X, l P El l . t T42 ,2 10 Pf6 . l l o lX,
l<A4 t l X, l PE l l . 4)
l f I ( l l . Nt. l l . AIO . I I . l t .N:RC I I ,ANO. ( I , LE . NS NK I I W Rl l E l 6o 1121
l SUUKlt I J t l l o SuUfCE I J r 2 l o HEA TA , l NI Ko l l t SI NK I K o 2 l rHEAT6
1 7l fLRHAT I 1 H , T 1 , . A4 t lX t 1P E l 1 .4o l 55, 2A4, lXo 1PE 1 1 . 4 1 .
r I I NL 1 1 AM, 1 1 uT . NS fC I R E I o tl 7 I S 1 1 lA L I , S lNK IK , 2 l o nfAI8
I f l l I .NE. 1 1 .ANO . 1 1 .G J.NNI I uRltIOy 77 5uukL El Jt l l , SOLRCE lJ ,2 I
l hEATA
73 Clli. T I NuE
HhcAT I RI : ii VE ( H, JI +GtT I K , 3 1
il T t l o, 741 li lVE I K t 3 I o GH I K, J l , RHEAT I K I
74 fOR" A T l l HO, T 9, ' TOTAl ! ' , T 30, lPE l l . 4, To4 o l PE 1 1.4 , T 78 v 1PEl l . 4/
l l l r l l ( ' ' J l
NSK.: = N OKt t
SKCL O = l Vtl lt Z I
CAll KANuE l SOvRCt , SKCHl , S RCLO, SKC, ISKC l
!N6L u = 0clK , l l
h>bK 4 NS 4f
IAlL RANGE IS I M, SNKHI , )NKLOt S NKt hSNK l
PAGE 0002
l
+
L
FORTRAh IV
0089
000
C09
0092
o093
0uI~
009!
0091
0091
00+o
0099
0 1 CO
0 1 01
0 1 02
0I03
0 1 04
0 1 05
0 J uo
0 1 0 7
0 I 0
0 1 09
0 1 1 0
0
0 1 12
01 1 3
0 I I4
0 1 1 !
0 1 11
0 I 1 7
O l l t
0 1 19
0 1 <0
0 1 21
01 <2
0 1 <3
0 1 2~
01 5
0 1 26
0 1 <7
O ll
Ol 2'
0 1 30
0 1 3J
0 1 32
O l . H
O l .4
0 1 35
TALE D-V(continued)
MODEL 44 PS v8S I0N 3- LEVEL 3 DA TE THU MA Y 1 3 , 1 971
GO TO tO
C NO S I NK STREAMS I N PRE SE N RANGE
75 Gl WE ( ko 1 1 z : RCH!
Gl \E i ko 2l = S RCLO
JF I S RLO. LT. I SNKHl + TH I NI I G l VE I R o 21 = SNKHl +TMI N
ULL = G! Vt ( K, . U -G I V t ( Ro l l
l f i : KCHl . E. )RCLUl OtLT = -1 . 0
GtT I R o l l = G 1 Vt 1 Ro 2 l - TMI N
Gt l i R ,2 l = G I Vt i Ro l l -TMI N
Gc TI R , 3l = O. C
G 1 V t l k; 3 l = 0 .0
|u 7 t l = l o i)KC
J = )KC I I I
HtAT = S UUK t ( J , 3 1 *SOURC E I J , 7 l *DEL T
lf l l . t'. l l W K I H : Ib , 7b l R o G l V E C Ro l l o GIV E I Ro 2 l t SOURC E I J , l l o
l SU R(t I J o 2 l o HtA f o G E T ( R , l l o GE T I R , 2 l
'
7o FCMAT l l HO , I X 0 1 2 , 3 X, 2 Fb. L 1 Xo 2A4t I X , lP E 1 1 . ' , T42o 21 O PF 6. ll l
l f l l . NE . l l wKI TE i o , 7 7 l :UURCE I J o l i , S URCE I J o 2 l o H cA
17 fcIM AT i l H , T , 1, 2A 4 o lX , lP E l l . 4)
7 8 u! V t ! K o 3 1 = v l VE I R , 3 l +HtAT
k H L T( R I = G I Vt t R , 3 I
o K l f t t o , 79 1 G lV t ! R , l o RHEA T I R I
1 9 F URMA J i l HO , T'I , 1 T LT AL$ 1 , T 30 1 l. H l .4 o Tb5 o ' 0 . 0 ' o T 7d o lP I: l l . 4/
1 T 1 , 1 81 ' ' I I
1) kl = NS L8C c
R(LC = G 1 Wt 1 Ko 2 l
CALL RANGt ( vURC t o SRCHl o )KCLO , SRC , NSRC I
SO CCI I NUE
C CH ECt I f LNU L AL L RANGeS
lf i i SRCH I . NE . O. O I . UK . ( SiiKH l . NC . O. Dl l GO TO 20
L LAlULAT E UT AL UT I L I TY Rt U IR EH tNTS AND FE AS I BI LI T Y
U 90 l =l , R
.
l f i R HtAT I I I . GE .O .O I GO TU 90
A l +l
UU J=Ko R
I F I RbEAT I J I .L t .O .O l GO TO 89
l f ( ( RHEAT l l l + KHE AT ! J I I . Lt. O .O I GO T O 82
ku; l J I = RHtA T I J l + RHEA T l l l
RHEA I I I = 0 . 0
Gu TO 89
82 RHt. TI I I * RH LAT I I I RHEUI J I
RhtAT I J I = 0 . 0
89 CONTI NUE
90 CulT ! NUt
H!AT I I * 0 .0
CU.L I N = 0. 0
LO 7 * l o R
lf i RHtAT l i i . L T. O .O l CCOLI N = COOL I N-RHEAT I I I
1 1( RHcAT ! l l . u J. O . O I HIAT I N = HEAT I NRH!ATI I l
I F I I HEAT 1 1+CUUL l ll . L . U. O t-06* 1 HS I NK- HSURC E I I I GO TO 9 7
R| 1 L v U HeA T I N , CLCLI N
96 FUW AT l l HO, / ' | uL t XERNAL HEATI NG RE UI RE D B Y THI S SYSTEM I
J ' o H 'tl l .4 o ' I H U/ HK ' / 1 T Ht TOTAL E XTE RNAL COOLI NG REQUI RED BY THI
.$ SY St M I S ' 1 1 PEl l . 4 , ' l T U/HK' l
C l f AVAILAiLto AOU UT I L I TY TREAMS TO BRI NG SYSEM I NTO HEAT BALANCE
PAGE 0003
I
+
I
FfRAN I l
0 Io
0 1 l7
O l ld
0 1 39
0 1 40
Ol 'l
O l ll
0 1 43
0 1 44
0 1 4!
O l 1b
0 ! 47
0 1 48
O l '9
0 1 50
1 5 1
0 1 5l
0 1 !J
0 1 54
0 1 ,!
0 1 :<
0 1 D7
01 5 8
0 1 59
O l eO
O l bl
01 b.
O U IJ
O l o4
01 05
0 1 04
O l e 7
O L b8
01 b9
O& 1 0
0 1 71
TAL DlcOntInued)
MULL 44 PS VfRS I UN l t L EVEl 3 OAT t T HU MAY l J, 1 971
! fi i AUX. t.O ) Re TURN
I ALX 1
R l T EC bt l'OI
140 FuRnIl l HO o ' T HESE RcQUIRIMtN T S CAN !E SUPP l l tO 6Y U TI LI Tl E S AS FOL
1 LGi -- I
lf l HEA T I N. LT . l. OE-Oo* I HSl N-HSORCEl l GO TO 1 50
UE t " AUX , l , o l
! I JEL . Gt . O. OI 0|I " -1 . 0
AUXl l o 81 = -IH :A f ! N
AUX I l t 3 1 " -HEAT I N/ I DEl*AUX I l t 7 ) l
NUR CI = NSLKCi + l
L 1 45 1= 1 . 8
l5 oL LKLLNLHLL - l l = AUX l l , l )
nR I T t l o, l 4bl AUX l l dl , AUXI l o l l o AUX I l ,2 l , AUX I l o B l
lio C41 | i n . u> I N6 : f9 - l. L i/ 1R uF 0 t 2A4 o ' , w i L L 85 5 uL 1 I N AN ENTHA
lLPY CHANbt Uf 1 o l P El l .4o ' iTU/HR , ' I
u r u 1 1
1 50 IALX 2
1 5 l CCNT l NUt
I I UULI N Ll . l . OE- Ob*I HS LN-HSORCEI I GO TO l oO
UL k = AUX 12 UI
l HL . LE . C. O I OIL * 1 .0
AUX I l , t l = UuL I N
ALA Z y I = LuuLm WtUAUX I 2 , 7 ) )
NS I > K = N;l Nr+ l
DC 1 55 I 1 t t
1> Sl tK I N. I NI t l l = AUX I 2 t l l
"RI T i l o, l io l AUX( 2 t 3 1 oAUXI 2 o l l t AUXI .t 21 , AUX 1 2 81
RtT uR,
160 l A X = 3
lE TvRN
97 iK HE I 6 , 98 l
>d fURMATi lHC, /1 NO E XTc RNAL HEAT I NG OR C COLI NG l S REQU I RE C IY T I1 1S S
I v 5 ! ch . I l
8c Iu8N
100 hK I ft I b o l O l l
10 1 fUilMAT i l HO , ' *** ERROR SU UUT IN E H I NUT Y - OUT W RANE SPACE' !
HL URN
L
Mi N!lY 6 5 RfU I Ktt hT 00l d70 UYT cS
PAGE 0004
I

h
H81Rk lv
0001
00Z
0003
0004
000!
OOC6
0007
0008
0009
0 0 1 0
00
00J
00 l3
001 4
0 0 1 5
00 Io
001 7
L U
00 19
00
002 1
0022
0023
00."
002:
00
0021
00 .
0009
OOJ.
OOJl
00J
0033
00 3
ou J5
OO:o
0031
0038
OOJ9
0040
6
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
C
TML8 D~VII SUBNUTIRE AIR
IUOEI "" P S VERS iON 3 , LE VEl 3 OA TE THU MA Y 1 3 r 1 971
SllKCUT b AM11
fOR SYST EMS T HT AR l N HeA T BALANCE THI S SUBROUTI NE CAlC ULATES
A 11 1l MUM AREA U S I NG T Ht CONCEPT Lt ST RtAM: IN T I:MP iRATUR t
CllNTcNT ! UN . THA T ! : , h SUdROUT ! NI Oat: ICT C GNS l OE R
RE LAT I VE u WHIN OEPEKM IN ING CONTENTI ON RANt S BUT l T OOE S
LS AN e NTHALPY CuRRtCTEO U VALUE FUK T HE AREA . C ACULAT ION! .
R.it 81 t . Hi) HANN ~~ U . S . C. C.HtM. I NG. 0|P1. ~~ 1 970
l N TE utK SRCi l CJ t NK( l O ) , K, fLAG
Cl HcNS IUN AIAt 20J , cd VI l O J -0F I | 101
CC/M(l/ BLKl/ 1 f tt L tAl E , LET t 4 ) , PNAMFl 10 l , TEMP I 7 l , TM I N, Ul 10 , 1 01
LunuNto Ln21ouu8Lc l t , SJ , o NK 1 1 0 ,8 l y NLhLt y I Nho HSOiCE, HS I NK
I N H 1AL 1K LN T :T HMcNT5
hR I T E i o , S l NNL r H N
, fUKMA f l lH l , T J 20 ' M1 Nl MUM AREA TABLE F CR ' 0 1 0A4//
1 ' I rDh ltMPERATURt UF APPRUACH WARN JNG l E VE L' oF 5 . l t ' F , ' // 1
o8 l 1I o - l
o fL8nAT I t H t ' KANGE ' , T 18o 1 SOURCE STReAMS' , T52 ' I NK S fREAS , Taa ,
t * FIb0F8 C ALULAT ! UNS' / T 4 , , T 9, 1 TE MP RANGe ' , T2 3 , 1 NAME ' , T3 l o
.11icAT LO Al' T<3 t ' TtMI knoc t T57 , ' NA ME ' , T o , ' HEAT LOAD' , T76 ,
. P T htT .A t l nET Al OEL THE f A U A VE AREA ' / 1
AH wI l l L l vOL tMIt KAT U Rt iAGt: f lKSI
)tCLu O. 0
NRC NSOKCt ,
CAtL RANGc i :OURCto SRCHl o S RCLO, SRC, NSRC l
SNLU 0. 0
1lIK " NS I NI
CALL ANGf i S ! NIo SNKHI , SNKLU, S NI t NS NK I
0u 8 = t s 20
0 AiA i l l P 0. 0
bcL 2 0
AR EAT = 0 .0
I VAP = 0
I 6u0 = 0
R = 0
10 R 8+I
l f (R , G T . 2 0l GO 10 2 1 0
C CALCul AT E lAl T lAL TEHERATURE DIFFERENCES
l f ( f vAP. E . l l GO TO 17
FLAu . 0
AFIA Ll 0 .0
1KLU SRCLu-RCHI
I l SRC0. Nc . 0. 0l GO T 0 I8
Su0 - 1 .0
FLAG = 1
lU T O 1 8
1 7 HAG = 1
J \AP = 0
>KL = - l . O+AfRA CI
8 CLT Nc
l f t i COu. E . l l 6 0 TO 1 9
AfiACl = 0 .0
N = SNHl-SNKLO
lf l N!u. Nb =Ol GO TO 2
PAGE 0001
r

U
FOR IAAN
OOil
00 92
OO'l
OO''
0045
004o
Ol47
OO'l
0049
C05i
00 51
00 5.
003
005'
Oi 5 5
OOSo
0051
005 8
0059
OoO
O O ol
OOo.
0063
u0o+
ooo5
OOob
ooo7
ooo8
00b'
0070
uon
00 Z
0073
00 1'
J 07 5
00 7
0011
00 11
007 9
0080
00 b-
OOdl
0083
OOd'
008!
OOto
0087
TALE DVII (conLInuod)
nuuLL 44 P: VERS I ON 3- Lbv L 3 DATe fHU MAY 13, 1 971
:NI l 0
fi.AG 2
Gc ro 2 0
19 flAG = 2
IC\NC 0
SNKi = l . O-AF RAC2
C CAlC UlA TE SukC6 RANGE E NTHALPY CHANGE
0 >-L 0 0
DC 2 5 I =l t NSRC
J :RCI l
I v l I l ::UURC tJ , 3 l *SuUKL E t J , 7 l *SRCO
2 5 H SKC = H SRC -I c II l
L ALCUl A T t o Iu8 RANGE ENT HAL P Y CHANGE
30 1 M 0 . 0
uu 3 1 l tNSNK
u S IKt I l
Gt T I I l = :1 NK! Jdi *S I IKI J, 7 1 *SNK O
35 H:Nt 5u8+cT ( 1 )
C SHLRTEN A PMOPI AT RANGE
l r i AbSl HSKL+H:.NKI . lT . I S . Ot-Oo*I -HSRC+HSNKl l l GO TO 80
lF 1 1 1SRC +hS8l,G T . 0 . 0 GO T O 60
!CALl = 1
A:k .LO SICLO
FkAL -ISNK /H;RC
SRCO = S RCu*F AC
I FI HAG. t' . 1 1 ;o TO 40
:RCu = Stil + SRCO
GO L 20
IO 1 VAP * 1
Af8AI A fRACl +FRAC
GO TG 2 0
bO AII 2
A. MLC S NKlu
FAC t -HSRC/HSNK
SNI0 = 5NKI*FRAC
l F I F LAG . ,.l l iO T O 70
ouktO SNKH I -SNI
0 T u 30
10 lC (ND = 1
AFKC2 AFKACZ+FRAC
Gu TO J0
10 Cll l l ltiE
C CAC LlA T E AND CHEC K VALUES OF RANGE T EMPERATURES
T hH Al S RCHl-SNKHl
1HHA2 * SKCLC-S IKlC
l HI I Ht TA l . Lt . O. O I . OR. I TtET A2 . L E . O. O l l WRI T E( b ,90 1
90 l0kAlOHO , l O I ' 1 ' v " NO T E - I T I S lMPOSSH ilt T O CONSTRI T A NETWO
1K F Co THl : S STEM ' , 101 ' *? ' I I
If i i i T HtTA l . L I . TMI N- , 03l , UR . I THE TA2. lf, TM1 N-, 03I I . ANO.
l l l ftHT AL . <T. O .O I . ANO. I TttTA2 . GT . O .O i l l WRl T E i b, 9 l l
91 Fu8A I I 6 : l *I l , b0Ic ~ l f a NUT POSS I BLE T 0 CONST RU CT A N ETW
lURK w l f HUT JAT INu Tt MP UF APPROAH RESTRI C TI ON , 5 1 ' * ? 1 1 1
DT E lA IJELT AI T HE T Al , THET A 2 l
C uE T Ml Nt t NTHALPY CUkRtCT t O AVERAGE U VALU E F OR RANGE AND CALC AREA
ulCf 0 .0
PAGE 0002
H
+
4
I V
0011
OO!9
0090
0091
0092
0093
0094
005
009b
0097
0098
0099
0 1 00
0 1 0 1
0 1 02
0 1 03
0 1 04
L0>
0 1 0b
0 I 0 7
0 I 6 o
0 l 0v
0 1 1 0
L
0 1 1 .
01 13
Ol l 4
0 1 1 5
Ol lb
0 1 1 7
U 1 18
01 1 9
01 .0
L
O l ll
0 1 .2
0 1. 3
0 1. 4
0 1 2 5
ot.b
0 1 .
0 1 2 8
0 1 29
0 1 30
01 31
0 1 32
01 33
0 1 34
7
O.Ub
TALE DVII (continued)
HOUtL s9 P5 VE RSI ON 3 , LVEL 3 OA TE THU HAV 1 3 , 1 97 1
l f lNSKC. E. l l \O TO 3 1 0
l f i NSNK. . 1 1 GO T O 320
u0 30l l = l t N:kC
S ti l l l
00 3 C l I I = 1 rN5NK
K = SNK I 1 1 1
301 UREC P = URECP + GET i l l l / I HS NK*U I J , K l l
30 2 CUM 1 NUE
URtCP = UK tiP/NSRC
UREC = 0 , O
UU J L 1 1 = l o NSNK
K " S lKI I l l
L v I = l r NSRC
J = RC I I l
303 URtC = U REC + I VE i l l / I HSRC*U ( J , K l l
304 CONT I NUE
UR IC = UR EC/N :IIK
iAE = l .O / I U RtCP+URECl
GO TO 3!0
3 10 CU 315 1 = 1 o N SNK
J = StC i l l
K >Nhl I I
3 1 5 UR kP = UR ECP + GE T I 1 1 /I HSNK*UI J , Kl l
LA t = 1 . 0/UKCP
GO TO 30
3l0 OL 325 L = 1 t NSRC
J = SRC l l l
K = SNKI l l
3 2 5 UR tC P = U HcL r + Gl V EA l l / l HSRC*UI J , K l l
wA t = 1 . C/UKECP
350 I F ! I I THtT A1. L t. O .O l .OR, ( THE TA2. LE . O. Ol i , QR, ( UA VE . L E . O. O l l GO TO 391
A8LA l R = I I -HRC+HSNK U2 .0 l / I UAV E*DTETA I
39 1 AR EA T = ARtA T tARtA I RI
PR II H RAN Gt l ifuRMAT I UN FOR C UKRENT RANGE
6 = IIStC
I F I N SNK. G T. NI N = NSNK
LU 100 l= l o N
J = SRC l l l
K ; SNKI I I
l f i i . E .. l l w R IT E ( 6, 9 l ) R , !tCH I , SRCLO, SOUKC E I J , l l t SOURCE 1 J t 2 l ,
111 L lI I - !lKL O 1 :NKH 1 , S I M< I K , 1 1 ,s I NK( Ko 2 l , GET I I I
9l Fu! AT l l ti O, l l t l 2 , 3 X, 2F b. 1 , 1 X , 2A 4 , 1 X , lP E 1 1. 4 , T42 o 2 1 0 PF6. 1 1 sI -
l 2A4 , l X, 1 PEJ l . 41
l F I I ( l . Nt . l ) . A,!) . I I . LE. NSRC i l . ANO. I I . Lt. NS NK l l W RI T E ( 6 , 93 l
l SUURCI I J , l l , SJUo CE I J o . l t G I V E ( 1 1 , 51 NK I K t ll , : I NKI K ,2 1 , GE T ! I I
'3 FLIMA I I 1 H , T 1 ,2 A4 , 1X , 1Pt l l . 4, T 5 ! , 2A4, 1 Xo l P E l l .4 l
I f I I I ,NE . 1 1 . A N I 1 0T . NoKL l WRI T LI b 1 941 b N K I K 1 1 1 , S I NK I K , 2 1 , GET
94 FC MAT l l H , Tt 2 A4 t 1 X, 1P E 1 1 . 4 1
I F ( ( I . Nt . l i . ANl. I I . G T . N:NKI I WR I T E i b , 9 5 l OU RCE I J , l l o SOURC c ( J , 2l t
l GI VE ( I I
95 fCKMAT ( 1 H t T2 1 , 2 A4 t lX , lP El 1 .4 l
100 iLNTl Nu
wt IT b, 1 05 1 n:RC , HSNK, THt T Al , THE TA 2o D THE A , UAIE , AREA IR l
1 05 fCRMA T 1 1 HO , T9 , ' T OT ALS ' ,T 30 ;1 P E 1 1 . 4, Tb4, 1P E 1 1 . 4 , T 78 , 21 OP fb . l , lXI t
1 x-FL. 1 , D ArO 1 , 1x , F a. 1/lI t : 1 1 1
PAGE 0003
I

U
FOR TRAN I l
O l H
01 38
OUt
O ll O
01 41
O l.
0 1 43
01 ''
01 45
O l <b
Vl '7
0 1 48
0 I 9
01 50
0 1 : 1
0 1 52
O l !d
01 !'
0 1 55
Ol 5o
0 1 57
01 5 8
01 5-i
MODEl 44
PS
TAL DVII (continued)
VERS I ON 3 , LEV EL 3 DATE T HU MAY 1 3, 1971
NE A = NE XC+N.KC+NSNK-l
l f I CALL .E. 1 ) GO TO 1 10
N:RC = NSOKCE
CALL KANGt l :UURC E o RCH l o SRC LU, SRC,NSRC l
GC T C 1 1 1
1 1 0 RCHI = SRCLu
;RLu = HLLQ
l U ClT bL
J F U CALL. t = 21 GC TO 1 1)
lNK = N S iN"
LLL RANGt i I t , SNKH I , NKLO t SNKt NSNK
u TO 1 I 6
1 15 l = SNKLU
b h L L = ASML O
l l o I CAL L = 0
C &hiCK If ALL kANGE S CALC ULA TED
l I t - 0J l bKCH! . b.O . O l . OR. t S NKH I . EQ .O . Ol l l G TO 10
h> l l t l b o 2 C ll NI XC t AKtA f
201 f\ k:AT i l rO , T 30, 1 A NEl WURK UF' , 1 3 , XHANUE RS I S RE QUI RED T O Gi VE
l THI l NIBuN l OT AL AIEA Uf' t f9 . 1 , ' S FT ' l
Rt TJRN
210 Wk lf E ! o, 2 l l l
2 U fllMAT i l HO t ' **' ERIR !UIROUTI NE AMI NT - WT Of RANGE SPACE ' J
RH.kN
chL
AM I N CORe ReU! RtMNr S OC! J 7C B YTES
PAGE 0 004
|

O
Hd KN I
0001
002
0003
0004

D
4

V
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L L
00
1
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L D
L T
L
J V
d
<
00z2
Z>
C
I
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6
L
C
TALF D-VIII SUDROU'INE CONFIG
NUL L NS r YcKb UN 3, LLYcL 3 AT L HU NAY Js 97 rL L
UHUU N LUNl
T t1 S StfUUT l l1 LLLUL Lb UbLK b rLL l LNl UK N b Ul HL bKL N>
N A U YLN HL LALHN=L bY Ti M. F! RS r , A OLo LRl rT iN t EACh
LNt UU uN b K EAU . A LALLULA T ON rH MLN L L KM NL T
LbKLL L Nc FH AN HL ARtA AND OT HEK V AR I ABL ES N T U VLN KL LLLUL LUo
f i NALLY, Hc NrU NlKN UN AND THL LLL LLLU VLULo AR E b rL T L
A a I JUrU
K LN b c. HUHNNN U o b o L o LHLHo LN= Lr o JV1
REAL KIOW , NrU y LAO I 121
ULdLL rhLL o N T YPt, lYPtA, T YPIB
LUHONUL111 H :R t L EA VL LL rrNNL L I c Mr1 7 1 N heUI I o l I
MLh LZf UKLL r v b Nhl L t y NbKL L y Nb NK y H>HLc y Hb NK
LtJHHUNd L UU t NYAK y NdLL r NUH d v LLLl y LD y
1 cLULA l < r F LKN V t L UNNMl L
CAlA l1LANn y NrU y U rU >cNo H y H1 Ny l! LAt HbLN
UATA T YPE 1 , TYPc Zy Tr cZ0 v T rL TrL9HLALHy HUb Uy9Hb Ny
L JLU 9Oo N
U T rtA y T FLU y b Hy rUNU0 H bUKLL r H b INA y d H * H # I
U WN a ON rK |oI ; Pl N l 4I
C
L********* ************ ************* ********* ************* ****** ************** ***
4
C
* HcA C(Nfl vUKAT I UN NNL ^ NT L LULUNNb JN+
C* Kt Ail PAKIT R I L L !t NI TI VI T Y VAR l AuLE , t ANY ~~~ NA CLM
:
9 L"o *
C*
LHb YLUL L L F 999Vo +
C
* H UHcb YLUL LLN o
L^ # Of YAL UES TO TRY Cl D o *
t
*
T LALL bLN Y T N Yb b H c "ENS" H I L lMb 5962. *
l* U L NK OLL b H H L VALUE lK b LNo o NAMb LLN "D r &"19
C * V L ULb " "1 L y "
I
*
lh6 t I LE NU L1 Lo NO MORt CUNf l GURAT I ON
L
*
C*
REAU VAR l A6U: NAHL b AND VAL UE S -- ALL 1ARl A!l LE! HUb L Y LN *
I*
txt rr IS r LA by N N T KAI NAMIS AND THE rAKAML TK C VAK1 A8LE .
*
t VK LL NAML b LLNo L y L L L v < L< t L J y9 L "9y L 3y b s 1 L 1 *
1* L0RrPuN Cl u VALUE L LN b V L hL V y Z "ZV y ^ JV y999Vy 0VD9V y 91 V *
t P C U4T A GAROS , LU t LL N L L LNU OF DATA b c *
I*
C* * ***** ***""* ** *** *** ** ** ****************** ** *** *** ***** ***" ** ** ******* ** *** ***
L
LLYC
3 HL y b y LNU~ L3 LNN* J y 1 y L rL KH
FLRMA lI9t LA tFt . O,f 3 . 0 tl , 1 A3 y tb o y L y lo
II 8 l
I B N D LNF L
K 1 L 1 6 , 71 tGNNAH , H N
1 fUR' All l 1 l , lX, FJLLOwi N< AKL 1HL c b UN L LLUL D4 FCR "
L y vAh J1 L A y " 1ML M N MN IMrE RAT U RL OF AP PROACH b " y t o r " t
u0 9 l = J y 0
V NUn LAN
1
FKAH t ~ rL HN J o
l f l ! PI RAI 4J .LE . 0 . 1 J .UR. tiRAM1 5 l oL obLNb 60 L
cr = I AbS I PI:RAM I 3 1 - PERAH I2 1 1 1 / PERAI 4 1
I
+
~
fiRI RAh I V
0024
0025
OOlb
0z7
0021
0029
OO JO
003.
0032
Ou.
0034
0035
l03o
0037
00J
OO.
00+0
TAL8 n-v:t: l0ont1nuud)
MOGEL 44 PS V ERS ION l E VEl 3 DA T E THU MY l3t 1 911 PAGE 000
8
KNCW Uo U = P ERA MI ll
rNun Ir 2 = PtAM 1 2!
IIRl Tt ( 6 , 11 Pc!AMi l l t Kh0W i l o2 1
8 FO!MAI l lH , l OX, THt.I: tAl.C ULATI ONS ARE FOR THE PARAMET IU C V ARl A81
l E t A3t ' AT A V ALUE OF , FB . l l
\ UG 1 4 l 1 : K t dO t l
1 4 KE.IL 1 5 t i 5 t EN u= l b ) ( ( KNOI l l +l - l tJI , J= l o 2l t l =l , Bl
15 FLRMAT l l Ol l A3, F6. 0 , 1X l , / l
la N V"I I I
LM l l 1 : l t N VAK
! F I KNLW I ! , l l . t\. ilAMl GOT O 18
JNu"l l . 3 1 " d LANK
I1 !l hhLw l y 2 I =AC 0 0 I 8n0WI 1 t 3 I " KNO WI Io l I
l d 1AI = I ~ 1
c ' ****"** **** * ********* *** **** **"
c
C* HL U FUNlII ONAL iL CCK I NfORMAT I ON *
C* LL,. l-2 uLOCK I OI:N T I F I CA T I ON NUMBR *
C* CU 4-7 TYPE - tl lH , U: OuRC E , O: iNK, S SOUR<it SSI NK
L
=
C* tX I.HANiiK tLUCIS *
C
* CUI 1 . -U PAR E NT SUU!(f ST RIAM B *
C* CUI 1 5- 17 OURCF STReAM BRANCH NAME *
C* CLH 9-2I APP ROACH V AR 1A6L I - LEF T BLANK IF I N NORAl MODE *
C* "MAX" o I f MAX I MUM HE AT T RAN: FER 4
C * 1 5 DeS I R E D AT E XChANGeR *
l* CLH 2 l-l4
!* CLM 2c2 d
c CLM ' 30-32
L CLM H-Jo
C* CLM 3 i-40
"* LLn 4.-44
"*
L D l ll DER tLUC" S
c 6t 1 2-1 3
C* CUI 1 !-1 1
c
L 1 9-1
L4 CLM Lo-<d
L* CLM 0J
L ClM J~ 3o
L*
c
.IMMtR dtuKS
C* C;M l l-1 3
C*
CUI D-1 7
C* CLM 19-21
(* CLH lb-21
C* C LM 30-32
l* M 43U
c
P AK EIT S I NK ST REAM 8 *
SI NK STRl:AM BRANCH N AME , lEAVE BL ANK I f MAlN *
NAMt !UIt: TE MP ! N o e . G . T 02
*
NAME :LUHCt T EMI' OUT
"
NAc !> I M TIMI I N
*
NAME : I N TIMI OUT 4
P ARENT STR IAM P OF ST RE AM l N
BRANCH NME OF 5 T IE AM 1 1 , LEAVt BLANK I f MUN
TtMP NAME uf S TRtAM I N
RAT c !AMI: ut f IRS bRANCHt 1 , G, R02
IhP NOL OF I-oI BRANCH, L ,G, I 0l
RAT E 2 , t T C fOR EACH lANCH . MX C fl VE BRANCHE S

*
.

9
P AR ENT :TRtAM B OF S TREAM OUT

iRANCH MMt L S TkAM OUT , l EAV E BL ANK I f M A IN

*
TEMP NAMt OF S TREAM OUT
*
RAT E N4c uF F IRST I NCOM I NG BRANCH S TR EAMt E . G. R03
*
TEMP NAMt UF F l aST I NCOM I NG RANCH ST ReAM, . 6. T O l
*
KAr l 2 , LL FUR tA01 tKANCH. MA X uF fI vL 8RANIHE S

*
L* iNi fLc CAK. l NUI CAl E S ENU OF BLOC KS I A CONF J GU RAT I ON
*
c ******* ************** ************** ***
24 RfAv ( 5 ,. S ,cNLl"2b l t l ilCCI I ! o J J , J c 1 , 1 6 1 , 1 1 , 2 1 1
FUKMA l i i A2 t 1 X tA 4 t 4At f 2.0 t l li tZ I A- t 1 Xl ,t2 . 0t l Xt ' l A.1X J , AJ I I
zo AL0L ' l~
I

U
fORTRA l V
0 041
oo..
L
0043
004"
0045
004b
0047
0046
0049
0050
00:1
OO!i
C
C
L
0053
00 :4
005!
OO:b
0057
0056
0 0 59
OObO
OOH
OOo.
OOo3
0064
00o5
OOob
0017
oooa
0U69
0 0 70
OOH
0072
0u 7
0074
00 7!
00 1b
00 7 7
00 78
001'
0060
O O ! l
0011 2
OQt.
OOli
00!5
00t6
0061
Oll8
0089
TALE D-VII I lconInue)
MOOEI 4+ P S VERS I ON 3 t LEVEL 3 OAT E THU MAY 13, 191 1
iRl T f l o , 27 1 MIOK, NVA
27 IORMAf l lH o lO . , TH E NUItE R OF OIOCKS IN T H I S SYS T EM I S

l 2o ' AND
1 1 , 1 2 , ' NEW VARJ AoLE NA/E ; ERE GI VIN. I
CAI PAT H IKl NU z 1 1 ANC CHIK THAT SUCCESSF Ul UOE R WAS UETcRMl NEO
CAII PATH t l l
30 CuNT lhuc
LL L l = l , lWAR
Jl KNuW I I o 3 1 = KNW I I , 21
AR iA " 0 .0
ITCTAI = 0 .0
l t XC H = 0
l f l l IuI - c -0 l u T O 80
l!tl l Tdoo 1 31 1 l tiOC KI I 8lOCKI I I ol ) , I =l , N8LOCKJ
1 31 f ui' Hi lH , lOJt ' tLOCK CALC ULATI ON OROE R U!EU l S I ' ,
l A t 1 9 1 ' ' o Al ) )
PEkOR1 ALL CALC ULATI ONS I N THE lOOP 8ELOW HERE
DG 70 ! %1 . dLCCK
J : lLUCK I ! I
l f l d lCCK I Jrl I .NE.TYPE l l G T O 4S
uu 'JZ K l D
32 Kl lr O : 0
l f l d LOCKl J r4 l .cQ. SIANKJ IOAO i l l SOURCf i 8O CKt Jr 3 1 t 3l
If lOLUCKI J , 1l . tQ ,d lANK I LOAD 1 21 =Sl NKISLOCK lJ r 6l ,3 l
cc 35 I= 1 '
I f l ti. OC" I J , 1+ Kl . El. ! NPVT L UAD( 2 +K l=SOURCE { BLOCK I J , 3 1 , 4 J
1|I UUCI t J , 7+Kl . to . UUTPUTI LOMH Z+KI =SOURCE I BIOKI J ,3 , 5)
l f l t lLCK ( J , +K I . fQ , ! NPuT I LOAUI 4+K l = S I NK I LOCK I J t6 1 t 41
35 I f ( dLUCK ( J , '+ Kl fl. UUTPUTJ LOAD 1 4+ Kl =S 1 1KI tLOCK I Jt o I t 51
CO 37 K= l , N\AK
lf t BLLCK I J r4 l . t\ . KNOW I K, l l l KKi l l =K
I HB lUCK .t U t 1 1 oL Q. KNOwi Ko 11 1 K K I 2 1 :K
l f ( dLUCK I J r 8 l .c\ .tNUI l Ko i l l KK( 3 I =K
U | bL 0Cr lJ , 91 . tl. INUW t K, l l l IKI 4 I =K
lr ( dluCKI u o O I . E Q. KNJn i K t l l l KK I 51 " K
7 l f i < HCCK ( J o l l l . t o. KNUo iK , l l ) KK ( o l "K
U > 1= l , .,
39 l F I KK I K I .Ne. Ol LOAU( K I =KNu W( Ki I Ki r 31
LGAll l.l l = LUAUi l l SOUr Cf l iLOCK I J o 3 h 7 1
LUAUI I = LOAUI 2 l * Sl I LUCK ( J ,b l ,7 1
LUAU i l l = U I B LUCK( J , j J ,biUCK( J , 6/ l
LUAO I l l l 0 . Q
IF I > URC E I BLOCK( J, 31 o oi . E . O. OI LDAOi l l l 1 .0
l fi S l l!( dLLCIC J , b l , o l . E . O. Ol l.uAOI 1 1 1 2 . 0
LuAu l l ll 8LCCK I J ,l l
(AIL i XCHNul LUAO I
OL '<0 r_. 3 , o
'O l f i KK( r) . Nt. O l KNuW I KK I K I ,3 1 = IOAO( K l
CO 4 1 t=S, ll
41 BttCI J, r+4 1 IUAO IK J
AklA ARcA+LuAO i l Ll
QTOT o TU T AL IOAOI S l
1 C = l iXCH l
i! lONT H tUE
PAGE 0003
I
4
U
FUR JRAN 1 11
0090
009J
00'4
0093
0094
0095
oo9o
00v7
0098
0099
O lOO
01 01
0 1 02
Ul U3
Ol Oi
0 1 0!
0 1 0o
0 1 0 1
0 1 01
01 0
U1 0
0 1 1 1
Ol l 2
O U . J
0 1 1'
0 1 1 5
O l i o
O L7
01 1 8
01 19
01 .0
0 1 21
Ol .2
c
MO Ot 41 P!
TALE DVIII lconInue}
V E RS I ON 3, L EV EL 3 OA I E T HU MA Y l lh 1 9 7 1
I f I I BLOC Kl J - l LQ, TVPE2AI . UR. ! BLOCK I J: 2 l . E 0. T Y P2 8 I l
l C4I L 0 1 1 WE I J )
1 F I I ILOCK I Jr2 1 . E Q. TY PtJA l . UR. I IlUCK I J o 2 l ,E! , TYPE3B l I CALL SUMI J l
7 0 CONT l rUI
C PRiNt LUI CAL.UL AT IONS
6
d0 WR I T L Ib o l2l
0 FLRMAT i l HO/ o 43Xr --- EXCHAN ER BLOCKS --0 / /
1 , T l o, SOUIC t S TRE AM' o T 50 o 0 S i l'K S T REAM' r T S S t
< ' lAChANER P tC l F lCA T l UN ' / ' tLUCK ' o T 1 4 , 0 Sl REAM' , T 2b t 0 TEMP TEMP' ,
3 T4t, 0 :TRE M1 , T<O , ' T UIP T EMP' , T 78 , ' U ' o l 85, 1 HAT L OA0 , T9 7t
4 ' 1 hE TA 1 TH T A. Ut lTA ' o T 1 21 , 0 AR!A0 / 0 I ' o T\ , 0 1 NAME tRAICH' t
5 1.1 , W lUT , T 4J , ' I NAME tkANCH0 ,
U l l o ' I N tH' o l! t ' l BT U/HI) ' , T'I 8 , 1 1 F I ' o T J.05t ' l f l ' o T 1 1 Zo * T hiTA ' o
7ULO, ' I SQ F T I ! II
0 14 Jl , NdL LCK
l F ( tLUCl J o G l .tQ . T YE l l wRI TE i b o 63 1 BLCCK( J , l l o uLOLK I J o 3 l o
:uu.LoLJ1 I J , . l o l l o QURCE l BLOCK( J r 3I o Z I , SLUCKI J , I l , BLCC I( J o 8 I ,
2 ottL8l.9l , oLLukt J o b l , S I NK ( !iOCJ I J .t l o 1 1 , SI nrl 8LOCK I J o b I t 21 r
:1LU 8l u v 11 tdL LKI J , 101 -n0C8l J , l l l , UI BLCCK I J . :
i tli. Clt J , o l l o l li. OCK ( J , l l , l= l l, l b l
1- l liMAl l lH o l X AZ t4 Xo f4. 0 o 1 X o 2 A4 t 1 X , A3 , 3X o A3 , .X , AJ, oXo f'. Oo l Xt 2A4t
l X ,A 3, 3X , A 3, 2 X, A v T 76 o F S. O , Z X o l P E ! l . 4 , l X ,OPFo . l t tX o f6 . 1 ,X , F6 . l t
ux , F s . u
8 4 i.tlNT l NUt
;K I T tl O 1 8:1 ltXLH, AKc Ao iTOTAl
1 85 FLRMA I I l HO , ' A TOTAL Of , 1 2 , E XCHANGERS w i TH AR EA Of

1 1 1 . . 4 , 1 u f l AND A HtAT LOAD OF ' o l PEtl .' o ' 81 U/ HR ARE I N THI S

2LuF l ukAI I uN . I
I P = 0
OU d 7 J " l t Nt HUK
l f l l oLLCK I J, l . NE. TYP E2A l . AN D. I BL OCKl J , l i . NE . T YPt2B I I GO 1u 87
I P = I P+ l
P . t. l l wRH tl6 , d 5 l
1 5 fCIAT I 1 Hu/ o 44X , 1--- 01\ LOIR bLOCKS --' // l X , ' IL OCK ' , f l 9,
H: lt EA M l N , T <o , .! l ' . ' l o ' $TRtAMS OUT ' o 2 : 1 ' .' 1 o /
.:JX , N 1 , T lO o ' T YH - NAMe 084nC TiIP ' ; I 4 6 ; 5I ' tRANCH TeMP ' I ll
TYPE n' PtA
Af I = SuURCc I 8L0K l J , l , l I
SbL LIKCE l cLOCK I Jo 3 ) , 2 1
1 1 ldLOCK I J tZ l . t . T YPAl U T O 186
TVPt = T YPff
hFEl S l NK i dL OCK ( J , 3l , l l
5bMc2 SI N,C dLOK I J t 3l o2 1
lo lT t l b o 86 l oLuCKI J o l l , TYPE o BLOC K l J, 3l t SNAME l 1 SNAME2 ,8LOCK ( J ,4 l o
l BLLC K I J t ! l o l l:lUC o ( Jo l l , l =7, l o l
d e fUI<MA T i lH t l X oA 2 , T 7 , A of '. O o l X o 2A4 o l Xt A3 0 2 X 1 A3 , T43 o 5 ( 5X , A3 , 2X o A3 1 1
l 7 I.UNT l iUt
~
OU 0 J l, NdLOCK
I F I I ILLCK I Jt 2 l . NE . T YP CJA l . AN i . I 8LOCKC J , Z l . NE . T YPE38 l l GO TO '0
I P I P+ l
lf. I I P . t . l l WRI . EI os 88I
UO FLRMA T l l HO/ o 44X o ' --- SUMMER BLOCKS --' l / l Xt ' BLOCK ' t T 19 ,
PAGE 0004
I
U
C
.
fuRTRAN v
0 1.
01 24
0 1 5
0 1 2&
01 27
O l lt
01 ;9
O l JO
0 1 3 1
0 1 32
0 1 33
O U4
0 1 35
0 1 36
0 1 H
0 1 3 t
0 1 3 '
0 1 /O
01 41
0 1 42
0 1 43
0 144
0 1 45
01 4&
0 1 47
01 48
01 49
0 1 :0
0 1 51
0 1 52
01
0 1 54
O l !5
0 1 !&
0 1 5 7
01 5j
01 D>
01 60
0 1 6J
0 1 62
01 6J
0 1 6/
HOUEl 44 PS
TALE D-VIII nn
VERSI ON 3o l E VEl 3 UA TE TU HAY 1 3 , 1 971
l ' .JRtAH lUf ' o T4b t 2 5 1 . 0 l o 0 STKEAMS IN t 26( . ' 1 , /
23X o ' l ' o T l C , 0 T YPE I NAME BRANCH T E MP0 , T46, 5 1 ' 8RANCH T EMP I r I
TYPE T YP L
SIAMEl = SCURIE I BLOCK I J o 3 1 , 1 1
)NAMt2 = SUURCt l bLUC K I J o J I o 2 1
l f ( bluCK ( J o 2 1 .cl . T YPE3AI GO T O 8 9
TYIE = TYPES
SNAMU = I NK i t L OKI J o JI o l l
oN8z = . INJ I dl OCK I J o 3l o 2 1
dV Kl T t I & , t61 dLU(K I J o l l , T Y PC , BlGCK I J o 3 1 o SNAM U, SNAME2o BLOCK ( J , 4 ) ,
lllOC K ( J , 5 1 , | 0 Lu6 Kl J , l l .l -7 , 1 61
90 L01 1Ut
z 8 I T E l 6 o '1 l l
91 fOR." AT I 1 H0/ , 40X , ' VAR I ABLE S -- NAME S AND VAL UES ' / 1
Dl 4 J= 1 o NVARo 4
L I M! T = J 3
I t l L IM I T . I>T .N\AR l L I M I T = NVAR
UU V< K= J o LI M I T
I K I N T i l-J l l = d LA IIK
l f ! INut l lo 2 1 . uT . O. O I IRl N T ( K-J ll STAR
S If ( ( KNUw l K , 2 1 .GT .0 . 0 l. AND. ( ASS I KNOW (Ko 2 1-KNOW I Ko 3 I I .GT . o. 2 1 1
lPk lN T ( K-J 1 1 = POUNJ
Y H t l b o 'l l ( liUw l l o l l o KNUw i K o J i o PR!NT I K-J+ Uo .a J, LI HI T l
95 FGR:4AT I 1 H C o l O X , 4 1 A3 , 0 = ,F B . l o A3 o 7X I I
wk I l t l o, 9o J
9o FCRMA T i l HO o bX o ' * I NDI CT ES \ARIAbLES HOSE VAL UE WA S SP EC IF I ED ON
UNPUT . ' / 7 X o ' I NDI CATE VAKI AiLtS WHOS E \ALUE WAS CHANGED FROM T HA
<T SP tC I F I EO ON I NPUT . S EI: NO T ES AtOVE FOR CHANE S MADE . ' J
L Lnt K tlA VAI AL ES FOR PATH T O T A' E
11 l l UU T . Ni . OI Q1U
I f I IERAH ( 5 J . t. . SeNS I 0 TD 1 03
I f 1 PtRAM( 4 l . LE . O. l l GGT U 1 0 1
C CALC ULA T I ONS Fu P AANETR I C \ARI AtLE S
II(W i l o 2 l = KNUl l l o 2 1 + S T EP
I f I INOW i l o 2 1 . GT . PcRAM ( 3 1 1 GUTL 100
K 1 k ( o , 7 1 CcN,'AM o T M I N
iR l T E | o , o l lcAM( l l o KNUW ( 1 o 2 1
1R l f t ( o , 2 71 NLOC K , N\AR
UL T L 30
100 KNCw l l o 2 1 = P cRA/. ( 2 1
101 I Ttt = I TER 1
C LHLL 6 I f hJKT HE R Al?kOACH T EMPERATURES ARE TO BE CALCUATED
I HI TEMP ( I TtK I . t Q. O . O I . OR. ! I T ER. EQ. B l l GOT C 5
TM IN = T EMI( 1 Ick I
R i f E ( 6 , 7 1 (CNN Ao T M I I
l f ( P tkArH 4 l . Nt . 0. 0) .RI T E i t ot l PERAMi l l o KNOW !l o 2 1
Wkl f f ( o , 2 7 1 NdLOCK , N\AR
GC TO 30
103 LtAVt = 1
1 0! 8LuN
trD
COIf iG CORE REU I RtMENT S 0020&d B YT ES
PAGE 0005
|
U
|
TABL 0~IX SUBR0INC PAM!
tUK1KAN 1 Y HUUc L F b Yc K N J Lc VcL A1 c 1 HU NAY 1 3, 1971
0001 >UKU NL F A Hl K NU
C H o bUbKLU1 L NL c 1 cN N Lb 1 Hc LALLULA 1 N KcK UbcU K bUbKU1 Nc
LNt l KL NU F l l K KUU1 Nc b cN> 1 l N 2 1 . A U ltcHLN 1
L CALCUL AT ION Kc K HA Y qc Nc(c >bAKY l UK 1Hc 1 H bUbb b cL AUbc l cKcN1
C L hlKHA1 UN I o KcwU Kc lUH Uc> N AN KA1 NU LALL ULA1 N b o N1 c
C NLY THt Xr1ANcK FAK1 Ol 1H UbKU 1 Nc 1 o ll cKcN1 K 1 HL 1 #
L L1 Lhb o JL LALL Unc Uc1 cKH NcU > > 1UKL ! N. I BLOCK.
L eK 1LN DJ L = HUl"ANN U o o o L o LrLN o cNo ULF1 o L V
0002 KLAL INUW, l NP uf
UUJ l A cucK 1 Kl ; KOAU l < t o K LU1 y bNU 1
COMMUN/8LK4/ I JUT ,N VAR , No lOC I t KNO l d0 t3 1 , 8LCKI 20 t 1 b l r
L LwL l Z y P cAH l V r LUNNAHl L
000! tA I A dLANK y NPU1yU |U1f H . 3J N; 3J JcxJ
0 QA 1 1 YPc 1 e1 YZAt 11 Fc<d v1 YFcA y1 YFLd / HcXLHy HUbUyHLbI Ny
L 4r a Lu- 4h:: IN/
0007 I Ll F
0008 DO 5 I L v d
0009 5 o LU l =
C LUc K tVcKT oLULK N VcN F KUbL cH
L U\1 1 , NOL0.K
FAL L
C > L AKLHy N UKU|K 1 HA1 UL A1A Vc Ns lK bLULb 1HA 1 LAN bc LALLULA 1 c
L U U C U = L r NdLL
OU nu LON;J UtK LUL > 1HA1 AKc ALKcAUY KUcKL
001< 0U I K = < r l
1 0 l l bLU Kl K L o L Qo J l It U V
0014 l I1 LLL U v Z J +Nco1 YF c L UU 1
u015

L 1
001 8
00.1 9
00.0
0ZL
0ur2
002J
Z^

<
00
002 8 .
00.9
U1

a
U
0034

00 36
C
6 FKc> cN1 ULU b A Hc A1 cALHANUcK
6
10 1 5 1 y
KUA l K 0
L 1 lA =
L LhLUc ULb KcU F1 UN LUNt bb N F A1 H K b FNb 1 \ KA 1 N FA1H
UU fU Z y r N
C LcI h LALL HUb 1 NN dA1 c b AN TWO 1cHF b FLUb "NAX" K 1HKcc 1 cNFb
ZU KHA cI = C
KKA Z = 0
I1LLLK l q y LQ+ bL ANK KKA1 c L = 1
1 t l dLULK U y 1 = c U ob LANK KKA1cZ #
Lu 5 K= 8 : l I
l l l bL \. Kl J y K o cUo NFU1 I oUK o bLLhl J t K + cQ oU1FU l I 1K 8~ 7 " 1
uu *L tNVAH

I f l dLu OI J - 4 I .cuaNUN l A y I KA 1c l = I
l o L|JLK l u y I o co nNUn l n 1 KKA1 cZ * l
lf i :LOCK I . , I . c<. KIOw i iK , . l 1 K l K1l = I
Z I r LLLK l J y A =w .KNUd l y L I KAl h1 = Kh
Z Lh1I NUc
l l ^KA*KK A 1LZ oN c + Z u 1
t l H L *H l z o cw +U l o UK o l 1 n *1K l LQ oU I !J 90
ll l 1n L l 1K Z I * 1K l *1 Kl + L1 e = ANUo I ( T K I I +1K l Z 1 K 1h
l .L T . 2.UR . dLUCK( J , 5 l .EQ ,tLANKl l u0 TO VU
C FL 1H a cXLl ANucK I N LALLULA1 UN b LHcNc
UL\+L l = J
tu o I - -
2o ! l KLAU K o Nc o I KN KA l K I = NUh l KAl K r l
|
U
l
FORTIAt I V
DOH
0031
00 3\
00/O
0041
00i2
0043
0044
004!
OO<b
OC47
OO't
0049
0050
0051
0052
OOSJ
UU
0055
005b
0051
0051
0059
OObO
00b1
OObl
00{3
00<4
006!
OObb
OObl
OObt
00t 9
0070
007 1
oou.
00 7 3
0 0
00 7 5
00 1b
007 7
00 7 1
007 9
00<0
OOtl
OO<l
OO!D
0064
00 t5
MOOEL 44 P!
TALE D~IX lconInued)
VERS ION 3- LeVEL 3 DA Te THU MA Y 1 3 , 1 971
U TO 100
C RAT I NG C A LC -- MLS T KNCW RAT E S AND I NPUT T EMPERATU R ES .
30 :R CCUT = 0
SIUiT * 0
IF l e LOCK I J , 4l . EQ. dLANKl T R i l l = 1
1 F I IUCK I J o 1 l tl .tL ANK l TK I 2l = 1
I f I BLUCKI J, I l . cl. i fPUT l T R i l l = 1
If I BLOC Kl J, lOl . E Q. I NPUT l T R I41 = 1
UL 3 5 K = 1t fVAR
If l tLOC K I J o 41 . t. . KNCW ( K , 3 1 I T R i l l = 1
If l cLUCK I . , 1 l . tU . KNUW I K , 3 l l TR i ll = 1
I f l tLCC I J, o l . c 0 - INOw i K dl l T R OI = 1
I F l tLUC KI Jt l CI . L. KNUw i K , J l I T R ( 4 ) = 1
I f l tLOCI I J , I . cJ . KNUo l l, ll l SRCOU T = K
. 5 If ( dlCCKI J, l l l . t. o K"lw i K. l l l ! NKOUT a K
IF I I K$ l l + TI I 21 + TR L il + TR I 41 I . LT . 4l GO TO 90
C PUT T h l! tXCHANGIk I N CALLULAT IIN SCHEME
l l LOCKi l l = .
l F 1 5KCUU T . NE . Ol KNOwi SRCOUT , 3 l = KNOW( SRCOUJ , l l
1 F I llU T . 1c o O I liUw i :N., JUT , J l = KNOWI !NKUUT , 1 l
ULU 1
lO LuiT lNUt
l f I I UL.LK U . I . N t . rYt tlA I . AND . ( BLUCK I J , I . N E. T YP c21 I I GUTU 60
c
.
PAGE 0002
C PIUS I:N T tLUCI J S AN "N" WAY DI VI DtR. NUST KNOl N RAT ES Al0 1 TEMPERATURE.
6
UL l 'O 1=1 t l.
140 kiO I K ) = 0
I RAT E = 0
I IL.*P = 0
CU 4 1 K= 1 , 5
l f l lLGCK ( J ,2 *K+5 1 . EQ. BlANKJ GO T O 1 41 '
' l N1 Hll = K
1 41 BLCK I J , b l = NOV O
LA S T = + 2 * NOV O
l f l d LOCI Jt 4l . E Q. B lANKl I RAT E = 1
I f l lLCK I J o l . to . I NP UT l l T tMP = 1
UU j 1 = l o NVAR
l f l tLUCI ( J , 41 .Ei .KNOWI K, 31 1 I RAT E = J RATE+ 1
l f l bLICK ( J , 4 1 .t . .INuw ( K, l l l ROADi l l = K
1 1 I B LLC K I J , 5 1 .E Q. KNUW I K , 3 1 I l T EMP = 1
H. lbLULI I J , l .tl .INU. I K, l l l IWAU I 21 = K
LL 42 L = 7 o L AT ,2
lf l tLOC K I J o l i . E . KNOi d K , 31 l I RAT E = I RATE+l
I I I &LuLI I J , L I . E !.KNuW IK , l l l RUAD( L-41 = K
I F I B LOCK C J , L+ l l . EQ. KNC ( K, 3 l l I T MP = 1
'2 11 l lLUCI I J o L+ U . tl . KNUWI K . l l l ROAD ( L-3 1 = K
43 LLM UL
l f I I TNP. Lwo U l GUTO 90
l f i i NCVu - II A1L I .(T . O J GOT O 90
C PUT T HI S Dl l utr I NT O CAlll LAT I UTI ORUEI
I l LUCK I l = J
L 4b I = l , l l
4 b l HR.Aui K I .NE . .O l KNGW I ROAU I KI , 3 l : K NOW I ROADIK i o 1 1
GOTO 100
|
O
U
tK HN L V
d
00&7
0018
dV

V1

00\
0094
ov
'
0097
U0
VV
0 1 00
L
010a
0 1 03
h
Ol Oi
L
L
L
L
L 1
L L L
&
O l l l
L 9
L L
O l U
0 1 1 7
L d
L L
0 1 .0
0 1 2 1
01 2Z
01.3
0 1 24
<0
&
L 4
<
nuutL +4 r>
TAL DIX l cOntInued)
VERS I ON 3, L bY LL 3 L HU NT + L
oO l f l l tLUKI J,l l . NE. TYPidAl . ANO. l tLOCKI J t2 l . Nt:TYP13 6 l l 94
L
L rKLbLh LLh J S N "N" STkEA. SUMMER. MUS T hNV N RATES N N TEMP S.
L
Q loO K " L L4
160 ROAO I KI ^
h L = 0
lrF = 0
L h* 0
l l 0LL 4 Z7l o Lo 0LNh TO 1 61
61 hUP = "
o ULLI F U D " f!UM
LA = Z * NUM
l f ( IH CCKI Jo 4 ) .E i . BL ANK I K L a 1
l I l LLh U l o L o UU rUl I TtMP =
]Q O K 1 NVAh
l f ( tiICII J r4 l . tl .KNOw iKt 3) ) I RAT E = IRAT E +l
l f l o LOLKI J o 41 . \. KNUw i K, l l l h l = K
tOL^ l J aL =NNUn l h CN F LNr
t lLULh l U o Lo hU l h L RA 1 2 = h
U oc L * 7 r LAT , 2
t dLLLh Jr L = = hNUH lK l l K h L
I F ULUL6t U L o LU+ hH l h v L hU L*9 h
1 1- ldLUCK I . t L+ L o Lw= hNUb 6 l LNr = LN*
6 l HIi.LLII J t L+ l l . llKNObi Kt l l l HU L"> = K
6 3 LUN NUC
l l NUM 1Nr o o bU 90
1f I l uN KA q l o U o l 0uIu 90
VU M SUMMeR N U LLLUL N ORDER
LCF F J
UL h * L L d
61 l F I RDADI K l . Nt . O . Ol hNN KU hl - J l = hNn hP h v
ULO too
CCIT l NUE
C PTu LNNU F IND LLLUL N UKh h LLh CANNOT BE I DENT I F I ED
! CUT F l
= 1 -L
t o L L o HK c l b c A N
l L + o nK L l0 Y4 l h NUv l DLLh l Lh l A l r l r h
92 tUhM LH LA \l ' *1' 1 ' t LUhL N bUbKle NL M h N * Is
l ' - L LLUL rU , l01 ' *? ' 1 125X, rK L r H b FOLLO
- " 4 U l 4 " "
RE TURN
9' LU = 1
WR1 T t l o , 93 1 h NU LUL h L
V tUh 1U L Uy l " 1" fAI LURE N bU0KU NL rH h N , H ,
1 1 T LLh Z , LN U L LN L " L l " *1 l
8L JuoN
LN JNUL
KLUhN
CNU
r1M KL REQU I RI:fthTS O OlJBC BYT ES
rL 0003
r
U
+
fR TRAI l l
0001
0 0 02
0003
0004
000!
OOOo
0007
0006
0009
001 0
00 1 1
001 4
00 I
0014
00 1 !
OOlb
0 0 1 7
00 16
0 0 19
00.0
0021
00z2
003
<
00.5
O lo
0027
0026
0029
OOJO
0031
0032
00J3
OOH
003!
00 3b

O O .H
0039
OO<O
C
L
6
6
6
6
6
C
TML D~X SUBRUTIN BXCNC
MOUE L 4. VERS I ON 3, UVEL 3 DAT E 1hU K l lt 197 1
SUiRUUTl Nt tXHNu{ LUAOl
rtH S :U8RUUTI Ii: LALCULAT ES !Nil \l lAl HEAT EXChANG E R VAR I A8LE S . F IR ST
ANY UNKNOwN : Io UAM 1cHPc K UKc o ARE CA LCULA TED SO THAT LALH EXCHANGER
IS l Hc A UALANLc o N.XT , EX CHANGE R ARE A I S FUUNO l.! IN u 1Hc Ur U r
UELIA THt TA OEI GN Mt THUO. E RROR NcS S uc ARt P RI NT E D IF UAT A ARE l N
chHH AN " IMPOSSl cLt" SI TUA T I N I S GI VtN l A N c XCHANG ER o
kRl T T N DT Eo HOHMANN -- U . S . C. CHtM. bG. DtPT . -- 970
COMMON/ bLK l T ch rLEAVI, L E Tl 4) , PNAME { 10) , cHP 1 , TMl llr U 1 0, 1 OJ
I IIttcR f L A.
Kc.L LUAU Z
t ntLa l \ AIulll NU UR LNUcN b NU S TRE AM P R SENT
tLA = LU L
Lr l LAo o cwo Io ANU o LUAUl o Nc o LUA J U TO 1
t l LAu o c Z o ANU o LAU NL =LAU U GO TO 0
C tH tC K FOR UNK IUwN TtMPtRAIURES
I 0
= 0
L t LA o c oo L l 3
L t LAU 9 ocw l * 9
L t LLA\ l = cQ =U + Z *
iHLUAU( c =L U + o Ol l " o
L LALLULA1 c tLA L UAU
t l 4 c o LOAO {o l = LUAO I L I *ASS I LOA04 5 l -LOAO I 6 1 )
IF ( l l .EQ . OI L\A l * LUAO ! l i *AUSI L UA0 1 3 l -LOAU( 4 l l
I F { f lAU, E . l l l OAO I 8 = Lll All I
L t l LAu+ c e Z LGAOI 8 l ~ LOA l Z
1F i t l l . EI Ol . UR . I l 2. tQ. OJ I GO TO 20
C 1 n L TEMPt RAT URt) ARE UNKNUw N, CALCULAT E THEM AND 1M6 HE AT lOAO
IF I I I LOAD Lw+ 0, 01 , A. I LGt0 (4 I . EQ. O .0 l l . CR. t i LACI l E.0 .0 l
l . ANL o i L J AU{ b i .EQ .O . O l l l uU 1U
Lt l + c o A l o c .. c l l GO 12
tl o L w o 9 4NU + o c<o GO TO L
t l 4 o co I U T 0 9
C CE TEMPe RATuRE AT EACH ENO OF T HE EXC HANGER !S KNOWN
LOA0 1 3 1 = LOA J 6 l TM I N
LAU d ~ LUAU ! lL UAL LUAU
LUA 2 = LUAtH b -LOA01 8 l / L OAU i ll
l fULoAul l + TMIN I .Uo .LOAOI .. l l GO TO
LCAJ ( ; ) = LUA01 4 J - r M I N
LUAJ I 6l = LJAI JI l t LUAO i bi - LOA0 { 5 ) )
LUU * LUAU 4 +L UAO l d ILUAU 1
L L 40
9 LOAD I 4 l LOAOI 5 1 + IM I N
LLA0 ( 8 1 = LUAUi l l * llOADI 3 1 -LOA0 { 4 1 1
UiAO ( ol = UJAul hLUAOI 6 1 / L OAUI 2 1
l f ! I L UAIl l t l +T MIN I . L . LUAL i J I I lO 10
Lu40l 6 J = LOA UI 3 -1 Mi N
Ll1AU = LOAUI 2 l * I LOAO( b l -LOA0 1 5 1 1
Lu4J ~l = LUAOI 3 l -LOAUI 8 1 /LUAOI l l
GC f L 40
C 0 TEMPt RAT UKt : A T ONt fNU OF THE EXCHANGER ARE UNINOW I
12 !uNTI IOE
l F I L CAO i l i /LOAD ! 2 l o L . l . O l GO 1U 9;
AGc 000I
I
U
U
fOR AN 1 V
OO <l
0042
OO~3
004'
004
0041
0041
0048
004'
0050
OO!l
0052
0053
00 !>4
0055
00>6
00 57
01) 8
u0>v
OO oO
0061
0012
OOo3
Ouo4
00t5
0066
OO o7
0068
0069
00 70
0011
0J7
00 73
0074
0075
00 76
0071
0076
0079
0080
00 61
0012
0013
MODtt 9 P:
TALE c0nt1nuod)
VtR: lON J, L E VE. 3 DA TE THU IV l 3 t 1 97 1
LOAO I SJ I LOAOI 41 -LOADI 5 1 -T M I N I *LOAOi l i *LOAOI 2 1 / I LOAOI 1J-L0AO I 2 l l
L0AO C 3 LOAul 4l +LUAO l 81 /LOA01 1 1
LAO I 6 1 = LOAu I 5 1 LOAl 8 l /LUA UI 2 l
uu T 0 40
lS COIT INUE
I F I LlAO i l J/LUAOI ZI .ut . l. O I GU T O 95
LOAt H 11 = I LUAU I 31 -LOAOI 6l -TMI NI * LOAOi l l *LOAOI 21 / I L OAOI . U -L OAOI l l l
LuAO I 4l = LUA Ot 3 1-LOAD l d i /LOAOI 1 1
t0u l > l luAll t I -LOACh! l iLUA0 ( 2 1
tU TU 4 0
20 CL IT 11uf
l F I 1 l . tQ. Ol GO TC 30
C lAL( ULAT E THt : l NI> lE UNNOWN !OURCE TEMPE RA TURe
I f l !- c w.3 I LlAO l3 l Ll AU( 4l +LOA01 8 liLOAO t ll
l f l l l . tw. 41 LUAU I 'l LllAU t 3 1 -LUAUI 6 l / LUAU ( l l
GU T 40
30 Clll lNUE
!F 1 1 2 . t<. Ol G O T O 35
C LA LCULAT f THt S I NLE UNNUWN S INK TEMPERA TURE
J HI 2 . t:. 5 l IOAO I : l * LUAU l o i -LUAOit H/ LOAOI 2 1
lf i ! L .tw . o l LOAD I 6 1 tUADI 5l +LOADI 81 / t0A0 1 2 l
UL lt 0
3! 1.CMl tUE
C LxL4nuc 1 OVER SPtC !F I EO . CHECK I F SPEC I FI CATI ONS A8 C0886I .
l f ( f lAu. E.l l uO T O 37
IMV : LUAO I 5 1 +LOAO I S I /LUAO I 2 1
I f l A: I T MV-LUAUI ol l .Gf .0 2 1 WRl T E ( 6 , 36 1 LOAD I 1.) s L0A0l 6 -lMP
Jo F;RMAT I 1 H0 , 1 tXHANGE ! BLOC. 1 , A2t ' JS OV ER SP EL I FI E O. , THf OUTPUT
! S I N STItA. TcMPEKATURE IS BE I NG CHANG iO fKlM , F7 . 1 , TO ,F7 . 1 )
WAD I o l TMJ
UL T 0 40
37 Hl = LO AU i li ~LuAO | i ) /L0ADi l l
I f l 0SI T HI-LuAU 1 41 l . GT .0 < WR IT I I 6 t 38 I LOAD{ 12 1 , l1ADI 41 , TMP
3d fLRMAT I I HC , ' X(. HANGE R 8Lu0 ' , Al t ' Io CV tR SPtC! Fl EC. THE OUTP UT
l !UuRl.l H LN f t MI' fKAT Ui I S tt l NG CHANuED FR011 , F 7 . 1 t ' TO' ,F1 , 1 J
iliALl l 4 l = TMP
C Cli C K Te MP b Uf 1 0TH :IRt AI; TO SIE IF THEY vARV N RI GHT DIRECT I ON
40 l F I LCAu i J I .LT .OAll 1 4l l uO TO 85
l f i L CAO I I . T . LUAD i o l l GO T O 87
C CALC U.LA f l: Ttlt fA ' ; FOR CUUNT I RCURkiNT E XCHANliR.
i.CA0 ( 9 ) = LUAL ( 3 1 - lOAOi o l
lCAU t lOJ " LOAu l 'l LOAUI I
l f H L.. A01 9 l . L t .O .O I .UR ,( UlAOI lOl , IE . O. Ol l G C TO 90
C iAlC ULAf E Dt l T A IH ET A AND ARE A FOR EXCHAGER
LOAu l l l l = lt LTA I L OA< l 91 , LOAl l l Ol I
lF I I LOAUI 9 l . L T . UII N- .Ol . OR , ( LOAD I lOl . LT. T M! N. O.H l
1 bl IL l , HOI LUADi l l l
6 0 fURMAT I UI Oo 1 t ACHA'GcR BL OCK ,A2 , ' \ I OLA TE S rH NI MUM
.
T EMPERAfURE OF
1 AkPRLIAC H CuNST KAI NT ' I
LLAJ ! l 21 = LOAUi ll / I U.iAU Hl *LOAO ( l l ) l
KHURN
L fLLt Lo !nu ARE cRRO R MESS AGE T HAT RI: SULT I F E XCH CAN NO T BE CALCULATED
8 1 R l fl 6 , 82 1 tOAO i l Z l
d2 Ft.kMAT i l iO r ' l fXCHANiER BLOCK 1 r A2, ' THE SOURCE STRE AM I S CONDENS
l iNG 8uI 0I rrc8tnT l btc1 ANU OUTLET T EHPERATUES WER E G I VEN , ' )
PAGE 0002
l
U
O
fORTHAN IV
008'
00d5
OO!b
00<7
ooae
UO9
0090
0091
0092
00\3
0094
0095
0096
0097
ou 9l
0099
O .l OO
01 01
01 0.
O l OJ
0 1 0"
01 OS
0 1 06
TAL D~X loontLnued)
MUCIL * P S VIRS ION r LEVEL 3 OA TE HU hA 1 3 t 1 971
(U J U 100
83 IR I T. 1 6, 841 LOD C 1 21
o F.RMAT i l lO, ' l t FXLhN6L8 BLOCK ; AZr THE SI NK STREAM I S APORl ll N
U UU Ul ff!RcNT I N LET AND OUTLET T EMPERATUR ES WERE GI VfN . ' l
U 100
85 WR 1f ( 6 , 8 b l LUAO ( l 2 1
61> tLK1 l L Ht N L AHANLK 6L0CK ' t A2 t ' T H E S CIRCE ST REAM T EMPI:RATIR
1 1S NLH C> NUo bUnLLT AN I MPOSSI B LE S1 TUATI ON. ' l
L T C 1 00
87 hh L ! t Ud LA l L c
bd fll iAT i l liO , ' I N L A= lNULH BLOCK y Z 1HL bI NK S TRIAM fEMPI RATVKE
1 1 . Olt. it A:INu . bUKLLT AN l .PO:S l BU: S HUAT ION . ' l
UU 1 O l u O
'10 HKI T L 6 , V 1'l L A 1 1 2 1
91 UKHA1 l L H y c XLMANcK LU ' , A2 , 0 I S I MPOS S IBLE BE CAUS E Of ThHA
LYLUL b LmUAL lu ck0 0k L! 5S. ' l
L L 1 00
93 nnI 1 L l o v > LUl <
tO#1 L Hv " I N L A HNLh BLOCK 0 t A2 t ' TWO TEMPERATURES ARE UNKNOWN
.lK UL oL~H Ai U oUUuT I NE LAHN (AN NUT RICVEK . ' l
b0 J0 l OC
95 nK 1 1 L v J L UAl L Z
V tLrHA 1L HU y c ALl!ANU LH 6LuLK ' t Al t ' CA NUT B E UIQI ELV OETtRMI NIO
l tcLA U:E L T w U UNNNUnN 1LHrb ARI NOT BOUNOE() . ' I
100 LL4J l l ~ 0. 0
Lu40I J l * O. 0
LUAU l Z - 0. 0
8EIudb
Lhu
X Ln6 tORE RE-I I REMENTS OOOF5 4 B YT E S
PAGE 0003
r
U

FORTRA I V

000
OOOl
OOO'
0005
000o
000 7
0006
0009
0 0 1 0
00 1 1
OO ll
OOH
OOJ'
0 0 I 5
00 11
00I 7
0018
0 0 19
u0
ou 2 1
002
OO<.
oo.H
0025
00<c
00 2
0028
00.9
OO JO
OO:
0 0 32
003 3
003'
d
003 1
0 0 37
0036
0039
OOiO
OO'l
OO'2
004J
MODEL 'i PS
TALE D-XI SUBROUTINE DIVIDE
VE RSI ON J, LEVel 3 OA Tt ThU MAY 1 3 , 1971 PA\E
SUSKCUT l Nt OI V I Oti J I
THl) SUdROUTI Nt CALCULAT ES UNKNOWN J NFORMA T I CN F OR STREAM DI V IDERS .
I f OIES H tb U US IN A MASS lALANCE VEK THE OJ V l DE R 1 1L E T S TREAH AND
6
C
C
C
L
ALL CUTl E T ;)JiC AMS , S!NlE ALl HRE AMS LEAV IN T HE ClVf i ER A8t ASSUM ED TO
6

St A T T Ht SAK E T EMP ERA TURe , NO E N THALP Y A LAhC E I S RtUI R tO .

Rl T fEN HY o "R I FfN ANO F . HOHMANN -- U . 5 . C . C HEM . tNG. OE PT . -- I 70
Rb ll. KNUW, INPUT
COMCN/oLK2/ )0URCE C 10 o 8l o S I NK C l O o 6 l , NS ORCE, Nl NK o HSORLt t HS I NK
LuMMONII. t4/ l uU T , .IIV.R , NrlOC K , rNOW I 80 ,3 Io bl UCKI 20 : JI ,
l l 8lt.CKI 20 1 ; Pc A* C9 l o CINN AM i l O I
Ul t h) l UN HULUC 1 2 1 o rHOLU C l l l
t1 I NPUT ;H'PI2Ao TVPE Z: o ii. ANK/3H Tl No 4HOSOU o4110! 1 N t 3H I
CL > K=l , 1 2
HOl.O I ! l C. O
5 lLI. C I II
1r = o . o
IAk. 0
uuI 0 =
lbilNCH SLOC IJ ,b l
L lt: icKMI Nt RA il A N TIHPt RAT URE VALUE: A ND ST ORAE LCCAT i ONS .
LL 0 I= 1 t 11 A
uu 2 0 l=l oNBKNCH
1 f l t lUCI I J o 5+ l*I. I NE . KNOW( K , l l l G O TO 1,
IHH.Il 2* l +l l = K
HLLU 1 2*L + l l KNOI 1 Ko 3 1
1 5 l f l tiiUCI I J o b 2*L I NE .KNOWI K t l l l GO TO 20
KhlL C i l*L+2 1 = K
HULJ I Z *L + 2l KNOW I K o ll
I F UNUi i K , JI .NE . O . O l IEM = KNOWI K o 3 l
0 C0hI buc
lr ( t LOC C J , 4l . NE . KNOW I Ko l l l GO TO 2 5
l1l (LO ( l l " K
11lv l l l uuoI K,J I
25 l f ( rLOCK I J , , I .NE . KNOWC Ko l l l G O T O 3 0
lHlLU i l l K
H.. Lu l 21 KNU. C r ,3 l
30 L iNUE
l f l oLCI C J t 2 l .NE .TYPc2AI 0 I0 35
I F C IUCK( J , 4 1 . E . diANKI HOlUi l l " S ORCE C SICCK IJ o 3 l t 3 1
l I u.tJ Cl J - I .cJ.bPulI 10l. DC Zl " SOUHE I BLOCK ( J , 3 l , 4) .
35 IF | o tuL I J I . NE . T YP Ztl GG T C 40
lf C oLUCI C J o 4l . r . b LANKI HOL D( l ) = S I NK! 8LUC K ( J ,3 l o 3 l
l f ( .; LLCK C J , 5 J .1\ . I NPUT ) HLUI 2 1 " S l NK ( tlOC K C J o 3 l r 4l
LALC tLAT I: UNhhO h KATE ANU S E T ALL H :MPERAT URES EQU A
40 1 f.IHOL 2 I .N 1:0 I TEM HULU L 2 1
l f i HCL0 ( 2 1 . NE . O I KtOw i KHl OI I t 3 l = T EM
UU 4 ! K=l t NdKNl.H
IWUT = KOJT +Hut. D I . *1 + l l
l f C HLLUC 2 *1+l l . t . O .O I MAKK = 2*K+l
1f lIHOLJ l Z*K+ 21 . M- O. 0 -AND. ! HellO ( 2*K+2 l . NE . TEMl l
1 8 l I E (b t 'll oLUCr IJ , 1 1 , KNUW I KHOLOI 2*K +2 l , 1 J ,HOLDI 2*K+2l , f5 h
42 FOiKAf l l HU , 1 I N O I V I OtcR ILUI. K ' , A2 , 1 THe T EMPEkAT UkE fROM V AlUAti E
" t Jt C , fb . lo ' l DUE : NuT AGREE WI TH 01 \l OER TEMP OF ' ofo. l l
I
U
U
fUR TRAN V
0014
OO#5
OO#o
OO#7
0046
004'
00!0
00!> .
005.
0ODJ
C
0054
00>5
0056
0057
005d
MUOEL 4! Pl
TALE D-Xl nn
VIRS l ON J; LcVFL 3 OAT t MAY 13, 1971
ND lf i !HOiU I .*l+ 2l . NE . O I !UWI KHOLDI 2*K+2 ) r l = I EH
IF lbLLUt l i . NE .0 l ANC. I h488.EQ .0 I ) GO TO 50
II ( ( HuLO i l l . tl. O. Ol . AIU. I KHULO i l l . NE .: ) l KNCWI KHCL O( l ) , ) ) " ROUT
l f( I MARK . Ii. O J .O I . I KHOLUI HARK I . E Q. O I J GO T O ~9
4w i KHGLO I HARKI ,3 1 HuLOi l i -KOUT
li I JNU,I KHuLI I MA RK I , 3 1 .! T . O . O I \O TO 49
w R lT i t o, 47l LU KI J, l ) , KNOWI KHUL O I HARK ) , ll
47 f OR.AT ( l H0 , 1 H; U I V I DIR b lULK A2 - BRANCH RAT E , A), ' HU ST 8F NEG
lAT vL tIh our Ju Dc 11 IASS BALAN E. BRANCH SE T E!UAL T C lERO. ' I
Kllw ( KHuLU IHAIK ) , ) ) = 0 . 0
R Rt lURN
lATC: uvE8 c0 I F l c0. CHECK lF WI THI N TOLEIAhCE
50 L t h L HULU i l l
IrI4 o > tuI|tl UI . I . 0L ~0>H Ol I l l l WRI TE lo , 5 1 I DLOCK I J . 1 I ;0I FF
51 fO R. :T i l HO , ' !N O IHviR bLvC K , A 2 , ' ONE OF , THE BRANCH S TREAMS SHOU
1 LD de CHANtu lY ' r 1 P e l l . 4r ' Ll/Hk Tu PUT U l V L UfR IN MAS 8A LANCE 1 1
R l tUII
tNt
01 \I OE COR E REIUl REIiHS l00A20 BYT ES
P GE 0002
I
U
U
tUKN 1 1

000

0005
0u0o

0000
UUUV
U

4
0u\
00 +
1 2
UUL
001
I
00l
a
002
&4
0<J
Z
005
00c
<
(
U<V
00J0
J
4

0034

0UJo
*
U

9
hL
4
h
00-
0
TALE 0~XII SUBRUTINE SUN
HUUL L 4 P5 YLH> UN LLY LL C lU T 0r
0UUU N UH 4
rL
L
0
L
6
L
C
U bUHUU NL LALLULA1C> UNhNHN Nl HNA LN tK 0KN LH K cN bUNcK oo
L UOLb HL> bT U> 1NU NULANLUo Nb b N cNl1LrY DALAL> LVbH HL
bUFHLK NLL o HL P PN 1 HC NL L UU 1 L L 1 5K cANo
LN o o uK lL N N L HHNNN u. S o L o LHCN o CN o Cr * !
hL L 6b
LUNMUNILhZ?oUUKLc 0 r vaNh r ; mUHL c y a mr HoLKLc yHo NF
LLHNUN7L h9f UU1 NYK y NLL hr 6NU y b LLhl 4 v L 0
L U LOL6 < y F I1ANl V v LLhNN L
OL N UN HLU I Z v FL Z
LA1 LJ lU1 y TrLy 1rLb ULNKOU1LAy U>>U yU>>N v U I
uu h~L L
rLL l k ~
3 ILL F "
HU -
NHNn = 0
AKK = 0
NbrNL|1 LUL Fl 4 v
L LL1LHN NL KA c N LNrKUc VJUCb N bKL L Nbo
LO J h v NVAK
UU cL L ~ L r Rdn NH
l oLUv- n u r ^4L o Nc ohNHl hy 1 TO
FULL ZL*L 6 F
twL l Z L* = 6NU4F v
hLU = KLU *6 NUd lA v
l hNH l K v t o L+ o HKhh a Z*L*
l ULULK J y 0 ^Z*L o NL o fN h + Z
FhLLl ZL F
UUL l z*L*Z ~ NUH h
l HOn rs > o L l MKh Z*L*4
20 LLh1 NUL
l l ULULKl y o NL o FNn hy L w Z7
LL L = A
UI.L L ~ hNU A t
<7 1t dLULK J y l oNL ^NUN l hv Lf G O
h! LLu < h
ULLU l ZI * FNOl F v 3
LuNJN!JL
l LLL6 J t =N L = T C3 U 7
t l oLLLn U y o L w o ULNh HULU l L > UHLL LLLF 4 r s
l L oLOL h J v cU =U1rU UL < = bUHLb LLhl 4v v 7
l U LULf J vZ o NL T L>I UU h
t l d LLLK w r hI o Lw LN^ HUL = > Nh l LL h l 4 v
l oLLl 4 v oc w U1 rU HLl 4 = > NF LL Fl 4v r 7
C LALLLA 1 c UNFUh N KAL NU UNFNhN cNcKUKc
NA -: ho LU o o N ULU L = NL o o I uu b
1 l Kh= LL . UO U b
tLLU l NAdFK ~ UUL L I hUU
1 t1UL Ul NAht\ o u1 l u U h
o I J f I o, ~ ULUL F d v r 6NUH hHL NH6 K I y L
9 |LkAAI l I - W UK LUL6 AZ KANLU KL NU 0c N
L 1 c F08 bLOL 1 C N NA> AL ANLo bKANLH bc c UL TO ZIRO. ' J
HLU Nn6K o
I
O
L
FORT RAN l V
OO'c
0047
0048
0 049
00 50
0051
0 0 5
00 53
00 5'
005 5
00
0051
0051
0059
0060
0061
00o2
00 o3'
0
OOb:
OU61
OObl
00l8
0069
uu 70
0 0 7 1
00 1.
0073
00
00 75
TALE 0~XII (contLnued)
1UUfL r VERS ION Jr Lf VtL 3 DA TE THU MAY 1 3, 1
9& hW I KH OLUI MAKKR I , J I HULU I MAKK R )
4 5 l F I HOLOI l l . NE oO. OI GO T O 50
hLII O = KuUT
l f i KHOLO i l i . Nt . O I KNCw i KHOL D i l l r3 1 : ROUT
!0 RUUT = a. 0
DC 55 K= l , o
I F I HOLO i l * KI . t. O. Ol G O T O 55
HULU ( l *K- l l ' tiLl l . *!-l i *HULDI Z* KI
l F I K . NE . l l uuT RUUT +HOLU I 2 *K-1 l
,5 COM I NUE
I F l l M . K"T co . AND, ( u( ul 2 l . NE a, 0 ) ) GO T O 70
IF l MAkK 4 = Lw01 . ANQ, I KHUUH2 1 .NE .0 I I "NO I K HOL OI Z l , 3. ROUJ /HOLD( 1 1
II I MKK T .ti . 01 . Ui, I KHUllI MARK T l . lw. OI I GO f U 59
KIC. i KH01U I MAtKT i o 3 1 = ( HL Di l i-RUUT )IHULD I MARKT-1 1
l f ( KU.i KHulu i MARKT l , l l o G T . O . O I GU T O 9
WR1 T t ( o, 71 IOC KI J , l l tKNUw ( KHOLUI MARK ll t l i
5 7 FI.RMAl l l MOt ' I N SUMM!: R tiCK 1 o A2, ' H:MP 1 o A 3, ' MUST B E NEGA TI VE fO
lR b.UC K TU L ! N rE AT A LA'Ct. T E MP S ET E "UAL T C lEkO . ' I
59 RHuKN
C RATeS UV EK j PECI F l tl, CH ECK I F w i THI N TOL ERANCE
bO Ur = ROUT - HULO I l l
t o I Jt f= u . 1 . 01-0!*HOL Ui ll l wR{ c lo - 651 !LOCK I J I, HOLD! 1 1 t O I FF
o> IuAI ti0 . l N >uhck oL uCo ' t Al, UUT PUT RAT t OF , !Pt l l . 4 t 1 LIUH
lR l n c ! N0 (HANGEU BY , tPE 1 1 . 4 , ' Ll/HR TO EFFEC T M AS S BALAIC E . ' I
HLlO i l l F RiuT ,
l f iHGL0 1 1 1 . NE. OI KNCW IKHUl O i l l ,3 l a ROUT
uU TO 50
C T E PERAT U kb. ARE OV ERSPECI F I ED, C HECK IF W l THI N TOL ERAN'CE
70 U = KUiI /I HULUi l l /HLLO LU I - HOLOI 2 1
l f i A;I O l ff l . uT . 0 . 0 ! 1 11 6 t 75 l B LOC Kt J , ) , HULOi l l , O l ff
75 FCMA t l l H0 , 1 1 N SUhrck tU:iC K 0 , A2, 1 OUT PUT T EMP ERATURE Uf ,F6. l o '
.lf l dE I Nu (HANGI U tY : I o. I s F - U !'vf !vMMER 1 HEAT IALAIC E' )
1 1 I HClDt l i . Nt.O l KNUW l HuL OI Z 1 , 3 l = HOLOI 2 1 0 IFF
RE IURN
I:Nl
SUM CORE REU l Kttf S OOOBEO tYT ES
PAGE 0002
I
O
I
FURTRA I l
0001
0002
OOOJ
(\14
0005
OOCI
000
0008
00 09
0010
UuI
001 2
Oi Hl
0014
00 1 5
00 11
OOl l
00 18
00 19
0020
02L
ooa
002l
004
00.5
002b
002 7
00i8
00 .9
0030
00 31
00.2
UJ
00.$ 4
TALE DXIII SUBnOUTINE SENSIT
M!OEI 44 P S VE R:i ON 3, L EVEL 3 DA T E THU MAY I 3 - I97 I
6
6
6
6
6
L
6
L
6
L
6
6
L
SUBRCUf i NE S E I T
T Hl SU&ROUTJ M SUPE RVI SES T HE SENSI T I VI T' (ALCULAT I ONS fCR THE HEAT
EXCHAII>t NLn\nN UNUIR CONSlLtRAT ION. ONE YS TE M NL T IMPERATURE CR
RAlt I S I ARI E U ANiJ UP IO T wO OTHER T EMPERAT URES OR RATE S MAY BE F I XED.
A LAL CUL AT lJi P A TH 1 : TncN IE Ti RMI NEO IY SuBRuT I NL PAT H. EXCHANGER
All S x>T E H OU rL E T HMPfkAT UK ES AR E T HE N OE TERMI NEO BY T Ht N Tu-tfF RA TI NG
Mt ltiuU I N SUt KUU H Nt NIUIAL. HI AT tXCHANIt ARtAS U StO AR I T h: I
L& CHM NLU Y SUdROU T INE CuNF IG .
R l T l EN t Y l GRi fF EN AMI c . HUHMN -- U . S .C . lliEM EN G. OI PT . -- 1970
RtJL KNOW , INPUT , LuAOi l 21
U0 t P8cLt I uN T Y PE , TY PEAo T YPcB
(,*uNtn1 1 I JtR t LI: A 1t , L t T I 41 r NAME 1 1 0 I , T EMP( I , T MI h. U1 10 ,l 0 I
CtlMLI tli.U" OU RLE 1 1 0 : 8l rS I N! I 1 0 , 8 1 NSORC L NoNK ,H SORCI ,H b b8
tCMMCN/BLK4/ l JU T o NVAR , hBLU(K, KNGW I SO o 3 l , BLCCK I 20 , l6 l ,
l l iLJ U< ( 201 , P tRAI 1 9 J , C UNNAMI l OJ
IATA tLA Mt H HuT , UUTPUT , ! IN :/ 3H , JHT 1 No 3H TtX, 4HS!NS/
OA TYPI 1 YrL ZA, TYPilt , Y Pt l A , T YPE3 d/4Htx CHo 4HOSUUo 'HC IN ,
l 4hS:UU, 4HS: I N/
UA I. I YI' t A , TY PIb tS T AK tiA: , U l f / 8 H SUKCE , I h S INI o 3H * - 6nA5
1 , 41 l ff
L I Eh: I I eRI NT I ' i , T tMPEXI 1 0 o 2 1 t O lfF 1 4 l
J h! T I AL RI T E I NFORMAT I ON
hH I ot I L lNNMI, H1 N, PLRAM ll , PERAM 1 2 I , NBLOCK , NVAR
5 FLIAr l l Hl . l !X, ' fOLLuliiH , ARE T He S!N S l T I I I T V CA LC ULA H CNS FUR '
UCA4 t/// l 1 X t ' rHE MI NIMUM Tt MP c AT URC OF APPRCAI.H I ' tb . l o 1 f . '
2/ 0 HX , ' T f1hE CALCULA T I ONS ARE FUR THE SENSI T I VI T Y V AR I A 6LE '
> A3r I cc NE W VALUE O F ' , f8 , l o
4/JlX , ' THt NUMtltR Of tL UK I N THI S SY. T t M I S 1 o l2t ' ANO '
> - Ir 1 NtW VAH Al ABLt NAMt S ER E GI VEN. ' l
11 l T I AL I ZE vAhI AoLtS AlU iO P REL I MI NARY CAL CULAT ION S
OU l 0 K= l , lO
T t tP EX I r l l = S uURC E I K, 5 l
1 0 lt iPt ) I K o Ll = $ l NK i r. o 5 1
ST tl'" 1 00.
1 F I P tRAM I 4 J . T . O . l l S T EP = I AtS I P ERAM I 3l -PERAMI Z l l l /PERAM ( 41
L L 1 I - N Aft
KiIU, I r 2 l = K |0WI l , 3 l
hL# I I , J l = ULNN
IF ( KNOw( l , l ) . EQ. PtRAMi l l l KN0W I l -3 l = KhOw l l o l l
1 t I KNuW I y l l .L\ .PtRA M( 6 1 I KNOW ( I - 3l = NLW ( l o l l
l F I KNUo l l : 1 I .c w. PtAIl0 I l KNUW I ! o 3 l : KNOW I I . l l
14 CuNT l NUE
LL PAT H I JI NU = ll ANC LHECI THA T SCES Sf uL OROE R WAS OHERHI NEO
CALL PATH I 21
30 L0 3 I l o N VAR
KhLK l l o 3 l 0 .0
i f t KrOwl l ol l .E <.PfKAM U J I KNOW I I , 31 " PERAM I2 1
I f IKNUo d i , l l .tl P ERAMi o l l KN dW I , 3l = PE RAM1 7l
! ( KNUW t l ,l l . tQ.P ERAIWl l l KNtW i l t 3 l = P ERAM ( \ l
d1 CUNT ! NUt
lT GT IL = 0 .0
AHL 0 . 0
l tlH F 0
PAGE 0001
1
|
O

foTRAN l V
003$
OO,h
0037
0038
0039
0040
0041
0042
00-d
0044
OO'!
0041
0047
0041
UV
00!0
0051
OO:2
0053
OC5t
00,,
00:6
0057
0058
0059
0060
0061
OOtZ
0013
=
065
OOob
0011
0068
U0>
0070
ou 1
0072
00
OOH
007 !
00 71
0011
0078
0 0 79
TALE D~XIII (contInued)
MOCIL '4 PS VERS I ON 3, LEV EL 3 OAT E T HV MAY 1 3, 1971
lF I I OUT. NE . OI GOTO 80
lK IT C o, 131 1 llLOCK I I tlOCK l i l t l l t l l o NI LOCK I
Ul F ORMAT i l H rl OXo ' BLOC K CAlCULAI I ON ORDER US ED I S # 1 r A2o l9 C ' t , A21 1

C PcRFCRM A Ll C ALCUL AT I ONS IN THE LOOP B ELOW HERE

C
C
UO 70 l l , Nt LOK
J = lnL0CKI l l
I f ! 8lUC KI r 2 l . NE. TYPel l GOJO 45
8! u 0
12 = 0
l f l dLOCK I Jo 4I . E Q. BlANKI LOAD i l l SURCE I BLOCKI J, 3 l o 3
l f l tluCK ! J , l l . t.. tLANKI LUAU i Zl " SI NKI 8lOCKt J, 61 , 31
I HLi lLCK I .o8 l . ti . l NPUT l LOAOOI * 50u8C6 I 8 L0CK I - 3 l s 4l
F ( rLUI.I I J o l OI . E I. l NI' UJl LOA I 5 l = S I NKI DLOCK I J, 6l s^l
3 5 8 l t NVK
l F l clLCK I J ,4 ) . t .. KNUW I K. l U LUAOi l l " KNUW I K, 3l
I1 ( U lui. KI J , / l , tl. KNUW I K, 11 1 LOAU I 2 l = 8NUW t b ;J I
lf i LOCK I J , d l ot dNU !Kt l l l LUAU( ll KN0wl k - 3I
l f lti LUC. ( J , l Q l , t Q. KNuW I K r l l l LUAU( ! ) KNOW ( K, 3)
! F t o LOC.I J r 91 . E<. INiM I It l l l Kl K
35 at u t.LLI I J , l l l . t \. INuW I I t i l l h< = K
LLAu l l l = LLlAOi l l * LI!E I 8LOCK I J r 3 } , 7 1
LUU ( 2 l .UA UI l l * > I N l tLOCKI J , 6l t 1 1
LLA I 7 1 U l bLUCKI Jr3 l , bLOCK! J, 6 1 1
lOA;) ( '1 = lLOCI( J. l l
LO>t l l l l " 0 . 0
I f I SCUKC L I !lll CJI J, J , o l . to. O . 0 LOAOO 1 1 = 1 . 0
11' I S i rK i t LiL KI J r 6l t bi . II. O . Ol LOAOi l l l " 2 .0
lUAO i l 2 l . ll t. CK IJ , l o )
LALL NTUCAl l lOAUI
tL!KI J r l ll = LO4 I 8l
l fl t tCCK ! J o 9 l .t. .UUTPUTI T tHP E XI 8lOLK( J, 3l t l l = LOADI 41
! HoLCII ( J , UI . t Q. OJT PUT l T EMPt: I BLOCK I J , b l - 2l = LOAOI 6 1
lf- ! K l . Nt . OI KNUw i K 1 , 31 LOA0 1 4l
It l ll. rI . Ol Kf10w l t2 dl L UAO! o l
BlCC K I J , l 3 1 = LJAu l 3 1 - LOADi b l
l>lU'" ( J , 1 4 l LUAu l 4 l - LOAUI l
iLlC K 1 J t l 5 l : DtL T A l lLUCK( J , 1 3 ) , tLOCK ( J, l 4 ) )
I i ur A l U T AL * LOAUi ll
4RL4 = A! HA LOAt l l l l
l iCH = LA. LM * L
4! bI NUE
I f lbtOCK ( J , l ) .6w . T YP E2A I . OR . l tLOCII ; 21 , E Q. TYPE 26) I
1 LA L L OI V ! Ut I Jl
lf l l BLOC Kl J t l l . t Q. TYP! 3A l . UR. I LOCK :2 1 . E Q TYPE3i) !CAL L SU IH Jl
1a .cu I buL
C PR.lNT OU T CALCULATI ONS
C
<O Wl HE t o ,82 l
82 FUKMAT I 1 H0/ , 4JX, --- E XCHANER BLOCKS ---' / I
l , T l o, ' SOUKCE 5 TlEAH ' o T S0, 1 SI NK STREAM1 , T 8 8,
"' tXI.HANER :P tCI F I CATNo / ' tLOCK1 ,T I4, ' S T RI= A' r T 26o 1 TEMP T EMP ' ,
3f4t1 :TKIA' , lo0 , TtMP TtHP' , T7a , u , TSS , HEAf LOAD' tl 97t
PAGE 0002
I

U
F8KN l Y

L
0Z
0
0N
U0
O
Ud
0
V
OU'O
bL
V
>
V
OO'!
VD
V
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>V

L L
I U
L
L 0'

L
L J
L
L V
L
U L
L LZ
L L
U L &
L L 0
O U6
TALE DXIII lcontInued)
NUL L 9 rb VL Kb UN 3 , LtY LL J L U NT I3- VJ1
9" HL L HL Z L L 1 LZ L " KL" B' y V F NNL KhLH v
< N LU y F NAN HPNL H t
O L N UU d2 y ' Uf OK V0 l I " I0y I e L Z y L
4d y l !Q "
0C d9 JF L NdLULK
1t l LOLKl J y Z o LUo l' L h L O v b bL LLKl J y L y LL K J y
LuucULLFl J- t bUKLL IbLULF J y y< y bLL Kl Jr ^ LL K l Jy y
Z0LLLAl ut V dLK l J y 0 H l UL LK l J 0 v L y b N l LLK l J y 0 y Z l y
JLu8I J - 1 y oLULK l U t U vU LUL h J y L L s Ul d LLK l U y J I y
vDLL\. l d s I , l uLuO U y lI - I= LZ+ LOJ
rI8B L H y i A yA v Ar l rL X rZ A4 L s s A r ZA y r 0 A .0, L Ay Z^y
LX y y A v Jy < As r 1 r 7 = v Z A r Lrc L L + N ZA v U r+ L r 1 A y 0 = L tZ r D o L y
ZA y d = L
Uh LUN1I NUc
NH 1 L l b y b c ALH r l cy UL
U tL l I HU y " 1O1L Ut , u ., LA LHNULKb n L H K L r '
L Lr LL = s S t N Hc1 LU Of y L rcLZ o 9 y U# HK KL I I H b
ZLt UHA 1UN o
I r = 0
iO dJ J~ l - Wu Lu8
Ifl ULLLr l Js Z = N Tr LZ o N o bLLK l J y Z o N L TrLdD U 0
r r^
r oL a L HK lcl 0y 03l
0 rLHNA1 l L Mf v r 0I v I 0cR L LKb ff ) A LK " L Vy
1 1I1 LM 1 N' , f46, Z5 1 ' . ' l , ' b KNb U Z0 " o y f
ZA y ' y 1 y Tr P NNL UKNLH LHr b y D KNLH LNr
PE T rL
bNML L bUUKLc l UL F l d 0I L
N N cZ = uudLElLLh l J s t Z
t d LLLF l J r o Lwo T rLZ UL L 00
xPL = 1 TrLb
PLL = b NA dLL6 l J y L
>NNLZ = Nh OLL F l J y y Z
L 0 H l 1 L Uy LUL l 4 y L y 1T v L\ K l J bNNL L bNNL Z r LLK l J r
L DLLLAt J y r dLULK l U y y I 0 l
0b LHM1 L H y L A yZ y y 0y l9o L Ay Z9 L t rZ y9 y 2 2 y Zy d
87 L.l NUc
P ~ 0
UU V J L NdLULK
tl l ULFl J s Z a N L o TlC> o No l LULKl J Z o NL a rL w0 V
L Y = H+L
It l ocw o L HH Tfl Uv 0d
0d LHA l L Hf y NA y oUNNcK LLK b " r f L LL h LV r
L anLN UU" y yZ 2 l o y oc Hb N y ZO l " o y f
ZA y y 1 L Uy TrL 8 NNc bKNLH c Nr y A0s l KNLH L Nr 1 f
I Fc = T rLA
NM c L >LUKLc l L\A l Jy r L
NA LZ >UUK LLl L LKl Jv y Z l
l l o LLLF l J s =LUo T rL O U dV
Trc 1 TrLo
>o4n t N L d LULFl J t L
bNML< b NF l LLLhl J s 0 y Z
V kK L 0 y bbl dt8l J L 1TrL y LLF J y y bNN) y b N NLZ LLhlJ r

L ULLL J y y dLULFI J- L * v L0
V LL NUL
rL
I

d
fORT RAN I l
0 II f
0l I
01 1 '
0 1 20
0 12 1
01 .
0 4 1
0 1 24
01!
0 1 2o
0 1 . 0
0 l 28
01 <\
0 I J0
0 1 31
0 J2
0 1 33
O l J4
0 1 35
0 1 3b
0
0 J0
0\ J
0 1 40
0 I + I
0 1 4.
0 1 43
0 1 44
0 1 4!
01 4o
01 47
0 I -
0 1 49
01 50
0 1 5l
0 1 5<
01 .3
01 54,
0 1 77
0I >o
TAM 0~XIII (0on11nuud)
HODEl. i4 P S VERS ION 3 : LEVEl. 3 0A Tc THU HAY l l r 1 97 1
b8IL l o -9
91 fORMAT i lHO/o4 0, 0 VAR! ABLES -- NAMES AND VALUES' / )
Ll 9 ! J I - b9A- ~
LI P 4 = J + J
Jf l l lM1 T , ,f , N vARl L I M I T = NIAR
>C 6 J , L Hl l T
P8 I NT I k- J+1 = LA!
I ll I l iNull n+ 1 1 . CU PrRAMI 1 1 1 . UR. I INOWI K o l l . t o. eestntoi l I ,OR. ( KIGW ( K
1 , 1 l . E . PERAH( dl l l PRI NT I K~J +l l STAR
Ul ff l !-J+ l l KNW I Ko l l -!NU ! K ,2 l
92 lf ( Ab! l u l f fi K-o d) ) .L T . 0 . 0051 O I FF I K-J+l l " 0. 0
8Ico ; 93 I I INOwl K, l l riNOn ( 1, 3 1 , PRI NT IK-J + 1 ) , KzJ, L !M JT I
d lLKMA L L N A l r 1 : ' t F t . l , A3 o 7X I I
o8 !I l l o- 941 l wAS , I NUW ( K, Z I , K= J , l i H I T l
94 t L IMA T l I1 o lrv l A-4 , F 6 . 1 , lOX I I
95 itU T fl o, 1 Y5l C UI f , Dl fF I I-J+ 1 1 rK= J , LlHl Tl
195 fCIMAT i l H , l OX, 41 3Xo A4, F9 . 2o lOX I I
RI T E I o . \ol
vo Fu AI I l u0. ox , + I NDICATeS VARI ABLE S WHOSE VALUE WAS SP EC IF I ED ON
1 1 1\ PI t . I
R 1C I o: 7I
V tLHM1 $ t1U UA y " LMrChP Uh L UF STREAMS IEAVI I NE TWOKK' II l 2Xo
: cusce - :> :xr 0t> 6N , T b6o 1 S I NK PRcSINT DE S I GN ' ,
Z/ l X , ' TRfAM TLMP. OT TIMP . OUT OI FF . , To5 t 1 S T REA S T EMP.
HU T T EMP. I DI FF. ' l l
So = N:UHIE
l FJN : lol' .uT .N :RCE l NSG " N S l NK
OC 1 01 I l , NSG
O! FF I 11 = Tt MI'c X I I , I l ~:OURtE i l -5 l
lA U 1l + . = > U l f f l l l 0. 0
DHF 1 2 1 TIMPtX 1 1 ,< l -S I NKI I t 51
1F I Ad:l ll . F F I Z I J , LT , O. OO! Ol F F i l " 0 . 0
l F l i . Lt . NSuRC E I W R 1 T I I 6t 99 1 l SUURCI I l o J i t J= l o 2 1 t TE. MPE XI l , JI
lSl KCt U o 5l , u!FF I l l
99 FUI AT I lH , lOX, 2A4, 4X oF o. l , 5X,F 6. 1 , 2 X, F 7. 2l
l f l l . uT .ISUKttl wo U Tt l 6, 100 I
100 FOkMA Tt lH I
101 lf i i .U : .N S INI 1 R I T tl o, l 02 1 I S1 NK t l , Jl , J: l , 21 , TEMP E XI I o 2 1 t
1 S l I I t5 1 + ;J FFI 2 1
0< ukMA T i lH , T4, LA4 o lK ,Fo. L t 5X oF 6 . l , Z Xo F7 .2 1
I F I I CuT , 1e .O I KE TURN
Pt KAII ll PKAMI L I * ST EP
lf l cRAM( Z l . l . PERAH( JI I GU TO 1 1 0
n8 1l ( 6 , 51 C CINA, TM1N, P ERAM i l l r PERAH I 2 1 r N8lOCK o NVAR
UU1U 30
1 10 IU HJ!N
Lht
StN5 I CORE REiUI Rt Mt NTS 002004 B YTES
PAtE 0004
P
O
U
fOR h\AN I V
000!
0002
OOC3
0004
0005
OUOb
OOC7
0008
0009
0 0 10
001 1
0 0 1 2
00 13
0014
00 1 5
00I
00 I
U0 I 0
00 19
0020
OO.l
00z
00J
00.4
0U.5
002b
0027
OOll
00.9
0030
OOll
003.
00 33
0034
0035
0031
0037
0038
00 39
0040
C
L
L
6
L
L

L
MOOH 4i PS
TABLE D-XIV SUBRUTINE llUCA
VE iS lON 3, lEVEL 3 OAT ! T rU MAY 13, 1 971
;I6R OUfi NE Nf iAI ( LOAOI
T HI S US!CT I NE DES RAT I NG CALCUIA T I ONS ON INOI VI UUAL HEAT E XC HANGE R S
US!Nl Trt MU-tfl Mt l Htl . I NI T I A LLY EXCHANGtR ARIA ! FROM bU CONFii l ,
OV ER ALL HEAT TKANS FER COEFFI C I ENT , AND STR E AM I NLt T TEMPE RA TURE S ARE
KNLw l, UHNG T H l ! l NFORMAT ION THE SUtROUT lNI Ol REC TL Y CA LC ULATES
HtAT LOAD ANO THE f i NAL SJitAM TEMERA JURt S .
wR I T T EI tY 0 . GR I F FCN Nu E . HHMANN -- U

C . CHtM. ENG. DEPT. - 1 970

COMMuN/d LK4/ I UUT o NVAR, NBLOC K , KNOW I 60 ,3 l o BIOCKI 20 t l l ,
l l bllC,I 20 ) , lRAM 19 1 , \.NN AMI 10 I
L 4L LGAO l l l l , lTU
C LcN1m c uI L SE T Uf FA T t 0> Tu USE
II tLAui I l . +. t 0 I U 40
I HLOMi l l l . t l Z . 0 1 =u Tu 10
I F I I AuS I LOAU i l l /LUAO I Z I - l . OI ) . LT . 0 . 00 5l GOTO 80
l f I LGAD I l . LT . L OAO! l l l GUT O 20
C CAf'AC l T Y HL t LH S I NK HRE AM 1 S GKEAHR THAN THAT fOR SOUR CE S J REAM
R LUAUI I J /luAO I 2 l
L LOAU 1 7 I *LOAJ I I. l / 10AO I 1 1
ALPHA NTU * ( 1 . 0-RI
E ; l crPI ce-l .O J / I EXi I ALPHA 1-R I
t0J l I = LOAU I 3 1 - E * ( LUAIH 3 1 -LOAU I 5 l I
LLU l O = LUAJI 51 * R I L UAOI J I -l0AO I 4) l
lu.U l d l = LuAU I I I 4 l tOAOI J l -LOAO i i l l .
rE UHN
C CAPAC I TY RAft FOR SOURCt STkAM l S GREATER THAN THA J FOR S I NK S TREAM
2 0 R = LUAO I Z I / L LAO I I I
NT L = Luhu | II * LOAO ( l21 /LOA0 (2 1
Al F1 i A " ldU * L . 0-IU
+ l t X P I ALPH Al -1 . 0 1 / l tX PI A LPHA I -RI
t.AO i bl = LUAOI !I E * I L UAOI 31 -L0Ail 5 1 1
LGAJ I 41 = lUAJ t J I - R * l lOAOi o l-LOA O I 5 1 J
LLJ | 8! = LUADI 2 I I UJAU i o l -lOAO I S l l
8tJu8N
C S CIR CE T R!AM I CUNOfN lN I N IXCHANGER
iO LOAU I l LUAUI 3 1
NU = LU AU( 7 ) LOAUI 1.l J LOAD l ll
E 1 . 0 - EX P ! -NTU I
LUAD I 9l LUAI I 51 + E * I LUAO I 3 l -LOAO I 5 1 l
Lu4u I 8 l LOAUI 2 1 4 ( LUAOi b l - LOA01 5 l )
I F I l Obl LlAI. I t l - LUAU |1 l I l . LT . l . OE-15 t0A0I S ) J RETURN
lf i L OAiI B l .G T .LOAI l ll l GO T O 45
Ol FF L CAOl l i-LOAC I 8 J
hH1T cor LLALl I 'l l , OI FF
l4 FORMAT l l HO , ' NUT All Of THI SOURCE S TREAM VA POR IN E XCH 8LCCK , A2 ,
l ' I.AI tE I.LNOINSb. . L AT ENl HEAT REMA I N ING I S ' , 1P E ! l . 4, ' tT U/Hl' l
8TURN
*> C l ff L OAOI 6 1 -lOADi l l
tL0 l o I LUAD! l l
LOAU ( ol LOAOl 5l + LOAUi al /lUAOI 2 l
R IT E t o , 4b ) L CAD I9 1 , 01 Ff
46 fiRMA T i l HO , ' l N E XCH tLCCK ' o A2 ' MORE S OURCE STREAM V APOR COULD lE
l CCNOENSbJ. ' 0 lP E l l. 4o ' lHU/HR MORE HE A T CQILD oL I XCHAIGEO. ' I
iETJK
PAGE 0001
r
O
O
F38IkN IV
OO<l
00/l
oou
OO"4
00/,
004b
00 4 7
004l
004'1
0050
005J
0052
003
0054
00!5
005o
0051
008
0 0 '
0010
0011
0012
OO<d
0014
IUUEL P S
TLL 0-XIV lc0nt1nuod)
Ve RSI ON 3, LEVEL 3 04 Ic THU MAY 1 3 , 1 971
C Sl iK 5IRtAH l S V AI UR I Z ING IN EXCHANlEI
cO LtA( ol LOAOI : I
NT U " LOAD 1 71 * LOAOI Lll /LOAD I l l
E " 1 .0 - tK I -NTU I
LOA I "tl LOAD1 3 l - E * I LOAOI 3 l -LOAO I 5 l l
LUAO I 6 1 = LJAOi l l + I LOA DI 3 1 -LDADI 4l l
l f i i A61 LCA I I -lOA01 2 l i i . LT . l .O E-05*LUAOI 8 l l RE TURN
li I L OAOI .I .G T . LOAO I 2l l u0 T O 65
0 FF = LOAUI 2 1-LOA01 8 l
kil T 1 ( 6 ,b4 l LLAD ( 9 ) , 0 1 ff
OR FURMA T i l HO, ' NUT AL L OF I uL S I N STREAM L IQUI D I N EX CH llOCK ' t A2t
I tA h dc VAPUtl l E U . LATENr HtAT R EMAIN ING 1 S ' t 1PE 1 1 . 4 t ' l f U/HR' I
8LIUKN
o5 ul fF LOA I 0l - |0A0I2I
LCAO I 8 l UAG1 2 1
GAJ I 41 z LUAJ( 3 l - lCAO I 8 1 / LOAO i l l
wk 1 T f ( 6, 66l LuAD I 9 J , O l fF
bo fkMAT l l hO t ' I N tXCH BLOK , Az, MORt S1NK LI QUI D COULD St VAPORI Z
CU 1 v H + 9 y oIu/nk n0kL H AT COUlD U L EXCHANGEO . ' l
tJunn
PAGE 0002
C CA FAI TY 8IL FOR SOURCE AND S I NK S TREAMS ARE tQuAL TO Wl THI I l/2 PERC ENT
SO nlu = 2. 0* LOAOI 7 l * LUAD i i 2 l / I LOAO i l l +LUADI 2 l l
z 1T U I 1 1 . 0 + N lu
lCAU I 4 1 LOAUI 3 1 - E * I LOAO I 3 1 -LOAD t 5 1 l
LUAt) I o l = LUAU( 7 + li.AOI Jl - LUAOI 4 1'
LCAD I S I : LOA0 1 l i * ILOAOI 3 1 -LOAO I 4 J l
8L u8N
cNO
NT LCAL CORE R EQOl RE fE T S 0008 24 8YT ES
I
O

TALE D~X COMUTER CUI'IONS FOR 'PE 0 lOlR PROCtSS STM. !XLE
Thi S RUN wAS H.t 0n THU MT U, 197 1 AT 1! 39 , 30 PM 8V HH."ANN
................ HUT E XCHANII NE TWORK CILCULA I0N S
PRLULE M TAT tMET fCR eAAMPLE AfT ER LEE l kEF 10 1 , HI S 4S P 1 ,
SOuRCE
STRAK llME RITE I U/1R I T IN I F I T our I F I DEL T O
1 PRCC 21 71!.O 320. 0 zoo . o - 1 2C. 0 0. 60
2 PrOL 4 .5COO.O 48 0.0 l !O , O -200 . 0 o. ao
TOTAL
)J NI
5 I L4K NAKc RUi I L8/HR l T I N I F l r our IF I DEL T CP
J PRCL L 2Co43 . c 140 .0 3 20 -0 1 80. 0 0 . 7 0
2 PRUL 3 23060 .0 240. 0 500. 0 260. 0 0, 5 0
tOTAL
HEA T LOAU I SUURCE+Sl NKl
.T l L i tY S TRE AMS AVAI LABLE
NAME T I N l f l T OUT I Fl 0LL T CP
STEAM 540 . 0
CL IA TEH 1 00, 0
!40. 0
L o0.
LV ERALL HtAT T RANS ItR COEF F IC I ENT S
SCLRC E S l lK 3Lr5
SRLAKS 1 3

.50.
1 50.
lOO .
1 !0.
1 50 .
U +
1 :0 .
1 50.
.00 .
o .o 656 , 60
10 . 0 1 .00
HE AT LOAD 1 8TU/HR I
-2. 0COC1 5 E 0
.-3 .99999\ E Oo
-6.00001 4 1 06
HIAT LUAU I STU/HRI
2 .601 01 7 E 06
2. 997900 E Oo
5. 59661 11: Ob
-4. 0 1 1 97 0E 05
I
O

TALB DX l0ont1nued)
H 1N l1UM U f ll l TY A ND FEAS16 l ll TV TABLE FOR EXAMPLI AFTE R LEE I REF l Ol o HlS 4S P 1 .
ta| nu- TtHPERATURI U APrRALH fUR CACULAT I NG T HIS T ALE 2 0 . 0 F .
RANGE OuRCE STREAMS
8 fEHP RANGE NAt HeAT LOAO
1 !2Q. O 4SC. C
TOTALS 0 -0
Sf NK 5TRE AMS
T EMP RANGE NAME HEAT LOAD
460. 0 500 . 0 PROC 3 4 .61 20 E 0 5
t. ot /DE 0 5
HEAT LOAD
I !QuRCE+ Sf NKI
4. 61ZOE. 05
J 4 -
2 460 .0 340, 0 PUC 4
lOTALS
-.. 80001 06 3.0. 0 4bC, O PROC 3
"Z .SOO OE 01
t . cl 42 E 06
l . 6l 42E 0 ~ I . I 8>8L 06
4 +
3 J40 .0 3 2 0. 0 PkOC 4
u IAL i
- 4 .000vE 05 300. 0 320, 0 PROC 1
PROC 3
-4. 0000E 05
2. 8900E 05
1 . 30601 05
5 .1960 1 05 1 . 19oOE o5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J6. 0 280. 0 P l
PKUl N
tOTAL)
-6. bbb 1E 05
- i .OOOUt 05
-1 .4oo 06
260. 0 300 .0 P RUC 1
!ROC
5 . I800 L o5
4. ol.Oi O !
1 . 03921 0 6 -4. 2 747E 05
e. . e . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s o . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 .dO .O 260. 0 PKUl
TOTAL :
-J .3334E 05 240. 0 ZoO. O PROC 1
PROC 3
- 3. 333'E 05
z. 69COE 05
2 ,30o0 1 0 5
5 . 1 960 1 0 5 1 ,8 627E q5
. . . . . . . . 4
6 260. 0 200. 0 P RLC 2 -l . C.OOOE % 1 80. 0 240 . 0 PROC 8 .6701E 0 5
T CT ALS - 1 .0000E 06 U 67C1 E 05 -1 .HOOE 05

7 200, 0 cC . 0 1 40, 0 1 8. 0 PROC 1 5 .7800 E 0 5
TOTALS 0 .o 5, 78COE 0 5 5 , 78QOE 0 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THE T CT AL EXf E RhAl HEAT I NG REQUIRE D S Y TH I S S YSTEM I S 4, ol ZOE 0 5 B TU/H
THE TOTAL EXT ERNAL CUCL ING t QUI REO 8 TH1 $r Ld I S 8 . 6l 40E 05 8 IurR
THESE RCQUl RtIENTS CAN bE SUPP UEO BY UTl Ll TiS AS FOLLO;S --
US ING 70l .4 lUf HR tF SIcAh w ILL RESULT IN AN EN T HALPV CHANGE U -4. 61 2Ct 05 BTU/HR.
uS l8u 1 0 779. 9 Lor8 Cf CL wATER i l ll Rl !ULT IN AN tNT HALPV CHANG ur t ,o240E 05 bTU/H.
I
O
U
ABLP o-x IcontLnuod)
lNlHH AREA TABL fOR EXAMPLE AFT E R LEE ( REF 10) , HI S 4SP1 .
H! Nl HUM IEHPEkA JUR U APPRUA'H WARNI NG LcVtL 2 0 . 0 F.
RANE
B

!CURCI ST REAMS S INI STREAMS

TE IP RA NGE 1\AE HEAT l OAD TEMP RANGE NAMt HEAT l OAD
50. 0 590.0 T EAM -4 . ol iOE 05 460. 0 5 00 . 0 PRO' 3 4. &1 20E 05
TOTA LS -4. o1 40t 0! 4 .6 1 20 E 0 5
E XCHANGER C ALCULA T I ONS
THHAl THETA2 O tL THE TA U AVE
40. 0 80. 0 5 7. 1 2 00. 0
AREA
40. :
u a e o a o a a o o o o + + o + o o J + J. e + . i
2 4dO. O 399. 3 PMGC 4
I uTALS
~ .ol~c Oo 20. 0 460 .0 PROC
- J . ol 4.t O
l . 6 1 42E 06
1- .6142 1: 06 20 .o 79 . 3 "3. 0 1 50 . 0 2 50. 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39'. J J20.0 PKCC 4
JOTALS
-1 .5thiE 06 259. 0 3 20 .0 PROC 1
PRUC 3
~1 ->>8E 06
0 .82021 0 5
7 .03 78 E 05
1 . 51: !8E 0 6 79. 3 61 . 0 59. 8 1 50 .o 1 5 1. 5
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N 3iO . O 30o. 6 HL 2
PRIC h
TUTAL S
-2 .'1 05
-2 .od6'E 05
-4. '26 IE 05
240. 0 2 5 9. 0 PROC 1
PROC 3
J. 7J <;<1 05
2 . llolE 05
< .92o l E O! 6 1 .0 b6 .o 63. 8 1 50 .0 51. 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 30. 6 J i2. 9 PMLL l
PKUC 4
IOlAL:
-3 . 9il 0c 05 1 80. 0 240 . 0 PRUC 1
-4. 7.< lE 05
-l . b701 E 05
8 .o7 0l l 0 5
a . o7Cl E 05 66. b 1 02 . 9 8J. 6 1 50 . 0 69.3
. # - 4
b 8. 9 2 d0 . 0 PRLL
ROC 4
TOTAL S
-4 .1o58E 04
-5 . dJ l t 04
- 1 . 070 5 05
1 75. 8 1 10. 0 PROC 1
LL WAT EM
6 . 1 3C9E 04
i .57 >7c 04
! 070>| 0 5 102 . 9 104 .2 10 3. 6 1 5 0 .o 6. 9

7 ldO. O 425. 9 P8L 2
lOTALS
"7 LZL 0L C5
-9 .02 l oE 05
1 40. 0 1 1; .6 PROC 1
C l WAT ER
5 . 10o9L 0 5
3 . l54oc 05
9 . 02 l !E 0 5 1 04. 2 85 . 9 94. 8 1 5 0 . 0 6j. 5
q 4 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 22 5 . 9 200.0 PROC 2 -4 31 19E 05 1 00. 0 140. 0 CL WATER 4. 3l l 9E 05
TO TALS -4. j l l 9E 05 4 . H 19t 05 85. 9 1 00. 0 92. 8 1 50. 0 3I- 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e . . 4 u u . 4ee . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . u . . . . . . e . . . . . . n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A NET IWKK 0F 1 5 iXCHANGER S I S REQU I R ED TO Gl VE THE MINI MUM TOTAl AREA OF 663 . 6 SQ FT.
r

L
6LO
8
0 1
0 2
0.3
0
0 5
TALE 0-X loontInued)
FOU.Ow l NI ARC THe Ot:J GN CALCULA T I ONS F OR Lt t' S "OPT IMAL" NET WORK FCR HI S +SP I .
THE MI NI MUM TEMPERAl wiE OF AP PROACH I S 20 .0 F .
T he N\R Ul- !LUC K: LN fHl : SISH.I 1 ! 5 ANO 9 NeW VAR1 A8LE NAME : WERE GIV EN.
BLOCK CALCULAT I C LR0ER U E D 1 $ 6 0 1 , 04, 03, 02, 05,
tX CHANGER BLOCKS
SO.RCI 5 TR cA/ SI NK S TR EAM EKCHANGER S PE Clt I CAt I NS
STREAM TEHI :T EMP ST REAM T tMP T EMP u HEAT LOAI THE TA ! THE TA2
B NAM i St.ANt W IUT 9 NAME RANCH I N Cu l BTU/Hil I FI I F I
1 . PROL < I J N IL 1 . thU 1 T I N TU2 1 50 . 2. 000Ct Ob 41. 6 1> 0 . 0
2. P!OC 4 T I N TD3 . PRUI O T I N T04 1 50 . 2 . 5 366E 06 zo. o 1 1 3. 2
< o PIOC 4 T03 T Ol 1 . PKUC 1 T02 lE X 1 50. 6 . 01 01 ! 05 33 . 2 '4 .7
x= rhOL N ltX 3. CL wAT IR T I N T !X so . 6. 6239[ 05 143. 1 1 60. 0
3 . S AN T I N TEX z. PROC 3 T04 TEX 200 . 4. 6 120! 0 5 40 . 0 so .o
OE LTA AREA
1HE 1A I 50 F
!0. 2 215 .4
53 . 8 31 4. 6
38 . 7 1 0 3 .7
lbO. 9 3 5 .7
5 7 . 1 40.0
A 0tAL 0F 5 EXHANGER lT H W AEA OF 7 . 59Jbt 02 SQ FT AND A HtAT LCD OF 6. 461. 01 STU/HR ARE I N T HI S CONF IGJ RAJ l ON.
VARl ABU:S NAME S AO 1ALUES
TOl " 3/J. l T02 27 8. 4 T P3
=
353. 2 T04 460. 0
P l NOl CA r: IAKl Abi E S WHOSt 1ALUE WA: SPtC I F l E O ON I NPUT
8 1 10l AT I$ vA8IB LS W HOSI VAL Uc WAS C4N6cU FROM TrAl SPECI FI ED ON I NP&T. SEE NOTES ASU\ E FCR CHANGES HADE.
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TALE DX (contInued)
kULLn NU HL HL U< U LLLUL UN> F UK EN lrtAll' KH NLNLKA fLK LL L " b hbr L o
HL H N HUH HLK LKL 0F rrhPLH b Z + +
NUNd LH Ut QL Fb LN H 0 SYSH:M l o N NLN VK LL NHL b NLKL UV LN=
bLLL F CALCu LA1 kb ORlR U L Zr L r hr v
L AL HNLK dLFb
aUKLL ST REAN bLNA b KLN L ALHNLK brL L t L Nb
LU6 o KLH LNr LMr b KL N LHr LHr U HL L HL HL Z C L
NNL UKNLH N UU NANL dKNLH N U UIHK t F I t F I HL b
1. rRO d N 4U P RO( L 1 N Z L 3 o L o LL U L o L L L o L o h o
Z L o PnL < J o CL h1K N LA L 9 + + 0J VL T L o L o b9 o L Uo
03 2 . rKUL N UJ , I Kll 3 N h L 3+ <o JU0L U o L L .z o L oU
h Z PiOC 1 X L o PKOC I 1 l8 9 o L o Jc U J o Z L v o Z L o
9 o bN N . PKOC 1h L Z o h o 0L ZL h o o 9 o 1 o
L Of 9 L AHK 3 H N KL 0F o bhL L < b F! N HL L Of .+2 UIH^ KL N H b LN UK No
VARI A< LE NHL b AND VALUcb
L z Z9 = 1 = 1 - 7 I0> a Z = o
9 NU L ka VK dL L 0 HHUoL LU Nb brLL L N NrU o
B NI L L> vA8Iu HHUbL VLUc N b L HNLU tKH H1 brL) L JN I Nr Uo b L L NLb 0L tK LHNULb HL
I
~
h
TALE DXI COM!tCR CALULTIONS FOR 'PE C SIX PROCESS STREA EXALE
I1 S KIN WA ! MAl I! Hli MAY J- JY1 1 AT tI JY . 5Y PM IY HNMANN
4 444444444444
HtAT xCAN c NE TWORK CA LC ULA Tl ONS ******* ****" ** *
PRGLE M STAT EMEtT Fuk EXAMPLE AFTER WES T BROU ! RtF 1 7 1 .
S OURCE
ST RE A M IAME RAfE t t 1/HRI I I N I F T 00I I FJ DEL T C
u4SLL IhL 70300. 0
. 75
.
\
1 00 . 0 - 1 75. 0 0 . 46
2 6L 8u >N < 7,oo. c 400. 0 1 00. 0 -JOO . 0 0. 45
3 uAo O ! L l 1 :3000 . o 500. 0 1 20 . 0 - 380. 0 0. 46
4 GAS CHZ 500COO. o 5 5 0 .o 3 50 . 0 -zo o . o 0. 44
5 S PnL 46900 .0 67 >. 0 1 50 . 0 - 52 5. 0 0. 46
TCTAl.
S I NK
S TRb\J 1HE RATE I LS/HRl h ( F J I 0u l FI DEl T CP
1 IRUiE 11 1000 .o 75. 0 6 50. 0 575. 0 0.40
1L 14L
Ht AT LLU I SOURC E+ S I I
UT I LI TY S TRE AMS AVAILABL E
NAMt T l N I F} T UI.T I f ) . OtL T C P
UTY HEAT 680 . 0
CL lA ftR 15, 0
680 . 0
1 00. 0
OcRAI tiAf Tk.NSFER CitF F I t EN T !
SCUCE S l l1< STR EAMS
S TREAM 1 2
1

J
+
5
6
75 . 15 .
7!. 75.
75 . 75 .
75 . o
75 . 15 .
150 . 1 50.
o. 0 3 10. 00
25 .0 1 . 00
HEAT LOAD ! B TU/HRl
- S. 659149E 0
-1 . 181 2501: 07
-2. 674437 E 07
-4. 39999BE 07
- l . H l093 5 E 07
- 1 . 000.25 3E 08
HtAT LOAo I B TU/HRI
1 . 405300 t 08
1 . 4 05 3001 08
4 .0,0 462 E 07
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~
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TAL D~XI lconInued)
HI NHUH U L Ah0 fco b U 1 bLL fOH CAMFLc cK iE STiROOK Kcl L 1 +
H N HUH LHFLK UKc FFKLH tUK LLL UL1l N 1H > bLc Zo o
KMc
B
LUKL a1Kc Ho
c HF K NL NAHc Hc LUU
o IN > 1KcHb Hc LA
cNF KNUc NHL HL1 L ( SOURCt+S INK )
L b1 o b1 o AoFNAL 1 o Zh1c OS bS. O o
UT LS ~ . ~lc .o o 4h1
J 4 4 - . . . . . . . . . . . . o
1 o Lo bFDAL -2 .o99 jE Oo o oSO .O L KUc Z o Zdc 1
U Lo Z o 0YYc Z oYZd L 1 Z o00ZYc 1

3 SSO. C S OC. O uAS L LZ - l . L OOUE 1 bo o CRUDE
brHL - l . l.<7t 0
4ULo -1 . 2 1 .< 5! 1
L oZZZ L 1
L o ZZZc 1 o c h

h o ho Ao U L L - 1 o03OE 0 do hdo C RUOE
u L LZ Z oL 1
bFULT 294t 06
L La ~ 3 . Iu. IL
Z o hc 1
Z o hc 1 -6.dh1hc 06
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h o o rLkuo l N
uAS l l ll
Uo L L Z
A>rhAL
~ 1 . 9o8Ic
-J. 5 1'! 0E
- l . t OO CE
- l . ll' l
Oo
Ob

Ob
o SO. LKUc oZZ c 1
Lo ~1 . I6 I f L oZ Zc 1 ~ >. 39246
4 4 . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 o Z 1 o K ERO: l Nf -2.953 1E Zo o LKUc
b5 l! Ll -. I d >c 06
>rldAL ~ I . oo70c 0
tOTAl! -9 .911 1c Oo
- S3Oc 1
1 . dc 1 8. 4 3c 06
4
1 Z1 o + ubUL Nc h = ZZL 0 o Z o L KUc o c 1
tKC Sl hl "4 Z1 L
tA s t.IL ~8 - 797:1 0
Ab rhAL ~< 8I I Ic Oo
OTAL S Z o31L 1
conInued
3o c 1 Vo V1c 06
F

4
TALE D~XI toontLnued)

8 1 50. 0 1 20 . 0 ASCti E -9 . 70 1 4E 05 1 00. 0 1 30 .0 CRUD
1ERCSl iE ~1 !lc 0
u> 01 11 -2 . 1 1 14t 06
JOTALS -4.<6llE 06
7 . 3320E 06
7 .3320E 06 3. 06921 06
o o 4a a o o a a a C 4o 4 a a a b a a a a a "a a o a a a a a a "a a a a o
9 120 . 0 1 00. 0 bASUl l NE -b .4o76E 05
KcRC S I E -7 .l75vt 05
T!T>L S - 1 . 4343C 06
80. 0 1 00 . 0 CRUDE 4. 8880E 06
4 .l660E 0 6 3 .4537E 06

I6 1 00. U 95. 0 75. 0 &0 .0 CRUl! l 20F 0 e
TOTALS 00 1 . 2220 E 06 l .l220E 06

THE TOT AL tXTcKNAL HEAT lNu R6 Ul RLU B Y THI S SYSTEM l S
THE TLTAL lXft RAL LGCL! Nb REQ!Rtu BY THI S SYT EM l S
4 . 05 05E 07 BTU/HR
0 . 0 I HU/HR
THESt RcU1 Kt Mf iT S CAl E SuiPLi tL tY UT ! L UI ES AS FOLlOWS
U: !Nu l 30> 9- 9 Lo /HK Ol U Y HtAT o HLL KE SULT IN AN ENTHALPY CHANGE 0F .-4 . 05 05E 07 bTuh8
I

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TAL DXI contInued)
MIN I MM AREA TA6L t fOK E XAMPL E AF TER wE STBROOK ( REF 1 71 .
M 1N1 MUM lEHtKA IURt OF APPROACH WA KNI NG LE VEl lO . O F.
RAIE
B
1
SOURCE .T REAMS S INK STREAMS E XCHANGER CAIC UI.AT I ON S
TEMP RANvt NAME HEA T LOAO TEMP kANGE NAME HEAT lOAO THHAl T HET A2 DEL THE T A U A VE AREA
odO. O o 0.0 UTY bbA1 -4 .050 5E 07 484. 3 650. 0 CRUDE 4 . 0505E 0 7
TOTA LS -4
.
0! 05E 07 4 .05 05 E 0 7 30 . 0 195 . 7 8 8 . 4 1 50 . 0 3055. 9
4 - - - - a e n o a e a n o o o o o o o o + o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o + o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
< t 75. C 5 5 C. C A5PhAL I -2 .81 1 7t 06 472. 8 484 . 3 CRUDE
TU TAL S -2. ll l 7E
2 . l1 1 71 06
z .auH o6 1 90 . 7 7 7 .2 12 5. 5 75 .o 9+ 6
-
3 55C. C > 06. A5 ( I ll -l . lOOOE 07 423. l 412 . 8 CRUOE
ASP HAL J - 1 .1.4 /E Oo
1 .2l.5E 0 7
0IAS -l .lt 51 07 1 . ll 25E 0 7 11. 2 76. 8 7 7. 0 75 .0 2091. J
u . . . e a = . . . . . . - - . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N 500 . 0 400. 0 GAS OI L l -7 ,03BOE 06 295 . 1 23. 2 CRUDE
GA) L I L2 "< UU0L 07
ASPhAL T -2. 24'14E 06
3 . 12 87E 0 7
JClALS - 3 . 1.8 71 07 3 . 1 287E 07 76. 8 1 04. 9 9 0 . 1 75 .0 4626. 5
e o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 400 .0 3 O. O KtRO I N - 1 . 9od7E 06 223. 1 2 9S . l CRUDE 1 . 7ol2 E 0 7
GA C i ll -j . Sl v Ob
uAS U LZ - l . l uOCI 07
POFU T - 1 . 1.4 7t 06
TOTALS -1 . 761 .1 07 1 . 7012E 0 7 1 04. 9 ll6 . 9 1 1 5. 5 75 . 0 2 032 .4
J - j -
6 50. 0 2 7 5 . 0 KtRCI E -2 o 95 J 1 E 06 1 82. 5 2 2 3 . 1 CRUDE
GA 1.1 Ll -5. 2 1dt
APHAl f - l . o67Ci 06
JOTALS .9U ! 1t Oo
9 , 9 1 67E 06
9 . 9 1 87E 0 6 1 26. 9 92 . 5 l Ol. 0 75 . 0 1 2 1 5 ..
- 4
7 27 5 . 0 1 50. 0 GAL l NE - 4 .0422E 06 98. 3 1 82. > CRUDE 2 . 05 73E 0 7
KERGl E -4 . 9l l 9E 06
tA S 0IL " o >1 3 06
A:PhALT -. dl l 7E 06
TOTA lS -2 . C 131 C7
uontinued
2 ,05 13E 0 7 92 . 5 5 1 . 7 10. 1 75 . 0 3 9 1 1. 4
I

O
TAI 0~XI (cntInued)
a e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 50 . 0 120 . 0 tACl l E -9 .1vl 'E 05
.
c0 I Nc -1 . \t
tAS O! L l ~<. ! I l -c 06
TOTALS -4.262 dE 06
80. 9 98 .J CRUDE '. 06281 0 6
' . 2628E 0 6 5 1 . 1 39. 1 N 5. l 75 . 0 1 259. 7
q | qq #
9 1 20. 0 1 00. 0 GACt i E -6 o 4o7 oE 05
8cuSINL 1o d L 05
TOTAlS - 1 . 4 Oo
7 5. 0 80 .9 LU l . 4H3E 0 6
l . 4343E 0 6 )9 . 1 25 .0 3 1 . 5 7 5 = 606. 3

A N T0K OF 23 EXCHANGERS I S REQUI RED T O GI VE T HE M IN IMUM TOTAL A1 64 OF 1 91 06 . 5 F T.
l
~

TALE OXI (contInued)

ULLU U AHc HL OtS I G LALLULA UN> fOR LN HALr T AUKAP NL HK6 HLb K6 PKo
HL NN HUN 1kHrLKA UKL ArKALH b 20. 0 F.
HL NUN0LK CF iiCCKS IN H b bTbM b D AN 1 0 NE O VARI AB LE NAHL b wE RE VLNo
L6 CALCULATI LN URUcR USI I P 07 r 01 ,02 , Ol, 04, 0!, 0 o , 08,
c ALHANLK bLULhb
50u8LL S1 RE AM SI NK S T R EAM LALHANL SPE C IF I CATI ONS
LL bRiA/ LNr Nr b KL AH TMP TEIP u HLA LA HL AL T HET A2 LL A AK LA
B 8 NAHL bHANLH h OUT 8 NAHL UhA NLH N U C l TU/BRI ! F l ( f l THET A bU f J
0 1 1 , IA'uL NL N LA L o C 8uuL h N TO! o 0VLL 06 L d o 0 z ; . o 0V o 1 088. 3
02 N Ab U L< T i l I L a CRUUI R O I TOl T02 75. 4, 400CE 0 7 2 3 . 6 Z 2 j . 6 88 . 9 o60 L = L
OJ 2. 8E 0 I Nc I I I 1LA L a LKUU L h N 17v o L L Zc 01 43. 6 5. 0 JJo 4700. 6
04 A uAS i lL l T N I iX 1 . LKULIL R OJ N I04 u 2 o01L 07 5 1 . 5 HD o0 48 . 2 740 3 . 5
0 5 Do AblHAL N L 1 . LJ0L k04 N 105 75. - 1 > 07 32 . 2 7 5. 0 70 o 0 3 1 08 =d
06 c. U T HLA N TI X L C RUUE T 00 cA L o 4 .0 505L 0 7 3 0. 0 1 9 5. 7 d8. 4 Do >
A UAL Lt b cXLhANtR w i T H AhLA t o 595 dt 0 ' S4 t ANU A HLA LA L 1 .405 3 E 08 J/ HR AKL I N T HIS CONF IGJ RAT N o
* U Y LK LLhb
0LLL bhL AN N

b KLAH b U

B 1[ NA HANLH L Fr l RAICH LHr LH LHH HANLH LHr bKANLH L Nr KRNLH L HF
0 b N6 L o LKUUL N R01 TI N R02 TI N R03 N R04 TI N
aUHHL 8LUO> ~~
6LCO STRI: AM iUT b hLAHb I N
TYPE NAFL KANLH LHr KANLH LHr KANLH EMP hANLH LNr bKANLH LHr KANLH LHr
b Nh L o LKUUL RO 1 T02 ROZ ro; R03 TO' K0 4 T 0 5
V AK A0L L b NAHL b AN VA LUL b
T Ol " c. + T02 * x 0o T 03 0o Z T04 '46.
105 " o42. S O 48 '. 3 R 0 L 275000, 0 R 02 1 05000. 0 *
R 03 L >UVo * R04 5ZOOO. O *
* NULA Lb VARl UL E. HWbL VALUL NAb arLL l L N I NPUo
B N LA Lb AK AdLLb HHbL VALUE HA LHANL tKH HA 1 brLL L QN Nr U u bLL N1L b A UVL fOR HANLb HALv
I
~

TMLC DXI lconInued)

PRCtlEM ST AT tMlNT H iXA'PIf A FJIR WISTtROUI ( REF 111 .
IlIS C0LINC WATBR ANb IIBAT Rh1C
SOUCE
STREAM NAMt RAJI ( Lt/HR l T I N I F I T OUT I F I
1 G A SOlNE 70300. 0 5.0 1 00 .0
2 |8L hc 87 500. 0 400 .0 100. 0
3 IA S 01LI J53COO. O 500. 0 120. 0
4 GAS . sooooo . o 5 50 . 0 3 50. 0
5 ASPHALT 41900 . 0 6 7 5 .0 1 5 0.0
o UTV ntAT 1 9 1 893 .6 610. 0 680. 0
TCTAL
S INK
S J Rt AM /AMI RATt I Lt/HRI T lN I F I T OUT I F I
l CRuGI 61 1 000 .o 15. 0 6 50. 0
2 CL ATIR b2'6. ! 7 5 .o 1oo . o
T OT AL
OEL T CP
-1 75 . 0 0 .46
-3 00. 0 0. 4!
-380 . 0 0. 46
-zoo. 0 0.44
-525 . 0 0 .46
o. o 31 0. 0 0
UE L T
5 75. 0
2 5 .0
CP
0 .4 0
1 .00
HE AT LOA D I SOURCE +S INI I
0\ I: RALL htAT TRANSFIH COEFF ICI EII TS
CICE S m S REUS
S TRfMS 1 .
i
3
4
5
O
7> .
7>.
75.
7> .
7> -
1 50.
1! .
75 .
75.
1' .
1! .
1 50.
HEAT LOAO I BTU/HRl
- 5 .659 149 E 06
- 1 . 1 81 25 0E 07
-2 . 674437! 07
-4. 39999!! 07
- 1 .1 809351 07
-5. 9'f702 1 07
- 1 . 595 1241 08
HEAT LOAO I I HU/HR)
1 . 405 300 E 08
1 . 8982401 07
1 .5 95 12 4 E 08
o. o
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U
TAI 0~XI [ont1nued)
FullUl ARe IHE UE l GN AlUJ lAT I UNS FU8 WeS T BROOK' S HQPT I MI LED- N ETWORK.
T HE MI NI MUM T EMRERATURE OF APPROACH I S 20. 0 F .
THe NUMoeR OF dLGCKS I N THI S SY S T EM I S 1 2 AND 1 5 N EW V AR I ABLE NAM E S WERE GI VEN.
dlvK ALULA T I UN ORUER USED l $ Oo, Q 7 , 05 t O B , 0, 09 , 03 rl0 , 02 , l l , Ol , l 2 ,
E XCHAhGER BlOCK 07 V CLT S MI NIMUM T EMPERATURE OF APPROACH CONS TRA I N T
E XCHANGER d lUK 0 o Vl uL AT E S M I N IMUM TEMPERATURE D APPROACH CONS T RAINT
EXCHANGER BLOCKS
SOURCE Sf RE AM S I NK T R EMl EXChN GE' SPE CI F I CAT I ONS
8LCCK ST i t AM T IMP T lMP S H AM TiMP H:MP U HEAT LCAO T HET A! f HHA2
B P NAME tRAlCH I l UU NAM E tRAN(H IN D0 IB TU/HRI I FI ( fl
06 1 . lASOL INE T I N T 07 1 . CRUut T I N TO 75. 5 . 497 5E Ob 11 7 . 5 30 .0
C t . uA5uL ! N6 T07 T tX 2 . CL WAT & R07 T I N TE X 75. 1 . 61 o'E 05 5 . 0 2 5 . 0
0 5 2 . ElOSI Nl - l b I 0o 1 . CRUUt TOb I0> 7> , 1 . l OME 0 7 2>7. 2 Z 1 = >
08 2. 6tru E T0 TtX . 1: L WAT EK R08 TI N TEX 15 . -B! Zc 0> I - 0 > .0
d= uA 0 t | l N TU = LuuL TO' 7 !. . . 1 6 7 1! 07 2/l. --
09 3. UA U I L TC' TE X + LL lAT ER R09 f i N TEX 7 5 . 5 .067^C 06 + 4!. 0
03 4 . liA: i1Ll T iN T 10 l o C RUU E T04 T03 75 . 3 . 7 1 801 07 1 61 . 4 1 49. !
1 0 4. vAS 0l L z Ttl 2. LL W AT ER k0 T I N T lX 75 . 6. 80Ct Ob 28t. 0 2 75. 0
Ol D= A!I HALT HN T H 1 . C RUI.E T03 T02 7 5 . S . 623!E 0o 26 8 , 4 41 --
1 1 5 . A:PHAlT T l T EX 2 . CL WAT &t 8 1 I T I N TE X 75. 6. l 858E Ob 32 5 . 0 =
0 1 c. UT HtAT TI N L 1 . CRUUE T02 T IX 0 . 5 . 94871 07 3 0. 0 213. 4
OEL T A AREA
THE TA I>0 F T I
3 . 0 883. 4
12 .4 1 7 3 .5
V=0 1 5 5 3 . 1
I . 9 456. 5
1 2'. 3 J > + |
6. 7 1 L< O=
1 5 7 . 8 3 1 4 1 .0
2 76. 0 3. 7 . 1
12 1 . 5 61 7 . 3
170 . 5 4d 3 .a
l l 0 360C. 3
A TOT AL vf l l tXCHANGER w i T H AREA OF 1. ->00c 04 SQ F T ANO A H EA T lCAO Cf 1 . 595 1 E 08 fTJ/ HR' ARE J r T HI S toNfi GURAT I ON .
dLL8

1 2
fYPI
S IN!
T 0 "
0 =
T 10 =
S TktAM I N
P NAf BRANCH TEMP
2. Cl IA 1c fi N
40b. c 03 "
97. 5 T07
381. c * Tll =
-- D IV I OE R BlOCKS ---
BRANCH T EMP BRANCH TEMP
S T REAMS CUT
BRANCH TEMP
R07 f l N R08 T I N R09 T I N
VAR I ABLES -- NAMES AND V ALUES
383. 0 T 04 23 1 . 5
105 . 0 * T OS " 119. 0 *
2 5 . 0 * R07 = 0468. 0 *
R09 20204. 0 * RlO 2 72BOO. O 8 I 47434, 0
* I NDI CAT ES VAR I AL E S WHOSE VALUE w AS S PtC I F l EO 0 INPuT .
I Nii CA T &b lAR LDLLb WHOSE vALU WA S CHANGED FROM IAI 5PC I F u ON I NPUT .
BRANCH TE P 8A NLH TeMP
8l0 T I N R 1 1 T JN
T 05 = 1 42 . 8
T09 a 1 92 . 0 *
R08 = 29900 . 0 *
S EE NOT E: A(O\E FOR CHAi GES MADE .
I

C
TALE 0~XVI I COMPUTER CACULTIONS FOR TYPE D SIX PROCESS STREA SYSTEM
I hI > LN wA! MAul ON I IAY 19 71 AT a: 39 , 3" PM BY HUHMAIN
- HeAT !XCHA NE TWORK CALULA T I OIS
PRClfM T AT EMEIIT Fu XAMPL! AfT ER LEE l R EF 10) , H I S cSP l.
SUIRI
So T REAl hKc ATE IL B/HRI T IN l F I T OU T lF I OEl T CP
PROC 2 40COO. O '40. 0 1 50. 0 -290. 0 o. 70
& PROC 4 HOOO . 0 5 20 .0 300. 0 - 22 0 . 0 o . c a
3 PR 0C O 42000. 0 39 0. 0 1 ! 0 . 0 -<40 . 0 o .so,
Hi iAL
S I NK
S T REAM tAME R4lE l LIh I lN l F I T OUT l F I DEL T CP
PR.C 1 20000, 0 1 00. 0 430. 0 330 . 0 o .ao
2 PRCL JIOOO . O 180.0 3 50. 0 no. o o. 9 1
3 PROC 5 : 1COO, O 2 00. 0 4 00 . 0 200. 0 0 .8 5
f CTAL
HE AT LL0 I SOURCE+S I NKJ

UT IL l TV S TRE AMS AVAI LABLE

NAME T JN l FI f 0uf l F I
ST EAn 4.!1. 0 '5b. 0
CL wAT tR 100 . 0 1 80. 0
. OVERALL HEA T fRANfER COtFFl CI ENfS
SOURC E l ~ STRUH
lJRAH: Z 4
1 1 50 . 1 50 . 1 u 150.
2 1 5 0 . 1 50 . 1 50 . 1 50 .
3 1 50. 1 0. 1 3= l !O.
N 200 :oo . 200. 200 .
DEL T
o . o
80. 0
CP
767. 40
1 . 00
HEAT LOAD I B TU/HR)
-8. 1 19998 E 06
.- 5 . Z 35999E 06
-8,06 999 E 06
- 2 . 1 'l 99 8E 07
H EAT LOAO 18 TU/HRI
5 , 2 79998E Ob
5. 5t9199E Oi
5 .209999E 06
1 . 6l l 9? 0E 07
- 5 . 300 788E 01
F
U
F
TALE D-XII lcOntInued)
MI NI MuM UTI LI lY AO ftASI I LI T Y TABLt FOR EX AMPLE AfT ER LEE I REF 10 1 , BI S 6SP 1 .
M i hl MU T EMPERATURt OF APPROACH fuR CALLULATI N THI S TABLE 20. 0 F .
1-l\E
8
2 '
:UURCE !TREAMS S I NK S T REAMS
T EMP RANGE N.MI hEAT LuAO TEMP RANGE NAME HEAT LOAD
520. h Lo C PtCL
TOTALS
- l . booOE 6 '30. 0 5 00 .0
L o bbb LL Oo o
HEAT LOAO
I bLHLC*b NK
.6660E Ob
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . .
2 40. 0 440. 0 HUL 4
T CT ALS
-2. 3d0Cc 4Z0. 0 430 .0 L 1
Z o JoL 05
1 .6000 E 0 5
6000t 05 1o d L 04
. . e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o o u . a . u o . . . o . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u . . . o o . . . . . = . . . . . o . .
d 'lO . O 42 0. 0 PRUC 2
IRCC 4
TUT.LS
- 5 . 600UE 05 4C O 420. 0 PROC
-4. 76001 05
-1 . 03 601 06
.2000 E 0 5
. 0 E 0 5 1o 0L
- 4
.

4 420. 0 L PRLC 2
P8uL 4
T CTALS
0 .4000E 05
- 7 . 1 40Ct 05
- 1 . 5540E 06
370 . 0 400 .0 PRO C 1
P ROC !
4. dL 0
1 oV L
o 275E 06 -2 . 8350E 05
. o . . . a . . . . . . . . . a . . . o . & . . . o . . . . . . . o . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 V o 1o Rue 2
PiCC 4
PKCL b
TuTALS
- 5 , 6000E 0 5
-4 . 7oOOt 0 5
* 0 o ZLL 3
o 1duc 06
3 50. 0 3 70. 0 PROC 1
hL 5
3 .2000 E. 0 5
5 . 2 7 COE 05
8. 47COE 0 5 -8 . 61 00 E 0 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 3 1 0. 0 Lo 0 RlC l - l . <<UCI: 2 t0. 0 ! 0 . 0 PROC 1 o L Z L 0
HOL 9 L bbL Ob L 3 2 . 2932 06
PKCC b -2 06 PROC 3 o 09 9L U0
TuTAL S - ;. 97 t 0 5 .25 1 1 Ob -7 . 2030 E 05
. . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . o o . + u . . o o . . . . . o . = o . . . . . . . . . . o . o . . . . . . . . . . . . o . o . o . . . . . o . o . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 300. 0 22C. O PRCC Z ~2 . 2-0OL 06 200 . 0 2 8 0 .0 PRUC 1 1 .2800 E 0
PnOL U ~ UbdUc PHUL 3 Zo bZ LUL Ub
thL 5 Z o L oL 06
Tt TAL : h= bZ d L 0o
cOnt1nued
b o UUbd L b 1 .0 80t E 06
r
U
h
1ALB D~XII (con1Inued)
. . . . . . . . . . .
8 2 0 6 . OC. O P800 2
PL 6
luTALS
-5 .6000E 05
-6 . 72001 05
-1 .lJ< OE 06
1 80 . 0 200 .0 PROC 1
Pauc 3
3 -000c 0 5
6 . 5520 E 0 5
9. 7520E 0 5 -2. 5180E 0 5
a a . .
v 200 . 0 1 50. 0 P80L 2
PRC 6
!OTAL S
- 1 .4000 06 1 30. 0 1 0. 0 PROC 1
- 1 .660 01: Ob
-3 . 0600C Oo
a. oo coe os
8.0000c 0> -2 . 2800E 01

JO J.O, 0 1 2 6 0
TOT AL: o .o
1 00 . 0 1 30 .0 PROC 1 4 .tOOO E 0 5
4. 8000E 0 5 4. 8 000E 05
'
T HE T OT AL EX TtRNAL HtA T ING REQUI RI O Y THI S S Y STEM I S
T HE JCfAL EXTE RAl CUCLlNG RE U I cO iY T H I S r I I S
0 . 0 1uIk
5 . 30 08E Ob 6 TU/HK
TESE REUI RE MENT S CAN L SUPPLI E D iY U T I L I II E AS FOLLOWS --
US I NG bbl59 . LoI nk Lt 0L WAl EK w IIL R E SULT I N AN E N THALPY CHANGE OF 5 . 3 008E Oo TU/HR.
r
U
U
TALE PXII lcontLnuod)
MIN I MUM AREA TABLE FOR EXAMPl e AFTER LEE I REF lO l , H I S 6SP 1 .
MI NI MUM f tM PtRA TURt UF APPROAL WARNI NG Lt VEL 2 0 . 0 F .
RAN.E
"
J
>0b8Lb $8t4nb SI NK STRIAMS E XCHANGE CALCULA Tt ON S
TeMP RAN6E NAME HtAf LOAO TEMP RANGE NAME HEAT LOAD THET Al T HET AZ H T HET A U A VE AREA
520. 0 > PRCC 4 -4 .o000E 05 400. 0 430 .0 PROC 1 . 4. !OOOE 0 5
TOTtS -4. 11 000 0! 4 . 6000 0 5 90 .0 99 .8 9 4. 8 1 50 .0 33. 7
o o o e + o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o =
2 NV>a D 44C, O PrCC 9 -1 .4240 Ob 36o.4 400 .0 PRUC 1
PROC 5
! . 379'11 0 5
8 . 8bOO E 0 5
JU lALS - l .4.! l0E 0 l . l40E 06 99. 8 73. 6 1& . 1 1 50 .0 1 10 3
e e e o o a o o o o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 440 . 0 426, o PROC 2
PCC 4
TO TAL S
-3 . 74t 7t 05
-D . 1io4E 05
-&. 9.50 05
350. 0 366. 4 PROC l
PROt 5
2 . 62Cl E 0 5
l. :H4'1: 0 5
6 . 93 !0 E 0 5 7 6 76 .6 n. 1 1 50 . o 61. b
- 1
4 2 90- 0 PKCC
lHUL l
TOTAL S
-.. JHE Cb
- 1 . 1 1 3 61 05
- l . d9b:
324. 8 3 5 0 .0 PROC
I'RuC J
PROC 5
4 .0J99 E . 0 5
8. 211 7( 0 5
6 . 6532t 05
1 .0963 E O o 76 . 6 65 .2 70 8 1 50. 0 1 78. &

5 390. 0 J 0. 0 PRCC 2
PROC 4
PRCC &
TOTA L S
-2 . 54001 06
-2 . t4. 0E 06
-3 .02401: 06
J 00 L
222. 4 32f .8 PROC 1
PIOC 3
PROC 5
1 . b373E 06
3. 352:1: 06
.. 6964E Oc
7 .6860E 0& 65. 2 77 .6 7 I 2 1 50 . 0 71o
.
6 300. 0 2 ?-7 PlLC
PROC 6
TOALS
-7.o54oE 05
" > 1 033L t5
-1 .6840E Ob
200 .0 2 2 2 .4 PROC 1
PROC 3
PROC 5
contnued
3 . 5873E 0 5
7 .3450 E 0 5
5 . 1C 0 !
l . 6140E 06 47 6 T 7 7 5 I 1 5 0 . 0 1 49. 5
P

4
'ALE oXII (cntinued)
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l 212 . 7 25 a. 8 IRCC l
PKCC b
T uTA;S
-4 .432 7 05
-5. 31 93& 05
-9 . 75201 05
1 80. 0 200.0 PROC l
PROC 3
3 , 2000E 0 5
o . ,5zoe 0 5
9. 7)201 05 72 . 7 76 .8 74. 7 150 .o 8 7 . 0

8 25o, j 1 5 C .O PKU4 2
PKCC 6
TOTALS
-2. u1 06 100. 0 1 80. 0 PROC 1
-3 . 589 5i 06 Cl WAT ER
-o. 5!l8t 0
l .2800 E 0 6
5 . 30Cil 0 6
o . 508E Ob u s 5 0.0 62. 1 50. 0 702. 4
4 - - - - - -
A IEhlK O F 25 EXCHANGER S I S REQUI RED 10 GI VE THE MI NI MUM TOTAL AREA Of 2042 .4 Sl fT .
.
(
0
8L08
P
01
oi
3
O'
0 5
Cb
TALE 0-X!I !continued)
fLLOW INu ARE THE OEl N CALCULAT I ON fOR E N TH LPY uiAKAM NETWCRK FCR L EE ' S bSP l ,
THE MI NI MUM lf1PERATURE G APPROACH I S 20 . 0 F .
T HE N UM81:R Of tLOC K S I N THI S SYS T EM I S b AND 9 NE W VAR I AB lE NAME S WE RE GIV EN,
BLOC K CALCUAJI ( OROtR US E D IS P Ol , 02, 04, 03, 05, 07, 0b t 08 t
IXCHANGER BlOCKS
SURlE STREAM SI NK STR EAM EXCHANGER S PE C IF I CAT tONS
STREAM TfMP TeMP ST REAM f I: MP T EIP U HEAT LOAD THE TA l THE TA2
NAI H tKANCh 5N UUT P NAME dRANCH I N GUT C 8TU/HRI I F l lFI
3. PROt UN 101 2. PRlC 3 TI N l EX 1 50 . 5 . 5692E 06 40. 0 44. 3
1. PRDC : T I N TOl ) , PIl 5 T I N A 1 50 . 5 . 27001 06 40. 0 5 1 . d
1 . P8 2 T02 TOJ 1 . PKUC 1 TI N T 04 1 50. 4. 40001 04 1 49 . 0 \ 0.2
J, PRUi 9 N TtX 1 . PRUI I f04 lEX 1 50 . 5o 2360C Ob 90. 0 1 '7 . 2
J. PKUC 6 roi TEX 4. LL wAT ER kot T I N 105 1 ,0 . 2 . 4148( 06 52 . 7 50 . 0
I . Pk00 TOJ r tx 4 . CL IIAT I:r kOZ T I N T6 1 = <o 806Ct 06 10 . 9 50. 0
DE LTA AREA
HiE TA I Sw FT I
42 . 1 882 ol
45 . 6 769. 8
149 . 6 2 .o
136. 7 2: 5 ,4
5 1 . 3 324. 0
55 . l 338 .6
A TuTAL Uf o E XtHA!ltRs ll TH AN AREA Of 2. 5 7 1 \E 03 SQ FT ANO A HEAT LOAD OF 2 . 1420E 07 BTU/HR ARE I N THI S CONF I URATI GN.
tLOI
8
0 1
tLOK
B
8
STREA/ 1 1
f( # hAh f tRAN<H f EMP
SI NK 4. CL IA H:R T i t
STRCAM Owl
T YPf NAME tANCH Tt MP
SI NK 4, CL )iIE R
ot 2. = 3
T05 11.1 . 6
RO. 0L YV
T0 7
T02
TOo "
-- 01 VI OER tLOCIS ---
S T RE AS OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRANCH TEMP BRANCH TEMP BRANCH TEMP BRANCH T E P BRAtCH T EMP
koI T I N R0 2 T IN
--- SUMME R BLOCKS ---
STREAMS lN
BRANCH TeMP BRANCH TEMP BKANCH f i:MP BRANCH T EMP BRANCH TEMP
RO l T 0 5 ROZ T06
VA H LCb NAME S AND VALUES
25 1 . 8 T 03 250. 2
189. 4 T07 = U IO. O
0+ I0- 7
ROl a 34660.0
l lCA TE st-t tetcs WHOSE ALUE WAS S PIl t FI E D ON INPUT .
B lNOH.AT b VAK lAdl E S WHOSE VALU WA S CHANGED FROM THA T SP ECI FI ED ON I NPUT . SE E NOT ES ABOVE FOR CHANGES MADE .
r
O
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Lh

<
9

0
DXI nn
tLLN h AKc Hc cb N LALU A tUh NNK th LLL b bbF L HH c XLH # Uo
Hc H N HUH 1 tHK LKAUKc OF AFFKAH b Zo o
HL NU^cK OF 8L0LKS N H b YS T EM I S 7 AN 10 hcN V AK ALc NAHc b NcKc Yc No
ULULh LALULA UN KUcK Uoc b O l , 02 , 04 , 05 , C7 , 06 , 0B ,
XL HANUcK LULhb
bUUKc >KcAH b Nh b KcAH cLHANcK b F c L LA No
b KLH cHF cHF b h cAH cHF cHF u HcA LA Hc AL HcAZ
# NAHc HANLH N UU 9 NAH L KANLH N CUT 1 8 TU/HR I I F I l
o FKUL b ! h L Zo PRO! 3 N L 7 L o = bVZc o 66. 3
FKU 2 N JZ 3 - PRUI l N 1L 1 50 . 5. 2700E 06 40. 0 5 1 . 1
2. FHL 4 N LA L FhL L N 1 L o 5 . 2 3601 b VZ + Z +
o FKUL b b 6. LL NA c KI N 1 50. 2. 494 tE Oo 5 0 . 9 5 0. 0
1. FKL Z L A h o LL NA cK KZ l N U L o 2 . 85 001 06 64. 9 +
cLA AKcA
Hc 1A l t
42 . 1 8 8 2 . 1
45 . 6 I67. 8
L V+ b 250. 1
50 . 6 329 . 8
57. L >>Z =
A A L Lt cLHANUcK W I TH A AKLA t /obhb 03 b t AN A Hc A LA Lt Z o L 9Z c 1 8TJ/ HR ARt N Ho LN UKA No
bLLL6

LL6
B
08
TrL
bNh
Fc
b N6
*
*
K &
STReA N
NAL bhANLH cHF
N LL AcK K l N
b KLAH OUT
8 NAt dKANLH cHF
N LL ATEK R 03 f 01
&o Z =
1 7 . 4 T06 "
& L o K
UL Y UcK LLhb
bhANLH cHF 8/ACH cHF
KUL N R02 N
bU HHK LULhb ***
IRANCH T cM KANLH cHF
RO L RU2 TOb
YAK AL c o NAHc b A N YALUc b
b KcAHb QU
bKANLH cHF
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dKANLH c F KANLH 1HF
b Kc AHb h
KANLH NF KANLH c F KA NLH cHF
Z o b T lO
8o- 1 *
hZ 1o Z
1 80. 0
104 .
o. o
ROl a 34000. 0 *
b,
* h0CAIo VAK LALc4 hHoc VAL Ub NAb aFcL t c N NFUo
B L AT ES YAK AbLLb N HUoc YALUc HAb LHANUZU tKH HA bFCL t c 0N u. bc c N1cb A Yc tK HNcb Aco
I

BLOK

OJ
02
Ol
04
05
Cl
0 1
TMLE D-XII lcontnue)
fOtLUI II ARf THE lESI GN CALCULA Tl ONli F OR lE t ' S "LPHMAL" NET WORK F CR Hl S 6SP l .
THE I I Nl HI.M TEM P E RAJIRE CF AP PRCAIH I S 20 .0 F .
THt NUMEER Of o LUC KS l N TH ! S SYSTEM I S 9 AND 1 2 NEW VARI A8LE NAME S WERE GI VEN.
dLUCK CALCU tAT L t LHUCH uc0 8 O l , Ooo 02, 03, 04o 05 o 08 o 07 o 0 9,
tXCHAroGER BLOCKS
S OURct Sl REAH S INK STREAM E XCHANGER SPE C IF ! CAT l ONS
SJRtAH TEMP TfMP STREAM T HP T flP U hEAT LOAD THE TA l THE TA 2
# NAME UAN CH IN uUI ' NAME dRANCH I N OUT l 8TU/HR! ( F I ( F )
1- PRJC 2 101 3 . PRUC 5 T IN 1 X 1 50 . 5 . 2 700E Ob 40. 0 5 1 . 8
1. PROC 2 T01 T02 1. PROC 1 TI N TOl 1 50 . 2 . I 00 0o 20 . 0 . 5
2 . PRUC 4 T l N T04 1 . P RO< 1 T03 TE X 1 50. 3. 1 7 l oE 06 0 - 0 1 5: .0
2. PkU( 4 T 04 T1X Z, P RUC 3 T I N T05 1 50 . 2 . 06^^c 06 1 43. 7 120. 0
3. PROC 6 f !N T Oi . , PIU 3 T0 5 TEX 1 o. 3 . 5 0481 Oo 40 . 0 42 . 7
J, PkO( Z 102 lEX 4 . CL wAT ER R02 f i N TOo 1 50 . 7 . 41 5 61 o: 20. 0 o
3. PRO( o J Oe TlX 4 . iL WAT ER R03 T I N T07 1 50 . 4. 5 92E 06 99. 9 50. 0
DELTA AREA
T HIT A I>v FI I
45 . 6 769 .8
42 . 1 333. 7
1 19 . b 1 7 6 ,9
1 31 . 5 1 04. 7
4 1 . 3 56 5 .4
32 . 7 1 5 1 0
72 . l ^2 !. 6
A TOT A t CF 1 EXCHAiiufi aUH AN A REA OF 2. 5232E 03 SQ FT AND A HEA T LOD CF 2 . 1 420 E 07 BTJ /HR ARE I N T H IS CONF IGJR AT f GN.
BLGK

OB
BLOK

09
TYPI
S I NK
TYPt
S INK
T 0 1 "
T05 "
f09 =
S fiEA I N
NAE tRANLH TEMP
4, (L WAfER T l i
bTRI:M uUI
8 NA SRANCH TEMP
4. LL WATER f 0 9
.51 1 T02 "
243. 0 06 *
!80+C l1 2 "
-- U l V l OER BLOKS ---
ST REAMS OUT
BRANCH T EMP BRANCH T EKP BRANCH T EMP BRANCH TEM BRA NCH TEMP
R02 T I N R03 T I N
-- UMMER 8L0O5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . S TREAMS IN
BRANCH T EMP ACH H:MP BRANtH TI:MP BRANCH TE P BRA NCH TEMP
R02 T06 R03 T07
V AR IABLES -- NAMES ANO V ALUES
1 76. 5 TOJ 23. 6
1 56. ! . T 01 " 185. 8
hh0. 0 + k02 1312 5. 0 *
f0+ 386. 7
T08 . 2 85. 1
R03 " 53 134. 9
* I Nil CATI: VAI{ Ut.h WIS E VALUE WAS SPt(I F l EO ON I NP UT
l NOJ CA TE 48l 4oL > 0Sc VALUE -A& CHANGEO F ROM THAT S P ECI Fl EU ON I NPUT . SEE NOTE S ABOVE FOR CHANGES MADE.
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0 3
h
2
Oo
07
TALE o-xrr lcontInued)
F0LLu I h6 NL b LN Y LL LUL N b F0k L c L b " HL " 8 \688 F08 H b b r o
HL H N HUH bHL UL Q rKLH b Zo r o
MLb L LALLUL UN> KL Fu HL bLNb 1 V1 T Yh LL I Z Hc NL N VLUL r 420 .0
HL NNDLh Ut LLhb N H b bT> LH l S 9 N L Z N8 Y K L L NHL b hLL U YL No
ULUL6 =4LLuLAI I uN UHULK Uoc b 8 O l o 02 o OJ , 04 , 05 , 0o , Oi hOl ,09 ,
LAL HNL LLhb
UUhLL bLH b NK ohL H LALHNLK b r LL tL N b
o1 hLH T LHr C ohLH LHr 1LHr U HL L Hc L HL Z
NANL tKANIH & UU NHL ukANL N UU UU7Hh l l
L o hUL 2 J l Z O! 3. N CA 2 h 030L 06 3 1 h1 o 2
l . PRuC JOl U L rRUL L N L 2 + 2. > Vo J
2 . rKUL h N U L o rhUL L . 1 03 1LA 2 o 3 -2 28F 9 1 . 2 L 21o
< + r'hUL h LA Z KUL N 0 L 2 Z+ 1 LL O L Z = 1 1 'I o
3o rU I \ I N I8 2 . u 3 2 L L 2 o 3. 1C ho 4o 0
1 . Puc z UZ c ho LL HLh Z N I06 10 . 7 .204tE D LV h h +0
3. rhL I JOt nx 4 . LL N<H h3 N 101 L 2 o ho 2 2L 06 99 . 7 hVo
LL1 c
HL1 l b F !I
h L o 0 769 .8
40. 9 3 3 3 .7
L Z L L L 1o V
L o h IU4 o
hL + 2 2boh
J o L D L =
L o 9 Z L o0
AL Ut f xC4NoL> ll AN A8cA 0f 2. >3t 3 b t NU HL LL Z VZ1L J Hh L N H b LNr Uh LNo
LL
P
0 6
L
#
0
Tr
b NK
IPc
b N&
b KCH N
8 NHL 8k4NLh LH
o LL h L H N
bhLN L
NAHL HNLll bNl
ho LL L H V
" U1V L 8L0C 8S *~-
NLH L Hr bNLH LH
ROZ N h N
b UHHL LLhb ***
hNLH 1LHr hNLH LNr
2 R03 1
b L b UU
NLH LH DNLH L r LH LHr
b hLHb N
HNLH LHr NLH LHr hNLH LHr
V&X1&DJe Uarea and VaIuea Nex1 Page
I
U
V
TALE D-XII l con1Lnued)
V4R1 ASLE S -- N4ME S A ND VALUeS
L 1 > 24. 5 1 02 I S 1 74 .3 T 0 3 I S 2 28 . 0
WAS b- 8 WAS 1 7o. : W AS 2.H .!
O I FF *N +4 O lfF -2. 1 7 O I FF -3 . 7>
l5 l 5 Z42. > T Oo I S -+ V 1 0 7 b 1 8 5 . 1
NAS eo0 WA S 1 56. 5 WAS 1 65 . t
O l fF *o Ol fF - 1 . 61 OHF -0. 1 1
T Ol 1 : 1 7<. 5 Ill I S '20 .0 * R02 I S 1 31 25. 0 *
S I o0. 0 WA : 440. 0 WAS 1 .Hl5
D 1 Ff -0.4o Ol ff -Lo .oo D l FF o . o
1 l NOl CAhS VAR 1AlE S b0S VALU WAS S PEC 1 F l E O O N l N Pot.
T EM PERATURES Of STREAMS LEA V I NG NETWORK
SOiIRIE P hLSENT UESJGN S I NK PR ES EN T
:T oI:Aib HMP . our TtMP . uur OI F F . S TREAM S T EM P. 0uT
PkuC 2 148. 6 1 50 . O -1 ,42 PRCC 1 428 . t
PKUC 4 29 . 0 JOO . O - 1 . 0 1 PRQC 341 . 9
PkOC ~o9 1!0 . 0 -0. 1 0 PROC 5 3 63 . 3
CL WATER 1 80 .0
T C4 1 S 385. 0
WAS 3 86. 7
O lfF -I . 1
1 08 1 5 2 8. 3
WAS 285 . 1
D lFF -0 . 3 7
R03 I S 5 3 1 34. \
wAS 53 1 J4 . 9
O I FP o0
DE S I G
TEMP. 00T Ol FF .
i30 .0 - 1 . 1 7
350 . 0 -0. 1 4
400 .0 - 11 . 6 7
1 10 . 0 o. o
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