Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes
LED luminaires Economical Lifetimes
Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED System LED luminaires are part of an integrated system thermal electronic optical mechanical Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes High Power LEDs LED types used by Schrder LED lifetime extrapolation (TM-21) LED system lifetime LED driver lifetime LED exchange concepts Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Concepts Citizen CL-L 103-longitudinal CreeXP-E 1mm 2 -chip Bridgelux RS 4500 lm CreeMC-E 4x0.7mm 2 -multichip CreeXM-L 4mm 2 -chip Difficult to use for asmmetric street lighting pattern Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Lifetime Tests and Extrapolations Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Among the findings of the TM-21 workgroup: 6000 hours of LM-80 testing is not adequate to allow accurate projection of L 70 LED platforms from manufacturer to manufacturer each tend to have their own lumen depreciation characteristics LED platforms within a given manufacturer each tend to have their own lumen depreciation characteristics LED Lifetime Extrapolation TM-21 Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes 2. Chip Degradation 1. Silicone Encapsulant Degradation 3. Phosphor Degradation FACTORS AFFECTING LUMEN DEPRECIATION IN LEDs Ceramic Substrate, Silicone Encapsulant, Phosphor Conversion Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes 2. Chip Degradation 1. Silicone Encapsulant Degradatio 3. Phosphor Degradation FACTORS AFFECTING LUMEN DEPRECIATION IN LEDs Molded Plastic Package, Silicone Encapsulant, Phosphor Conversion, Silver Lead Frame 4. Lead Frame Degradation 5. Plastic Degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes 1. Silicone Encapsulant Degradation 2. Chip Degradation 3. Phosphor Degradation 4. Reflector Degradation 5. Glass Degradation FACTORS AFFECTING LUMEN DEPRECIATION IN LEDs Ceramic Substrate, Silicone Encapsulant, Phosphor Conversion, Silver Reflector, Glass Lens Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes time Lumen Depreciation of LED Components chip degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes time Lumen Depreciation of LED Components chip degradation silicone degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes time Lumen Depreciation of LED Components chip + silicone degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes time Lumen Depreciation of LED Components chip + silicone degradation plastic degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes time Lumen Depreciation of LED Components chip + silicone + plastic degradation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Typical LM-80 Test Behavior and TM-21 Lumen Maintenance Projection (6k) First 1k hours is ignored for TM-21 projection purposes Upper reporting bound set by 6x available data (6 x 6k = 36k hrs) Exponential extrapolation to least squares mathematical fit between 1k and 6k hours Reported and projected L70 may or may not be the same number 100% 90% 80% 70% L u m e n
M a i n t e n a n c e
( % ) Time (hours) 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 Projected L 70 (6k) = 35,000 hours Reported L 70 (6k) = 35,000 hours 6 x 6,000 = 36,000 hours (max) Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Typical LM-80 Test Behavior and TM-21 Lumen Maintenance Projection (10k) 100% 90% 80% 70% L u m e n
M a i n t e n a n c e
( % ) Time (hours) 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 6 x 10,000 = 60,000 hours (max) Projected L 70 (10k) = 93,000 hours Reported L 70 (10k) = 60,000 hours Tmax/2 is used for TM-21 projection (10K/2 = last 5K hours) Upper reporting bound set by 6x data (6 x 10k = 60k hrs) Exponential Extrapolation to least squares mathematical fit between 5k and 10k hours Reported and projected L 70 may or may not be the same number Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Typical LM-80 Test Behavior and TM-21 Lumen Maintenance Projection (20k) 100% 90% 80% 70% L u m e n
M a i n t e n a n c e
( % ) Time (hours) 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 6 x 20,000 = 120,000 hours (max) Projected L 70 (20k) = 114,000 hours Reported L 70 (20k) = 114,000 hours Tmax/2 is used for TM-21 projection (20K/2 = last 10K hours) Upper reporting bound set by 6x data (6 x 20k = 120k hours) Exponential Extrapolation to Least squares mathematical fit between 10k and 20k hours Reported and projected L 70 may or may not be the same number Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Lifetime Tests and Extrapolations Tj=68 C, 0.35 A Tj=98 C, 0.35 A Tj=112 C, 0.7 A Low impact of the current on lumen maintenance L70=148 Kh L70=67 Kh L70=54 Kh Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Lumen Maintenance and Catastrophic Failures T j : Impact on critical failures I f : Impact on lumen maintenance (L70) Lumen maintenance Ex. Cat. failures Catastrophic failures 65 C 100 C Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Lumen Maintenance From the LED to an LED Luminaire B10, L70 B50, L70 L70, only regarding long-term lumen maintenance Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Failure Rates LED System Approach LED tunnel luminaire (54 LEDs) Requirement in the customers specification: 90 % lumen maintenance in 90 % of all luminaires after 5 years of operation (24 h/day) 44000 h What will be the maximum Tj in order to fulfil this requirement? At a given Tj, what is a realistic failure rate? Long-Term Lumen Maintenance Catastrophic Failure Rate System Life Monte-Carlo-Simulation Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Failure Rates LED System Approach 62 LEDs 110 C 90 khrs vs. 60 khrs!!! L70 Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Failure Rates LED System Approach 350mA/54 LEDs/L80 T j = 65C T j = 75C T j = 80C T j = 85C 90,000 80,000 Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Failure Rates LED System Approach L70 L75 L80 L90 350mA/54 LEDs/65C Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Critical Failures LEDs fail !!! Probability of the failure of an individual LED after 50000 h: 0,05 % - 0,5 % (depending on the operating conditions) Luminaire with 32 LEDs Probability that at least one LED fails after 50000 h can be 15 % Failure modes and preventive actions: Open circuit: The LEDs in a series are off protection by a shunt (Zener) Short circuit: Only the defective LED is off no additional protection Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Drivers Lifetime and Reliability LEDs: Lifetime (Byy, Lxx) Drivers: Failure rate as a function of lifetime F a i l u r e
r a t e / t i m e
u n i t Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Drivers Lifetime and Reliability Typical lifetime curve of electronic drivers Usable lifetime Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes LED Drivers Lifetime and Reliability Typical lifetime curve of electronic drivers 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 L i f e t i m e Ambi ent temperature [ C] Driver Lifetime vs. Temperature Lifetime ~ e E a /RT (Arrhenius Law) Reference: T c at the T c point indicated on the driver T c T a !! Impact of temperature if the driver is not operated? Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes MTBF-MTTF Calculation of the lifetime of electronic devices MTBF: Mean Time Between Failures Predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a system during operation MTBF Simulation taking into account: Components Current Temperature of the components Air humidity No repair of a defective System MTTF: Mean Time To Failure MTBF Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes MTBF-Lifetime MTBF Lifetime Failures at MTBF: 63 %!!! (assuming exponential failure model) Lifetime of typical drivers: OSRAM OT42/350 5 % failures at 50000 hrs VS-O EDXe 350-40W 10 % failures at 50000 hrs ROAL 42 V 120 V 350 mA 8 % failures at 80000 hrs H&S 84 W+126 W 120 V 8 % failures at 80000 hrs Only statistical failures, no catastrophic failure due to the end of capacitor lifetime 5 % failures at 50000 hrs 1000000 hrs MTBF Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes Failure Modes in the LED System Other failure causes in the LED luminaire Thermal Electronic Optical Browning of the lenseddue toheat andUV Soiling Mechanical Solder cracksdue to mismatchof expansion coefficients Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes A R E S A
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O R I E N T O LED Exchange Concepts PCB accessible, exchange of the PCB Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes CALLA LED Future proof! Onsite replacement concept Electronic & LED optical block Adapted to the follow the LED evolution LED Exchange Concepts Exchange of the LED module Schrder, Steffen Holtz, J une 2011 LEDs Economical Lifetimes PIANO LEDSafe: performances over time - Completely IP 66 sealed LED Optical bloc - LEDs +lenses protected by a glass - Extra-clear glass Optical bloc IP 66 independant and removable on site FutureProof: - onsite replacement concept - electronic & LED optical bloc - adapted to follow the LED evolution LED Exchange Concepts Exchange of the whole optical block