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Vocabulary items:
deregulation = change
cost-effective = financially efficient
constrained = limited
safeguarded = protected
are bound = are obliged
barrister = avocat pledant
ancillary = subordinate, secondary
jurisdiction = putere judiciara
expertise = competence
Legal Ombudsman = a Parliamentary Commissioner who investigates complaints
against government department
Lay Observer = observator profan, nespecialist
conveyancing = cesiune
Vocabulary search:
financially efficient = cost-effective
to work (as a lawyer) = to practice in the legal profession
restricted = constrained
protected = safeguarded
pleading in court = advocacy
the right to appear in court as an advocate = the right of audience
step/level = certificate
to give/to grant = to issue
pertinent = relevant
qualified or suitable for something = professional
to keep = retain
a person who acts as an intermediary in the buying and selling of property = estate
agent
a person who acts as an intermediary between the general public and the Stock
Exchange = stockbroker
to handle = to deal with
to get rid of = to abolish
a Parliamentary Commissioner who investigates complaints against government
departments or large organisations = Ombudsman
to reexamine = investigate
laws or rules intended to protect someone or something from being harmed =
jurisdiction
acknowledged = eligible for appointment
special skills or knowledge acquired by training, study or practice = practice
(someone who is) not a member of the profession = non-lawyer
to make (something) difficult by placing obstacles in the way = to hinder
Definitions:
a Crown Prosecutor = a prosecutor of the Royal service
to prosecute = to initiate and conduct legal proceedings
a) a da in judecata: Mary Whitehouse successfully prosecuted the editor of the newspaper.
b) a reprezenta acuzarea, a acuza: Mr. Woodby always defends, he never prosecutes.
prosecutor = acuzator, procuror
“lower” courts = courts of justice of minor importance
rights of audience = rights of practice in the court
a solicitor = (only in the lower courts) a solicitor is a lawyer who gives legal advice and
prepares legal documents and cases; consilier juridic, jurist, avocat
a local authority = a public figure of the local community
the “duty solicitor” scheme = a schedule for solicitors to be on duty
to take instructions = to receive instructions
criminal case = legal case that has to do with conviction (not civil)
Definitions:
the judiciary = sistem juridic
Lord Justice = lord is the title used in front of the name of judge, bishops (episcop), and
officials of high rank; e.g. the Lord Mayor of London; the Lord Chief Justice
appeal = apel, recurs
Lord Justice of Appeal = judecator la Curtea de Apel
Justice of Peace = judecator de pace; A Justice of Peace is an officer of the Court who
judges cases that come before the lower courts.
stipendiary = salariat; (as an adj.) cu salariu: stipendiary magistrate
a magistrate = is an official who acts as a judge in a law court which deals with minor
crimes or disputes
offence = delict, infractiune; An offence is a crime.
assault = atac
crime = delict
jury = juriu, totalitatea juratilor
indictable = pasibil de urmarirea penala, care cade sub rigorile legii
manslaughter = omor prin imprudenta
to commit = a trimite la inchisoare; a condamna
committal = arestare
warrant = mandat
to issue = a emite
betting (shop) = agentie de pariuri
panel = comisie, comitet, grup de specialisti
expense = cheltuieli care se deconteaza; at someone`s expense = pe cheltuiala cuiva
to incur = a face datorii; business expenses that arise / incurred outside the office
Vocabulary search:
not an expert (adj.) = lay
to handle = deal with
petty = marunt, neinsemnat, meschin, trivial
infringement of the law = criminal jurisdiction; incalcare, violare
soliciting money or goods = offence
offence that is tried in the Common Court = indictable offence
murder with mitigating circumstances or no mens rea = manslaughter
stealing money, property or goods = theft
sum = amount
to choose = elect
to justify = to warrant
document authorising the arrest of a person or a search of his property = warrant
permission to do something that would otherwise be unlawful = license
the head of the judiciary = the Lord Chancellor
deserving = worthy
that arise = incur
something which proves the existence (or non-existence) of a fact = evidence
helped = assisted
Guided summary:
A lay magistrate, otherwise known as a Justice of the Peace deals with civil and criminal
cases that are not serious enough to go as far as the Crown or County Courts. Unlike
stipendiary magistrates, who receive a stipend and are allowed to sit alone, they can
claim only expenses that arise in the course of their judicial duties. Magistrates handle all
summary offences as well as some "either way" offences, where the defendant prefers a
case without a jury. They also decide which cases should be referred to the higher courts,
during what is termed committal proceedings.
Police Powers
Vocabulary items:
offence = delict, infractiune
to repeal = a abroga, a revoca
burglary = spargere
fingerprint = amprenta
smuggling = contrabanda
warrant = mandat de arestare
manslaughter = omor prin imprudenta
reckless = nesabuit
harm = vatamare, primejduire
charge = accusation
evidence = sample (proba)
under (the Public Order) = sub incidenta
record = cazier
conspiracy = uneltire
interference = amestec, ingerinta
summon = citatie
Translation:
1. Rape is an offence that carries a sentence of at least five years.
2. Police powers undergo changes at present.
3. Arsony for criminal purposes is considered as serious a crime as theft.
4. The texts regarding arrest without warrant are going to be modified.
5. He is suspected by the police of drugdealing.
6. Every time he is being asked a question, he pretends he hasn`t heard or seen anything.
7. Police is going to question the suspect tomorrow.
8. How annoying! This young inspector is always about to require house-search, even
when it is not necessary.
9. In England, fingerprints are taken at the Commissariat.
10. The increasing number of criminal offences in Romania starts worrying the
authorities.
Tribunals
Translation:
1. In the fifties a Parliamentary Commisssion drew up a report on the system of tribunals.
2. During the nineties the European Court became more and more important.
3. A lot of judicial reforms were carried out in the last fifteen years.
4. Only in June 1990 the government took a vote on ten Acts as regards education.
5. It`s for the first time that this landlord sued the tenant at law.
6. He hasn`t received but the rent for a month this year ... and it`s already October.
7. The hearing has been lasting for three hours. / The hearing has been on for three hours.
8. The council was created on the basis of the report of the Commission.
9. The public ignored the existence of the adjucative councils during their creation.
Vocabulary items:
litigation = litigiu, proces, judecata
liaison = legatura
practice = birou
Vocabulary search:
A consilia = to advice
Cautat = seeked
Provocare = challenge
Volum de munca = volume of work
Disponibil = available
Insolvabilitate = insolvency
Administrator judiciar = administrative receiver
Drept penal = criminal law
Experienta = practice
Consilier fiscal = tax consultant
Formatie = team
Conceput = conceived
Ameliorat = enhanced
Arbitraj = litigation
Retea nationala = nationwide network
Gama larga = wide range
Pertinent = competent
A evalua = to asset
Stagiar = trainee, articled
Definitions:
Scheme = project
Career advancement = promotion
Associate partner = another solicitor working in the same business
Administrative receiver = legal administrator; administrator judiciar
Insolvency = the state of a person or organisation that does not have enough money to
pay their debts
Rewards = recompensa, rasplata
Corporate tax = taxes paid by corporations
Bonus = an extra sum of money as a reward for work well done; prima
Articles = the period of being a trainee; stagiatura
Applicant = a person who wants to get a job
Definitions
Matching: 1-D; 2-H; 3-I; 4-E; 5-A; 6-J; 7-C; 8-B; 9-F; 10-G
The Nature of the Common Law
2. Equity
Vocabulary search:
Not the same = no more than
At the beginning = originally
To obtain = to acquire
Remedy / the act of making right = to redress
A person party to a court action = litigant
Satisfaction = relief
A court order telling a person that he must fulfil his obligations under a contract =
injunction
To be victorious / to take precedence = to prevail
To resist = to defy
Complicated = intricate
To replace = to supersede
To make law = judicature
A person applying for redress against another person in a law suit = plaintiff
Pure / simple = idle
To count on = rely on
Eviction = ejectment
A conveyance of land giving full possession to a person for a fixed period = lease
Agreement / promise = covenant
Responsible in law = liable
Non-respect of an agreement = breach
Definitions:
An injunction = a judicial order restraining a person from an act or compelling redress to
an injured party
The "fountain of justice" = the supreme justice
"Conflict or variance" = disagreement
the Court of Chancery = the supreme / Royal court of justice
a tenant = a person who rents land or property from a landlord
equity = natural justice
Translation:
1. Modern law is complex as compared to equity.
2. Equity is part of the common law.
3. The British legal system is the best in the world.
4. Lawyers play an important part in contemporary society.
5. In the Middle Ages the king, as the fountain of justice, acted / was very often as both
the judge and the judiciary.
6. In 1875 the English Judiciary changed and "common injunctions" were abolished.
7. In Paris the angry landlord and the tenant that doesn`t pay his rent are typical litigants
in the court of law.
8. I love law, especially commercial law.
9. Contemporary law students are the future lawyers and we call upon them to study the
use of the article in English.
Vocabulary items:
Practice statement = a statement made in the course of trials; no legal statement
Admonitory (admonition) = warning, rebuke; dojana, admonestare
Obiter dicta = (a thing said by the way by a judge) not essential, without binding
authority
A counsel = is a lawyer who gives advice on a legal case and fights the case in court; e.g.
That is one of the arguments that is used by defense counsels.
4. Statute Law
Vocabulary items:
Go-slow = greva cu incetinirea ritmului de lucru
Work-to-rule = greva japoneza
To withhold = a retine
Fall due = i se cuveni, a-i reveni
Repudiatory = a repudia, a respinge
To detract = a scadea, a diminua
Recourse = recurgere
Notice = atentionare, avertizare
Rescission abrogare, anulare
Redundancy = concediere, reducere de personal
To accrue = a se acumula
Concession = concesie
1-G; 2-L; 3-J; 4-K; 5-O; 6-B; 7-E; 8-D; 9-N; 10-M; 11-A; 12-C; 13-H; 14-F; 15-J
Translation:
1. As Mr. X took part in a go-slow strike 10% of this month wage will be withheld.
2. Although the workers preceded the strike by a notice they are liable of breach of
contract.
3. Moreover, common law enhances the illegal character of the strikes.
4. In fact, it is difficult to state / assert that the state adopts a neutral stand regarding
industrial actions / in its attitude toward strikes.
5. Even lesser forms of industrial action, such as work-to-rule or go-slow, are punished
by law.
6. The strikers that give a notice simply want to "break" the contract trying to keep the
contract alive as long as the employer does not exercise his right of rescission.
7. If an employee thinks he is the victim of unfair dismissal whether or not he took part
in a strike, he can, of course, ask for a judicial decision (an industrial tribunal has
jurisdiction to hear his complaint).