Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1
The culture and society of Pakistan describes the influences
of culture, national dresses, and influence of Western culture,
living style, educated modern cities like Karachi, Islamabad
and Pakistanis living abroad.
In Flora and Fauna, the discussed topics are the climate and
geography, wildlife, forests, mountains, grown fruits,
southern plains, Central Pakistan, national animal of
Pakistan, wildlife of Karakoram and deforestation in the
country.
3
Industrial development includes the economic growth and
industrial progress, regional inequalities, industrial and
economic policies and loss of Pakistans industries.
4
PREFACE
5
Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Father of the Nation
6
FOREWORD
PAKISTAN! ZINDABAD!
8
CONTENTS
Introduction 11
History 13
Geography 23
Demographics 29
Beauty of Pakistan 34
Architecture 47
Dances 50
Festivals 51
Literature 55
Cuisine 57
Cinema 60
Legends of Pakistan 63
Politics 134
Problems 137
i) Education 137
Hope 146
10
INTRODUCTION
12
HISTORY
The land which constitutes Pakistan today has been the home
of worlds oldest civilization. Its first known
inhabitants are believed to have been the Soanians, who
settled in the Soan Valley and Riwat areas some 2 million
years ago. Over the next several thousand years, the region
was home to various civilizations like Mehrgarh and the
Indus Valley Civilization. The region saw many conquests
and remained both independent and under various colonial
empires throughout different time periods. Its ancient history
also includes some of the oldest known empires.
14
Taxila: The birth place of Gandhara civilization
15
Archeological site of Mohenjo-daro in Southern Pakistan ,
built around 2600 BC, was one of the largest settlements of
the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's
earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the
civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Crete.
Mohenjo-daro was discovered in 1922.
Ruins of Harappa
16
Location of Harrapa and Mohenjodaro
17
Advent of Islam in the Indian Sub continent
Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took
place from the 12th to the 16th centuries, though earlier
Muslim conquests made limited inroads into modern
Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the 8th century.
Beginning in the 12th century, several Islamic states were
established in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a
gradual Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent. This
process culminated in the Mughal Empire, which ruled most
of India during the mid-16th to mid-19th centuries.
Most of the foreign invaders of the sub continent came from
Afghanistan. During the last quarter of the 12th
century, Muhammad of Ghor invaded the Indo-Gangetic
plain, conquering in
succession Ghazni, Multan, Sindh, Lahore, and Delhi. Qutb-
ud-din Aybak, one of his generals proclaimed himself Sultan
of Delhi. In the 13th century, Shamsuddn
Iltutmish (12111236), a former slave-warrior, established a
Turkish kingdom in Delhi, which enabled future sultans to
push in every direction. During a period of 100 years, the
Delhi Sultanate extended its way east to Bengal and south to
the Deccan. However, the sultanate was in constant flux as
five dynasties rose and fell: the Slave dynasty (1206
90), Khalji dynasty (12901320), Tughlaq dynasty (1320
1413), Sayyid dynasty (141451), and Lodi dynasty (1451
1526). The Khilji dynasty, under 'Al'uddn (12961316),
succeeded in bringing most of South India under its control
for a time, although conquered areas broke away quickly.
Power in Delhi was often gained by violencenineteen of
the thirty-five sultans were assassinatedand was
legitimized by reward for tribal loyalty. Factional rivalries
and court intrigues were as numerous as they were
treacherous; territories controlled by the sultan expanded and
shrank depending on his personality and fortunes.
Prior to the conquest of India by the British East India
Company, the Muslim Moghul Empire was able to subjugate
most of India's Hindu kings. However, few parts in upper
reaches of the Himalayas and the extreme south remained
under the rule of Hindu kings.
18
Pakistanis widely believe that the foundation of modern day
Pakistan was laid in 712 A.D. when Mohammad Bin Qasim
arrived in Sindh and defeated Raja Dahir. The Quaid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali Jinnah, acclaimed the event- "the Pakistan
Movement started when the first Muslim put his foot on the
soil of Sindh, the Gateway of Islam in India."
The Quaid was convinced that the only way for Muslims and
Hindus to live peacefully was separately as two different
nations. Initially this was the idea of the great Muslim
philosopher and thinker, Dr. Allama Iqbal. As a result the
Pakistan plan emerged and this was declared at Lahore on
23rd March 1940. This declaration was called the Lahore
Resolution or better known as Pakistan Movement. Thus the
struggle for Pakistan began. When the time came for dividing
the land between Pakistan and India it was decided that the
Muslim majority areas would become Pakistan, and the
Hindu majority areas India. The plan for the territories had
been made and agreed upon by both parties, but Viceroy Lord
Louis Mountbatten teamed up with Jawarlal Nehru and
changed the map and gave India the areas which were
supposed to go to Pakistan causing millions of people to
migrate from Pakistan to India and also from India to
Pakistan. Also, Mountbatten and Nehru played foul by
making the Kashmiri ruler sign backdated and fake papers,
which allowed India to land its forces in Kashmir and take
control.
20
Pakistan had been betrayed repeatedly, and if Quaid would
have objected to the defective partition plan, Pakistan
wouldn't have been able to materialize. The Hindus and the
British were determined to destroy Pakistan in its early
stages. They (the Hindus and the British) even withheld the
assets which Pakistan was supposed to get.
21
The Great Migration of 1947
23
GEOGRAPHY
Thar dessert
24
Lush fields in KPK
Cholistan Desert
The Indus River has the most scenic white water runs
anywhere in the Himalayas. It begins in Tibet and after
running across the country flows into the Arabian Sea. The
1,609 km (1000 mi) long river is famous for the Indus
27
Dolphin. They have very small eyes thus they can only
differentiate between light and dark. Its flow is also
determined by the seasons; low in winter, and over flowing
in monsoon season. The river offers challenging rafting
opportunities to fun seekers.
29
Furthermore, various ethnic groups, invading armies and the
migrations to the region by people passing through on their
way to and from South Asia have left their imprints on the
population.
32
derived from Turko-Iranian nomadic invaders and is today
worn in all parts of Pakistan. In cities, western dress is more
popular among the younger generation, elites and the
business sector.
33
THE BEAUTY OF PAKISTAN
MEKRAN COAST
Gwadar
34
be secure and developed enough to become a true
surfing/scuba diving heaven.
TAXILA
Taxila
Taxila museum
35
SHANDUR PASS
Shandur Pass
The worlds highest polo ground is located in Shandur. The
Shandur Pass connects Chitral with Gilgit. Each summer this
desolate wilderness holds a huge mountain party called the
Shandur polo festival. The Shandur pass is mostly
uninhabited and crossing its snow covered slopes in winters
is an extremely hazardous task.
KAILASH VALLEY
PESHAWAR
Peshawar
37
LAHORE
DEOSAI PLATEAU
Deosai Plateau
HUNZA VALLEY
Hunza valley
THE MAJESTIC K2
40
ZIARAT
KARACHI
ISLAMABAD
Faisal Mosque
QUETTA
42
Quetta is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan
province of Pakistan. The city is also known as the Fruit
Garden of Pakistan, due to its numerous fruit orchards. The
city was almost completely destroyed in a major earth quake
in 1930s.
SWAT
Swat Valley
The stunning beauty, attraction and grace of the valley of
Swat is well known throughout the world. The areas
enchanting sights, moderate climate, pleasant environment,
and snow covered high peaks and the wild Swat River
presents a grand specter for all the visitors. Miandam,
Bahrain and Madian are popular destinations.
LAKE SAIF UL MALOOK
43
Lake Saif ul Malook is a famous tourist resort, well known
for the associated story of a Persian prince Saif ul Malook. It
is located about 8 kilometers north from the town of Naran in
northern end of Kaghan Valley, in District Mansehra, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.
The lake with its majestic and mesmerizing natural beauty,
pleasant atmosphere and associated tale and history, attracts
thousands of tourists each year from all around the country
during the summer.
FLORA AND FAUNA
Pakistan is a diverse country in terms of climate and
geography. The gorgeous landscapes and climates in the
country allows for a wide variety of trees, plants and other
wildlife and nature to flourish.
In the extreme northern mountains, Pakistan has some of its
finest forests. These forests range from coniferous alpine and
subalpine trees such as spruce, pine and deodar cedar. In
Baluchistan, Sindh and Southern Punjab, palms such as
coconuts and date are abundantly found. Juniper, Tamarisk,
coarse grasses and scrub plants are found in the western hills.
Mangrove forests form much of the coastal wetlands along
the coast in the south of Pakistan, adjacent to the Arabian Sea.
In most of Punjab and Sindh province, the Indus plains
support tropical and subtropical dry and moist broadleaf
forestry as well as tropical and shrub lands.
Pakistans fauna reflects its varied climate. Around 668
bird species are found. These include crows, sparrows,
mynas, hawks, falcons, and eagles. Many birds sighted in
Pakistan are migratory which are mostly coming from
Europe, Central Asia and India.
The southern plains are homes to mongooses, civets, hares,
the Asiatic jackal, the Indian pangolin, the jungle cat and
desert cat. There are mugger crocodiles in the Indus, and wild
boar, deer, porcupines and small rodents are common in the
surroundings.
44
Ibex in Baluchistan, Pakistan (Wildlife)
The sandy scrublands of Central Pakistan are home to Asiatic
jackals, striped hyenas, wildcats and leopards. The lack of
vegetation, severe climate and the impact of grazing on the
deserts have left all the wild animals in a precarious position.
The chinkara is the only animal that can still be found in
significant numbers in Cholistan. A small number of nilgai
are found along the Pakistan-India border and in some parts
of Cholistan. A wide variety of animals live in the
mountainous north, including the Marco Polo Sheep, the urial
(a subspecies of wild sheep), Markhor (The National Animal
of Pakistan) and Ibex goats, the Asian black bear and the
Himalayan brown bear.
Among the rare animals found in the area are the snow
leopards, the Asiatic cheetahs and the blind Indus River
dolphin, of which there are believed to be about 1100 still
remaining, protected at the Indus River Dolphin Reserve in
Sindh.
45
Wildlife of Karakoram
In total, 174 mammals, 177 reptiles, 22 amphibians, 198
freshwater fish species and 5000 species of invertebrates
(including insects) have been recorded in Pakistan. Pakistan
has the second-highest rate of deforestation in the world.
This, along with hunting and pollution, is causing adverse
effects on the ecosystem. The government has established a
large number of protected areas, wildlife sanctuaries, and
game reserves to deal with these issues.
ARCHITECTURE
46
Sheesh Mahel, Lahore
Shakarparian, Islamabad
47
Mausoleum of Quaid e Azam
48
Mughul era fort in Lahore
DANCES
Dancing is not permitted in Islam, but culturally it has existed
for many hundreds of years. Folk dances are still popular in
Pakistan and vary according to region such as:
Punjab
Bhangra
Luddi
Sammi
Jhumar
50
Baluchistan
Lewa
Chap
Jhumar
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Sindh
FESTIVALS
There are many festivals in Pakistan, some religious and
some national and we respect all of them. Some religious
festivals are:
Ramadan
Ramadan is the holiest month of the Islamic year, which is a
month of fasting from sunrise to sunset and self-discipline. It
is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and is widely
observed in Pakistan. The Muslims of Pakistan fast, attend
mosques with increased frequency, and recite the holy
Qur'an.People distribute food stuff and money to the needy.
This money is commonly known as Zakat. It is the Muslim
tax levied at the rate of 2.5% of the total savings in a Muslim
year.
51
Chand Raat
It is not a festival but a night of shopping, eating and fun.
Chand Raat occurs after the Islamic month of Ramadan and
is the night before Eid day celebrations. It also marks the end
of the month of Ramadan. During the night, people celebrate
in different ways. Girls put Hena on their hands, wear
bangles, buying of gifts and sweets. People visit each other
houses and go out for shopping and a night of fun.Shopping
areas, malls and even streets are tastefully decorated. There
are large crowds in the city center to celebrate the beginning
of Eid, and it is usually a boom time for business.
Eid celebrations
Muslims in Pakistan celebrate two Eids (Muslim festivals).
Eid ul-Fitr is to celebrate the end of month of Ramadan,
whereas the Eid ul Azha is celebrated to commemorate the
historic event in which Prophet Ibrahim (A.S) bowed his head
in submission to Allah to sacrifice his son Ismael (A.S) and
the willingness of the son to obey the command of Allah.Both
the occasions are national holidays and many festive events
taking place. During Eid ul Azha, animals mostly, goats,
sheep, cows and camels are sacrificed. During this event,
people also distribute the sacrificial meat to the poor,
relatives and neighbors. A lot of parties are also held in which
a large variety of dishes with meat including kebabs etc. are
served.
52
Eid shopping
54
Defense of Pakistan Day
LITERATURE
55
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (Poet and philosopher)
CUISINE
57
Foods such as shahi tukra, a dessert made with sliced bread,
milk, cream, sugar, and saffron (a type of spice), and chicken
tandoori are still enjoyed in the twenty-first century. Chicken
tandoori is chicken that is cooked at a low temperature in
special large clay ovens called tandoors. The interesting fact
about Pakistani cuisine, which makes it quite unique, is the
variety. Each area of Pakistan offers regional specialties. For
example, machli (fish) and other seafood are delicacies in the
coastal Sind province. In Baluchistan, (the largest province)
located in western Pakistan, cooks use the sajji method of
barbecuing whole lambs in a deep pit. The people living in
Punjab (eastern Pakistan) are known for their roti (bread) and
elaborate cooking preparations. The people of the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa region (the pashtuns) eat a lot of lamb. Their
cooking, however, is considered blander than the other
regions. Oven-baked bread eaten with cubes of meat, called
nan-kebab, is a favorite pashtun dish.
Pakistan offers many fresh fruits that are most plentiful in the
summer and autumn months. Mangoes, papayas, bananas,
watermelon, apricots, and apples are some examples. Many
Pakistanis eat their fruit (especially watermelon) with a light
dusting of salt to offset the sweetness or tartness.
59
Sometimes a dish made of meat are vegetables with chilies
and other spices is cooked overnight to be consumed for
breakfast the next morning, when it is eaten with naan , a type
of bread, or paratha , which is a flat chapati fried in oil.
Women prepare breakfast and all other meals for their family.
CINEMA
When we talk about the cinema of Pakistan, we straight away
think about the films made by Pakistan's largest film industry,
Lollywood, which is situated in Lahore.
60
Two legends of Pakistani silver screen; Waheed Murad and
Zeba
Before the separation of former East Pakistan now called
Bangladesh, Pakistan had three main film production centers;
Lahore, Karachi and Dhaka. Dhaka was lost after 1971 and
the center of film making shifted to Lahore. During the
regime of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the introduction
of entertainment taxes and strict laws, are considered by
many in Pakistan as obstacles to the industry's growth.
Once thriving, the cinema in Pakistan now is fighting to
survive. However, on the other hand the growth of the smaller
screen has been phenomenal. With Karachi and Lahore
becoming the center of drama production, many production
houses have now come up. Most of the educated and young
individuals have joined this field, considered a taboo few
years ago.
The Pakistani film industry is credited with having produced
some of the notable and recognized filmmakers, actors,
writers and directors, and for introducing pop music to South
Asia and beyond. Use of inferior and outdated techniques,
competition from regional competitors, piracy, as well as
opposition from many quarters in the society, has led to the
industry's decline in the country.
During the time of President Ayub Khan, the Cinema of
Pakistan was known as The Golden Age of Cinema in
Pakistan. Many stars were introduced in this period in time
and became legends on the silver screen. As black-and-
61
white became obsolete, Pakistan saw the introduction of first
color films.
In the recent years, despite some optimism of a revival,
progress continues to be slow. Alongside Geo Films, a
leading production house, continued efforts with their
'Revival of cinema', the Pakistan New Cinema Movement
(PNCM) was launched in 2009. With around 1400 members
PNCM, is a grass roots organization that is endeavoring and
facilitating networking in an effort to stimulate revival of the
film industry. Currently the industry has its main centers as
under:
62
LEGENDS OF PAKISTAN
Despite low allocation of funds for education, not existent
infrastructure for training people in various fields, Pakistan
has produced Legends in almost all walks of life. In early years,
Pakistan became prominent on the worlds map of
sports because of achievements in cricket, hockey and
squash. Pakistan was the undisputed King of Squash for
decades and produced luminaries like Roshan Khan, Hashim
Khan, Jahangir Khan, Jansher Khan and Qamar Zaman. In
other fields also such as Economics, Art and Literature as
well as Science and Technology. Pakistan produced World
Class Professionals. Some of these Legendary Figures are as
follows:
POLITICIANS
64
Fatima Jinnah (Politician)
65
Raana Liaquat Ali Khan (Politician)
67
General Ayub Khan
68
Benazir Bhutto (Politician)
69
WAR HEROES
70
Captain Sher Khan (Pakistan Army Officer)
71
Colonel Hassan Khan (Freedom Fighter)
72
SOCIAL ACTIVISTS
73
He is a leading Pakistani human rights and civil rights
activist. In 1980, he began the "Ansar Burney Welfare Trust",
"Prisoners Aid Society", and "Bureau of Missing and
Kidnapped Persons" in Karachi, Pakistan.His works revolves
around pro viding free legal aid to poor and needy persons
especially those held in jails. Recently he received worldwide
acclaim for his efforts in the release of hostages held by
Somali pirates.
Alam Channa
74
Alam Channa was the world's tallest living man at 232.4 cm
(7 ft. 7 inch) high. During his life he had been billed at various
heights of up to 9 ft. 6 while working at a circus.
WRITERS
Ashfaq Ahmed
Bano Qudsia
76
Fatima Surrayya Bajia
Haseena Moin
77
Kamal Ahmed Rizvi
78
Parveen Shakir (Poet)
She was a great Urdu poet, teacher and a civil servant of the
Government of Pakistan.
79
Faiz Ahmed Faiz (Poet)
80
ACTORS
Zia Mohyuddin
Moin Akhter
81
Shafi Muhammad Shah
82
Talat Hussain
83
Shakeel
Uzma Gillani
84
Bushra Ansari
Khalida Riyasat
85
Saleem Nasir
Jamshed Ansari
86
Zeba Shehnaz
She is a film, stage and drama actress who has won fame
through her versatile acting. Her real name is Shaheen, but
she adopted the name Zeba. She is widely regarded as one of
the top stars in the 1960s and the early 1970s. One of her most
memorable role came in 1972 film Mohabbat which
was critical and commercial success and earned her
third Best Actress award from Nigar Awards. She
acclaimed stardom through TV series fifty-fifty.
Muhammad Ali
87
actors of Asia (all time) by CNN survey. Along with oth er
famous actors such asWaheed Murad and Nadeem, he
remained one of the leading actors of Pakistan film industry.
Nadeem Baig
Sabiha Khanum
She was the leading star of Pakistani cinema in the 1950s and
1960s. Most of her movies were with her husband, the late
Santosh Kumar (Musa Raza). Sabiha and Santosh were
highly regarded as performers, and movie-goers loved to see
them together.
88
Nayyar Sultana
Waheed Murad
89
Mustafa Qureshi
Sultan Rahi
90
Athar Shah Khan
91
Lehri
92
Liaquat Soldier
SPORTSPERSONS
93
Hashim Khan (Squash Player)
94
Jansher Khan (Squash Player)
95
Hafeez Kardar (Cricketer)
96
Zaheer Abbas (Cricketer)
97
Javed Miandad (Cricketer)
99
Shoaib Akhtar (Fastest Bowler/ Cricketer)
100
Syed Hussain Shah
101
Muhammad Yousuf (Snooker Player)
102
Sohail Abbas (Hockey Player)
103
Aleem Dar (Cricket Umpire)
TELEVISION TALENTS
Tariq Aziz (Television show Host)
104
Naeem Bukhari (TV Personality)
105
Azhar Lodhi
106
Khalid Hameed
Ishrat Fatima
107
Mustansar Hussain Tarar
108
Munni Baji
109
Dr. Israr spent more than 50 years teaching Quran and
preaching Islam. An Islamic theologian, he is the founder of
the Tanzeem-e-Islami.
MaulanaTariq Jameel
Sabri Brothers
The brothers were famous in South Asia for their Sufi brand
of singing commonly known as Qawwali.
110
Waheed Zafar Qasmi (Naat Khawan)
111
Umm-E-Habiba (Naat Khawan)
SINGERS
Noor Jehan
Noor Jehan was a legendary singer and actress. Her film and
singing career spanned almost seven decades. She was
renowned as one of the greatest and most prolific singers of
her time in South Asia and was given the title of Malika-e-
112
Tarannum. Her patriotic songs are an inspiration for
Pakistani soldiersto this day.
Farida Khanum
Iqbal Bano
Malika Pukhraj
115
She was a highly popular Ghazal and folk singer of Pakistan.
She was generally called as "Malika" meaning "The Queen."
Naheed Akhtar
Mehnaz
116
Reshma
Allan Fakir
Alamgir
117
He is the pioneer of pop singing in Pakistan. Alamgir made a
dash on the Pakistani music scene. He sang for the Pakistani
television in the very beginning of his career but later as the
time passed he started singing for the Pakistani music
industry. He was awarded pride of performance by the
President of Pakistan due to his amazing performances in
Pakistan throughout 80's and 90's.
118
Nayyara Noor
Nazia Hassan
She was an iconic Pakistani pop singer. She was the first
Pakistani to win a Filmfare Award and remains its youngest
winner in the category of Best Female Playback Singer to
date. She mostly sand duets with her brother, Zohaib Hassan.
Nazia Hassan fought a long battle with cancer during the last
years of her life and died of lung cancer in London on 13
August 2000 at the age of 36.
119
Shehzad Roy
Abrar ul Haq
120
Abida Parveen
Tina Sani
Rahim Shah
122
Sohail Rana (Music Composer)
123
Dr. Adeeb Rizvi (Urologist/ Philanthropist)
ADVENTURERS
She is the first Pakistani to have reached the North and South
Poles. She may also become the first Pakistani to travel into
space after she was shortlisted among 100 space tourists by
the world's first commercial space liner Virgin Galactic in
2007 out of 44,000 candidates.
124
Samina Baig (First female Mountaineer)
125
Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy (Documentary Film Maker)
Majeed Nizami
126
Agha Hasan Abedi
127
Hakim Said (Philanthropist)
128
Dr. Atta Ur Rehman (Scientist)
EDUCATION
129
Ali Moeen Nawazish is a Pakistani student notable for
passing 23 A-levels, a world record. He got 21 As, a B, and
a C.
At a very young age she proved to the world that age doesnt
matter by becoming the Worlds Youngest
Microsoft Certified Specialist till 2008. She was also invited
by Bill Gates in USA. She recently expired in her home town
after a brief illness.
131
MODELS
Aaminah Haq
Vaneeza Ahmed
132
Nadia Hussain
133
PART II
POLITICS
Pakistan maintains good relations with all the Arab and most
other Muslim countries. After Sino-Indian War in 1962,
Pakistan's closest strategic, military and economically has
been China.
The Kashmir conflict remains a major nuclear flash point
between India and Pakistan. Pakistan has enjoyed the support
of the Muslim countries on the issue. Pakistan also has
troubled relationship with Afghanistan, which initially
opposed her admission in the United Nations and does not
recognize the Durand line.
Pakistan has had mixed relations with the United States. As
an anti-Soviet power in the 1950s and during the 1980s
Soviet-Afghan War, Pakistan was one of the U.S's closest
allies. The U.S war on terrorism initially led to an
improvement in ties between the two countries; however, the
relationship was strained by a divergence of interests and
resulting mistrust in the war in Afghanistan and on terrorism
related issues.
136
PROBLEMS
Pakistan came into existence after the partition of India in
1947 and since then it has not been able to transform itself
into a progressive State as it would have been expected after
64 years of independence, despite being rich in natural and
human resources. There are major underlying causes of such
a disappointing situation for the country which include
political instability, prevailing feudal system, religious
intolerance and extremism, low education level, high birth
rate, lack of industrial development, corruption, border
disputes and wars with India and the menace of terrorism.
EDUCATION
CORRUPTION
Despite being an Islamic Republic, Pakistan is ranked
high in the list of corruption infested societies.
138
According to the most recent perception report from
Transparency International Pakistan published at the end of
2011, corruption in Land Administration leads the long list
of corrupt affairs followed by police, income tax, judiciary,
tendering and contracting, customs, plus state corporations
and the least corrupt sector is perceived to be the military.
Corruption is now seriously impeding Pakistans growth
and it is vital to understand its root cause. There is no
attention paid or effort put by the government to lessen or
eradicate corruption in the country as the politicians
themselves are corrupt and are only willing to fill their
pockets rather than to solve various problems Pakistan faces.
Halfhearted efforts by the government to control corruption
are more commonly directed towards political victimization.
A common form of corruption in Pakistan is to take huge
bank loans and then get them waived off.
PAKISTAN-INDIA RELATIONS
140
The easiest way to gauge a countrys development and
economic growth is to view its industrial progress. Without
industrialization a country will continue to remain
underdeveloped. In recent years, progress of countries like
China, South Korea, Taiwan and other East and South-East
Asian countries, which have been called the Newly
Industrialized Countries (NICs), only endorses that view. For
Pakistan, the story has been quite different. The extraordinary
growth in industry in the 1950s and 1960s suggested that
Pakistan might be one of the very few countries at that time
which would join the developed world. However, much of
the growth that had taken place in the first two decades soon
unraveled, with growing income and regional inequalities,
resulting in the separation of East Pakistan. The new Pakistan
after 1971 was different in many respects. The industrial and
economic policies followed between 1972 and 1977
especially the nationalization of the industries dealt a death
blow and the country has not been able to recover from it.
Just as much as there was a change in economic policy in the
early 1970s, in the 1980s too there was another shift, in many
ways similar to that of the earlier period, but also influenced
by the new world order of globalization, privatization,
openness and neo-liberal economic policy. The Structural
Adjustment program sponsored by the IMF and the World
Bank now determines much of what happens regarding
industrial policy in Pakistan.
Despite all the problems Pakistan faces today, hope has never
failed. Lets take a look.
148
SURVIVING THE DISASTERS
149
Event Disaster Loc Date Affectee Toll
24-Aug-
Flood 1,186,131
1996
3-Mar-
Flood 1,000
1998
Mar-
Drought 2,200,000
2000
8-Oct-
Earthquake Muzaffarabad 2.5 million 78,000
2005
Jul/Aug-
Flood 20,000,000
2010
As our Quaid has advised us:
You have to stand guard over the development and
maintenance of democracy, social justice and the equality of
manhood in your own native soil. With faith, discipline
and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that
you cannot achieve.
152
However, despite this Pakistan has produced some of the
worlds finest engineers, doctors, scientists, business
professionals, sportspersons and students.
Pakistan is not a Nation of Quitters!!
With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is
nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
153
of Baluchistan can be utilized for solar electricity generation.
154
FACTS ABOUT RESOURCES OF PAKISTAN:
Resources Place of Notes
Production
Oil and Gas Tal, Kohat Tal block has
Reserves estimated gas
reserves (25.6
trillion cubic feet)
Estimated life of
117 years
11 mmcf daily
Mufti Mumtaz
Mumtaz Mufti was a writer from Pakistan. He disliked the
partition plan but later became a patriotic Pakistani and
defender of Islam and its principles. His main transformation
from a liberal to a hardline sufi came about after he came
under the influence of Qudrat Ullah Shahab. All the same, he
did manage to retain his individual accent
and wrote on subjects which were frowned upon by the
conservative elements in society. In his book Alakh Nagri
he predicts about the glorious future of Pakistan.
Bari Imam
Hazrat Bari Imam RA (1617 to 1705), whose real name is
Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi, was born in 1026 Hijra (1617
AD).His father, Syed Mehmood Shah, lived in Jhelum
District but later shifted to Baghan village, presently near
Islamabad. Bari Imam left his father at 12 and came to Nurpur
Shahan. From Nurpur Shahan, Bari Imam went to Ghaur
Ghashti (now known as Attock) where he stayed for two
years for learning fiqh, hadith, logic, mathematics, medicine
and other disciplines. He predicted that the capital city of a
great Islamic nation (Islamabad) would be near his abode.
CONCLUSION
161
162
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
http://blogs.humnetwork.com/is-todays-pakistan-
truly-the-land-of-the-pure/
163