a)Electricity is not free, for production, cost is

incurred in the form of

Fuel cost
or
Employee cost
Capital cost

b)The production cost have to be born by
consumer

c)Producer is one and consumers are many

d)Cost cannot be equally divided among the
consumers
Recovery of Cost
1) By equally dividing among the
consumer
a)All consumers does not consume
equal energy
b)Why pay for the energy used by
other
2) By dividing the cost by installed
consumption capacity of consumer
a)Under recover for producer
b)Consumer have to pay even for the
energy not used by them
Direct Metering
Indirect Metering
Direct Metering
Voltage and
Current are
directly
applied to the
Meter
P
N
Phase Side Load Side
Indirect Metering
Energy
Meter
P
N CT
PT
Supply Side
Load Side
CT is provided for
measurement of Current

PT is Installed for
measurement of Voltage

Accuracy Class of Meters
Class 2
Used where energy consumption is very low
Class 1
Used where energy consumption is medium
Class 0.5
Where bulk energy is consumed or
generated
Class 0.2
Same as class 0.5 however where more
accounting of energy is required
Selection of Direct Current Meter
Direct meters have different
current ranges i.e. 2Amp,
5Amp, 20 Amp or so

Meters are selected so that
minimum load of customer
should be more than 20% of
the full current
Indirect Metering
Standard current for meters are 1
or 5 amps
Some manufacturer provide both
options
Generally meters have PT inputs
of 110V for 3 ph 3wire and 63
volts for 3ph 4 wire
As per requirement of customer
special range CT and PT can be
produced
CT
Energy
Meter
PT
Factors Effect Metering
Accuracy Class
Meter
Current Transformer ( CT)
Potential Transformer
Location of Meter
Size of Conductor for
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
For example

Meter acc class : 0.5
CT acc class : 0.5
PT Acc class : 0.5

Then over all accuracy of
measurement will be 1.5%
Location of Meter at site
If possible install meter
near to CT and PT
secondary.
Use of large cross
section of pilot wires
Removal of all burdens
from CT and PT
secondary
Separate core for
commercial metering


.. And so have the meters
Energy Meters
Energy Meters Conventionally Measures a
Single Quantity

- KWh

- KVArh

- KVAh
Energy Meters are used for Commercial purpose
( i.e to record consumption of Energy by
consumer and correspondingly billing to consumer)
The viability of Power Utility depends
upon

1. Accuracy & Efficiency in collecting
meter reading and issue of Bills there
after.

2.Collection Efficiency.


























This was the Energy Meters in good old days way
back to 1909
Life cycle
Todays Energy
Meters are Data
Loggers
They Churn out a lot of
data
They give much more than Energy Reading
Meters Yesterday Meters today
Single Parameter(KWH)

Single Reading

Manual Reading
- Error prone

Manual Computation


Multiple Parameters

Multiple Readings
( load survey)

Electronic Reading
- less Error prone

Computer aided
computations
Error Prone Less errors
Advantage of Electronic Meters
More Accurate than Electromechanical meters
They are data loggers & log
time Stamped Data
They are read Electronically &
human Errors is Eliminated
Remote Reading is Possible
(Direct, PSTN, GSM, GPRS)
They Can detect & log
illogical Events ( Tamper)
Appropriate for
Consumer End meters
only
Manual Reading
This only Extract Data from
Meter.
Today ,with modern
Electronic Meter
Read Electronically, not
from Display
Complicated Tariff
Yesterday with
Electromechanical Meters
Consumption determined
from computer , far away
from meter
Software (BSC) needed for
Data Extraction
Metering System Software
Meters has a large amount
of data, not practical to
read using display , better
to read Electronically
Software supplied by meter
manufacturers is not
sufficient for deriving
information from the data
Third party application
software or services are
now needed
We will deal with Meter Reading and system
software for meter reading/ Data extraction.
Inductively
Coupled PPU
Optical Port
Terminal
Block
Extended Terminal
Block Transparent
Button for Display
Scrolling/scroll
lock
Front Side sealing
arrangement
Button for
reverse Scrolling
Rating Plate
LCD Display
Calibration LED
Display & logged Parameters
Display Mode

Auto Display (for quick reference)

Push Button Display
(for detailed information)
Scrolls Automatically
Display can be accessed by
Meter Reader
To see History Data and
Tamper Information
Useful to identify meters that
requires close investigation
Display Parameters
Information Shown on the Display of Electronic Meter
Self Diagnostics
LED Segment Check
Battery & NVM Health
RTC Date & Time
Meter Serial no.
Date/Time in RTC
V, I, PF,kW, kVAr etc.
Power On/Off hours
Rising demand with
elapsed time
Instantaneous
Parameters
Basic Information
Missing Potential
Current Reverse
Short/Open Circuit
Load Imbalance
Cum Count of Events
Billing Information
Cumulative Registers
TOU wise MDs
6 or 12 history data
Tamper Information
Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as
Logged Parameters

Billing Information
Load Survey
Events or tampers
Transactions
Instantaneous Parameters
There are electrical parameter as seen
By the meter at the time of reading or
can read locally Using MRI
Can cover Voltage, Current, PF, kW,
kVAr, kVA etc
They are interpreted & displayed in
the BSC
Capacity to log Parameters is a key Feature of Electronic Meters
Logged Parameters Can be Categorized as
Instantaneous Parameters
Load survey
Events or Tampers
Transactions
These are based on Tariff type
Programmed to meter
These are packets of information
on billing parameters like energy,
MD etc. for each billing cycle
They are also interpreted & displayed
in the BCS
Billing Information
Logged Parameters


Instantaneous parameters
Billing information
Load survey
Events or tampers
Transactions
-They are periodic interval-wise
information, intervals known as
SIP

-SIP is typically hour for
consumer meters & hour for
boundary meters

-Generally average values of kWh,
kVArh, kVAh, frequency, PF,
Voltages, Currents, Power Down Time
etc.
Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as
Logged Parameters
Events or Tampers
Transactions
Are simply illogical electrical events as
seen by meter

-The correct way is to refer to them
as events and not tampers

-No meter can be called tamper proof
meter

-Modern meters have 3 types of tamper
related features
-Tamper proof features
-Tamper deterrent features
-Tamper Evident features
Instantaneous Parameters
Billing Information
Load Survey
Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as
Logged Parameters

Instantaneous Parameters
Billing Information
Load Survey
Events or Tampers
Transactions
They are interchange of information
between meter & MRI

They include change of tariff programme
in meter, definition of kVArh & kVAh,
resetting MD,changing date/time etc.

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as
Logged Parameters
Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)
What Is MRI ?

Hand Held Unit (HHU) for Meter Reading.
Small, compact DOS or Windows Computer

Capable to Communicate with :

Static Energy Meters /Computer
Uses of MRI

- Data Collection from Meter

-Can read different make meters with
Common MRI (CMRI)

- Instantaneous Parameters checked by
install check S/w
Features Of MRI

Battery Operated Instrument.

Comprises of :
-A Keypad.
-LCD Display.
- Communication Ports.
- Charger Connector.

Pre loaded Software.
CMRI Analogic
LCD Screen
Power/Resume
switch & status
LED
45 key
Membrane
keypad
- 4,6 MB for data storage

-2 MB for program storage

- 16 line display ( 16 *24 )

- 100% PC Compatibility
in a Rugged Hand Held

- Runs MS-DOS and
Virtually any PC Program

-PC communications
Software at up to 115K
bps

-Optional second RJ-11
Port through built-in
Common Optical cord
Menu Visible on MRI Screen
1 SEMS 2 SEMS-CHK
3 L&T 4 PHASOR
5 DUKE
a) Press 1 to read Secure Meters
b) Press 3 to read L&T Meters
c) Press 4 to read phasor of meter
d) Press 5 to read Duke meter
Pressing Option-1
for Secure Meter

0. Quit
1. Read Meter Data
2. Dump Data
3. Read Energy
4. Calibration
5. Terminal
6. Space
7. Identification No
8. Load survey Days
For L&T Meter press 3
(D) COLLECT DATA
(C) CURRENT BILLING
(B) PREVIOUS BILLING
(T) TAMPER DATA
(i) INSTANTANEOUS DATA
(S) COLLECT SETTING
(L) LOAD SURVEY
(M) MD RESET
(a)TAMPER RESET
(P) PROGRAMMING MODE
(U) PC COMMUNICATION
(H) HHT DOWNLOAD
(R) ACCURACY TEST
(O) MEMORY STATUS
(X) EXIT
Electronic Meter Reading Methods

-Direct Reading through MRI.

-Reading by Low Power Radio.

-Reading by GSM/GPRS/PSTN.
Meter Data Downloading

After Reading the Meter its Data can be downloaded
in respective BCS ( Base Computer Software).

This data contains all the data like Instantaneous,
Billing, Load Survey, Event & Transaction data.

File name extension of data is .mrd in case of Secure
meters and .VIN in case of L&T meters
Base Computer Software (BCS)



Meter make BCS

1. Secure Smart2k
2. L&T Vincom
3. PRI UK Integrator
4. ABB/Elster Raster
Main Screen
INSTANTANEOUS VALUES
PHASOR DIAGRAM
Depicting Phase Reversal
CT , PT, Meter Specifications
Meter Serial Number Downloaded
Date and time of Reading
TOD Power Factor History
Maximum Demand History
LOAD SURVEY GRAPH
load Imbalance
Working with L&T BCS
Meter specifications
Date and time of meter collection
Phasor of meter downloads
Previous consumption
Max Demand recorded 206.5 Kw
On 1/8/2011 at 00:00 Hrs
What is DLMS/COSEM


DLMS - What is it?

Automatic Meter Reading, or
more general - Demand
Side Management - needs
universal definitions, needs
communication standards.
DLMS/COSEM is the common
language so that the
partners can understand
each other
What is DLMS?

DLMS stands for Distribution Line Message Specification. It is an
application layer specification, independent of the lower layers and
thus of the communication channel, designed to support messaging
to and from (energy) distribution devices in a computer-integrated
environment. It is an international standards established by IEC TC
57 and published as IEC 61334-4-41.

The concept was driven forward later to become Device Language
Message Specification with the objective to provide an interoperable
environment for structured modelling and meter data exchange.
Applications like remote meter reading, remote control and value
added services for metering any kind of energy, like electricity,
water, gas or heat are supported.


DLMS:
Device Language Message specification - a
generalized concept for abstract modeling of
communication entities


COSEM:
COmpanion Specification for Energy
Metering - sets the rules, based on
existing standards, for data exchange
with energy meters

The IEC TC13 WG 14 groups the DLMS specifications under the
common heading: "Electricity metering - Data exchange for
meter reading, tariff and load control". DLMS protocol suite is
not specific to electricity metering.
IEC 62056-21: Direct local data exchange (3d edition of IEC
61107) describes how to use COSEM over a local port (optical
or current loop)
IEC 62056-42: Physical layer services and procedures for
connection-oriented asynchronous data exchange
IEC 62056-46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
IEC 62056-47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks
IEC 62056-53: COSEM Application layer
IEC 62056-61: Object identification system (OBIS)
IEC 62056-62: Interface classes
Thanks