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BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IA SI
Publicat de
Universitatea Tehnic a Gheorghe Asachi" din Ia si
Tomul LV (LIX), Fasc. 2, 2009
Sectia
CONSTRUC TII. ARHITECTUR
A
AN INCURSION ON PUNCHING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
FLAT SLABS
BY
DAN-VASILE BOMPA
1
k(100
l
f
ck
)
1/3
+k
1
cp
min
+k
1
cp
,
where
l
=
lx
ly
0.02 relate to the bonded tension steel in y and z directions;
= 1 for normal concrete (in opposition to lightweight concrete); C
Rd,c
,
min
, k
i
in national annex; b) punching shear resistance with shear reinforcement,
(2)
Rd,cs
= 0.75
R
d,c
+1.5
A
sw
f
ywd, ef
s
r
u
1
sin, k = 1+
200
d
2.0,
where: A
sw
is the area of one perimeter of shear reinforcement around the column;
s
r
the radial spacing of perimeters of shear reinforcement; f
ywd, ef
the effective
design strength of the punching shear reinforcement; the angle betewwn
the shear reinforcement and the plane of the slab; c) maximum punching shear
resistance of cross section,
(3)
Rd,max
= 0.5 f
cd
.
The punching strength in ACI-318 depends on the strength of concrete,
geometry of the column and the length of the control perimeter. The exural
reinforcement is not accounted in the punching capacity formula. The safety
factors, both for reinforcement and concrete is 1.176. Punching capacity of a
at slab without shear reinforcement was provided by Digler and Ghali (1989)
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Bul. Inst. Polit. Ia si, t. LV (LIX), f. 2, 2009 61
(4)
c
= min
0.33
f
c
0.83(2+
4
c
)0.083
f
c
(2+
0
+d
u
resp
u
ext
)
,
where
0
depends on the position of the columns in structure;
c
the height
of the column. Stirrups and stud-rails are both accepted as shear reinforcement
for reinforced concrete at slabs. If stirrup reinforcement is used, the punching
capacity of reinforced at slab is V
c
+V
s
, where
(5) V
c
= 0.167
f
c
ud, V
max
= 0.5
f
c
ud, V
s
= A
sw
f
y
.
For stud-rail reinfocement, the magnitude of 0.5 coefcient, in the maximum
punching capacity, is replaced with 0.67.
Eurocode 2, compared with the ACI-318 and aspects from the German and
Brittish code, seems to be the most "coherent" code in designing the punching
capacity and the ultimate shear strength. When choosing the reinforcement, stud-
rails, in comparison with stirrups are better due to their exibility; the in setting
it up on site. Stirrups might be problematic when a stiff reinforcement framework
is required.
6. Conclusions
New punching models have been developed in the last years due to the
evolution of fracture mechanics and nite element modelling. The difference
between classical theories and the new ones consists in the shear transfer
mechanism and the inuence of tensile strength. Still a nal conclusion about
the real inuence and how much does it weight in nal stages of behaviour is
not stated yet. FEM has proved to be an excelent tool for predicting the failure
mode, the deformations and the behaviour of the atslabcolumn connection.
Similar results with the real experimental ones have been gained using this
method. Several at slab - column conections and their punching behaviour,
in different congurations, have been tested during the last decades. Due to
the progress of fracture mechanics tensile strength inuence can be accounted
in the nonlinear analysis. Since the elements compressive and tensile strength
have been calculated on different elements, differences occured. Even if there
were used sizing factors, the differences on the strengths and geometries of the
element, the responses were different from one element tested to another. It
is compulsory that the next geometries and inuencing factors must be similar
for every element tested. This way the possible worries are avoided. Another
important reasearch direction regarded punching would be high strength concrete
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62 Dan-Vasile Bompa and Traian Onet
and high performance concrete. There is no serious bank of tests regarded this
issue established yet. The utilization of steel bres in reinforced concrete could
be another discussion topic.
Received, May 29, 2009 Techical University of Cluj-Napoca,
Department of Concrete and Steel Structures.
REFERENCES
1.
Concrete Tension and Size Effects, CEB Bulletin, 237 (1977).
2.
Punching of Structural Concrete Slabs, FIB Bulletin, 12 (2001).
3. Theodorakopoulos D.D., Swamy R.N., Ultimate Punching Shear Strength Analysis of
SlabColumn Connections. Cement & Concrete Composites, 24, 509521 (2002).
4. Menetrey P., Synthesis of Punching Failure In Reinforced Concrete. Cement &
Concrete Composites, 24, 497507 (2002).
5. Onet T., Clipii T., Ciucureanu A., Betonul structural. Edit. Societ atii Academice
Matei-Teiu Botez, Ia si, 2006.
6. Cadar I., Clipii T., Tudor A., Beton armat. Ed. a doua, Edit. Orizonturi Universitare,
Timi soara, 2005.
7. Kiss Z., Onet T., Proiectarea strucutrilor de beton dup a SR EN1992-1. Edit. Abel,
Cluj-Napoca, 2008.
8.
European Standard. EN 1992-1-1. 2004.
9.
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. ACI 318.
O INCURSIUNE N STUDIUL STR