Jayson Tolores.

BPP-IV
A. Defnition of terms.
1. Physics- is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its
motion through sace and time! along "ith related concets such as
energy and force
#. $cientifc %ethod- is a &ody of techni'ues for investigating henomena!
ac'uiring ne" (no"ledge! or correcting and integrating revious
(no"ledge.
). %easurement- is the assignment of num&ers to o&*ects or events.
+. $cientifc ,otation- is a "ay of "riting num&ers that are too &ig or too
small to &e conveniently "ritten in decimal form.
-. $cientifc la"- is a statement &ased on reeated e.erimental
o&servations that descri&es some asect of the universe.
/. 0tics- is the &ranch of hysics "hich involves the &ehaviour and
roerties of light! including its interactions "ith matter and the
construction of instruments that use or detect it
1. 2uman eye- is an organ that reacts to light and has several uroses
3. 4uminous &ody-0&*ects emit light. 5.amle6 sun
7. ,on luminous &ody-0&*ects that do not emit light &ut are illuminated &y
light from other sources.
18. Transarent-allo"s light to ass.
11. Translucent- light ass through! &ut o&*ects on the other side can9t &e
seen clearly
1#. 0a'ue-do not allo" light to ass.
1). :ay-narro" &eam light.
1+. :e;ection- is the change in direction of a "ave front at an interface
&et"een t"o di<erent media so that the "ave front returns into the
medium from "hich it originated.
1-. :egular re;ection- Parallel rays stri(e a smooth surface.
1/. Di<used re;ection- occurs "hen an incident ray of light stri(es a
surface and the light is scattered
11. :efraction- is the change in direction of a "ave due to a change in its
transmission medium.
13. $eed of light- The seed of light in vacuum! commonly denoted c! is a
universal hysical constant imortant in many areas of hysics.
17. Visi&le $ectrum- is the ortion of the electromagnetic sectrum that
is visi&le to the human eye
#8. =olor $u&traction- "hen "hite light is assed through a colored flter! a
num&er of colors are removed.
#1. Disersion- is the henomenon in "hich the hase velocity of a "ave
deends on its fre'uency! or e'uivalently "hen the grou velocity
deends on the fre'uency.
##. =ones >one of the seciali?ed! hotosensitive cells in the retina of the
eye concerned "ith the ercetion of color and "ith daylight vision.
#). :ods-the rods are the most numerous of the hotorecetors and are
more sensitive than cones.
#+. Plane %irror- is a mirror "ith a ;at @lanarA re;ective surface
#-. Incident ray- ray from the source
#/. :e;ected ray- ray from the re;ecting surface
#1. ,ormal line-line that is erendicular to the mirror at the oint of
incidents
#3. Virtual ray- re;ected or refracted light aear to diverge! as from an
image seen in a lane mirror
#7. Virtual image- is an image formed "hen the outgoing rays from a oint
on an o&*ect al"ays diverge.
)8. Angle of incident- is an angle made &y a light ray or "ave hitting a
surface and the line erendicular to that surface
)1. Angle of re;ection- is an angle made &y a light ray or "ave hitting a
surface and the line erendicular to that surface
)#. $herical mirror- is a mirror "hich has the shae of a iece cut out of a
sherical surface
)). =onve. mirror-re;ecting surface is the outer one.
)+. =oncave mirror- re;ecting surface is the inner one.
)-. Inde. of re;ection- measurement of the otical density of a material.
)/. Total internal re;ection-light cannot get out of the &oundary &et"een
t"o transarent media.
)1. 4ens- smoothly curved transarent materials usually made of glass or
lastic.
)3. =amera- is an otical instrument that records images that can &e
stored directly! transmitted to another location! or &oth
)7. %yoia- ina&ility of the eye to focus on distant o&*ect.
+8. 2yeroia- ina&ility of the eye to focus on near&y o&*ect.
+1. %agnifying glass- is a conve. lens that is used to roduce a magnifed
image of an o&*ect
+#. %icroscoe- to see small o&*ect that cannot &e seen &y na(ed eye.
+). Telescoe- use to see far a"ay o&*ect that cannot &e seen clearly &y
our na(ed eye.
++. :adiation-energy travelling through sace and sunlight is the most
familiar form of radiation.
+-. B-ray- an electromagnetic "ave of high energy and very short
"avelength! "hich is a&le to ass through many materials oa'ue to
light.
+/. :adioactivity- refers to the articles "hich are emitted from nuclei as a
result of nuclear insta&ility
+1. Alha rays- a tye of ioni?ing radiation e*ected &y the nuclei of some
unsta&le atoms
+3. Beta rays- are su&atomic articles e*ected from the nucleus of some
radioactive atoms
+7. Camma rays- have the smallest "avelengths and the most energy of
any "ave in the electromagnetic sectrum.
-8. 2alf life- is the amount of time re'uired for a 'uantity to fall to half its
value as measured at the &eginning of the time eriod
-1. =osmic radiation- it results from the interaction of cosmic rays "ith the
uer layers of the earths atmoshere
-#. Terrestrial radiation- due to the resence of highly radioactive
su&stances rising to the earthDs surface from the crust.
-). Eission- is a slitting of something into t"o or more arts.
-+. Eusion- is the rocess of com&ining t"o or more distinct entities into a
ne" "hole.
B.
1. 2uman eye6
Parts
a. =ornea- transarent outer mem&rane "hich forms the eye&allDs outer
coating.
&. 4ens- *ellyli(e assem&ly of tiny transarent f&er. Bend light rays that
enter the eyes.
c. Iris-made u of t"o di<erent f&ers! controls the si?e of the uils.
d. Puil- allo"s the light ass into the eyes from the a'ueous humor to
the lens.
e. A'ueous humour- is a transarent! gelatinous ;uid similar to lasma!
&ut containing lo" rotein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary
eithelium! a structure suorting the lens.
f. =iliary muscle- contracts and e.ands to control the curvature of the
lens.
g. :etina- serves as screen "here the image is formed. =ontains millions
of tiny nerve cells called rods and cones that are sensitive to light.
h. 0tic nerve- is the ath"ay that the light rays ta(e from retina to the
rocessing center of the &rain.
i. Eovea centralis- center of the eyeDs sharest vision and the location of
most color ercetion.
*. Vitreous humor- rovides nourishment to the front art of the eye and
maintain the eye ressure.
#.
1. $hutter corresonds to the eyelids oens or closes the aerture
#. Aerture corresonds to the uil
). The iris diahragm changes the si?e of the lens oening li(e the iris
control the si?e of uil
+. Eilm corresonds to the retina is laced &ehind the diahragm inside
the camera! "here images formed.
=. Diamonds sar(le "hen light enters them. Deending on the tye of cut
and the "or(manshi of the cutter a diamond can give o< more or less
sar(le.
D. ,uclear "aste is a ro&lem that is very diFcult to solve &ecause it ta(e
several years &efore it comletely dissolve and some human is very
irresonsi&le "hen using nuclear o"er lants.