Design of Reservoir 175.

20 m
Max Water Lvl = 174.29 m Road 0.6
Ground Lvl = 172.00 m 174.60 174.29 m
Bed Lvl = 169.50 m
Top Lvl = 175.20 m
Road Lvl = 174.60 m
Height of Maximun water Lvl = 4.79 m
Height of the wall Top= 5.70 m
Height Water Level designed = 2.50 m
Height of Earth Lvl from GL = 2.50 m
Width of Tank = 20.00 m
capacity of the Tank = 7000000.00 L 169.50 m
Length of the tank = 140.00 m
provided Length = 141.20 m
Provided capacity (excluding ramp )=141.2x2.5x20x1000 7060000
Volume of Ramp = =53.17x4.5x0.2 = 47.85 m
3
#### m
Columns =(6x0.35x0.35x5 )+
(18x0.35x0.35x2.5) = 9.1875
Total 57.04 m
3
Hence Total capacity of Tank =141.2x2.5x20x1000-57040.5= 7002960 L
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the whole tank is
to be tested against floatation. As the L/B Ratio is greater than 2 the long walls
will be designed as cantilevers. The bottom one meter (H/4) of short walls will
be designed as cantilever while the top portion designed as slab supported by long walls.
Design Constants.
Concrete M20
cbc = 7 N/mm
2
m= 13
Since the face of the wall will be in contact with water for each condition ,
st = 150 N/mm
2
permissibe compressive stress in steel under direct compression is
sc = 175 N/mm
2
k= 0.38
j= 0.87
R = 1.157
Angle of repose = 30
o
Saturated Unit wt of Soil = 21.00 kN/m
3
3 Design of Long walls
a) Tank empty with pressure of saturated soil outside
Pa= Ka'H +
w
H
here,
Ka = 1-sin30
0
/1+sin30
0
= 0.33
' = 21.00 - 9.81 = 11.2 kN/m
3
P
a
= 0.33x11.19x5.7+(9.81x5.7) = 76.97
kN/m
2
The Height of earth Level = 2.5 say 3 m
Max Bm at the base of wall = 76.97x5.7/2x5.7/3 = 416.79 kN-m
req. d= 600.19
Provide Total depth = 750 mm
d= 715.00 mm
Ast= 416.79*10^6/150/.874/715 = 4446.40
using 25 bars spacing = 1000*491/4446.4= 110.43
provide 25 mm bars at 100c/c at outside face
Pressure at the section of 3m from Bottom Lvl = 0.33x11.19x3+(9.81*3)=40.51 kN/m
2
Max Bm at the 3m from
Bottom Lvl = 40.51x3/2x3/3 = 60.765 kN-m
d req = 229.17 mm
provided D= 300.00 mm
d= 265.00 mm
Ast = 60.765*10^6/150/.874/265 = 1749.1 mm2
provide 16 mm @ =201/1749*1000 = 114.9162426
provide 16 mm @100c/c from 3m from Bottom Lvl to top
Distribution steel @0.3% for 100 mm thick and
0.2% for 450
.3-.1(350-100)/(450-100)=
Distribution steel =
Astd = 0.2x750*1000/100 = 1500 mm
2
Area to be provided by each face = 750 mm
2
Spacing of 12 mm bars = 150.67 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm @150 c/c on each face
Direct Compresion in Long wall:
The earth presuureacting on shorewalls will cause compn in long walls. Because
top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls. At h= 1.5 m(>h/4=5.79/4)
Pa= Kay'(H-h)+ Yw(H-h)= .33*11.19(5.79-1.5)+9.8(5.79-1.5) =
57.88 kN/m2
This Direction compression developed on long walls is given by
Plc= Pa.B/2= 52.2x20/2= 522 kN
This will be taken by the disribution steel and wall section.
b) Tank full with water, and no earth fill outside
The Ground level is located at 2.5m above the bed Level.
Hence remaining 5.71-2.5 m is assumed as without earth but with water pressure
P = Yw.H = 9.81x3.21 31.49 kN/m2
M= p.H/2.H/3 = 31.49x3.21/2x3.21/3= 54.1 kN-m
Ast = 54.08 x10^6/150/.874/715 576.9364 mm2
Using 16mm bars spacing = 1000x201/1309.53 153.4902 mm2
provide 16mm bars @150c/c Inner face
However extend these bars into base.
Direct Tension in Long walls
as the wall is very long it is difficult to find Direcvt Tension. However
Since the top portion of short walls act as slab supported on long walls , the water pressure
acting on short walls will cause tension in long walls
PL= P. B/2 where p=9.81x4.2 = 41.2 kN/m2at I.5 M above base.
PL= 41.202x20*.5 412 kN
As reqd = 2746.67 mm2
Design of Short walls
a)Tank Empty, with pressure of saturated soil from outside
1) Top portion: The bottom portion 1.5m (>H/4) acts as cantilever, while the remaining 4.2m acts as slab supported
on Long walls
At h= 1.50 m (>H/4)
Pa= Kay'(H-h)+ Yw(H-h)= =1/3x 11.19x4.2+9.81x4.2= 56.868 kN/m2
Mf(at Supports ) = Pa L
2
/12 = 56.868x4^2/12 75.824 kN-m
M (at Center) =PAL
2
/8-Mf= 37.912 kN-m
=PAL
2
/24
d= 350-(25+16+8)= 301 mm
At supports, Ast = 1921.49 mm2
Using 16 mm bars s= 1000x201/1921 = 104.6063
provide 16mm @100mm c/c at the outer face
at Mid span = 0.5x1921 960.5 mm2
Min Ast = 805 mm2
Hence provide 16 mm @200 c/c
ii)Bottom Portion:
The bottom 1 m wil bend as cantilever.
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom = 76.97 kN/m2
M= (76.97 x1.425x.5)x1/3 18.33 kN-m with Tension outside face
Ast = 77.18x1000/150/.874/305 = 821.13 mm2
Min. steel = 805 mm2
spacing of 16mm bars @ 245 mm
provide 16mm @ 200mm c/c
Hence provide 16 mm bars @ 200mm c/c at outside face, in vertical direction for bottom 1m
height.
the spacing can be doubled for the upper portion.
iii) Direct compression in short walls: though long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that the end one
meter width of long wall contributes to push in short walls, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
P
BC
= Pa x1 = 56.868 kN
This is quite small
b) Tank full with water, and no earthfill outside
i)Top Portion
The Ground level is located at 2.5m above the bed Level.
Hence remaining 5.70-2.5 m is assumed as without earth but with water pressure
p=w(h-h) = =9810*3.2 = 31.392 kN/m2
Mf at support = PB
2
/12 = =31.392x5^2/12 65.4 kN-m
(causing Tension inside)
Mc at support = PB
2
/24 = =31.392x5^2/24 32.7 kN-m
(causing Tension outside)
Direct Tension in short wall, due to water pressure on the end one meter width of long walls is
P
B
= w(H-h)x1 = 31.392 kN
effective depth d for horizontal steel = 715 mm
Distance x = d-T/2 = =715-375= 340 mm
Hence Net BM = M-Pb.x =
Astx1 = 65.4x10^6-31392x340/150/.874/715
583.84 mm2
Astt2 = Pb/sh = 379.12 mm2
Total Ast1+Ast2 = =715+379 = 1094.12 mm
2
using 12 mm bars, s= 103.37 c/c
provide 12mm @100c/c inner face
At the outside face (middle of short walls)
Ast1 = Mc-PB.x/st.j.d =(32.7x10^6 - 31392x340)/150x0.874x715
234.99 mm2
Ast2 = 379.12 mm2
Total = 614.11 mm2
Min. Ast = 805.00 mm2 As found earlier
using 12mm, spacing @ 140.37 mm2
provide 12 mm @ 125c/c
4 Design of Long wall with surcharge of Traffic Load (20kN/m
3
)
a) Tank empty with pressure of saturated soil outside
The Extra height due to surcharge = =w/Y = 0.95
P
a
= Ka'H +
w
H =
here,
Ka = 1-sin30
0
/1+sin30
0
= 0.33
' = 21.00 kN/m3 9.81 = 11.2 kN/m
3
P
a
= 0.33x11.19x5.7+(9.81x (5.7+0.95) = 86.28
kN/m
2
The Height of earth Level = 2.50 say 3 m
Max BM at the base of wall = 86.28x5.7/2x5.7/3 = 467.21 kN-m
d= 635.46
Provide Total depth = 750 mm
d= 715.00 mm
Ast= 467.21*10^6/150/.874/715 = 4984.29
using 25 bars spacing = 1000*491/4984.29= 100 mm
provide 25mm bars at 100c/c at outside face
Distribution steel @0.3% for 100 mm thick and
0.00 for 450
Dostribution steel = .3-.1(350-100)/(450-100)= 0.23
Astd = 0.23x350*1000/100 = 805 mm
2
Area to be provided by each face = 403 mm
2
Spacing of 10 mm bars = 194.79 mm c/c
Provide 20 mm @175c/c on each face
5 Deign of Bottom slab
Assume thickness of Raft as 1000.00 mm
The uplift pressure on bottom slab is given by
Pu = wH1 =
=9.81(2.5+.5) = 29.43 kN/m2
Check for floatation:
The whole tank must be checked against floatation when the tank is empty.
Total upward floatation force = Pu = =PuxBxL =
29.43x 20x142 = 83581.2 kN
The downward force consists of weight of the tank.
Weight of the walls = =(.3+.75)*(142+142+20+20)*5.79 1969.758 kN
Wt of the base slab = =1x20x142x25 = 71000 kN
Total weight of the tank = 72969.758 kN
The difference = 10611.442 kN
Hence the weight of the tank is less than floatation force.
Increasing the base slab projections 1 m alround we get =
= ((.75*142)+(.75*20))*1*25 = 3037.5 kN
Increasing base depth from 1m to 1.2m = 85200
Weight of the walls = =(.3+.75)*(142+142+20+20)*5.79 1969.758 kN
Wt of the base slab = =1x20x142x25 = 85200 kN
Total weight of the tank = 90207.258 kN
The difference = 6626.058 kN
Hence the weight of the tank is more than the floatation force. at I.5 M above base.
Hence the tank is safe in buoyancy
The Total weight of the tank = 90207.258 kN
Wt of the water = =4.79*20*142*9.81 = 133451.316
Total weight is = 223658.574
The area of the tank = 20x 142 = 2840 m2
The net upward pressure = 78.75 kN/m2
SBC of the soil = 95 kN/m2
Hence base slab is safe in bearing
Base slab is designed as Oneway slab
Consider One meter length of the slab
upward pressure is = 29.43 kN/m2
Wt of slab = =1x1x1.2x25 = 30 Kn/m2
Net un balanced force = 0
Hence Nominal reinfoircemenmt is required.
provide @ .2% bothways both sides .2x1200x1000/100
2400 mm2
Both sides @ 1200 mm2
provide 16 @ 167.50 c/c
provide 16 @ 150.00 mm c/c both top and bottom
.3-.1(350-100)/(450-100)=
3.21
4.2
at I.5 M above base.
The bottom portion 1.5m (>H/4) acts as cantilever, while the remaining 4.2m acts as slab supported
491
804
at I.5 M above base.
Deisgn of Ramp
Design of Slab
Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is greater than 2 hence the slab is designed as a one way slab.
Effective depth required 125 mm
OneShortEdgeDisContinuous:
Basic dimensions of slab = Lx Ly
4.5 10
Basic Ly/Lx ratio = 2.222 >2
Hence designed as an one way slab
Clear cover to reinforcement d' = 25 mm
Provided overall depth D = 250.00 mm
Effective depth d = 217.00 mm
Diameter of bar f = 16 mm
Select Grade of Concrete fck = 20 N/mm
Select Grade of Steel fy = 415 N/mm
Load calculation :
Dead load of the slab DL = 6.250 kN/m
Floor finish(Roof finish) FF = 1 kN/m
Live load LL = 20 kN/m
Total load TL = 27.250 kN/m
Moment and Area of Steel calculations:
Mu Mu/bd Pt Ast reqd Min Ast Dia of bar SpacingAst pro
kN.m N/mm
2
% mm mm mm mm mm
103.46 2.20 73.24% 1589.32 260.4 16 125 1608.50 safe
Provide 16mm @125 c/c
Distribution steel @ 0.12%
=.12*1000x250/100 300 mm2
spacing of 10 mm 261.6666667 mm
provide 10mm @ 250c/c
Design of Ramp Beams
Edge Beams
Beam = 230x 500
d= 465.00 mm
Load on Beam B1 =wlx/3 = =27.25*4.5/3 40.875 kN/m
40.88 kN/m
Moment = wl
2
/8 = 40.875x4.5x4.5/8 = 103.46 kN-m
Mu = 1.5x103.46= 155.19 kN-m
Mu/bd
2
= 155.19x10^6/1000/217^2 0.71772
Pt = 0.24 %
Ast = =.24*1000*465/100 1112.5 mm
2
provide 4 Nos of 20mm at Bottom
provide 2-16 mm at top
Shear Design
shear to be designed = = wl/2 = 61.3125 kN
shear Stress = 61312.5/230*465 = 0.573281907 N/mm2
percentage at supports = =402/230/465x100 = 0.38
shear stregh of concrete = 0.26
shear to be resisted = 0.12x230x465 = 33.5055 kN
spacing of 8 mm two legged stirrups = =2x50x.87x415x465/34
= 501.077 mm
provide 8mm @ 200c/c
Middle Beams
Beam = 230x 700
d= 665.00 mm
Load on Beam B1 =2xwlx/3 = =2x27.25*4.5/3 81.75 kN/m
81.75 kN/m
Moment = wl
2
/8 = 81.75x4.5x4.5/8 = 206.93 kN-m
Mu = 1.5x206.93= 310.4 kN-m
Mu/bd
2
= 310.4x10^6/1000/217^20.7
Pt = 0.23 %
Ast = =.23*1000*465/100 = 1551.7 mm
2
provide 5 Nos of 20mm at Bottom
provide 2-16 mm at top
provided Ast = 1570.00 mm
2
Shear Design
shear to be designed = = wl/2 = 122.625 kN
shear Stress = 122625/230*465 = 0.8 N/mm2
percentage at supports = =402/230/665x100 = 0.26
shear stregh of concrete = 0.22
shear to be resisted = 62.031 kN
spacing of 8 mm two legged stirrups = =2x50x.87x415x665/62
= 387.062 mm
Provide 8mm @ 200c/c
Design of Ramp columns
Load on Edge Columns = 1.5*.5*2.5*4.5*27.25= 229.9 kN
Load on Middle Columns = 1.5*5*4.5*27.25*.5 459.8 kN
Capacity of 300x300 with 6-12 Bars = =.45*20*(300x300-6*113)+.67x113 = 804 kN > 459.8
Hence provide 300x 300 columns with 6-12mm bars
Design of Walk Way
Span of walkway = 0.9 m
Loads:
Live load = 2 kN/m2
Assume Thickness 0.1 m
Self wt = 2.5 kN/m2
FF = 1
Total = 5.5 kN/m2
factored = 8.25 kN/m2
Moment = wl2/2 = 3.34125 kN-m
Ast = 238.8720912 mm2
Spacing of 8mm = 210.0840336 mm
Provide 8mm @150c/c
Design of Raft for Ramp
1.09 4.2
0.5 5 5 0 0.50
3 0.5
460 460 460
2.25
0
2.25
460 460 460
5.00
RAFT FOOTING-6
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
0.00
1.08 11.00
0.50 0 0.5 0 5 0.50
460 460
4.5
460 460
0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0
0
0.5
Total load on footing( factored load) = 2760 kN
total load on the footing(Unfactored load) = 2024.00 kN
Safe Bearing capacity of soil = 95.00 kN/m
2
area of footing = 21.31 m
2
provided size of footing = 5.00 x ### m
provided area of footing = 55.00 m
2
area C.G
Ixx = 114.5833 m
4
Iyy = 554.5833 m
4
Y bar = 2.5 m
X bar = 5.5 m
loading cg
x bar = 5.5 m
y bar = 1.833333 m
ex = eccentricity along xx axis = 0.00 m
ey = eccentricity along yy axis = 0.67 m
Mx = Moment about xx axis Mx = P*ey = 1226.7 kN-m
My = Moment about yy axis My = P*ex = 0 kN-m
upward soil pressure
sigma = 60.21818182 6.690909091
60.21818182 < 95.00 kN/m
2
safe
cantilever bending moment M = w l
2
/2 = 7.5 kN-m
simply supported Bending Moment, M = wl
2
/8 = 228 kN-m
Maximum Bending Moment, Mu = 228 kN-m
Depth of footing from Bending Moment consideration
Charectaristic strength of concrete.f
ck
= 20 N/mm
2
Yeild strength steel.f
y
= 415 N/mm
2
Effective depth of beam, d=sqrt(Mu/0.138*fck*b) = 351.78 mm
Assumed overall depth, D = 665.86 mm
d/2+1100
Depth of footing from shear consideration
Charectaristic strength of concrete.f
ck
= 20 N/mm
2
Shear strength of concret, tc = 1.12 N/mm
2
d+200
At edge(Node No.2131)
Perimeter, bo = (d/2+1100)+(d+200)+(d/2+1100)
= 2d+2400 m
Nominal shear stress,tv = V/bo*d
1391*10^3/((2d+2400))*d = 1.25
d = 357 mm
Adopt effective depth of footing is = 1140 mm
Provide overall depth 1200 mm
Area of steel required = 559.179 mm
2
Min. area steel = 0.12%bd = 1008 mm
2
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Area of one bar = 201.0624 mm
2
Required spacing of steel = 359.6 mm
Provide spacing of steel = 150 mm
Provide 16mm @150 mm c/c spacing