www.sakshieducation.

com
www.sakshieducation.com
ii. Common roots and Signs of the Quadratic Expressions
EXERCISE ii
Very Short Answer Questions
1. If the quadratic equations
2
2 0 ax bx c + + = and
2
2 0 ax cx b + + = ( ) b c have a
common root then show that a + 4b + 4c = 0
Sol: Let be the common root of
2
2 0 ax bx c + + = and
2
2 0 ax cx b + + =

2
2 0 a b c + + =

2
2 0 a c b + + =
Subtracting 2 ( ) 0 b c c b + =
2 ( ) ( ) b c b c =

1
2
=
Sub
1
2
= in
2
2 0 a b c + + =

1 1
2 0
4 2
a b c

+ + =



a + 4b + 4c = 0
2. If
2
6 5 0 x x + = and
2
12 0 x x p + = have a common root then find p
Sol: Let be the common root of
2
6 5 0 x x + = and
2
12 0 x x p + =

2
6 5 0 (1) + =

2
12 0 (2) p + =
From (1) ( 1) ( 5) 0 =
1 = pr 5 =
Substituting 1 = in (2) we have
1 12 0 11 p p + = =
Substituting 5 = in (2) we have
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

2
5 (2)(5) 0 11 p p + = =
3. If
2
6 5 0 x x + = and
2
3 35 0 x ax + = have a common root then find a
Sol: Let be the common root of
2
6 5 0 x x + + = and
2
3 35 0 x ax + =

2
6 5 0 (1) + =

2
3 35 0 (2) a + =
From (1) we have
( 1)( 5) 0 =
1 = or 5 =
If 1 = then

2
1 3 (1) 35 0 12 a a + = =
If 5 = then

2
5 3 (5) 35 0 4 a a + = =
4. If equations
2
0 x ax b + + = and
2
0 x cx d + + = have a common root and the first
equation has equal roots then prove that 2(b + d) = ac
Sol: Let be the common root of
2
0 x ax b + + = and
2
0 x cx d + + = since
2
0 x ax b + + =
has equal roots
, be the roots of
2
0 x ax b + + =

2
a
a + = =

2
b b = =
is also a root of
2
0 x cx d + + =

2
0 c d + + =
0
2
a
b c d

+ + =




2
ac
b d + =
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2 ( b +d ) = ac
5. Discuss the signs of the following quadratic expressions when x is real
i)
2
5 4 x x +
here
2 2
4 ( 5) 4(1) (4) b ac =
= a > 0
Roots are real
Coefficient of
2
1 0 x = >
Roots of
2
5 4 0 x x + =
Are 1, 4
By theorem 2
If x < < then
2
ax bx c + + and a have opposite sign here 1 = , 4 =
Coefficient of
2
0 x >

2
1 4 5 4 0 x x x < < + <
If x = 1 or x = 4 then
2
5 4 0 x x + =
x < or x < then x < and a have same sign
1 x < or 4 x < then

2
5 4 0 x x + >
ii)
2
3 x x +
Here
2 2
4 ( 1) 4(1) (3) b ac =
= 1 12 = - 11 < 0
There fore roots of the equation are imaginary coefficient of
2
x is 1 > 0
Hence x R
2
ax bx c + + and a have same sign
2
3 0 x x x R + >
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
6. For what values of x the following expressions are positive
i)
2
5 6 x x + ii)
2
3 4 4 x x + iii)
2
4 5 2 x x + iv)
2
5 14 x x +
Sol:
2
5 6 0 x x + = Have real roots 2 and 3
When x < 2 or x > 3
2
5 6 0 x x + >

2
5 6 0 x x + > is possible when ( , 2) (3, ) x
ii)
2
3 4 4 x x + +

2
4 16 (3)(4) 32 0 b ac = = = <
Roots of
2
3 4 4 0 x x + + = are imaginary
Hence
2
3 4 4 0 x x + + > x R because coefficient of
2
3 0 x = >
iii)
2
4 5 2 x x +

2 2
4 (4) 4( 5) (2) b ac = =
= 16 + 40 =56
Roots of
2
4 5 2 0 x x + =

2
5 4 2 0 x x =

4 16 4(5)( 2)
10
x

=

4 56
10
x

=
If
4 56 4 56
10 10
x
+
<
Then
2
4 5 2 0 x x + >

2
x ax bx c < < + + and a have opposite sign
iv)
2
5 14 x x +
Here
2
4 b ac =
= 25 4(1) (14) = -31 < 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Roots of
2
5 14 0 x x = + =
Are imaginary

2
5 14 0 x x x R + >
7. For what values of x the following expressions are negative
i)
2
7 10 x x + ii)
2
15 4 3 x x + + iii)
2
2 5 3 x x + iv)
2
5 6 x x
i)
2
7 10 x x +
Here
2
4 49 40 9 b ac = = =
Roots are real coefficient of
2
1 0 x = >
Roots of the equation
2
7 10 0 x x + = are 2, 5
If x < < then
2
ax bx c + + and a have opposite sign

2
2 5 7 10 0 x x x < < + <
ii)
2
15 4 3 x x +
a = -3, b = 4, c = 15

2
4 16 4( 3)(15) b ac = = =
= 196 > 0
Roots are real roots of
2
15 4 3 0 x x + =

2
3 4 15 0 x x =

2
3 9 5 15 0 x x x + =
x = -5/3, x = 3
Coefficient of
2
3 0 x = <

2
15 4 3 0 x x + < When

5
3
x < and x > 3
x < or
2
x ax bx c > + + and a have same sign
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
iii)
2
2 5 3 x x +
a = 2, b = 5, c = - 3
2
4 25 24 49 b ac = = + =
Roots are real
2 2
2 5 3 0 2 6 3 0 x x x x x + = + =
(2x-1)(x + 3) = 0
Roots of
2
2 5 3 0 x x + =
Are
1
3,
2

Coefficient of
2
2 0 x = >
2
2 5 3 0 x x + < When
1
3
2
x < <
2
x ax bx c < < + + and a have opposite sign
iv)
2
5 6 x x
a = 1, b = - 5, c = -6
2
4 25 24 49 b ac = = + =
Roots are real
2
5 6 0 ( 6)( 1) 0 x x x x = + =
x = 6; x = -1
Coefficient of
2
1 x =
2
5 6 0 6 1 x x x < < <
2
x ax bx c < < + + and a have opposite sign


www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
8. Find the changes in sign of the following expressions and find their extreme values
i)
2
5 6 x x +
Here a = 1, b = - 5, c = 6

2
4 25 24 1 b ac = = =
Hence roots are real

2
5 6 0 2, 3 x x x + = =

2
2 3 5 6 0 x x x < < + <

2
2 3 5 6 0 x or x x x = = + =

2
2 3 5 6 0 x or x x x < > + >
Here a = 1 > 0

2
5 6 x x + has absolute minimum value
absolute minimum value
2
4 24 25 1
4 4 4
ac b
a

= = =
ii)
2
15 4 3 x x +
a = -3, b =4, c = 15

2
4 16 4( 3)(15) b ac = =
= 196 > 0
Roots are real roots of
2
15 4 3 0 x x + = are
5
3
and 3
{Refer to prob (ii) of 7}

2
5
3 15 4 3 0
3
x x x < < + >

2
5
3 15 4 3 0
3
x or x x x < > + <

2
5
3 15 4 3 0
3
x or x x x < > + =
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Here a = - 3 < 0
Absolute maximum value

2
4 180 16
4 4 3
ac b
a x

= =

196 49
12 3
= =
9. Find the maximum or minimum values of following expressions as x varies over R
i)
2
7 x x +
Here a = 1, b = -1, c = 7
a > 0 absolute minimum
2
4
4
ac b
a

=

28 1 27
4 4

= =
ii)
2
12 32 x x
a = -1, b = 12, c = -32
a < 0 hence absolute maximum value
2
4 49 1)( 32) 144
4 4
ac b
a

= =

= 4
iii)
2
2 5 3 x x +
Here a = -3, b = 2, c = 5
a < 0 hence maximum value
2
4
4
ac b
a

=

60 4 16
12 3

= = +

iv)
2
ax bx a + + ( , ) a b R
a > 0 minimum value
2 2
4
4
a b
a

=
a < 0 maximum value
2 2
4
4
a b
a

=
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Determine the range of the following expressions
1.
2
2
1
1
x x
x x
+ +
+

Sol: let
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+


2 2
1 x x x y xy y + + = +

2
( 1) ( 1) 1 0 x y x y y + + =
x is real

2
4 0 b ac

2
( 1) 4( 1) ( 1) 0 y y y +

2
3 10 3 0 y y +

2
3 10 3 0 y y +

1
(3 1)( 3) 0 3
3
y y y
ii)
2
2
2 3 6
x
x x
+
+ +

Let
2
2
2 3 6
x
y
x x
+
=
+ +


2
2 2 3 6 x x y xy y + = + +

2
2 (3 1) 6 2 0 x y x y y + + =
Since x is real
2
4 0 b ac

2
(3 1) 4(2 )(6 2) 0 y y y

2 2
(9 6 1) (48 16 ) 0 y y y y +

2
39 10 1 0 y y + +

2
39 10 1 0 y y
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
13 (3 1) 1(3 1) 0 y y y +
(13 1)(3 1) 0 y y +

1 1
13 3
y
iii)
( 1)( 2)
3
x x
x
+
+

Let
( 1)( 2)
3
x x
y
x
+
=
+


2
2 3 x x xy y + = +

2
(1 ) (2 3 ) 0 x x y y + + =
Since x is real

2
4 0 b ac

2
(1 ) 4(2 3 ) 0 y y + +

2
2 1 8 12 0 y y y + + +

2
10 7 0 y y +
( 1)( 9) 0 y y
1 y or 9 y
( , 1] [9, ) y
iv)
2
2
2 6 5
3 2
x x
x x
+
+

Let
2
2
2 6 5
3 2
x x
y
x x
+
=
+


2 2
2 6 5 3 2 x x x y xy y + = +

2
(2 ) 6 3 5 2 0 x y x xy y + + =

2
(2 ) 3 ( 2) 5 2 0 x y x y y + + =
Since x is real
2
4 0 b ac
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

2
9( 2) 4(2 )(5 2 ) 0 y y y

2 2
9 36 36 4{10 9 2 } 0 y y y y + +

2
4 0 ( 2)( 2) 0 y y y +
( , 2] [2, ) y
2. Prove that
1 1 1
3 1 1 (3 1)( 1) x x x x
+
+ + + +
does not lie between 1 and 4 if x is real
Sol: Let
1 1 1
3 1 1 (3 1)( 1)
y
x x x x
+ =
+ + + +


1 3 1 1
(3 1)( 1)
x x
y
x x
+ + +
=
+ +


2
4 1
3 4 1
x
y
x x
+
=
+ +


2
4 1 3 4 x x y xy y + = + +

2
3 4 ( 1) 1 0 x y x y y + + =
Since x is real

2
4 0 b ac

2
{4( 1)} 4(3)( )( 1) 0 y y y

2 2
16 32 16 12 12 0 y y y y + +

2
4 20 16 0 y y +

2
5 4 0 y y +
( 1)( 4) 0 y y
( ,1] [4, ) y
Hence y does not lie between 1 and 4


www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
3. If x is real then prove that
2
5 9
x
x x +
lies between
1
11
and 1
Sol: Let
2
5 9
x
y
x x
=
+


2
5 9 x x y xy y = +

2
(5 1) 9 0 x y y x y + + =
Since x is real

2
4 0 b ac

2
(5 1) 4 (9 ) 0 y y y +

2 2
25 10 1 36 0 y y y + +

2
11 10 1 0 y y + +

2
11 10 1 0 y y

2
11 11 1 0 y y y +
(11 1)( 1) 0 y y +

1
1
11
y
Hence y lies between
1
11
and 1
4. If the expression
2
3 2
x p
x x

+
takes all real values x R then find the bounds of p
Sol: Let
2
3 2
x p
y
x x

=
+


2
3 2 x p x y xy y = +

2
(3 1) 2 0 x y x y y p + + + =
Since x is real

2
4 0 b ac
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

2
(3 1) 4 (2 ) 0 y y y p + +

2
6 4 1 0 y y py + +

2
(6 4 ) 1 0 y y p + +
Since coefficient of
2
y and expression have same sign y R

2
(6 4 ) 4 0 p

2
36 16 48 4 0 p p +

2
16 48 32 0 p p +

2
3 2 0 p p +
( 1)( 2) 0 p p
(1, 2) p
{ for p 1, 2, given expression is not defined}
5. If
2
c ab and the roots of
2 2 2 2
( ) 2( ) ( ) 0 c ab x a bc x b ac + = are equal then show
that
3 3 3
3 a b c abc + + = (or) a = 0
Sol: Given equation is

2 2 2 2
( ) 2( ) ( ) 0 c ab x a bc x b ac + =
Roots are equal

2 2 2 2
4( ) 4( )( ) 0 a bc c ab b ac =

4 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
2 0 a b c a bc b c ac ab a bc + + + =

4 3 3 2
3 0 a ab ac a bc + + =

3 3 3
( 3 ) 0 a a b c abc + + =
0 a = or
3 2 3
3 0 a b c abc + + =



www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
III) QUADRATIC INEQUATIONS
EXERCISE -- 1(c)
1. Solve the in equations by algebraic method
i)
2
15 4 4 0 x x +

2
15 10 6 4 0 x x x +
5 (3 2) 2(3 2) 0 x x x + + <
(3 2)(5 1) 0 x x +
2 / 3 2 / 5 x
ii)
2
2 1 0 x x + <

2
( 1) 0 x <
Square of any real number cannot be negative
Hence x
iii)
2
2 3 2 0 x x

2
2 3 2 0 x x +

2
2 4 2 0 x x x +
2 ( 2) ( 2) 0 x x x + +
( 2)(2 1) 0 x x +

1
2
2
x
iv)
2
4 21 0 x x

2
7 3 21 0 x x x +
( 7) 3( 7) 0 x x x +
( 3)( 7) 0 x x +
3 x or 7 x
( , 3] [7, ) x
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2. Solve the following in equations by graphical method
i)
2
7 6 0 x x + >
let
2
7 6 y x x = +
The values of y for some selected values of x are given below
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
y 66 50 36 24 14 6 0
x 2 3 4 5 6
y -8 -6 -6 -4 0








Hence solution set ( , 1] [6, ) =
ii)
2
4 0 x
Let
2
4 y x =
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -12 -5 0 3 4 3 0 -5 -12






2
7 6 0 y x x = +
1 6 when x or x
5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
2
4 0 y x =
2 2 when x
5 4 3 2 1
1
2 3 4 5
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Hence solution set [ 2, 2] x
iii)
2
15 4 4 0 x x +
let
2
15 4 4 y x x = +

x -3 -2 -1 2
3

0 2
5

1
y 89 48 7 0 -4 0 15










2
15 4 4 0 y x x = +
2 2
3 5
x
Hence
2 2
,
3 5
x





iv)
2
4 21 0 x x

2
4 21 y x x =
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 7
y 0 -9 -16 -21 -24 -25 0

2
5
2
5

www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com









2
4 21 0 y x x =
When 3 x or 7 x
2. Solve the following in equations
3 8 2 x <

8
3 8 0 (1)
3
x x
And 3 8 2 x <
Here 3 8 0 x
But given 3 8 2 x <
No solution
ii)
2
6 5 8 2 x x x + >

2
6 5 0 x x +
And i) 8 2x < 0 or
2 2
6 5 (8 2 ) x x x + > and 8 2 0 x
We have
2
6 5 0 x x +
( 1)( 5) 0 1 5 x x x
And 2 8 0 4 x x > >
7
3
0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Or
2 2
6 5 64 4 32 x x x x + > +

2
0 5 38 69 x x > +

2
5 38 69 0 x x + <
And x < 4

2
5 23 15 69 0 x x x + <
(5 23) 3(5 23) 0 x x x <
( 3)(5 23) 0 x x <

23
3
5
x < <
1 5 x and x > 4
Or
23
3
5
x < < and x < 4
3 5 x <
iii) Solve the in equation
2
2 8 x x + >
When a, b R and 0 a , 0 b then 0 a b a b > >

2
2 8 x x + >

2
2 (8 ) 0 x x + >
2, 2 2 x x > <

2
6 0 x x + >
( , 3) (2, ) x
Solution
(2, 2 2) x



www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
iv) Solve the in equation

2
( 3)(2 ) 4 12 11 x x x x < + +
( 3)(2 ) 0 x x and
2
( 3)(2 ) 4 12 11 x x x x < + +
2 3 x and
2 2
5 6 4 12 11 x x x x < + +
2 3 x and
2
0 5 7 17 x x < + +
2 3 x and
2
5 7 17 0 x x + +

2
5 7 17 x x o + + > x R

2
7 4(5)(17) 0 <
Solution set [2, 3]
v) Solve the in equation

2 2
6 6
2 5 4
x x x x
x x
+ +

+ +


2
6 0 x x + = , 2 5 0 x + , and 4 0 x +
(or)
2
6 0 x x + > and
1 1
2 5 4 x x

+ +


2
6 0 2 x x x + = or x = 3

2
6 0 2 3 x x x + > < <

1 1
2 5 4
2 5 4
x x
x x
+ +
+ +

1 x
{ } 2, 3 [ 2, 1]
[ 2, 1] {3}




www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
vi) Solve the in equation

2
3 10 8 x x x >
Sol:
2
3 10 0 x x
and i) 8 x < 0
or (ii)
2 2
3 10 (8 ) x x x > and (8 ) 0 x
( 5) ( 2) 0 x x +
[ , 2] [5, ] x
8 0 8 x x < >
ii)
2 2
3 10 64 16 x x x x > +

74
13 74
13
x x > >
And 8 0 8 x x

74
,
13
x





( , 8) x

74
(8, ) , ( , 8)
13
| |

`
]
\ )


74 74
(8, ) , ,
13 13
| | | |
=
`
] ]
\ \ )

SOLVE THE FOLLOWING EQUATIONS
1.
2
2
1 1
9 27 8 0 x x
x x

+ + + =



Let
1
x a
x
+ =

2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1
2 2 x a x a
x x
+ + = + =
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

2
2
1 1
9 27 8 0 x x
x x

+ + + =




2
9( 2) 27 8 0 a a + =

2
9 27 10 0 a a =

2
9 3 30 10 0 a a a + =
3 (3 1) 10(3 1) 0 a a a + + =
(3 1)(3 10) 0 a a + =

1
3
a = ,
10
3
a =
Case i): suppose
1
3
a =

2
1 1 1 1
3 3
x
x
x x
+
+ = =

2
3 3 3 3 0 x x x x 2+ = + + =

1 1 4(3)(3)
2 3
x

=

1 35
6
i
x

=
Case ii) :
10
3
a =

2
1 10
3 3 10
3
x x x
x
+ = + =

2
3 10 3 0 x x + =

2
3 9 3 0 x x x + =
3 ( 3) 1( 3) 0 x x x =
(x 3) (3x -1) = 0
3 x = ,
1
3
x =
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2.
3
8 2
3
x x
x x
+
=
+


3
x
a
x
=
+


2
1
8 2 8 2 1 0 a a a
a
= =

2
8 4 2 1 0 a a a + =
(4a +1)(2a 1) = 0

1
4
a = ,
1
2
a =
Case i)
1
4
a =

1
16 3
3 4
x
x x
x
= = +
+


1
15 3
5
x x = = Does not satisfy the equation
Case ii) :
1
2
a =

1
4 4 3
3 2
x
x x x
x
= = = +
+

3 3 1 x x = = is only solution
3.
4 1 4 1 8
4 1 4 1 3
x x
x x
+
= =
+


4 1
4 1
x
a
x

=
+


2
1 8
3 8 3 0
3
a a a
a
= =

2
3 9 3 0 a a a + =
(3a +1)(a -3) = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

1
3
a = , a = 3
Case i)
1
3
a =

4 1 1
36 9 4 1
4 1 3
x
x x
x

= = +
+


10 5
32 10
32 16
x x = = =
Case ii) a = 3

4 1 4 1
3 9
4 1 4 1
x x
x x

= =
+ +

4 1 36 9 32 10 x x x = + =

5
16
x = is only solution

5
16
x = Does not satisfy the equation
3.
2
2
4
3 1 5
3 1
x
x
+ + =
+

Let
2
3 1 x a + =

2
4
5 5 4 0 a a a
a
+ = + =
( 4)( 1) 0 4; 1 a a a a = = =
Case i) a = 4

2 2
3 1 4 3 1 16 x x + = + =

2
5 5 x x = =
Case ii) a = 1

2 2
3 1 1 3 1 1 0 x x x + = + = =
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5.
2
2
1 1
2 3 1 x x
x x

+ + =



This is same model as (1) try your self
6. x (x + 2 ) (x + 3) (x + 5) = 72
X (x +5) (x + 2) (x +3) = 72

2 2
( 5 )( 5 6) 72 x x x x + + + =
Let
2
5 x x a + =

2
( 6) 72 6 72 0 a a a a + = + =
(a +120 (a 6) = 0
a = - 12, a = 6
case i) a = - 12

2 2
5 12 5 12 0 x x x x + = + + =

5 25 48 5 23
2 2
i
x
=
= =
Case ii) a = 6

2 2
5 6 5 6 0 x x x x + = + =

2
6 6 0 x x x + =
( 6)( 1) 0 x x + =
6 x = , x = 1
7. x (x -1) (x + 2) (x 3) = - 8

2 2
( ){ 6} 8 x x x x =
Let
2
x x a =

2
( 6) 8 6 8 0 a a a a = + =
(a 4) (a 2) = 0
a 4 or a = 2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Case i) : a = 4

2 2
4 4 0 x x x x = =

1 1 16 1 17
2 2
x
+
= =
Case ii) a = 2

2 2
2 2 0 x x x x = =

2
2 2 0 x x x + =
X (x 2) + (x 2) = 0
(x + 1)( x 2) = 0
X = 2; x = -1
8. (x 1) (x + 1) (2x +3) (2x 1) = 3
(x 1) (2x + 3) (x +1) 2x 1) = 3

2 2
(2 3 2 3}{2 2 1} 3 x x x x x x + + =

2 2
(2 3)(2 1) 3 x x x x + + =

2
2x x a + =

2
( 3)( 1) 3 4 3 3 a a a a = + =

2
4 0 0, 4 a a a = =
If
2 2
2 2 0 x x a x x + = + =

1
(2 1) 0 0;
2
x x x + = =
If
2 2
2 4 2 4 0 x x x x + = + =

1 1 4(2)( 4) 1 33
4 4
x

= =


www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
9. Find the range of the values of x which satisfy
( 1)( 3)
0
2
x x
x
+

Sol:
( 1)( 3)
0
2
x x
x
+

Case i) ( 1)( 3) 0 x x +
And (x 2) > 0
3 x
Case ii) ( 1)( 3) 0 x x + and x 2 < 0
1 3 x and x < 2
1 2 x <
solution set [ 1, 2) [3, )