Romanesque Architecture 51

GERMAN ROMANESQUE
10
TH
Century 1!
th
century
ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES
1" A#$ %A CHA&E%%E CATHE'RA%
( )ui*t +y em,eror Char*ema-ne as his . roya* tom+ house ."
( &rototy,e o/ simi*ar churches in Germany"
( &*ace o/ coronation o/ the Ho*y Roman Em,erors"
!" THE CHURCH O0 THE A&OST%ES1 CO%OGNE
2" 3ORMS CATHE'RA%
( Ty,ica* German Romanesque church
( Remaine4 the seat o/ )isho,s1 Archi+isho,s 5 e*ectors /or 11500 yrs"

ROMANESQUE TERMS 5 #%%USTRAT#ONS6

1" 'ORMER 3#N'O3 a 7in4o7 ,*ace4 8ertica**y in a s*o,in- roo/ 79 a
roo/ on its o7n"
!" GRO#N the cur8e4 arris /orme4 +y intersectin- 8au*tin- sur/aces"
2" :AU%TS ( cei*in- 4esi-ns

;" HE%M ROO0 a roo/ in 79c ; /aces rests 4ia-ona**y +et" the -a+*es an4
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con8er-e at the roo/"


En-*ish Me4ie8a* Architecture 5!
52

En-*ish Me4ie8a* Architecture 52
ENG%#SH ME'#E:A% ARCH#TECTURE
Starte4 in +et7een Century o/ Romanesque Arch to Gothic Architecture

ARCH#TECTURA% CHARACTER 6
'E:E%O&MENT O0 ENG%#SH ME'#E:A% ARCH#TECTURE &ER#O'S6
1" &RE ROMAN
!" ROMAN
2" ANG%O SA$ON &4" characteri<e4 +y use o/ the tim+er /or 4omestic +*4-"
;" NORMAN or TRANS#T#ON &4" characteri<e4 +y +o*4 an4 massi8e arch"
a" 'istinct ,iers 5 /*at +uttresess"
5" EAR%= ENG%#SH OR %ANCET &4" *ess massi8e1 sim,*e ornament"
a" 'istinct 0eatures6
+" Ta** 5 Narro7 . *ancet o,enin-s ."
c" &ro>ectin- +uttresses1 ,innac*es 5 stee, ,itche4 roo/s"
4" Grou, o/ S*en4er sha/ts at the interior"
?" 'ECORATE' or GEOMETR#CA% 5 CUR:E%#NEAR &'" more ornate 5
e*a+orate4 in 4ecoration"
'istinct 0eatures6
a" Geometrica* 5 0*o7in- tracery sometimes cro7ne4 +y o-ee arch"
+" An en*ar-e4 c*erestory at the e@,ense o/ tri/orium "
A" &ER&EN'#CU%AR &'" .Recti*inear B1.%ate &ointe4B or .%ancastrianB &4"
Use o/ /an 8au*ts an4 /an 5 ,en4ant 8au*ts"
C" TU'OR &'" use4 in 4omestic +*4-s"1 rather than ecc*esiastica* +*4-s"
Simi*ar to ,er,en4icu*ar sty*e characteristic are square hea4e4 mu**ion
7in4o7s ornamenta* /ire ,*aces1 -a+*es 79 ,innac*es1 chimneys 5 /inia*s"
E$AM&%E O0 )U#%'#NGS
CAST%E( Din- 5 QueenEs resi4ence1 . /ortress . in times o/ 7ar"


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En-*ish Me4ie8a* Architecture 5;
CAST%E . Dee, B 1 . Turret B 1 . )att*ement B 1 . 'ra7 +ri4-e B .*oo,ho*es B

54





Gothic Architecture 55
55
Gothic Architecture 5?
GOTH#C ARCH#TECTURE
12
th
to 15
th
CENTUR=
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER :
A" %O0T= AN' AS&#R#NG QUA%#T= Fre/ers to :ertica*G
)" STRUCTURA% HONEST=
C" ECONOM= #N THE USE O0 MATER#A%S
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES :
&ointe4 Arch 0*yin- +uttress
Ri+ 5 ,ane* 8au*tin- Staine4 -*ass
Tracery 7in4o7s S,ires 5 &innac*es
EXAMPLE OF GOTHIC STRUCTURES (ECCLESIASTICAL)
56
A" CATHE'RA% #N ENG%AN'


1"3ESTM#NSTER A))E= one o/ the *ar-est )ene4ictine monasteries" Com,rises an A++ey
church 5 a square c*oister court" #t 7as +ui*t +y se8era* master masons 5 master car,enters"
Master Henry =e8e*8e 1 Hu-h Her*an4 5 Hohn Hames" #t is -eometric in sty*e 79 ,innac*es an4
tracery 7in4o7s"

Those o/ the thirteenth century are sometimes o/ -reat richness"
!"3#NCHESTER CATHE'RA% has -reatest tota* *en-th F5?0 /t"G than any Me4ie8a* CathE*"

%AON CATHE'RA%

=ORD . /*yin- +uttresses RE#MS Cathe4ra*
Gothic Architecture 5A
2" =ORD CATHE'RA% *ar-est in area 5 7i4th in any En-*ish Me4ie8a* Cathe4ra*"
;" SA%#S)UR= CATHE'RA% it +oast o// centra* to7er 79 the *o/tiest s,ire"
5" CANTER)UR= CATHE'RA%
?" %AON CATHE'RA%
A" THE TO3ER O0 %ON'ON +ui*t +y )isho, Gun4u*/ /or 3i**iam 11 concentric cast*e"
C" HAM&TON COURT &A%ACE one o/ the most remarIa+*e 4omestic +*4-" in En-*an4
J" GU#%' HA%%1 %ON'ON most im,t" ha** erecte4 +y the Gui*4s in the mi44*e a-es"
10" 'URNHAM CATHE'RA% the ear*iest -reat cath" 4esi-ne4 initia**y 5 entire*y 7ith
a . ri+ 8au*tin- B system"
)" E$AM&%ES O0 CATHE'RA% )U#%'#NGS #N 0RANCE
1" NOTRE 'AME1 &AR#S one o/ the o*4est 0rench Gothic church" #t 7as +e-un +y
)isho, Maurice 4e Su**y"
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!" CHARTRES CATHE'RA% /amous /or its 1?0 staine4 -*ass 7in4o7s"
2" RHE#MS CATHE'RA% coronation church o/ 0rance1 the 7est /aKa4e is /amous /or its
500 statues
;" AM#ENS CATHE'RA% counter,art o/ Sa*is+ury o/ En-*an41 /amous /or its car8e4
7oo47orI in the choir sta**s" 'esi-ne4 +y Ro+ert 4e %u<arches"

5")EAU:A#S CATHE'RA% consi4ere4 79 the *o/tiest 8au*t in Euro,e at 15A /t" 5 ? inches
?" G%OUCHESTER CATHE'RA% M#%AN CATHE'RA% +y HENR#CH :ON GMUN'EN

Gothic Architecture 5C
FORTIFIED TOWNS:
1" CARACASSONE surroun4e4 +y moat 7ater"
!" A:#GNON has a ,a*ace 79c 7as the hea4quarters o/ the &o,es"
CASTLES:
1" CHATEU GA#%%AR'1 %ES AN'E%S
!" CHATEU 4e &#ERRE0ON'S
2" CHATEU 4e AM)RO#SE
HOTELS DE VILLE Town hall o! M"n#$#%al Hall
1" ARRAS
!" )OURGES
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2" 'REU$
&A%A#S 'E HUST#CE /unction same as the Roman )asi*ica
1" &A%A#S 'E HUST#CE 1 RO:EN
HOS&#TA% a*so Ino7n as . MA#SONS '#EU .1 usua**y to monasteries"
1" HOTE% '#EU1 )EAUNE
HOUSES /irst Ino7n as . cast*e .1 ear*ier ca**e4 . chateu@ .1 *ater ca**e4 . ,ri8ate
house .1 to7nhouse 5 no7 ca**e4 . hote*sB"
C" E$AM&%ES O0 GERMAN CATHE'RA%S
1" CO%OGNE CATHE'RA% *ar-est Gothic church o/ Northern Euro,e co8erin-
A,,ro@imate*y an area o/ J11000 sq" m
!" S" E%#LA)ETH MAR)URGE characteristic e@am,*e o/ a . Ha** Church ."
2" %#M)URG CATHE'RA%
'" E$AM&%E O0 CATHE'RA% #N #TA%=

E" E$AM&%E O0 GOTH#C CATHE'RA% #N S&A#N
1" SE:#%%E CATHE'RA%1 S&A#N *ar-est me4ie8a* cath*" in Euro,e1 !n4 %ar-est cath*" in the 7or*4"
!" SANT#AGO 'E COM&OSTE%A CATHE'RA%1 S&A#N one o/ the most RemarIa+*e me4ie8a* +*4-"
in S,ain1 Great &i*-rima-e center"
2" )ARCE%ONA CATHE'RA%

Gothic Architecture 5J
&ELGIAN ' NETHERLAND GOTHIC CATHEDRAL EXAMPLES
59


Gothic Architecture ?0
60
Gothic Termino*o-ies 6
1" CIM&ORIO the Spanish term for lantern admitting light over a crossing,
central lantern.
!" CROC(ETS in Gothic Arch, an upward oriented ornament, often vegetal in
form, regularly spaced along sloping edges of spires, pinnacles & gables.
2" DON)ON ' (EEP a stronghold of a medieval castle; usually in the form of a
massive tower.
;" GARGO*LE a water spout projecting from the roof gutter of a bldg., often
carved grotesuely.
5" MACHICOLATION an overhanging defensive structure at the top of a
medieval fortification, w! floor openings thru boiling oil, missile, etc. w!c could be
dropped on attac"ers.
?" PORTCULLIS a gate of iron or iron enforced wooden bars made to slide
up & down in vertical grooves in the jambs of a doorway, use for defense in
castle gateways.
A" RETA&LO ' REREDOS a wall or screen usually behind an altar, an
ornamental screen or wall at the bac" of the altar.
C" TRACER* the ornamental intersecting wor" in the upper part of a window,
screen or panel, use decoratively in blan" arches and vaults.
J" FINIAL a formal ornament at the top of a canopy, gable & pinnacle.
#$. %&'(ASS)(%S the crenels or intervals bet. merlons of a battlement"
11" MERLON in an embattled parapet, one of the solid alternates between the
embrasures.
1!" &ARTI+AN a small turret projecting from the angle on top of a tower or
parapet.
12" )ATT%EMENT a parapet w! alternating indentations * embrasures and raised
portions *merlons+ also called ,crenel-.
1;" )A#%E= an open space or a court of a stone built castle.
15" MOTTE a steep mound, feature of ## th & #. th /entury castles.
1?" NA#%HEA' an early %nglish Arch0l. enrichment consisting of small
pyramids repeated as a band.
1A" OR#E% in medieval %nglish Arch. , a bay window, corbelled out from the
wall of an upper story.
1C" 'A(123A4 outer defense wor" of a castle or town, freuently a watch
tower at the gate, an outwor" defending the entrance to a castle.
1J" )A%USTRAR#A in medieval military Arch., the crossed5 shaped opening in
the battlements & elsewhere for the use of the crossbow.
!0" S&#RE the tapering termination of a tower.
!1" STEE&%E a tower crowned by a spire.
!!" E&# the spire shaped termination of a projecting point or angle of a roof.
!2" 0%AM)OU=ANT ST=%E the last phase of 6rench Gothic Arch,
characteri7ed by 6lame li"e & free flowing tracery.
!;" &EE% in 4orthern %ngland & Scotland in the middle ages, a small
emergency defense structure, generally a low fortified tower.
!5" C%O#STERS a secluded place of covered passages around an open s,ace1
connecting the monastic church w! the domestic part of the monastery"
!?" OG=:A%E ( a term used for 6rench Gothic Architecture"
!A" O00SET the part of a wall e8posed hori7ontally, often sloping.
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