BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory

Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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BIOL 3151
Functional Human Anatomy

Laboratory Workbook #1

Fall 2014




Name: ____________________________

Section: ___________________________

Instructor: ___________________________





**Information covered by the laboratory exercises found within this notebook will be
tested on Laboratory Practical #1.









BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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How to be successful in BIOL 3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory

First, your instructors warmly welcome you to the world of pieces parts, otherwise
known as human anatomy. Pleasantries aside, we can tell you from our own experience
as well as comments from past students, you are in for one hellacious ride. On one
hand, you will make new friends, develop new learning skills and coping mechanisms
that will last a lifetime and better prepare you for the future obstacles ahead, while on the
other it will cost you time, effort and lots of hard work. Functional Human Anatomy, the
lecture portion as well as well as the laboratory, is a challenging course. It requires you
to study in ways you have probably not had to before. There are two major elements to
remember; first, anatomy is all about DETAIL which leads to the second, the enormous
VOLUME of information covered in this course. You cannot MEMORIZE it all but must
develop a system to LEARN the material presented to you. There is no doubt this
course will demand much of your time, so plan accordingly. We make these comments
not to discourage you, but to make you realize just how much time this course takes and
to prepare you for the upcoming challenge. It is imperative that you put the time and
effort into this course from Day 1.

REMEMBER, you will have instructors and undergraduate teaching assistants to help
you along this journey. We will do everything that we can within our resources and
abilities to help you learn. Did you get that last sentence? Our job is to help you learn
this material, so do not hesitate to ask. However, you have to do your part too, which
means attending lecture, attending lab, completing assignments and focused
STUDYING. Do not wait until the last moment, like one hour before the exam to get help
or wait for us to ask you how you are doing. WE can be so much more helpful to you if
we are not constrained by time and/or under pressure by an immediate administration of
a laboratory practical. We are not many so you will need to let us know ASAP when you
need help; we are available during and outside the laboratory. In addition, we are open
to suggestions and encourage you to bring to our attention that which might help you to
learn. Ultimately, you must take responsibility for your own learning......we can only do
so much......the rest is up to you. We look forward to personally meeting and speaking
to each of you about human anatomy.

As with all things, there must always be a beginning. In anatomy, students typically start
by learning some of the basics first, i.e. anatomic language, so let us begin.
BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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PRE-LABORATORY EXERCISE An Introduction to Anatomy

PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS MATERIAL IS TO BE COVERED ON YOUR OWN AND
COMPLETED PRIOR TO THE FIRST LABORATORY MEETING. Models and other materials,
such as dissected preserved specimens, discussed within this pre-laboratory exercise will be
available during the first lab session for you to review.

Laboratory topics to be covered in this pre-laboratory exercise will begin our investigation into the
anatomy associated with the human body. We also strongly encourage you to read the Learning
Objectives for each section, any of the available Learning Strategy sections, answer questions found in the
WHAT DID YOU THINK? as well as the WHAT DID YOU LEARN? sections. The CLINICAL VIEW sections
will not be covered.

EXERCISE: Precise Language of Anatomy (1.4, pp 11-19)
This exercise presents some of the most basic yet important anatomical terminology used
to describe the human body. It also introduces you to the basic concepts of gross anatomy.
1. Can you describe what the anatomical position represents and its importance to
anatomists, like yourself?







2. Keep in mind that the human body is a three-dimensional structure, thus, to explore
internal components and structure, it is easier to look at the body in sections, separated
by imaginary divisions called planes. The following terms refer to planes in which the
body can be sectioned for study; refer to FIGURE 1.5, pp 11: Coronal (or frontal);
Transverse (or cross-sectional or horizontal); Midsagittal (or median compared to sagittal).

A helpful YouTube video can be found at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKQGNh _herE
Anatomical Planes, Axes and Directions by The Salmonella Place
(go to YouTube and search Anatomical Planes, Axes and Directions by The Salmonella Place)

3. Students must also be familiar with anatomical terminology for anatomic direction, which
assists us with body direction. These terms are grouped in pairs because they show
directional location of body parts in relation to the whole body. These terms permit us to
pinpoint the exact location of one body structure in relation to another. Anatomic
directional terms can be found in TABLE 1.2, pp 12 in your textbook

To learn the use of the terminology for body orientation and direction, label the
arrows on the following figure with the listed directional terms:

BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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4. Begin to familiarize yourself with the visible body landmarks known collectively as surface
anatomy by reading the material located in your textbook, pp 13-14, titled Regional
Anatomy. This is a collection of common anatomical terms used in the study of forms and
markings of the body surface, especially as they relate to underlying tissues and organs.
When one describes an axial, or appendicular body structure, what does that mean?





Utilizing FIGURE 1.8 on pp 13 and TABLE 1.3, pp 14, be able to identify these body landmarks
on the diagrams provided and the available models in the laboratory, where applicable.

abdominal coxal hallux orbital sacral
antebrachial cranial inguinal palmar scapular
antecubital crural lumbar patellar sterna
auricular deltoid mammary pelvic sural
axillary digital manus pes tarsal
brachial dorsal mental plantar thoracic
buccal femoral nasal pollex tibial
calcaneal fibular occipital popliteal ulnar
carpal frontal olecranal pubic umbilical
cephalic gluteal oral radial vertebral
cervical
A-

B-

C-

D-

E-

F-

G-

H-

I-

J-

Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Dorsal,
Ventral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial, Deep
BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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5. Body cavities represent areas within the axial region of the human body. Utilizing
FIGURE 1.9 on pp 15 identify the cavities denoted in the following diagram.


Which cavities form the dorsal body cavity (posterior aspect) and ventral body cavity?







6. Larger body cavities can be partitioned into smaller, imaginary compartments; such is the
case for the abdominopelvic cavity. This permits one to accurately describe anatomic
location within a large body cavity.

Can you describe how the abdominopelvic regions are defined?









BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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Information concerning the abdominopelvic regions can be found in FIGURE 1.11a,
pp 17 as well as text on pp 16-18. Fill in the following table as an exercise to explore
this anatomic partitioning.

Abdominopelvic
region
Brief description Organs found within





































QUESTION: Are there any other body cavities found in the human body besides the
ones just discussed? (hint: small body cavities)




BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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EXERCISE: Overview of Organ Systems
As we have learnt in other courses, as well as this one, cells are the building block of all
living organisms. A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and function, while
an organ is a structure composed of at least two or more tissue types that performs a specific
function of the body. An organ system represents a group of organs that act together to
perform a particular body function. There are 11 organ systems that comprise the human
body which represent, in part, the structural organization observed in the human body form.

1. List the 11 organ systems found in the human body in the following table. State what
organs comprise each organ system and describe a simple basic function for each.
(FIGURE 1.4, pp 7-10 should be helpful to you in completing this exercise.)

Organ System:







Organ System:

Organ System:

Organ System:







Organ System:

Organ System:

Organ System:







Organ System:

Organ System:

Organ System:







Organ System:











BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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2. To continue learning about organ systems and the organs that comprise them utilize the
following provided diagram of the human torso model and identify the numbered organs.



Students should be able to identify the following listed organs on the human torso model.

Adrenal gland Gallbladder Heart Pancreas Stomach Vena cava
Aortic arch Greater Kidneys Rectum Thyroid gland
superior &
Brain
Bronchi
omentum
(not present in
Large
Intestine
Small
Intestine
Trachea
Ureters
inferior
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Eye
entirety, be able
to describe/depict
location on
model)
Liver
Lungs
Spinal cord
Spleen
Urinary
bladder





BIOL3151 Functional Human Anatomy Laboratory
Human Anatomy Laboratory Workbook, version 1

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3. Place each of the organs listed/identified in question #2 into the correct body cavity or
cavities.
Dorsal body cavity:



Thoracic body cavity:




Abdominopelvic cavity:







4. Now assign each of the organs listed/identified in question #2 to one of the organ
systems listed:

Digestive:


Urinary:


Cardiovascular:

Endocrine:


Reproductive:

Respiratory:


Lymphatic:


Nervous:


Is this a complete listing of organ systems? yes or no