Page 1

Page 2
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
LEXSEE 101 VA. 83
Cited
As of !"# 18, 200$
Tuggle v. Berkeley and Others
[NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL]
SUREME !OURT O" #IRGINIA
101 Va. 83$ 43 S.E. 199$ 1903 Va. LEXIS 6
%anuary &'( &)*+
RIOR ,ISTOR-. %***1& A''ea# f(o) a de*(ee of
t+e Ci(*"it Co"(t of P(i,*e Ed-a(d Co",t. '(o,o",*ed
Se'te)/e( 4, 1900, i, a s"it i, *+a,*e(., -+e(ei, t+e
a''e##ee, E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., a,d ot+e(s -e(e t+e
*o)'#ai,a,ts, a,d t+e a''e##a,t a,d ot+e(s -e(e t+e
defe,da,ts.
/ISOSITION. Affirmed.
!ASE SUMMAR-.
RO!E/URAL OSTURE. A''e##a,t g(a,tee so"g+t
(e3ie- of a de*(ee e,te(ed /. t+e Ci(*"it Co"(t of P(i,*e
Ed-a(d Co",t. 4Vi(gi,ia5, -+i*+ fo",d i, fa3o( of
a''e##ee g(a,to( e,6oi,i,g t+e sa#e of t+e '(o'e(t. at
iss"e.
O#ER#IE0. 7+e g(a,tee, a -ido-, -as goi,g to #ose
t+e #ife estate i, +e( +o)e /e*a"se of ",'aid ta8es. S+e
as2ed +e( so,9i,9#a-, t+e g(a,tee, fo( +e#'. :e ag(eed to
'a. t+e ta8es i, (et"(, fo( a deed, -+i*+ (e*ited t+at t+e
-ido- *o"#d (edee) +e( i,te(est i, t+e #a,d. 7+e g(a,to(
a#so (a, a /oa(di,g+o"se a,d a##o-ed t+e g(a,tee a,d +is
-ife to #i3e t+e(e fo( f(ee. 7+e g(a,tee so#d so)e of t+e
#a,d. :e t+e, -a,ted to se## t+e (est of it, /"t t+e g(a,to(
(esisted *#ai)i,g +e( (ig+t of (ede)'tio,. 7+e g(a,to(
fi#ed s"it a,d o/tai,ed a, i,6",*tio, agai,st t+e sa#e. ;,
a''ea#, t+e *o"(t affi()ed. 7+e *o"(t fo",d t+at t+e deed
*o,tai,ed a )o(tgage (at+e( t+a, a *o,ditio,a# sa#e. If
t+e *o"(t -e(e to fi,d ot+e(-ise, t+e so,9i,9#a- -o"#d
ea(, ,ea(#. 600 'e(*e,t i,te(est o, t+e dea#. 7+e 'a(ties
*a)e to t+e /a(gai,i,g ta/#e o, ",e<"a# footi,gs, so t+e
g(a,to( -as e,tit#ed to +a3e t+e deed *o,st("ed i, +e(
fa3o(. Si,*e t+e )a(2s of a )o(tgage, ,o '(i*e -as set,
t+e g(a,to( (e)ai,ed i, 'ossessio,, a,d t+e(e -as a
'(o)ise o/#igi,g t+e g(a,to( to 'a. t+e )o,e., -e(e
'(ese,t, t+e deed (e'(ese,ted a )o(tgage a,d t+e -ido-
+ad t+e (ig+t to (edee).
OUT!OME. 7+e *o"(t affi()ed t+e de*(ee of t+e
*i(*"it *o"(t.
!ORE TERMS. deed, )o(tgage, ga(de,, #ife estate,
e<"it. of (ede)'tio,, -ido-, *o,ditio,a# sa#e, *o,3e.ed,
i,fa,t, #ife i,te(est, g(a,to(, *o3e,a,t, so,9i,9#a-,
de'ositio,, (e)ai,de(, '(o)ises to 'a., +o"se a,d #ot,
(e*o,3e., a*<"ies*e,*e, s")s of )o,e., esto''ed,
de*eased, '#ai,#., -o)a,, i,6",*tio,, do"/#e, #oa,ed,
(easo,a/#e ti)e, de#i,<"e,t ta8es, de#i,<"e,t
Le12sNe12s3R4 ,eadn5tes
Contracts Law > Debtor & Creditor e!ations
Contracts Law > "or#ation > $#bi%&it' & (ista)e >
*enera! +,er,iew
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > ede#.tion > (ort%a%or0s
i%/t
%:=1& 7+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio, is a, i,se'a(a/#e
i,*ide,t of a )o(tgage, so )"*+ so t+at it *a,,ot /e
defeated, (est(ai,ed, e3aded o( i, a,. ot+e( -a.
i)'ai(ed, e3e, /. ag(ee)e,t of 'a(ties, as #o,g as t+e
)o(tgage *o,ti,"es a se*"(it., t+o"g+ t+e )o(tgagee
)a. /e*o)e a '"(*+ase( of t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio,,
a,d t+"s *o)/i,e t+e #ega# a,d e<"ita/#e estates i, +is
o-, 'e(so,. Co"(ts of e<"it., +o-e3e(, s*("ti,i>e
t(a,sa*tio,s of t+is *+a(a*te( -it+ t+e "t)ost *a(e, a,d
e3e( sta,d (ead. to set t+e) aside, a,d g(a,t (e#ief to t+e
de/to( -+e,e3e( a g(oss i,ade<"a*. of '(i*e o( a,.
Page 3
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
*i(*")sta,*es of o''(essio, o( )ista2e a''ea(.
ea! -ro.ert' Law > -&rc/ase & Sa!e > Contracts o1
Sa!e > *enera! +,er,iew
%:=2& I, t+e *ase of a *o,ditio,a# sa#e, t+e ,o,9
'e(fo()a,*e of t+e *o,ditio, (e,de(s it a/so#"te, /ot+ at
#a- a,d i, e<"it..
E,idence > Doc&#entar' E,idence > -aro! E,idence
E,idence > -roced&ra! Considerations > -re!i#inar'
2&estions > $d#issibi!it' o1 E,idence > *enera!
+,er,iew
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=3& I, o(de( to dete()i,e t+e t("e *o,st("*tio, of s"*+
deed, it is -e## sett#ed t+at 'a(o# e3ide,*e is ad)issi/#e,
a,d t+at a deed a/so#"te o, its fa*e )a. /e /. s"*+
e3ide,*e *o,3e(ted i,to a )o(tgage.
Contracts Law > 3'.es o1 Contracts > Co,enants
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
ea! -ro.ert' Law > -&rc/ase & Sa!e > Contracts o1
Sa!e > *enera! +,er,iew
%:=4& 7+e )a(2s -+e(e/. a )o(tgage is dis*(i)i,ated
f(o) a *o,ditio,a# sa#e a(e t+ese 415 7+at ,o '(i*e o( a,
i,ade<"ate o,e is set o, t+e '(o'e(t.. 425 7+at t+e g(a,to(
(e)ai,s i, 'ossessio,. 435 7+at t+e(e is a *o3e,a,t o(
'(o)ise o/#igi,g t+e g(a,to( to 'a. t+e )o,e..
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=?& It is esse,tia# to a )o(tgage t+at t+e(e s+o"#d /e a
de/t to /e se*"(ed, a,d t+e(e *a, /e ,o de/t -it+o"t a
'(o)ise to 'a., eit+e( e8'(ess o( i)'#ied.
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=6& 0+i#st it is esse,tia# to a )o(tgage t+at t+e(e
s+o"#d /e a de/t to /e se*"(ed, t+e de/t )a. /e
a,te*ede,t to o( *(eated *o,te)'o(a,eo"s#. -it+ t+e
)o(tgage.
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=$& A '(o)ise is i)'#ied if it *a, /e ot+e(-ise s+o-,
to /e a )o(tgage.
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=8& A, a*tio, #ies o, a )o(tgage to (e*o3e( t+e
)o,e. t+e(e/. so"g+t to /e se*"(ed ",#ess it /e
sti'"#ated t+at (e*o"(se s+a## /e to t+e s"/6e*t )o(tgaged
a#o,e.
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
%:=9& 0+e, ,o ti)e is s'e*ified t+e #a- i)'#ies a
(easo,a/#e ti)e.
Ci,i! -roced&re > E4&it' > *enera! +,er,iew
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > De1initions & Inter.retation
ea! -ro.ert' Law > "inancin% > (ort%a%es & +t/er
Sec&rit' Instr&#ents > ede#.tion > (ort%a%or0s
i%/t
%:=10& A (e#ease of t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio, -i## ,ot /e
i,fe((ed f(o) e<"i3o*a# *i(*")sta,*es o( #oose
e8'(essio,s. It )"st a''ea( /. a -(iti,g i)'o(ti,g i,
te()s a t(a,sfe( of t+e )o(tgago(@s i,te(est, o( s"*+ fa*ts
)"st /e s+o-, as -i## esto' +i) afte(-a(ds to asse(t a,.
i,te(est.
,EA/NOTES.
1. Ao(tgage 99 Conditional Sale -- Discrimination.
99 I, *ase of do"/t -+et+e( a deed *o,stit"tes a )o(tgage
o( a *o,ditio,a# sa#e, e<"it. -i## *o,st("e it to /e a
)o(tgage. 7+e )a(2s i,di*ati,g a )o(tgage (at+e( t+a, a
*o,ditio,a# sa#e a(e t+at ,o '(i*e, o( a, i,ade<"ate o,e, is
set o, t+e '(o'e(t.; t+at t+e g(a,to( (e)ai,s i,
'ossessio,; a,d t+at t+e g(a,to( *o3e,a,ts o( '(o)ises to
'a. t+e )o,e.. If ot+e(-ise s+o-, to /e a )o(tgage,
+o-e3e(, t+e '(o)ise of (e'a.)e,t )a. /e i)'#ied.
2. Co,ditio,a# Sa#e 99 Time of Performance --
Reasonable Time -- Near Relatives. 99 0+e(e ,o ti)e is
fi8ed fo( t+e 'e(fo()a,*e of a *o,ditio, -+i*+ -i## a3oid
a *o,ditio,a# sa#e, t+e #a- i)'#ies a (easo,a/#e ti)e, /"t
i, t(a,sa*tio,s /et-ee, ,ea( (e#ati3es, i,ti)ate#.
asso*iated -it+ ea*+ ot+e(, a )"*+ #o,ge( ti)e -i## /e
dee)ed (easo,a/#e t+a, i, dea#i,gs /et-ee, st(a,ge(s.
3. Ao(tgage 99 Case in Judgment -- Equity of %***2&
Redemtion -- Estoel. 99 I, t+e *ase i, 6"dg)e,t a
-ido- -it+ a #a(ge fa)i#. *o,3e.ed +e( #ife estate i, +e(
+o"se a,d #ot, a,d t+e ga(de, #ot ad6oi,i,g, to +e( so,9i,9
#a- i, *o,side(atio, of +is ag(ee)e,t to 'a. de#i,<"e,t
ta8es t+e(eo, a)o",ti,g to B 600, a,d +e *o3e,a,ted
t+at +e -o"#d (e*o,3e. t+e sa)e to +e( -+e,e3e( s+e
(ef",ded t+e a)o",t a,d i,te(est. 7+e so,9i,9#a-
s"/se<"e,t#. /o"g+t t+e s+a(es of a## t+e (e)ai,de()e,
/"t o,e, -+o -as a, i,fa,t. :e t+e, /(o"g+t s"it fo( sa#e
Page 4
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
of ga(de, #ot, a##egi,g t+at it -as ,ot s"s*e'ti/#e of
'a(titio,. C,de( '(o*eedi,gs i, t+is s"it +e a*<"i(ed t+e
s+a(e of t+e i,fa,t i, t+e ga(de, #ot, a,d soo, t+e(eafte(
so#d t+e #ot fo( B 2,000. At t+at ti)e, +e *#ai)ed t+at t+e
t(a,sa*tio, -it+ t+e -ido- -as a *o,ditio,a# sa#e, a,d
t+at t+e sa#e +ad /e*o)e a/so#"te /. (easo, of +e( fai#"(e
to (ef",d. I, t+is *#ai) t+e -ido- f"##. a*<"ies*ed, a,d
)ade ,o *#ai) to a,. 'a(t of t+e '(o*eeds of t+e sa#e of
t+e ga(de, #ot. Do( a-+i#e +is -ife /oa(ded -it+ t+e
-ido- i, #ie" of 'a.i,g (e,t fo( t+e d-e##i,g9+o"se, a,d
s"/se<"e,t#. it -as ag(eed t+at t+e -ido- s+o"#d 'a. t+e
ta8es a,d i,s"(a,*e as *o)'e,satio, fo( t+e "se of t+e
+o"se. 7+e e3ide,*e, %***3& +o-e3e(, s+o-s t+at t+e
-ido- -as -+o##. ig,o(a,t of +e( (ig+ts, o( of o(di,a(.
affai(s of /"si,ess, a,d t+at s+e (e#ied "'o, +e( so,9i,9
#a- to aid +e( a,d +e#' to (e#ie3e +e( of +e( /"(de,. :e(
#ife estate i, t+e -+o#e '(o'e(t. -as -o(t+ se3e(a# ti)es
as )"*+ as t+e ta8es 'aid /. +i), a,d -+e, t+e deed -as
)ade +e stated t+at a## +e -a,ted -as to f(ee t+e '(o'e(t.
f(o) t+e ta8 #ie, a,d '(ese(3e it as a +o)e fo( t+e fa)i#..
0+e, t+e ga(de, #ot -as so#d +e '(o)ised to *o,3e. to
t+e -ido- +e( #ife estate i, t+e +o"se, a,d to t-o of t+e
da"g+te(s t+ei( i,te(est t+e(ei,.
!eld" 7+e t(a,sa*tio, -as a )o(tgage, a,d, ",de( a##
t+e *i(*")sta,*es of t+e *ase, t+e -ido- is ,ot esto''ed
eit+e( /. +e( #a,g"age o( *o,d"*t f(o) asse(ti,g +e(
e<"it. of (ede)'tio,.
S-LLABUS
7+e o'i,io, states t+e *ase.
!OUNSEL. #$ !$ %ann, fo( t+e a''e##a,t.
#ilson & %anson, fo( t+e a''e##ees.
%U/GES. Ca(d-e##, !., de#i3e(ed t+e o'i,io, of t+e
*o"(t. A/se,t, 1"*+a,a,, !.
OINION B-. CAEF0ELL
OINION
%*84& %**199& 0. E. 1e(2e#e., t+e +"s/a,d of
E##e, 1e(2e#e. 4s'o2e, of i, t+is (e*o(d as E##e, 0.
1e(2e#e.5 /. deed of =o3e)/e( 6, 18$4, *o,3e.ed to E.
1. 1e(2e#e., +is (eside,*e i, t+e to-, of Da()3i##e, t+e
%***4& #ot "'o, -+i*+ it -as sit"ated, a,d a, ad6oi,i,g
#ot 2,o-, as Gt+e ga(de,,G i, t("st; Gto /e +e#d /. +i),
t+e said E. 1. 1e(2e#e., t("stee, fo( t+e /e,efit of E##e,
1e(2e#e. d"(i,g +e( #ife, a,d at +e( deat+, -it+ (e)ai,de(
to +e( *+i#d(e,, ,o- /o(, o( +e(eafte( to /e /o(,, s"/6e*t
to a## t+e (est(i*tio,s, *o,ditio,s a,d #i)itatio,s i)'osed
/. t+e -i## of %*8?& !o+, 0. 0i#so,, de*eased, o, t+e
i,te(est gi3e, t+e(ei, to t+e said E##e,, -+o is E##e,
1e(2e#e., a,d +e( *+i#d(e, i, t+e t-o t(a*ts of #a,d *a##ed
@:o(s de Ao,de@ a,d t+e +o)e t(a*t, o( @S'(i,g :i##.@G
D(o) t+e (e*ita#s of t+is deed, it a''ea(s t+at t+is
+o)e *o,3e.ed to t+e t("stee fo( t+e /e,efit of t+e -ife
a,d +e( *+i#d(e, -as '"(*+ased -it+ t+e '(o*eeds of t+e
i,te(est of t+e -ife a,d +e( *+i#d(e, i, t-o t(a*ts of #a,d
de3ised to t+e) /. !o+, 0. 0i#so,, t+e fat+e( of E##e,
1e(2e#e.. 7+e(e -e(e se3e, of t+ese *+i#d(e,, a,d, o,e
of t+e) +a3i,g died s"/se<"e,t to +is fat+e(, A"g"st 2,
1886, +is s+a(e i, t+e '(o'e(t. des*e,ded to +is )ot+e(
a,d si8 /(ot+e(s a,d siste(s, so t+at E##e, 1e(2e#e., at t+e
date of +e( deed, +e(ei,afte( )e,tio,ed, to E. 1. 7"gg#e,
of Aa. 1$, 1893, -as t+e o-,e( of a, estate fo( #ife i,
t+is %***?& '(o'e(t., a,d of a o,e9fo(t.9,i,t+ 'a(t of t+e
(e)ai,de( i, fee, as +ei( of +e( de*eased so,, 0i##is, a,d
ea*+ of t+e s"(3i3i,g si8 *+i#d(e, -as t+e o-,e( of o,e9
se3e,t+ of t+e (e)ai,de(, a*<"i(ed ",de( t+e deed f(o)
t+ei( fat+e( to E. 1. 1e(2e#e., t("stee, a,d of a o,e9fo(t.9
,i,t+ i,te(est, as a, +ei( of t+ei( de*eased /(ot+e(, 0i##is.
I, o(de( to o/tai, )o,e. to '(e3e,t +e( #ife estate
f(o) /ei,g s"/6e*ted to t+e 'a.)e,t of de#i,<"e,t ta8es
o, t+e '(o'e(t., E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e. e8e*"ted to +e( so,9
i,9#a-, E. 1. 7"gg#e, t+e deed of Aa. 1$, 1893,
*o,3e.i,g +e( life estate i, t+e '(o'e(t., -+i*+ deed,
o)itti,g t+e des*(i'tio, of t+e '(o'e(t., is as fo##o-s
G7+is deed, )ade t+is 1$t+ da. of Aa., 1893,
/et-ee, E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., of Da()3i##e, Va., 'a(t. of
t+e fi(st 'a(t, a,d E. 1. 7"gg#e, 'a(t. of t+e se*o,d 'a(t,
0it,esset+, t+at fo( a,d i, *o,side(atio, of t+e *o3e,a,ts
a,d ag(ee)e,ts +e(ei,afte( )ade /. t+e said E. 1.
7"gg#e to a,d -it+ t+e said E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., s+e, t+e
said E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., dot+ g(a,t, /a(gai,, se## a,d
*o,3e. ",to t+e said E. 1. 7"gg#e +e( #ife estate i, t+at
*e(tai, +o"se a,d #ot i, t+e to-, of Da()3i##e.
%*86& . . . I, *o,side(atio, -+e(eof t+e %***6& said E. 1.
7"gg#e *o3e,a,ts a,d ag(ees to a,d -it+ t+e said E##e,
0. 1e(2e#e. t+at +e -i## 'a. ",to t+e Co))o,-ea#t+ of
Vi(gi,ia, t+e *o",t. of P(i,*e Ed-a(d, a,d t+e to-, of
Da()3i##e, a## s")s of )o,e. -+i*+ +a3e /ee, +it+e(to
assessed as ta8es o, said +o"se a,d #ot, fo( -+i*+ t+e
sa)e +as /ee, (et"(,ed de#i,<"e,t, esti)ated to a)o",t
to t+e s") of B 600 '(i,*i'a#, i,te(est a,d *osts. A,d t+e
said E. 1. 7"gg#e dot+ f"(t+e( *o3e,a,t a,d ag(ee t+at
-+e,e3e( s+e, t+e said E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., %**200& s+a##
'a. to +i) t+e s") of )o,e. so 'aid /. +i) o, a**o",t
of s"*+ de#i,<"e,t ta8es -it+ i,te(est f(o) t+e ti)e of
+is 'a.)e,t, to t+e Co))o,-ea#t+, *o",t. a,d to-,,
a,d a## s")s of )o,e. +e s+a## 'a. o, a**o",t of ta8es
+e(eafte( to /e assessed "'o, said +o"se a,d #ot, -it+
i,te(est f(o) t+e ti)es at -+i*+ +e s+a## 'a. t+e sa)e,
+e, t+e said E. 1. 7"gg#e, -i## (e*o,3e. ",to +e(, t+e said
E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., t+e estate fo( +e( #ife i, said +o"se
a,d #ot +e(e/. *o,3e.ed /. +e( to +i). 0it,ess t+e
fo##o-i,g sig,at"(es a,d sea#s t+is da. a,d .ea( fi(st
a/o3e -(itte,.
Page ?
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
ELLE= 1EEHELEI 4Sea#5,
E. 1. 7CJJLE 4Sea#5.
1. fi3e se'a(ate *o,3e.a,*es, /et-ee, 1892 a,d
189$, E. 1. 7"gg#e a*<"i(ed tit#e to t+e %***$& i,te(ests
of fi3e of t+e (e)ai,de()e, i, t+is '(o'e(t., a,d i,
Aa(*+, 189$, +e fi#ed a /i## i, t+e Ci(*"it Co"(t of P(i,*e
Ed-a(d *o",t., -it+ a 3ie- to a sa#e of Gt+e ga(de,G #ot;
+e a##eged t+at +e -as t+e o-,e( of t+is #ot, e8*e't t+e
(e)ai,de( i,te(est of t+e i,fa,t Eo//ie 1. 1e(2e#e.; t+at
+e -as t+e a/so#"te o-,e( of t+e #ife estate; t+at +e -as
-i##i,g to (e#ease to t+e i,fa,t t+e #ife estate of E##e, 0.
1e(2e#e. i, +e( o,e9si8t+ i,te(est; t+at t+e '(o'e(t. -as
,ot s"s*e'ti/#e of 'a(titio, i, 2i,d, a,d as2i,g t+at t+e
i,te(est of t+e i,fa,t i, t+e #ot )ig+t /e so#d to +i).
7+ose '(o*eedi,gs (es"#ted i, a sa#e of t+e i,fa,t@s
i,te(est i, Gt+e ga(de,G %*8$& #ot to 7"gg#e fo( B 333.33
1K3, a,d +e t+e(eafte( so#d t+is #ot fo( B 2,000.00,
(e*ei3i,g t+e e,ti(e '(o*eeds of sa#e e8*e't t+e s+a(e of
t+e i,fa,t.
1. fo"( deeds e8e*"ted !",e 6, 1893, A"g"st 20,
1894, Aa(*+ 2, 189$, a,d !",e 4, 1898, E. 1. 7"gg#e
*o,3e.ed t+e i,te(ests +e *#ai)ed i, t+e e,ti(e '(o'e(t.
+e#d /. E. 1. 1e(2e#e., t("stee, to t+e t("stees of t+e
Da()3i##e 1"i#di,g L 7("st Co)'a,. to se*"(e 3a(io"s
s")s of /o((o-ed )o,e., a,d t+e t("stees i, t+ese deeds,
at t+e (e<"est of t+e 1"i#di,g a,d 7("st Co)'a,. %***8&
a,d of 7"gg#e, ad3e(tised fo( sa#e t+e d-e##i,g +o"se a,d
t+e #ot "'o, -+i*+ it is sit"ated, as t+o"g+ t+e deeds
",de( -+i*+ t+e. -e(e a*ti,g *o,3e.ed a, a/so#"te tit#e,
i,de'e,de,t of a,. i,te(est t+e(ei, o-,ed /. E##e, 0.
1e(2e#e. o( +e( i,fa,t *+i#d 99 Eo//ie 1. 1e(2e#e..
0+e(e"'o,, E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., Eo//ie 1. 1e(2e#e., a,d
E. 1. 1e(2e#e., t("stee, o/tai,ed a, i,6",*tio, (est(ai,i,g
t+e t("stees f(o) )a2i,g sa#e of t+e '(o'e(t. ",ti# t+e
f"(t+e( o(de( of t+e Ci(*"it Co"(t of P(i,*e Ed-a(d
*o",t., a,d "'o, t+e +ea(i,g of t+e *a"se, "'o, t+e
'#eadi,gs, t+e e8+i/its t+e(e-it+, a,d t+e de'ositio,s fo(
'#ai,tiffs a,d defe,da,ts, t+e *o"(t 'e('et"ated t+e
i,6",*tio, /ot+ as to t+e i,te(est i, (e)ai,de( +e#d /.
Eo//ie 1. 1e(2e#e., a,d t+e #ife estate of E##e, 0.
1e(2e#e., a,d f(o) t+is de*(ee E. 1. 7"gg#e a''ea#s.
7+e #ea(,ed !"dge of t+e Ci(*"it Co"(t
*
+as, i, a
-(itte, o'i,io,, )ade a 'a(t of t+e (e*o(d, dis*"ssed i, a
satisfa*to(. )a,,e( t+e '(i,*i'#es i,3o#3ed i, t+e *ase,
a,d -e, t+e(efo(e, ado't it as a 'a(t of t+is o'i,io,,
o)itti,g state)e,ts -+i*+ -e +a3e a#(ead. )ade +e(ei,
a,d -+i*+ ,eed ,ot /e (e'eated
* !"dge Jeo(ge !. :",#e..
%***9& G7+e deed f(o) E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e. of date
Aa. 1$, 1893, to E. 1. 7"gg#e *o,tai,s a sti'"#atio, fo(
a (e*o,3e.a,*e of t+e '(o'e(t. to +e( @-+e,e3e( s+e s+a##
'a. to +i) t+e s") of )o,e. 4esti)ated at B 6005 so
'aid /. +i) o, a**o",t of s"*+ de#i,<"e,t ta8es -it+
i,te(est t+e(eo, f(o) t+e ti)e of +is %*88& 'a.)e,t,@
et*. 7+e '(o'e(t. i, -+i*+ t+e '#ai,tiff so *o,3e.ed +e(
#ife estate *o,sisted of t-o #ots, t+e o,e o, -+i*+ s+e
(esided, a,d a,ot+e( 2,o-, as @t+e ga(de,.@ . . . At t+e
ti)e of t+ese t(a,sa*tio,s, t+e defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, -+o
+ad )a((ied t+e da"g+te( of t+e '#ai,tiff, /oa(ded +is
-ife -it+ +e( )ot+e(, a,d ag(eed to 'a. a sti'"#ated '(i*e
fo( +e( /oa(d, a,d fo( +is o-,, fo( s"*+ ti)e as +is
/"si,ess 'e()itted +i) to s'e,d -it+ t+e).
GIt a''ea(s t+at t+e fa)i#. of t+e '#ai,tiff -as a #a(ge
o,e, a,d t+at s+e -as st(i3i,g to )a2e a #i3i,g fo( +e(se#f
a,d t+e) /. 2ee'i,g /oa(de(s, a,d +e( so,9i,9#a- see)s
to +a3e /ee, t+e o,#. )a#e )e)/e( of t+e fa)i#. to
-+o) s+e *o"#d #oo2 fo( *o",se# a,d ad3i*e, o( +e#' i,
ti)e of ,eed. 7+e st("gg#e )"st +a3e /ee, a +a(d o,e,
fo( s+e 'e()itted t+e ta8es o, +e( +o)e to /e*o)e
de#i,<"e,t, a,d to 'i#e "' ",ti# t+e. (ea*+ed t+e s") of B
%***10& 618.33, a,d s+e -as t+(eate,ed -it+ a s"it to
s"/6e*t +e( #ife i,te(est to t+e 'a.)e,t of t+ese ta8es /. a
st(a,ge( -+o +ad a*<"i(ed a #ie, "'o, t+e i,te(est of o,e
of +e( so,s i, t+e (e)ai,de(. C,de( t+ese *i(*")sta,*es,
s+e a''#ied to +e( so,9i,9#a- fo( +e#', a,d +e ag(eed to
(aise t+e )o,e. a,d 'a. t+e ta8es if s+e -o"#d *o,3e. to
+i) +e( #ife i,te(est, to -+i*+ s+e *o,se,ted, a,d )ade
t+e deed -it+ (ese(3atio, /efo(e a##"ded to. S+e testified
t+at /efo(e s+e )ade t+e deed, 7"gg#e stated to +e( t+at
a## +e -a,ted -as to f(ee t+e '(o'e(t. f(o) t+e ta8 #ie, i,
o(de( to '(ese(3e t+e +o)e fo( t+e fa)i#. as #o,g as s+e
#i3ed, a,d s+e a#so testifies t+at /efo(e Gt+e ga(de, #otG
-as so#d +e to#d +e( @if t+e. -o"#d *o,se,t to t+at sa#e +e
-o"#d (e*o,3e. +e( #ife i,te(est, a,d t+e i,te(est of Aa(.
a,d Da,,ie i, t+e +o)e #ot.@ 7+ese state)e,ts a(e ,ot
de,ied /. defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, i, +is de'ositio,.
GC' to t+is ti)e 7"gg#e 'aid /oa(d i, )o,e., /"t
afte( t+at it -as ag(eed /et-ee, t+e) t+at t+e /oa(d
s+o"#d /e offset agai,st t+e (e,t of t+e +o"se ",ti# +e a,d
+is -ife )o3ed to =otto-a., -+e, it -as ag(eed t+at
'#ai,tiff s+o"#d 'a. t+e i,s"(a,*e %*89& a,d ta8es o,#.
as *o)'e,satio, fo( %***11& t+e "se of t+e +o"se. It is
*o,*eded t+at t+e '#ai,tiff +as a## t+e ti)e (e)ai,ed i,
'ossessio, of t+e (eside,*e, a,d t+at s+e 2,e- of a,d
)ade ,o o''ositio, to t+e sa#e of t+e @ga(de, #ot,@ a,d
asse(ted ,o di(e*t *#ai) to a,. 'a(t of t+e '(o*eeds.
7+(ee #ette(s of t+e '#ai,tiff a(e a#so fi#ed i, t+e (e*o(d as
e3ide,*e fo( t+e defe,da,t, i, a## t+(ee of -+i*+ s+e
)o(e o( #ess '#ai,#. (e*og,i>ed 7"gg#e as t+e o-,e(
%**201& of t+e G+o)e #ot,G a,d a*2,o-#edged +e(se#f to
/e +is te,a,t, t+o"g+ s+e (efe(s i, t+ese #ette(s to t+e sa#e
of t+e ga(de, #ot, sa.i,g s+e +ad +o'ed t+e )o,e. f(o)
t+at -o"#d +a3e (e#ie3ed +i) fi,a,*ia##..
GI, t+is state of fa*ts, t+e <"estio,s '(ese,ted fo(
*o,side(atio, a,d dete()i,atio, /. t+e *o"(t a(e t+ese
Page 6
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
G1. Is t+e deed e8e*"ted /. t+e '#ai,tiff to E. 1.
7"gg#e a )o(tgage, a,d as s"*+ s"/6e*t to t+e e<"it. of
(ede)'tio,, o( is it si)'#. t+e e3ide,*e of a *o,ditio,a#
sa#e -+i*+ +as /e*o)e a/so#"te /. a fai#"(e to *o)'#.
-it+ t+e *o,ditio,sM
G2. If it /e *o,st("ed as a )o(tgage, +as A(s.
1e(2e#e. #ost t+e (ig+t to (edee) /. 'a(ti,g -it+ +e(
e<"it. of (ede)'tio,, o( /. s"*+ de*#a(atio,s o( *o,d"*t
as -i## esto' +e( f(o) asse(ti,g a,. i,te(est i, t+e
'(o'e(t.M
%***12& GIt is t("e t+at /ot+ fo()s of sa#e a(e
*o,ditio,a#, /"t t+e 3ita# disti,*tio, /et-ee, t+e) is t+is
%:=1& t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio, is a, i,se'a(a/#e
i,*ide,t of a )o(tgage, so )"*+ so t+at it *a,,ot /e
defeated, (est(ai,ed, e3aded o( i, a,. ot+e( -a.
i)'ai(ed, e3e, /. ag(ee)e,t of 'a(ties, as #o,g as t+e
)o(tgage *o,ti,"es a se*"(it., t+o"g+ t+e )o(tgagee
)a. /e*o)e a '"(*+ase( of t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio,,
a,d t+"s *o)/i,e t+e #ega# a,d e<"ita/#e estates i, +is
o-, 'e(so,. Co"(ts of e<"it., +o-e3e(, s*("ti,i>e
t(a,sa*tio,s of t+is *+a(a*te( -it+ t+e "t)ost *a(e, a,d
e3e( sta,d (ead. to set t+e) aside, a,d g(a,t (e#ief to t+e
de/to( -+e,e3e( a g(oss i,ade<"a*. of '(i*e o( a,.
*i(*")sta,*es of o''(essio, o( )ista2e a''ea(.
%*90& G;, t+e ot+e( +a,d, %:=2& i, t+e *ase of a
*o,ditio,a# sa#e, t+e ,o,9'e(fo()a,*e of t+e *o,ditio,
(e,de(s it a/so#"te, /ot+ at #a- a,d i, e<"it..
%:=3& GI, o(de( to dete()i,e t+e t("e *o,st("*tio,
of s"*+ deed, it is -e## sett#ed t+at 'a(o# e3ide,*e is
ad)issi/#e, a,d t+at a deed a/so#"te o, its fa*e )a. /e
/. s"*+ e3ide,*e *o,3e(ted i,to a )o(tgage. See 1 !o,es
o, Ao(tgages, '. 223, se*. 301. It is a -e## esta/#is+ed
("#e of e<"it. t+at i, *ases of do"/t s"*+ i,st(")e,ts
%***13& a(e *o,st("ed as )o(tgages. A## t+e a"t+o(ities
ag(ee as to t+at.
GHee'i,g i, )i,d t+ese '(e#i)i,a(. '(o'ositio,s, #et
"s add(ess o"(se#3es to t+e fi(st <"estio,. Is t+e deed i,
t+is *ase a )o(tgage, o( does it e3ide,*e si)'#. a
*o,ditio,a# sa#eM
GA(. Ai,o(, i, Vo#. 2 of +is I,stit"tes 44t+ ed.5, '.
338, sa.s %:=4& @7+e )a(2s -+e(e/. a )o(tgage is
dis*(i)i,ated f(o) a *o,ditio,a# sa#e a(e t+ese 415 7+at
,o '(i*e o( a, i,ade<"ate o,e is set o, t+e '(o'e(t.. 425
7+at t+e g(a,to( (e)ai,s i, 'ossessio,. 435 7+at t+e(e is
a *o3e,a,t o( '(o)ise o/#igi,g t+e g(a,to( to 'a. t+e
)o,e..@
GAs a #ega# '(o'ositio,, too, it *a,,ot /e dis'"ted
t+at %:=?& it is esse,tia# to a )o(tgage t+at t+e(e s+o"#d
/e a de/t to /e se*"(ed, a,d t+e(e *a, /e ,o de/t -it+o"t
a '(o)ise to 'a., eit+e( e8'(ess o( i)'#ied.
GAs to t+e fi(st t-o )a(2s of a )o(tgage, it see)s
t+at t+e *o,ditio,s a(e ade<"ate#. )et i, t+is *ase. 7+e
'(i*e set "'o, t+e '(o'e(t. is *e(tai,#. i,ade<"ate, as t+e
'#ai,tiff@s i,te(est i, t+e @ga(de, #ot@ a#o,e, *a#*"#ated /.
t+e ta/#es, -as -o(t+ )o(e t+a, t+e *o,side(atio, i, t+e
deed, a,d it is ,ot dis'"ted t+at s+e +as ,e3e( /ee,
de'(i3ed of t+e 'ossessio, of t+e '(o'e(t.. It is
st(e,"o"s#. %***14& *o,te,ded, t+o"g+, /. *o",se# fo(
7"gg#e, t+at t+e '#ai,tiff )"st fai# o, t+e #ast '(o'ositio,,
t+at t+e(e -as ,o de/t, t+at t+e(e is ,o *o3e,a,t o(
'(o)ise to 'a. /. t+e g(a,to(. Loo2i,g to t+e fa*e of t+e
deed a#o,e t+is is *e(tai,#. t("e, t+e(e is ,o e8'(ess
'(o)ise to 'a. t+e de/t. I, %*91& Snavely v$ Pic'le and
(t)ers* +, -ratt$ +.* at $ /09@?, it is said /. t+e *o"(t,
@t+at %:=6& -+i#st it is esse,tia# to a )o(tgage t+at t+e(e
s+o"#d /e a de/t to /e se*"(ed, it 4t+e de/t5 )a. /e
a,te*ede,t to o( *(eated *o,te)'o(a,eo"s#. -it+ t+e
)o(tgage.@
GI, t+e *ase at /a( t+e(e -as ,o a,te*ede,t de/t, /"t
t+e *o,side(atio, )e,tio,ed i, t+e deed is a '(o)ise o(
",de(ta2i,g o, t+e 'a(t of t+e g(a,tee to 'a. a '(e9
e8isti,g de/t of t+e g(a,to(, a,d it is *o,*eded t+at +e
'aid t+is de/t fo( +e(.
G7+e <"estio, t+e, is, 0i## a *o"(t of e<"it., i, t+e
i,te(est of a -ise a,d +")a,e a,d 6"st e8e(*ise of its
6"(isdi*tio,, i)'#. a '(o)ise to 'a. t+is de/t o, t+e 'a(t
of t+e g(a,to( i, t+e deed, o( -i## it /e*o)e ,a((o- a,d
te*+,i*a# i, o(de( t+at t+e g(a,tee )a. *#ai) a, a/so#"te
tit#e to '(o'e(t. -o(t+ do"/#e -+at +e 'aid fo( itM A(.
Ai,o( sa.s, %:=$& @a '(o)ise is i)'#ied if it *a, /e
ot+e(-ise %***1?& s+o-, to /e a )o(tgage,@ see 2
Ai,o(@s I,sts. 338; a,d o, ''. 3339@4, +e sa.s %:=8& @A,
a*tio, #ies o, a )o(tgage to (e*o3e( t+e )o,e. t+e(e/.
so"g+t to /e se*"(ed ",#ess it /e sti'"#ated t+at (e*o"(se
s+a## /e to t+e s"/6e*t )o(tgaged a#o,e.@
GI, 3ie- of t+ese a"t+o(ities, a,d fo##o-i,g -+at I
*o,*ei3e to /e t+e di*tates of 6"sti*e, I )"st +o#d t+at t+is
#ast a,d ,e*essa(. (e<"isite is ,ot #a*2i,g, a,d t+at t+e
deed i, <"estio, is a )o(tgage.
GIt is +a(d to 'e(*ei3e, t+o"g+, +o- t+e defe,da,ts
-o"#d /e i, a,. /ette( 'ositio, i, t+at (es'e*t, if t+e deed
s+o"#d /e *o,st("ed as e3ide,*i,g a *o,ditio,a# sa#e
o,#.. 7+e(e is ,o ti)e fi8ed fo( t+e 'e(fo()a,*e of t+e
*o,ditio,, a,d t+e #a,g"age of t+e deed itse#f is
sig,ifi*a,t. It (ef(ai,s f(o) ,a)i,g a da., a,d "ses t+e
-o(d @-+e,e3e(,@ -+i*+ is *e(tai,#. 3e(. /(oad. It sa.s
@-+e,e3e(@ s+e 'a.s t+e )o,e. t+e '(o'e(t. s+a## /e
(e*o,3e.ed to +e(.
GIt is t("e t+at %:=9& -+e, ,o ti)e is s'e*ified t+e
#a- i)'#ies a (easo,a/#e ti)e. S"''ose t+e deed +ad
gi3e, +e( fi3e o( si8 .ea(s to *o)'#. -it+ t+e *o,ditio,,
-o"#d t+is +a3e see)ed %*92& ",(easo,a/#eM 7+e,,
-+. s+o"#d t+e #a- fi8 a #ess 'e(iod as a (easo,a/#e o,eM
Page $
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
GC,de( s"*+ *i(*")sta,*es %***16& as t+ese, o"(
Co"(t of A''ea#s +as ofte, +e#d t+at a 3e(. )"*+ #o,ge(
'e(iod -as ,ot ",(easo,a/#e, %**202& -+e(e t+e
t(a,sa*tio,s -e(e +ad /et-ee, ,ea( (e#ati3es, -+o )ig+t
,at"(a##. /e s"''osed to /e fo(/ea(i,g to-a(ds ea*+
ot+e(. It +as /ee, so +e#d i, *ases -+e(e it +as /ee,
so"g+t to (aise t+e '(es")'tio, of 'a.)e,t of a de/t
afte( a g(eat #a'se of ti)e. 7+e @ga(de, #ot@ -as so#d 6"st
fo"( .ea(s afte( t+e deed -as )ade, a,d A(s. 1e(2e#e.
*o,te,ds t+at t+e *o,ditio, -as t+e, *o)'#ied -it+.
A(s. 1e(2e#e. sa.s, i, (es'o,se to t+e e#e3e,t+ <"estio,
of +e( de'ositio,, t+at @A(. 7"gg#e said t+at +e -o"#d
(e*o,3e. ). #ife i,te(est a,d t+at of Aa(. a,d Da,,ie i,
t+e +o)e #ot if -e -o"#d *o,se,t to se## t+e ga(de, #ot.@
:e( de'ositio, -as ta2e, o, t+e 21st da. of De/("a(.,
1900, a,d o, t+e 26t+ da. of t+e sa)e )o,t+, 7"gg#e@s
de'ositio, -as ta2e,, a,d +e )a2es ,o de,ia# of t+is
state)e,t.
G7+e defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, i, +is de'ositio,, see)s to
*#ai) t+at +is tit#e to t+e '(o'e(t. is /ased "'o, t+e deed
a,d t+e '#ai,tiff@s #ette(s, /"t t+e fi(st #ette( -as -(itte, i,
1898, a,d t+e ot+e(s i, 1899, a,d .et +e sa.s t+at at t+e
ti)e of t+e sa#e of t+e ga(de, #ot, i, 189$, t+e '(o'e(t.
-as +is a,d t+e %***1$& '(o*eeds of t+e sa#e of t+e #ot
-e(e +is. =eit+e( +e ,o( +is *o",se# fi8 "'o, a,. ti)e
-+e, t+e (ig+t to (edee) #a'sed, a,d, -it+o"t a,. aid i,
t+e s+a'e of e3ide,*e o( s"ggestio,, it is i)'ossi/#e fo(
t+e *o"(t to fi8 a ti)e.
GAfte( a##, t+e,, t+e o,#. (ea# <"estio, i, t+e *ase
see)s to /e t+e se*o,d o,e stated, to9-it :as A(s.
1e(2e#e. 'a(ted -it+ +e( e<"it. of (ede)'tio,, o( is s+e
esto''ed f(o) asse(ti,g +e( (ig+t to it ,o-, /. #o,g
a*<"ies*e,*e i, t+e *o,st("*tio, '"t o, t+e deed /.
7"gg#e, o( /. +e( ad)issio,s *o,tai,ed i, t+e #ette(s
(efe((ed to.
%:=10& GA (e#ease of t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio, -i##
,ot /e i,fe((ed f(o) e<"i3o*a# *i(*")sta,*es o( #oose
e8'(essio,s. It )"st %*93& a''ea( /. a -(iti,g
i)'o(ti,g i, te()s a t(a,sfe( of t+e )o(tgago(@s i,te(est,
o( s"*+ fa*ts )"st /e s+o-, as -i## esto' +i) afte(-a(ds
to asse(t a,. i,te(est. See 1st !o,es o, Ao(tgages, se*.
340, '. 249.
G7+e fi(st /(a,*+ of t+is '(o'ositio, +as ,o
a''#i*atio, to t+e *ase at /a(, as it is ,ot '(ete,ded t+at
A(s. 1e(2e#e. so#d +e( e<"it. of (ede)'tio,, /"t it is
*o,te,ded t+at s+e is esto''ed /. *o,se,ti,g to t+e sa#e
of t+e ga(de, #ot, a,d fai#i,g to *#ai) a,. 'a(t of t+e
'(o*eeds, a,d /. +e( a*<"ies*e,*e %***18& i, t+e
*o,st("*tio, '#a*ed "'o, t+e deed /. 7"gg#e. It is
'(o'e( to sa. t+at t+e e8'(essio,s i, t+ose #ette(s *a,
+a(d#. /e te()ed #oose o( e<"i3o*a#. 7+e. *o,stit"te a
'(ett. '#ai, a*2,o-#edg)e,t of a/so#"te tit#e i, 7"gg#e,
a,d i, t+e) s+e )ade ,o )e,tio, of a,. '(o)ise o, t+e
'a(t of 7"gg#e to (e*o,3e. +e( #ife i,te(est, '(o3ided s+e
*o,se,ted to t+e sa#e of t+e ga(de, #ot. Is s+e, t+e,,
esto''ed /. +e( -o(ds a,d a*tio,s f(o) )a2i,g a *#ai)
,o-M Let "s fi(st *o,side( t+e 'e(so,a#it. of t+e
*o,te,di,g 'a(ties, t+ei( sit"atio,, t+ei( (e#atio,s to ea*+
ot+e(, a,d a## t+e *i(*")sta,*es s"((o",di,g t+e), a,d i,
t+e #ig+t of t+ese fa*ts -e s+a## /e /ette( e,a/#ed to
dete()i,e t+is <"estio,.
G7+e e3ide,*e is t+at t+e '#ai,tiff, at t+e ti)e of
t+ese t(a,sa*tio,s, -as a -ido- -it+ a #a(ge fa)i#.,
)a,. of t+e) gi(#s -+o) s+e -as st(i3i,g to s"''o(t /.
2ee'i,g a /oa(di,g9+o"se. 7+at s+e -as ,ot a /"si,ess
-o)a,, a,d -as ,ot 'ossessed of e,o"g+ -o(#d#.
-isdo) to *a(e fo( +e( o-, i,te(ests, is )a,ifest f(o) a##
t+e fa*ts a,d *i(*")sta,*es. 0e s+o"#d (at+e( i,fe( f(o)
t+e e3ide,*e t+at s+e -as a, ",se#fis+ -o)a,,
",s"s'i*io"s, ge,t#e, a,d *o,fidi,g i, +e( ,at"(e. 0it+
+e( 3e(. /est effo(ts %***19& s+e fo",d +e( +o)e
g(ad"a##. s#i''i,g a-a. f(o) +e( g(as', a,d 2,e- t+at
s+e )"st +a3e +e#' o( go ",de(. 7+e -o(ds a,d a*tio,s
of s"*+ a -o)a, ",de( s"*+ *i(*")sta,*es *a,,ot /e
6"dged /. a,. fi8ed sta,da(d o( 2,o-, ("#es of *o,d"*t
a''#i*a/#e to )e,. 7o do so -o"#d /e (",,i,g *o",te( to
a## e8'e(ie,*e, %*94& a,d a 3io#atio, of t("t+ a,d 6"sti*e.
It does ,ot a''ea( t+at 7"gg#e -as a )a, of )ea,s, o(
t+at +e so"g+t to e,t(a' o( o3e(9(ea*+ +e( i, a,. -a., /"t
+e -as a /"si,ess )a,, -e## a*<"ai,ted -it+ t+e -o(#d
a,d its -a.s, a,d *a'a/#e of ta2i,g *a(e of +i)se#f. S+e
-as i, de/t; s+e -as dist(essed, a,d i, +e( t(o"/#e s+e
*o,fided i, +i) a,d ga3e "' a## s+e +ad to se*"(e +i).
S+e do"/t#ess t+o"g+t t+at t+e +o)e -o"#d /e safe
a,.-a.. 0+e, +e i,fo()ed +e( t+at it )"st /e so#d s+e
did ,ot (e'(oa*+ +i), s+e did ,ot (e)i,d +i) of t+e
'(o)ise s+e said +e +ad )ade; s+e si)'#. a,d '#ai,ti3e#.
said, @0ait a-+i#e, ",ti# I *a, )a2e a((a,ge)e,ts to /"..
I )"st +a3e so)e '#a*e to #i3e, a,d fo( ). *+i#d(e, to
*o)e to -+e, ,ot at -o(2.@
G:e '#ai,#. asse(ted tit#e to t+e +o)e, a,d s+e as
'#ai,#. ad)itted it. A"st t+e *o"(t +o#d +e( to t+e
ad)issio,M Fid t+is )a, a,d t+is -o)a, )eet o,
%***20& e<"a# te()sM S"(e#., if a,. e3ide,*e of A(s.
1e(2e#e.@s "tte( i,*a'a*it. to ta2e *a(e of +e( o-,
i,te(ests -e(e -a,ted, it *a, /e fo",d i, +e( a*tio,s
i))ediate#. afte( t+e e8e*"tio, of t+e deed to 7"gg#e.
GA#t+o"g+ t+e te()s of t+e deed '#ai,#. ga3e +e( t+e
(ig+t to a (e*o,3e.a,*e of t+e '(o'e(t. "'o, t+e 'a.)e,t
of t+e de/t 4B 6005 a,d i,te(est, s+e i))ediate#.
asse,ted to a, a((a,ge)e,t /. -+i*+ 7"gg#e -as to
(e*ei3e B 240 a .ea( fo( t+e "se of t+e B 600, o( ,ea(#.
se3e, ti)es t+e i,te(est d"e ",de( t+e deed. Is it
*o,*ei3a/#e t+at s+e at t+at ti)e ",de(stood +e( (ig+ts,
a,d 2,e- -+at s+e -as doi,gM If t+e de*isio, ,o- is i,
+e( fa3o(, 7"gg#e -i## +a3e (e*ei3ed /a*2 e3e(. *e,t of
+is )o,e. -it+ i,te(est, a,d s+e -i## 2ee' t+e +o)e
Page 8
101 Va. 83, *; 43 S.E. 199, **;
1903 Va. LEXIS 6, ***
-+i*+ -as '(o3ided fo( +e( /. t+e fo(esig+t a,d #o3e of
+e( fat+e( a,d +"s/a,d. If it /e agai,st +e(, s+e -i## #ose
+e( +o)e -it+o"t +a3i,g (e*ei3ed a,.t+i,g -+ate3e( fo(
it, a,d 7"gg#e -i## +a3e (e*ei3ed i, )o,e. a,d '(o'e(t.
do"/#e t+e a)o",t #oa,ed, a,d 'e(+a's )o(e. I, *ases of
t+is 2i,d, t+e *o"(ts, /ot+ State %**203& a,d Dede(a#,
+a3e fo##o-ed t+e di*tates of +")a,it. a,d (ef"sed to
%*9?& +o#d 'a(ties (es'o,si/#e fo( ad)issio,s )ade
",de( s"*+ %***21& *i(*")sta,*es.
G7-o ,ota/#e i,sta,*es of t+is a(e to /e fo",d i, a
de*isio, of o"( Co"(t of A''ea#s 99 Snavely v$ Pic'le* +,
-ratt$ +.* at $ /09@?, a,d a de*isio, of t+e C.S.
S"'(e)e Co"(t, 1illa v$ Rodrigue2* 3+ #all$ /+/* +4 5$
Ed$ 046. I, /ot+ *ases t+e deeds -e(e a/so#"te o, t+ei(
fa*e, /"t t+e *o"(t o, 'a(o# testi)o,. *o,st("ed t+e) to
/e )o(tgages. I, t+e #atte( *ase t+e *o"(t sa.s @P(i,*i'#es
a#)ost as ste(, a(e a''#ied as t+ose -+i*+ go3e(, -+e(e
a sa#e /. a cestui que trust to +is t("stee is d(a-, i,
<"estio,. :e )"st +o#d o"t ,o de#"si3e +o'es; e3e(.
do"/t )"st /e so#3ed agai,st +i).@ 7+e(e a(e so)e
st(i2i,g si)i#a(ities /et-ee, t+at *ase a,d t+is. I, t+at
*ase it -as a /(ot+e( dea#i,g -it+ +is -ido-ed siste( a,d
+e( *+i#d(e,. :e +ad #oa,ed +e( )o,e. o, a )o(tgage,
a,d s"/se<"e,t#. '(o*"(ed f(o) t+e) a, a/so#"te deed
to '(o'e(t. -o(t+ do"/#e t+e a)o",t of +is #oa,, te##i,g
+e( t+at +e -as doi,g t+is to sa3e t+e '(o'e(t., a,d t+at
+e -o"#d do (ig+t /. t+e). :e t+e, #eased t+e '(o'e(t.
to a t+i(d 'a(t., a,d ga3e +i) a, o'tio, to /". at so)e
f"t"(e ti)e. 7+is t+i(d 'a(t. )ade 3a#"a/#e
i)'(o3e)e,ts o, t+e #a,d, /"t t+e *o"(t too2 it f(o)
+i), a,d a##o-ed %***22& t+e /(ot+e( t+e )o,e. +e +ad
#oa,ed -it+ i,te(est a,d ga3e /a*2 t+e '(o'e(t. to t+e
-ido- a,d t+e *+i#d(e,, ,ot-it+sta,di,g e3e(. e3ide,*e
of '(e3io"s dis*#ai)e( /. t+e). It is ,ot at a## '(o/a/#e
t+at eit+e( of t+e 'a(ties i, t+e *ase at /a( +as /ee,
a*t"ated /. a,. ",-o(t+. )oti3e. Ea*+ +as )ost
'(o/a/#. a*ted ",de( a )isa''(e+e,sio, of +is o( +e(
(es'e*ti3e (ig+ts i, t+e '(e)ises. It is st(a,ge t+at, i, t+e
fa*e of t+is deed, 7"gg#e s+o"#d a#-a.s +a3e *#ai)ed
a/so#"te tit#e to t+e '(o'e(t., a,d it is +a(d#. #ess st(a,ge
t+at f(o) t+e 3e(. fi(st A(s. 1e(2e#e. s+o"#d +a3e
see)i,g#. a*<"ies*ed i, t+at *#ai). P(o/a/#. at t+at
ti)e ,eit+e( -as 3e(. 'a(ti*"#a(. 7+e. -e(e d-e##i,g
+a()o,io"s#. toget+e( as o,e fa)i#., a,d i, a )eas"(e
see)ed to +o#d a## t+i,gs i, *o))o,, a,d ,eit+e( +e#d
t+e %*96& ot+e( "' to st(i*t ("#es of /"si,ess, if, i,deed,
t+e. ",de(stood t+e). It see)s *e(tai,, )o(eo3e(, t+at
-+e, t+e '#ai,tiff -(ote t+ose #ette(s s+e did ,ot
",de(sta,d +e( (ig+ts. S+e *o"#d +a(d#. +a3e 2,o-, t+e
t("e 3a#"e of +e( #ife i,te(est i, t+e ga(de, #ot, -+i*+ t+e
defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, so#d fo( B 2,000, as it is a )atte( of
diffi*"#t *a#*"#atio,, t+e '(i,*i'#es of -+i*+ a(e 2,o-,
%***23& a#)ost e8*#"si3e#. to #a-.e(s, a,d s+e o"g+t
,ot to /e +e#d to st(i*t a**o",ta/i#it. fo( t+e e8'(essio,s
"sed i, +e( #ette(s, o( fo( +e( a''a(e,t a*<"ies*e,*e i,
7"gg#e@s *o,st("*tio, of t+e deed. S+e *a, *#ai) a#so t+at
s+e -as t+e 3i*ti) of de#"si3e +o'es +e#d o"t to +e( i,
t+e de*#a(atio, of 7"gg#e; t+at +e o,#. -a,ted to
'(ese(3e a +o)e to +e( a,d t+e fa)i#. d"(i,g +e( #ife,
a,d -+o *a, sa. t+at s+e +ad ,ot (e'osed i, *o,fide,*e
o, t+at '(o)iseM If s+e did, t+e, s+e is ,ot to /e *+a(ged
-it+ *o,s*io"s a*<"ies*e,*e. Do( t+ese (easo,s, t+e *o"(t
is of o'i,io, t+at t+e '#ai,tiff, E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e., is ,o-
e,tit#ed to *#ai) t+e /e,efit of +e( e<"it. of (ede)'tio,
i, t+e '(o'e(t. *o,3e.ed, a,d t+at a, a**o",t s+o"#d /e
ta2e, /et-ee, t+e said '#ai,tiff a,d t+e defe,da,t, E. 1.
7"gg#e, i, -+i*+ s+e s+a## /e *+a(ged -it+ t+e )o,e.
ad3a,*ed fo( +e( o( 'aid /. 7"gg#e, -it+ i,te(est, a,d
s+a## (e*ei3e *(edit fo( t+e 3a#"e of +e( #ife i,te(est i, t+e
ga(de, #ot, *a#*"#ated a**o(di,g to t+e esta/#is+ed ("#e as
of t+e date of t+e sa#e t+e(eof, a,d a#so fo( /oa(d
f"(,is+ed t+e defe,da,t a,d +is -ife, a,d a,. 'a.)e,ts
ot+e(-ise )ade. As it is )a,ifest f(o) t+e e3ide,*e t+at
"'o, s"*+ a sett#e)e,t %***24& ,ot+i,g -i## /e d"e to
t+e defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, f(o) t+e '#ai,tiff, t+e i,6",*tio,
+e(etofo(e a-a(ded i, t+is *ase -i## /e )ade 'e('et"a# as
to t+e i,te(ests of t+e '#ai,tiff a,d Eo//ie 1. 1e(2e#e.,
#ea3i,g t+e Da()3i##e 1"i#di,g a,d 7("st Co. f(ee to
s"/6e*t to t+e 'a.)e,t of its de/t s"*+ i,te(ests as t+e
defe,da,t, E. 1. 7"gg#e, )a. +a3e i, t+e '(o'e(t.. It
fo##o-s, of *o"(se, t+at t+e deed f(o) t+e '#ai,tiff to t+e
defe,da,t, 7"gg#e, /ei,g *o,st("ed as a )o(tgage to
-+i*+ t+e e<"it. of (ede)'tio, atta*+es, a,d /ei,g
%*9$& d"#. (e*o(ded, t+e defe,da,t, 7+e Da()3i##e
1"i#di,g a,d 7("st Co., -as affe*ted -it+ ,oti*e of t+e
e<"ities of t+e '#ai,tiff, a,d *a,,ot /e *o,side(ed as a,
i,,o*e,t '"(*+ase( fo( 3a#"e -it+o"t ,oti*e, a,d too2
,ot+i,g ",de( t+e deed f(o) 7"gg#e sa3e s"*+ i,te(est as
+e +ad i, t+e '(o'e(t..G See a#so Peug) v$ Davis* ,6 7$S$
//+* +0 5$ Ed$ ..8; 2 Ai,o(@s I,st. 44t+ ed.5, '. 33$; a,d
1 !o,es o, Ao(tgages, se*s. 26?, 266, 2$4 a,d 2$?.
It -i## /e o/se(3ed, +o-e3e(, t+at t+e o'i,io, of t+e
#ea(,ed !"dge /e#o- )a2es ,o (efe(e,*e to t+e o,e9
fo(t.9,i,t+ i,te(est i, t+e '(o'e(t. ad3e(tised fo( sa#e /.
t+e t("stees of t+e 1"i#di,g a,d 7("st Co. -+i*+
des*e,ded %***2?& to E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e. f(o) +e(
de*eased *+i#d, 0i##is; ,o( does t+e de*(ee e,te(ed
'"(s"a,t to t+e o'i,io, a,d a''ea#ed f(o), as it s+o"#d
+a3e do,e, (est(ai, t+e t("stees a,d t+e 1"i#di,g a,d
7("st Co)'a,. f(o) se##i,g t+at i,te(est i, t+e '(o'e(t.,
as -e## as E##e, 0. 1e(2e#e.@s #ife estate t+e(ei,, a,d t+is
is assig,ed as e((o( /. a''e##ees, ",de( E"#e IX. of t+is
*o"(t. 7+e de*(ee i, t+is (es'e*t -i##, t+e(efo(e, /e
a)e,ded, a,d as so a)e,ded affi()ed.
Amended and Affirmed.