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÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 25 -Vöµj 2006 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë -2

ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éö˺x ÍFo ÷ªìÙ ÷«æ°xè¶ ÷«åö¶ Íô³ ÑÙè¯Lqì Í÷ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Ó÷ôÁ
àµí‡pì ÷«åLo ÚÛ«è¯, î¦üŒ‰x àµí‡pìåªxÞ¥ ÷«Ja àµð§pLq ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ð ·ôÙè[ª
ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄö˺xì« ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]lÄ꟪Lo Ñí£óµ«Tþ§hÙ. ÖÚÛæ¨ ví£êŸu¤ÛÙÞ¥ ൛ípC, ÏÙÚÁæ¨
í£ôÁ¤ÛÙö˺ íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷uÚ¨h íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷«åõû¦oè[E ൛ípC. ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éö˺ þ»Þœú£ª
Ú¥î¦õÙç¶ Ð ÍÙø‹Eo ò°Þ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L. î¦Ú¥uEo ÖÚÛ í£ë]lÄA ìªÙ# ÷ªôÁ í£ë]lÄAö˺ڨ
÷«ô¢aè¯EÚ¨ î¦uÚÛô¢éÙ ú£«vê¦õìª E¸ôlPÙ#ÙC.

Where (wh word) + is (helping verb) + he


(subject) + going (main verb)?
Questions (a), (b)õìª report ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦
ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª?
Visala: Where are you (NvÚÛîª ÷ªìLo õÙàÂÚ¨ í‡Là¦è[ª. í£CÙ-
÷«ô¢ªpõª à¶ú£«h question ö˺E wh word ìª Íö°
ÑÙà¶ú‡, NªÞœê¦ question part ìª statement
word order (verb + subject) ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôa-óŸ«L.
ÏÚÛ\è[ 'that' ô¦ë]ª.
starting off so early? æ¨ÚÛö°x ÷ªìÙ ñóŸª-ö¶l-ô¦L.) ç¶ñªöËÀ – 1 àŸ«è[Ùè….
(ÓÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍÙêŸ ê•Ùë]- Vinod: OK. I'll be back in time. Î ·ôÙè[ª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺x
ô¢Þ¥ ñóŸª-õª-ë¶-ô¢ª-꟪- (ú£·ôjì ú£÷ª-óŸ«-E¸Ú AJ-Þ•-þ§hö¶.) ÚÛ«è¯ Question word
û¦o÷±?) Study carefully the conversation above. order ìª report ඛú-å-
Vinod: To our maths lec- í£±pè[ª Wh word šíæ¨d
You find a number of 'wh' questions in it.
turer's.
Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ lesson ö˺ ÷ªìÙ êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙC: NªÞœê¦ Part ìª state-
ment word order ö˺ڨ
(÷« ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.)
To our maths lecturer's ÷«¸ôa-óŸªè[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….
– Ïö° lecturer's ö˺ö°Þ¥ M. SURESAN Let us now try to
's î¦è…ê¶ 'to' ÷³Ùë]ô¢ report the conversation
ÑÙ# – î¦RxÙ-æ¨Ú¨ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 189 between Visala and Vinod at the beginning of
the lesson. Note that we have to report both
÷ú£ªhÙC.
To my friend's = ÷« 'wh' questions ìª report à¶óŸªè[Ù, (indirect
friend ÏÙæ¨Ú¨
Which maths lecturer do you want to go to? statements and 'wh' Question (table -2).
speech ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù) ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ú‡ÙC 'wh' ç¶ñªöËÀ –2ö˺ àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛ믖 Question structure
Visala: What do you want questions ìª Jð¼ôÂd ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª question ìª
from him?
(÷« ›úo-꟪ö˺x à¦ö°÷ªÙC ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_-ô¢¸Ú ìª statement structure Þ¥ ÷«ô¢aåÙ Óö°ÞÁ.
statement form ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaþ§hÙ.
îµüŒê¦ô¢ª, ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÚÛ\è…¸Ú îµüŒ‰- Exercise: Ð Lesson ö˺E NªÞœê¦ conversa-
(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ ìªÙ# ÔÙ Ú¥î¦-L?/-ÓÙ- Question:
꟪û¦o.) tion between Visala and Vinod ìª report
ë]ªÚÛª?) Visala: How much does he charge? a) Where is he?
Vinod: I want to have tuition from him. à¶óŸªÙè…– Reporting verb, present tense, past
(ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?) Ð question ö˺ word order (÷«åõ Í÷ª-JÚÛ) tense ö˺ ÚÛ«è¯. Oªô¢ª practice à¶óŸªåÙ ÍÙç¶
(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ û¶ìª å«uù£ûËÂÚÛª à¶ô¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ- Vinod: I have to find out. That's what I am Where (wh word) + is (verb)+ he (subject)
ô¦óŸªåÙ ÷«vêŸî¶ª Ú¥ë]ª. Oªô¢ª ô¦ú‡ÙC, Oª friends
going for. b) Where is he going?
åªû¦o.)
Visala: Which maths lecturer do you want to Ó÷-J-êÁ-ûµjû¦ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ ·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª þ§ô¢ªx ÷«÷´-
go to?
(û¶ìª ÚÛìª-ÚÁ\-î¦L. ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛû¶ Ïí£±pè[ª îµüŒ‰- Ð question word order: õªÞ¥ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-꟪-ìoåªx practice à¶óŸªÙè….
꟪û¦o.)
Visala: When do you think you can come
(Ô ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ë]Þœ_ô¢ÚÛª îµü‹xõ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-
Reporting Speech
û¦o÷±?)
Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in the town.
back? 2 Direct Speech
Reporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)
(Óí£±pè[ª AJT ô¦Þœ-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?)
Vinod: Why do you want to know?
(ÞœéÚ þ§ôÂ. ÒüÉÁx ÎóŸªû¶ Þ•í£p-î¦è[ª.) 1. Visala: (to Vinod) Where are you Visala asks Vinod where Visala asked Vinod where
Visala: Who suggested him to you?
(ìªîµyÙ-ë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) starting off so early? he is starting off so early. he was starting off so
(ÎóŸªì ÞœªJÙ# F·Ú-÷ô¢ª àµð§pô¢ª?) early.
Vinod: Most of my friends go to him, so I am Visala: Vikram has invited us to lunch. We
have to start here at least by 10. Vinod: To our maths lecturer's Vinod replies that it is to Vinod replied that it was to
going to him too.
their maths lecturer's. their maths lecturer's.
Reporting Speech
1 Direct Speech
Reporting Verb (Present) Reporting Verb (Past)
2. Visala: What do you want from Visala asks Vinod what he Visala asked Vinod what
him? wants from him. he wanted from him.
1. Krishna: Where is your father? Krishna is asking/ asks Krishna asked Sathya Vinod: I want to have tuition from Vinod tells her he wants to Vinod told her he wanted
(Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥-·ô-ÚÛ\è[?) Sathya where her father where her father was. him. have tuition from him. to have his tuition from
is. him.
Sathya: Why do you want to know? 3. Visala: Which maths lecturer do Visala asks Vinod which Visala asked Vinod which
Sathya asks in reply why Sathya asked in reply why
you want to go to. maths lecturer he wants to maths lecturer he wanted
(ÓÙë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) he wants to know. he wanted to know.
go to. to go to.
2. Madhavi: What are your goals? Madhavi asks Prasanth Madhavi asked Prasanth Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in Vinod says/ replies that he Vinod replied that he want-
what his goals are. what his goals were. the town. wants to go Mr. Ganak ed to go to Mr. Ganak (and
Prasanth: What do you advise? Prasanth questions her Prasanth questioned her (and adds that) he is the added that) he is the best
what she advises. what she advised. best in the town. in the town.

1. They have been


ví£øŒo: áî¦ñª: 1. They have been able to keep their (ôÁè[xFo êŸè…Þ¥ Ñû¦oô³. ô¦vA ÷ô¢{Ù ÚÛªJú‡ ÑÙè¯L– b) The money stolen from the bank.
able to keep their promise = They have kept their promise. ÚÛªJ-ú‡ÙC). (ò°uÙÚ ìªÙ# ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸñè…ì è[ñªs.)
promise (î¦üŒ‰x êŸ÷ª ÷«åìª Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÁ-Þœ-L-Þ¥ô¢ª– Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÛª- ví£øŒo: 1. Gup Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ˺ N÷-JÙ#, ë¯EE Ô Past participle, verb Ú¥ë]ª. Be form (am, is,
Structure: have been û¦oô¢ª) NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè…. are, was, shall be, have been, etc.,) + Past
above to + P.V. 2. He might have been able to do the job = 2. Past participle (V3) N÷-JÙ#, Ñë¯--ô¢- participle Íô³ê¶ verb Í÷±-꟪ÙC. Íí£±pè[ª verb,
Perhaps (ñø‹)he did the job/ did not do the passive voice.
2. He might have been
éõª êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè….
job. a) Salaries were paid yesterday.
able to do the job
– þ§ï‡°B Në¯u-÷ªÙ-CôÂ, íÆ£ê¶hí£±ô¢Ù
structure: might have (ÍêŸè[ª Îí£E à¶óŸª-ÞœLT ÑÙè[÷àŸªa, ÞœêŸÙö˺ à¶ú‡ áî¦ñª: 1. Gup Íû¶ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª êµL-ú‡-ìÙ-êŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛ« (@ê¦õª Eìo Ï÷y-ñ-è¯fô³/ àµLxÙ-àŸ-ñ-è¯fô³.)
ö¶ë]ª. Guppy Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ô¢ÚÛ-iì à¶í£. b) The college will be closed from tomorrow
been able to + P.V. ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ö¶ë¯ à¶óŸª-ÚÛ-ð¼ô³ ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ÚÛ«è¯.)
3. She must have been able to persuade him 2. Past participle: Object Ñìo Verb Past par- onwards.
3. She must have been
to marry her. ticiple ÚÛª ‘ñè…ì’ ÍE Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. (Ú¥ö¶@ ¸ôí£æ¨ ìªÙ# ÷´óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC.)
able to persuade him to Past participle ìª adjective Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç¶
(êŸììª šíRx-à¶-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷ªE Î ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ìàŸa-âµí‡p a) The man seen here yesterday.
marry her. ë¶ûµj¬oû¦ ÷JgÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù.
ÑÙè¯L– ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ÍêŸè¯îµªìª šíRx à¶ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oè[ª) (Eìo ÏÚÛ\ àŸ«è[-ñ-è…ì ÷uÚ¨h – ú£·ôjì êµõª-Þœªö˺
structure: must have been able to + P.V. šíj a) The murdered man was related to her.
Compare: The roads are
Eìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Oªô¢ª/ Ù/ î¦üŒ‰x àŸ«ú‡ì ÷uÚ¨h.)
î¦Ú¥uõ í£²Jh Íô¦nEo, Ñí£-óµ«-Þ¥Eo N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª. (àŸÙí£ñè…ì ÷uÚ¨h ÎÚÛª àŸªådÙ.)
wet. It must have rained Spoken English ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚ à¶óŸªÙè…...
– ÓúÃ. -ìª-DlûËÂ, ÚÛô¢«oõª b) The ruined fort = PCÇ-õ-iì ÚÁå
during the night.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

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