-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 1 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006
Prem: Hi Syam, you are so late that all the
people have left.
(¨»uç, †’¢Áyçûª Ç©Ææu-´’çõ‰ FéÓÆæç Ö†o
¢√-∞¡xçû√ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’)
Syam: I was held up on my way by a terrible
traffic jam. The traffic was so heavy
that I took an hour to travel one kilo-
meter by car.
(ü∆J™ ®ΩDl ††’o ÇÊ°-ÆœçC. 鬮Ω’™ äéπ
éÀ™-O’-ô®˝ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ í∫çô °æöÀdçC – Åçûª
®ΩDlí¬ ÖçC)
Prem: Didn't you hear us on your mobile?
(F ÂÆ™¸-§∂ÚØ˛™ ´÷ ´÷ô©’ NE-°œç-‰ü∆
Fèπ◊?)
Syam: I knew you were calling, but I couldn't
make out anything. The whole road
was so noisy.
(O’®Ω’ §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆæ’h-†oC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’, é¬F
O’Í®ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’†oD ؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-
§Ú-ߪ÷†’. ®Ó-úøfçû√ -Åç-ûª íÌúø-´í¬ ÖçC.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 221
It is too difficult .. to understand
Prem: Our friends had waited and waited.
They had to wait for so long that I
served them coffee twice. That was
how long it was.
(´’† v°∂çú˛q F éÓÆæç áçûÓ-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢Ë*-
îª÷-¨»®Ω’. áçûª-ÊÆ-°æçõ‰ ؈’ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ È®çúø’-
≤ƒ®Ω’x 鬰∂‘ É¢√y-Lq-´-*açC. Åçûª-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o-®Ω-†o-
´÷ô ¢√∞¡Ÿx)
Syam: I'm really sorry but I couldn't help it.
When I took out my car to make it here
I didn't expect it to happen this way.
(Eïçí¬ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’, é¬E àç
îËߪ’†’? ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ Ø√ 鬮Ω’
•ßª’-ôèπ◊ BÆœ-†-°æ¤púø’ Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-
ü¿-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’)
(... I couldn't help it = ØËØËç îËߪ’-™‰E °æJ-Æ œnA/
Ø√èπ◊ ûª°œpç-C-é¬ü¿’.)
eg: I have to go now. I can't help it =
ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«x-LqçüË. Ø√éπ-C-ûª-°æpü¿’.
He has to pay the fine. He can't help it =
fine
Åûªúø’ éπö«d-LqçüË. ÅûªúÕéπC ûª°æpü¿’.
To make it here = to reach here =
Ééπ\-úÕéÀ îË®Ω-ö«-EéÀ.
Prem: Why was the traffic so heavy?
(áçü¿’-éπçûª ®ΩDlí¬ ÖçC vö«°∂œé˙ É¢√y∞¡?)
Syam: For onething, it is a peak traffic hour.
Secondly some procession was in the
way. At one point it was so long that it
took nearly 20 minutes to clear the
road.
(äéπ N≠æߪ’ç àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅC ´÷´‚-©’í¬
vö«°∂œé˙ ®ΩDl ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçúË Æ洒ߪ’ç.
È®çúÓüËçôçõ‰ àüÓ ÜÍ®-Tç°æ¤ Åúøfç ´*açC.
äéπ ü¿¨¡™ Ç ÜÍ®-Tç°æ¤ áçûÓ §Òúø-´¤çC.
áçûªçõ‰, ÅC ®Óúø’f ü∆ô-ö«-EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω
Å®Ω-í∫çô °æöÀdçC)
peak traffic = Åûªuçûª ®ΩDl
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Prem: Why didn't you tell us of it over the
cell?
(cell ™ îÁ°æp-™‰üËç Ñ N≠æߪ’ç?)
Syam: It was so noisy that you could hear
nothing.
(àD N-E°œç-îª-†ç-ûª íÌúø´)
Prem: Anyway, it's all over. Our friends have
gone away. Let's plan a meeting this
weekend.
(à¢Á’i-ûËØËç Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ´’†v°∂çú˛q
Åçü¿®Ω’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. Ñ ¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ
éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË à®√pô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç)
Syam: OK.
´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’: So èπ◊ Ö†o Å®√n©’:
So = 1) Åçü¿’-´©x/ 鬕öÀd 2) Åçûª (American
usage)
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç, so = Åçûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Ö†o
Ö°æßÁ÷í¬©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
(Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ, so, such (Å™«çöÀ) ÅØË ´÷ôèπ◊
ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ äéÓ\-≤ƒJ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç)
a) I can't go out now, It is so hot =
ØËE-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-™‰†’, Åçûª áçúøí¬ ÖçC =
ØËE-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-™‰-†çûª áçúøí¬ ÖçC.
It is so hot now that I can't go out.
b) Ç é¬®Ω’ ≤ƒ´÷-†’u©’
é̆-™‰®Ω’. Åçûª êK-üÁjç-
ü¿C =
Ordinary people
can't buy the car; It's
so expensive =
≤ƒ´÷-†’u©’ é̆-™‰-†çûª M. SURESAN
êK-üÁj† 鬮ΩC =
The car is so expensive that ordinary peo-
ple can't buy it.
c) It is a long way off; the girl can't walk the
distance =
ÅC î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. Ç Å´÷t®· Ç ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´-
™‰ü¿’.
Ç Å´÷t®· †úø-´-™‰ü¿’; Åçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç ÅC.
= The girl can't walk the distance; it's such
a long way off/ so distant.
= It is such a long way off that the girl can-
not walk.
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. so †’ Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË
'so' É™« ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, sentence ™E ´÷ô-©
èπÿ®Ω’p í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1) The box is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
(Ç Â°õ„d ؈’ ¢Á÷ߪ’-™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤)
2) He is walking so slowly that he cannot
catch the train.
(wõ„jØ˛ Åçü¿’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª Eü∆-†çí¬ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o-úø-ûª†’)
´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p îª÷úøçúÕ:
... so + adjective (heavy - 1) + that + ... (not) etc.
adverb (slowly - 2)
Éçé¬-îª÷-úøçúÕ.
3) He is so lazy that he cannot finish the work
on time.
(Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ °æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-ߪ’-†çûª ≤Ú´’J Åûª†’)
4) He talks so fast that I can't understand him
؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-úø-ûª†’.
Now look at the following sentences from
the conversation at the beginning of the
lesson.
1) The traffic was so heavy that I took an hour
to travel one kilometer.
vö«°∂œé˙ áçûª ®ΩDlí¬ Öçü¿çõ‰, äéπ éÀ™-O’-ô®˝
v°æߪ÷ùç îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ äéπ í∫çô °æöÀdçC.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´÷ö«xúË ûÁ©’-í∫’™– äéπ éÀ™-O’-ô®˝
v°æߪ÷-ù«-EéÀ äéπ í∫çô °æöÀdçC; vö«°∂œé˙ Åçûª
®ΩDlí¬ ÖçC.
2) You are so late that all the people have left=
Éûª-®Ω’-©çû√ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ßË’çûªí¬ Ç©Ææu-´’-ߪ÷u-´¤ †’´¤y.
3) I couldn't make out any thing.
The whole road was so noisy = adverb, Ç ûª®√yûª that ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√L.
Ø√Íéç Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’ (NE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’).Road Åçû√ -
Åç-ûª íÌúø-´í¬ ÖçC.
4) They had to wait so long that I served them
coffee twice =
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x coffee ÉîËaç-ûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢√∞¡Ÿx áü¿’-®Ω’-
îª÷-¨»®Ω’. (F ®√éπ Åçûª Ç©-Ææu-´’-®·ç-ü¿E ¶µ«´ç)
5) Why was the traffic so heavy?=
Traffic
Åçûª ®ΩDlí¬ áçü¿’-èπ◊çC?
6) ... it was so long that it took nearly 20 min-
utes to clear the road.
Ç ÜÍ®-Tç°æ¤ áçûª §Òúø-´çõ‰, ÅC ®Óú˛ ü∆ô--ú≈-EéÀ
20 EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æöÀdçC. (Ç ÜÍ®-Tç°æ¤ ®Óú˛ ü∆ô-ú≈-
EéÀ 20 EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æöÀdçC. Åçûª §Òúø-´C.)
7) It was so noisy that you couldn't hear any-
thing
´’†èπ◊ (Ééπ\úø, you Åçõ‰ F´¤/ O’®Ω’ ÅE
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬ü¿’; you – Åçõ‰ 'á´-È®jØ√— ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√-®ΩØË N≠æߪ’ç Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.)
EXERCISE
(Practise the following aloud in English;
use only so ... that structure.)
Ramana: ´’†ç É¢√y∞¡ •ßª’öÀÈé∞¡x™‰ç. Åçûª
¢√†í¬ ÖçC.
Sumana: ´’J shopping îËߪ÷L éπü∆?
Ramana: Í®°æ¤ îËü∆l癉.
Sumana: Ñ®ÓV éÌØ√-Lq†N î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ÅN
Åçûª ´·êu-¢Á’i-†N.
Ramana: Å´¤†’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC. Í®°æ-öÀ-ü∆é¬ Ç°æ-™‰-†çûª
Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†N éπü∆?
Sumana: Å®·ûË ´’†ç °æ‹Jhí¬ ûªúÕ-Æ œ-§Ú-ßË’çûª
¢√†í¬ ÖçC. ´’Í®ç îËü∆lç?
Ramana: ã í∫çö«T •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωü∆ç.
Sumana: Å°æp-öÀéÀ shops ÅFo ´‚ÊÆ-≤ƒh®Ω’.
Ramana: Auto ™ ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç.
2
ÉD so... that Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. Ééπ\úø ´’†ç í∫´’-Eç-î√-
Lq† N≠æߪ’ç: so ûª®√yûª adjective/ adverb, ü∆E
ûª®√yûª that ®√´ôç.
a) She hates him so much that (so + much
(adverb) + that) she doesn't want to talk to
him
Åûª-úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç É≠ædç-™‰-ü∆-¢Á’èπ◊. Åçûªí¬
ÅûªúÕE üËy≠œ-≤ÚhçC.
b) He is so tall that he can touch the ceiling
fan =
ceiling fan
†’ û√éπ-í∫-©çûª §Òúø´¤ Åûªúø’.
(so + tall (adj) + that)
鬕öÀd 'so' É™« ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E ûª®√yûª adjective/
(Å®·ûË present day (É°æpöÀ) American usage
™, so ûª®√yûª that ´C-™‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
He is so tall he can touch the fan.
É™« ņôç American usage ™ ûª®Ω’îª÷
NE°œÆæ’hçô’çC.)
O’éÀ-°æp-öÀéÀ Å®Ωn-´’ßË’u Öçô’çC- so ... that éÀ,
´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o too ...
infinitive éÀ î√™« ü¿í∫_®Ω Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçü¿E.
The car is so expensive that ordinary peo-
ple can't buy it = The car is too expensive
for ordinary people to buy it. =
È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ éπü∆. Å®·ûË too ... +
infinitive sentence simple
Å®·ûË, í¬ ÖçúÕ
conversation effective
í¬ Öçô’çC.
Too ... infinitive ¢√úø-í∫-L-TûË, ÅüË so that ...
éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-í∫E ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
Compare:
a) It's too heavy for me to carry.
b) It is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
îª÷úøçúÕ: so ... that Ö†o sentence (b) ¶«í¬
§Òúø’í¬_ ÖçC. éÌçûª ÆæçéÀx-≠dçæ í¬ èπÿú≈ ÖçC éπü∆.
c) It is too difficult for me to understand
d) It is so difficult that I can't understand it.
c) éπçõ‰ (d) complicated í¬ ÖçC éπü∆?
so ... that practice îËߪ’çúÕ, é¬F too ... infinitive
áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøçúÕ.
ANSWER
Ramana: The rain is so heavy/ It's raining so
heavily that we can't go out.
Sumana: But we've to do shopping.
Ramana: Let's do it tomorrow.
Sumana: Some of the things are so important
that we have to buy them today.
Ramana: Yes, I remember. Some of the
things are so important that they
have to be bought/ we have buy
them today.
Sumana: The rain is so heavy that we will be
drenched. What shall we do?
Ramana: Let's start after an hour.
Sumana: By then the shops will all have
closed.
Ramana: We'll take an auto.