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with input.
2.3 The Darlington stage
When input signal is in positive half:
to
Speaker and to mass.
In this case, Q4 is inverse bias=> Q2 doesnt draw current.
When input signal is in negative half:
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
11
.
In this case, Q3 is inverse bias=> Q1 doesnt work.
3. Design equations and calculation
3.1. For the Darlington stage
3 =
= (
2
)
2
2(
1
+
).
2
We choose R1
= 2
+
1
) = 2 3 8.68 = 7.22
1
+
=
7.22
0.68 + 8
= 0.83
With =0.8,
=
7.22
0.8
= 9.025
We choose VCC = 10V, and VEE = -10V
=
2
2
(
1
+
)
= 7.33
1
= 0.05 ( )
1=
0.05 + 0.83 = 0.88
1
=
1
2
0.88
2
0.68 = 0.26
1
=
1
= 7.33 3 0.26 = 4.07
1 :
+) > 4.07
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
12
+)
> 2
= 20
+)
> 2
= 2 0.88 = 1.76
, , : 1 = 22073
2 = 2940
:
1
= 0.88 =>
1
=
2073
=
0.88
75
= 12
To protect Q1 and Q2, as well as make Q3 and Q4 stable, we add R3 and R4
into the circuit.
:
3,4
=
1
10
= 1.2
=>
3
= 12 + 1.2 = 13.2
3 = 4 = 220
,
,
3 = 22073
4 = 2940
3.2. For the middle stage
Since diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 work with small current, we choose
D1= D2=D3=D4=D5=D1N4007
Characteristics of D1N4007 is:
+)
= 1
+)
= 0.7
= 10
Choose R5:
5 =
= 860
, 5 = 1 (2)
5
=
= 8.6
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
13
5
=
5
+
= 19.3
6
= 4 15
6
15
= 47 6
4
= 175
, 6 = 100
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
= 4 0.6 = 2.4
_
= 4 0.7 = 2.8
= 10
= 2.4 2.8, :
7
_
3
10
= 30 7
_
3
10
= 70
, 7 = 75
,
5
.
=
6
, 2
=
6
+
5
.
+ 3
+
7
+
6
.
=
2
5
.
3
6
.
6
+
7
5 :
5
=
5
=
_3_
=
3
75 + 1
=
13.2
75 + 1
= 0.17
= 0.7
= 10
,
5
= 10 + 0.17 = 10.17
5 (10, 10)
5
=
5
(
6
+
_
) = 19.3 (10 + 2.8) = 6.5
5
=
5
= (0.17)(6.5) = 1.105
6
=
6
= (0.17)(10) = 1.7
5 6 :
+) > 2 1.7 = 3.4
+)
> 2
= 20
+)
> 2
= 2 10 = 20
, , : 5 = 2940; 6 = 22073
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
14
3.3. For the differential stage
The differential stage has function of reduce noise in the changing noise.
Combining with negative feedback from Darlington circuit (third stage), this first
stage play a very important role in quality of amplifier.
, :
6
=
3
75
=
0.17
75
= 2.27,
6
0.7
,
11
6
, ,
6
,
11
11
= 75
6
= 0.17
9
=
11
+
6
0.17
11
+
11
12 =
10
+
10
11,
8
=
9
=
10
=
11
, 11 = 12
, : 9 = 10
7
=
8
+
9
= 2 0.17 = 0.34
7
0.1 10,
8
10
= 1 8
1
= 10
, 8 = 1.5
7, 8, 9, 10 11 :
+)
8
=
9
> 0.17 10 = 1.7
+)
7
> 2
8
= 3.4
+)
> 2
9
= 2 0.17 = 0.34
, 9 11; 8 10
, , : 7 = 8 = 9 = 21015
10 = 11 = 23904
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
15
The rest components are chosen based on the previous lab in this course.
4. Simulation Results
Testing with sinusoidal signal input (red)
We get the in-phase amplified output (green)
Figure 3: input and output waveform
Figure 4: bandwidth
Some snap shots of DC current and DC voltage.
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16
Figure 5: DC current
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17
Figure 6: DC voltage
Figure 7: DC power
5. Results
Figure 8: input and output waveform
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
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Figure 9: waveform at 20Hz and 20kHz
Conclusion: in theory, our project worked very well. It nearly was successful
in the first time testing.
6. Printed Circuit Board
Figure 10: The printed board that we implemented into the real one.
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
09ECE | Group13 | NguyenNgocMinh | NgoTranDucThang | NguyenXuanTien
1
Figure 11: The revised version of PCB after remove some mirror components.
Comment:
- The first Board (figure 10) is the one that we took to make DEMO. When testing
in theory, we didnt receive any error. Unfortunately, when implementing
directly to the real Board, since were just amateur in the first time doing this,
this board didnt work. We did try to check error in weld beads and fixed them,
but it still didnt work. Its so shame if we blamed this for lacking of time, but its
our current situation.
- The second board is the one that we did try to eliminate some components in
the protecting part of Darlington circuit, since we did test and realized that this
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
09ECE | Group13 | NguyenNgocMinh | NgoTranDucThang | NguyenXuanTien
2
part is somehow unnecessary. We remove them to make the circuit simpler
when implementing. Since we dont have chance to make it real, I just attached
here for referencing, for letting you know that we did really try for this project.
7. Price
Components Quantity Price Total
2SA940 3 3500 10500
Q2SC2073 3 3500 10500
Q2N3904 2 1000 2000
Q2SA1015 3 500 1500
2200F 25V 1 4800 4800
10F 2 500 1000
0.1F 1 400 400
8nF 1 100 100
1N4007 5 400 2000
Resistors 13 85 1105
R 3W 0.68 2 1900 3800
37705
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
09ECE | Group13 | NguyenNgocMinh | NgoTranDucThang | NguyenXuanTien
3
IV. Conclusion
After this lab, we are able to design a three stages amplifier with differential input.
Besides, we also recognized the importance of the Darlington circuit and got some
experiences in building the real board circuit. Finally, in addition to the received
knowledge getting from the laboratory, we also studied some of soft skills such as
how to synthesis knowledge from many sources and team work skill.
Instructor: NguyenVanTuan LabAssitance: NguyenTrungKien
09ECE | Group13 | NguyenNgocMinh | NgoTranDucThang | NguyenXuanTien
4
V. References
1. 47387319-K-thut-mch-in-t-Phm-minh-Ha-in-t-tng-t.pdf
2. Microelectronic Circuit Design 3rd edition by R. Jaeger.pdf
3. Lectures of instructor.
4. Transistor Nhat (nhung transistor thong dung o Danang).pdf