CEN Workshop 10 European Handbook for Defence Procurement

Expert Group 2 Energetic Materials

Final Report













Brussels, June 30, 2011
Table of Contents


List of Members

1. References and Vocabulary

2. Introduction

2.1 Generic Introduction
2.2 Specific Introduction

3. Scope

4. Reduction Process

5. Recommendations for Best Practice

5.1 Energetic Materials Ingredients
5.2 Energetic Materials Qualification
5.3 Energetic Materials Storage and Transportation
5.4 Energetic Materials Glossary

6. Recommendations for Future Standardization

7. Conclusions

Annex

List of Standards to be transferred to EG10
List of Standards to be transferred to EG10

List of Members


Country
Code


Full Name,
Organization


e-mail address



NATO

Darko Topler, NSA

Convenor


d.topler@nsa.nato.int


AFNOR


Elie Raad, AFNOR

Sandrine Delalieux, AFNOR

Secretariat


elie.raad@afnor.org

sandine.delalieux@afnor.org


FRA


Yves Guengant, SNPE

y.guengant@snpe.com


FRA


Patrick Lamy, DGA

patrick.lamy@dga.defense.gouv.fr


FRA


Michel Vives, MBDA

michel.vives@mbda-systems.com

M
e
m
b
e
r
s


POL


Katarzyna Lipinska, MESKO


k.lipinska@mesko.com.pl



1. References and Vocabulary

NATO AOP-38 (Edition 6) Specialist Glossary of Terms and Definitions Related to
Ammunition Safety (see 3.5)
REACH Regulation (EC) N1907/2006 Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and
Reastriction of Chemicals and its linked addendum or corrigendum
CLP Regulation (EC) N1272/2008 Classification Labelling and Packaging and its
linked addendum or corrigendum and its Adaptation to Technical Progress (ATP).
European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous goods by
Road (ADR).
CEN/WS10/N0018 - General framework paper - final version
CEN/WS10/N0022 - Template for drafting recommendations
CEN/WS10/N0027Rev3 - Template for presenting Best Practice standards


2. Introduction

2.1 Generic introduction

The European Commission requested the European Committee for Standardization to
establish Workshop 10 to improve the efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of
European Defence Industry. The European Handbook for Defence Procurement, EHDP, has
been prepared by Experts Groups reporting to CEN Workshop 10. This document is a guide
designed as a tool for anyone involved in the European defence procurement contractual
negotiations.


The primary target audiences for the Handbook are:
The staff in the ministries of defence who are producing procurement specifications
and invitations to tender
the staff in defence companies who are responding to those requirements

EHDP is designed to provide Defence Procurement Agencies and Defence Industries with a
preferential list of selected recommended standards qualified as best practice ones to be
included in armament contracts together with concise recommendations for an optimum use
of those standards in such a Defence Procurement context.
Those types of resulting informative data could be used in the acquisition process by MoD
and in the development process by Industry such that system will be built faster, better and
cheaper.
The aim of a recommendation is to develop good practices in the domain addressed by the
Expert Group and to assist the final user in using recommended best practices standards in the
best cost-effective way.

Increasing the controlled use of existing standardization, a necessity to harmonise
European practices used by defence procurement stakeholders.

The objective is to deploy a common approach through Nations Procurement agencies
about an optimized utilization of standards : civil ones and military ones, the possible
limitations of civilian standards with respect to military applications, to provide a
useful guide to all stakeholders involved in defence procurement process

Description of how to implement standards successfully in armament contracts

The overall result will be a better use of standards in armament contracts

Recommendations are, during the drafting process, designed to allow EHDP final users to be
provided with the right information for timely and quickly acquiring the best control in
writing standards clausis related to the selected material, in armaments contracts. Thats why
the volume of recommendations will be accordingly fully compatible with respect to EHDP
vocation and purpose.


2.2 Specific Introduction

In Phase I of CEN/WS10, Expert Group 2 on Energetic Materials (EG2) was created, with the
aim to collect and review standards related to energetic materials and prepare
recommendations for which of these standards should be included in the European Handbook
for Defence Procurement (EHDP) to be used as best practice within defence procurement in
Europe.

EG2 produced its Final Report (Phase I) on 22 June 2005. The format of the
recommendations contained therein was freelance, as in Phase I no overall agreed and
prescribed format, to be used by all EGs, existed.

In Phase II, WS10 agreed on a format for the recommendations, which was used by all EGs of
Phase II. During Phase II, EG2 remained in a dormant status.

EG2 was revived in Phase III and tasked to review its Phase I recommendations and reissue
them in the format agreed in Phase II. During Phase III, the group held four meetings, namely
on 27 April, 28 April, 14 September, and 25 November 2010.

EG2 has identified a list of 42 best practices standards. This document aims at providing
recommendations on the best use of those best practice standards in armament contracts.
Those standards will be listed, presented (scope), commented as far as the reasons for their
selection (reduction process) and the way of implementing them in contracts according a
tailored approach (recommendation for best practices) are concerned.
Furthermore, an additional feature will focus on possible findings resulting in
recommendations impacting the related standardization process to meet up identified needs.
General conclusions will sum up the main axis revealed by the investigation work carried out
by experts along the recommendation drafting process.


3. Scope

The scope of EG2 recommendations on best practice standards includes NATO standards and
UN Orange Book Tests and Criteria related to:

specifications for energetic materials and their ingredients
principles, requirements, test methods and procedures to be used for the Qualification
of energetic materials
Classification for manufacturing, storage and transportation of energetic materials
terms and definitions related to ammunition safety, also covering energetic materials
safety

The use of all standards has to take into account the REACH Regulation (Registration,
Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals substances) and CLP Regulation
(Classification, labelling and packaging).
General recommendation is to use the last edition of the standards.


4. Reduction Process

Almost half of the EG2 meetings in Phase I were spent to agree on the scope of work. After
lengthy discussions, the group made three basic decisions: first, to focus its work on the safety
and suitability for service (S3) of energetic materials; second, to expand its initial scope to
include S3 and demolition aspects of ammunition; and third, to concentrate on NATO
standards.

In Phase II of CEN/WS10, EG10 Ammunition was created which produced a Final Report
on 21 April 2008. This report contained some standards which also had been considered in the
EG2 Final Report (Phase I), for the reasons explained above.

In Phase III, the Expert Group on Disposal of Munitions (EG19) was created. Some standards
related to that topic were included in the EG2 Phase I Final Report.

EG2 found itself in the difficult situation that half of the members of EG2 in Phase I were no
longer members of the group, and that half of the nominated members could not attend the
Phase III meetings. As a result, the EG2 meetings in Phase III were, apart from the Convenor
and the Secretary, attended by one (first and second meeting), two (third meeting) and four
(fourth meeting) national experts.

Facing this difficult personnel situation, on the one hand, and the short time available on the
other, the group decided to review its Phase I recommendations and strictly confine its Phase
III activities to the following:

1. include standards that have been promulgated since the time when the Phase I Final Report
was issued;

2. remove standards that have been cancelled since the time when the Phase I Final Report
was issued;

3. remove standards that have been considered in the EG10 Phase II recommendations, with
exceptions of standards that apply for both energetic materials and ammunition safety;

4. remove standards that belong into the domain of EG10, and provide a list of these standards
to EG10;

5. remove standards that belong into the domain of EG19, and provide a list of these standards
to EG19;

6. draft its Phase III recommendations for groups of standards, rather for individual standards,
in the format prescribed.


5. Recommendations for Best Practice

5.1 Energetic Materials - Ingredients

Standard (or set of standards) : Identification, scope and information on the source

Set of standards containing specifications for energetic materials and their
ingredients:

NATO STANAG 4021 (Specification for CE)
NATO STANAG 4022 (Specification for RDX)
NATO STANAG 4023 (Specification for PETN)
NATO STANAG 4024 (Specification for AN)
NATO STANAG 4025 (Specification for TNT)
NATO STANAG 4026 (Specification for Pictrite (Nitroguanidine))
NATO STANAG 4041 (Specification for DNT)
NATO STANAG 4178 (Specification for NC)
NATO STANAG 4230 (Specification for HNS)
NATO STANAG 4284 (Specification for HMX)
NATO STANAG 4299 (Specification for Ammonium Perchlorate)
NATO STANAG 4300 (Specification for Aluminum Powder)
NATO STANAG 4543 (Specification for NTO)
NATO STANAG 4566 (Specification for CL-20)

Scope:

The objective of these agreements is to establish common minimum specifications to
ensure that energetic materials and ingredients are suitable for military use and for
deliveries from one NATO nation to another. The specified requirements concern the
composition, appearance and chemical properties of energetic materials and ingredients.
The documents specify the characteristics required and the test methods to determine
them.

Source: www.nato.int/nsa
Why chosen as best practice?
The above set of standards is the only one internationally agreed and used for the subject
matter and has been proven suitable for many years.
How to use it (them)
In order to ensure smooth procurement, energetic materials and ingredients of energetic
materials should comply with the specified requirements. These requirements can be
verified by using the test methods mentioned in the specifications.
What is missing?
N/A
5.2 Energetic Materials - Qualification

Standard (or set of standards) : Identification, scope and information on the source

Set of standards containing principles, requirements, test methods and procedures to
be used for the Qualification of energetic materials:

1. NATO STANAG 4170 Ed.2 (Principles and Methodology) and AOP-7 Ed.2
(Data Requirements and Tests)

2. NATO STANAGs providing test methods and procedures for the determination of
chemical, physical and mechanical properties of explosive materials

NATO STANAG 4147 (Chemical Compatibility)
NATO STANAG 4443 (Unaxial Compressive Test)
NATO STANAG 4487 (Friction Sensitivity Tests)
Procedure A corresponding to UN test 3(b)(i)
Procedure B corresponding to UN test 3(b)(ii)
NATO STANAG 4488 (Shock Sensitivity Tests)
Procedure B corresponding to UN test 1(a) and 2(a)
Procedure C corresponding to UN test 7(b)
NATO STANAG 4489 (Impact Sensitivity Tests)
Procedure A corresponding to UN test 3(a)(v)
Procedure B corresponding to UN test 3(a)(iii)
Procedure C corresponding to UN test 3(a)(ii)
NATO STANAG 4490 (Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Tests)
NATO STANAG 4491 (Thermal Sensitiveness and Explosiveness Tests)
Procedure C1 corresponding to UN test 1(b) and 2(b)
Procedure C3 corresponding to UN test 7(e) and 7(f)
NATO STANAG 4506 (Uni-Axial Tensile Test)
NATO STANAG 4507 (Stress Relaxation Test in Tension)
NATO STANAG 4515 (Thermal Characterisation by DTA, DSC and TGA)
NATO STANAG 4525 (Thermomechanical Analysis)
NATO STANAG 4540 (Procedures for DMA)
NATO STANAG 4556 (Vacuum Stability Test)
corresponding to UN test 3(c)
NATO STANAG 4581 (Assessment of Ageing Characteristics)
NATO STANAG 4582 (NC based Propellants-stability test using HF calorimetry)
NATO STANAG 4620 (Stability Test using Stabilizer Depletion) and
AOP-48 (Ageing)

Scope:

1. STANAG 4170 and AOP-7
1.1 The objective of STANAG 4170, covering AOP-7, is to establish the concept and
requirement for the Assessment and Qualification of explosive materials by a National
Authority for military use by NATO nations.
1.2 The objective of AOP-7, covered by STANAG 4170, is to supplement STANAG 4170
by providing more detailed guidance according to the intended role of the explosive
materials and identifying the organizational elements and unique national requirements
involved in the explosive materials development and Qualification process for each
participating country.

2. The objective of the set of test standards is to provide test methods and procedures
for the determination of chemical, physical mechanical and sensitivity properties of
explosive materials.
Source: www.nato.int/nsa
Why chosen as best practice?

The above set of standards is the only one internationally agreed and used for the subject
matter and has been proven suitable for many years.
How to use it (them)

1. STANAG 4170 and AOP-7 shall be applied to ensure that only explosive materials
sufficiently characterized and assessed as possessing properties making them safe and
suitable for consideration for military use are qualified for an intended role. For each
specific application of the explosive material qualified for an intended role, an additional
assessment is necessary to determine whether that explosive can be used.

2. The standardized test methods and procedures must be applied in order to facilitate
cross-procurement and to ensure that ammunition and other explosive stores have been
designed and manufactured with proper regard to the respective properties and safety
requirements.
What is missing?
N/A

5.3 Energetic Materials Storage and Transportation


Standard (or set of standards) : Identification, scope and information on the source

Set of standards related to storage and transportation of energetic materials:

1. NATO STANAG 4440 and AASTP-1
(Safety Principles for the Storage of Military Ammunition and Explosives)

2. NATO STANAG 4441 and AASTP-2
(Safety Principles for the Transport of Military Ammunition and Explosives)

3. NATO STANAG 4123 and AASTP-3
(Principles for the Hazard Classification of Military Ammunition and Explosives)

4. UN Orange Book (Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods,
Manual of Tests and Criteria)

Scope:

1. The objective of STANAG 4440 is to promote the use, updating and application of
AASTP-1. The objective of AASTP-1 is to establish safety principles to be used as a
guide between host countries and NATO forces in the development of the mutually
agreeable regulations for the layout of ammunition storage depots and for the storage of
conventional ammunition and explosives therein.

2. The objective of STANAG 4441 is to promote the use, updating and application of
AASTP-2. The objective of AASTP-2 is to establish safety principles and procedures to
be used by NATO forces in host countries during the transport of conventional military
ammunition and explosives by all modes of transport. The recommendations focus upon
the transport of MILITARY ammunition and explosives which are robustly designed for
rough handling under wartime conditions and for storage for long periods of time.
Continuous condition checks are performed by trained quality assurance personnel to
assure that no degradation occurs. The packaging further supports that design and the
result is a product which is extremely safe to handle and transport within the civilian
community. In different modes of transport carriage of military ammunition and
explosives will be done by civilian or military means. Detailed information for these
circumstances are also given in the document.

3. The objective of STANAG 4123 is to promote the use, updating and application of
AASTP-3. The objective of AASTP-3 is to provide a common basis for use by NATO
nations in assessing the risks generated by military ammunition and explosives during
transport and storage and to determine their classification. The purpose of using hazard
divisions is to simplify the task of making regulations for safe transport and storage, and
to facilitate the observance of such regulations by identifying packages or articles by a
simple numerical code.
4. The UN Orange Book provides tests, methods and criteria for the worldwide transport
of dangerous goods, including explosive materials. STANAG 4441 and AASTP-2 fully
take into account the UN regulations. These tests, UN Orange Book methods and criteria
are required by the CLP Regulation and by the European Agreement ADR.
Source: www.nato.int/nsa
Why chosen as best practice?

The above set of standards is the only one internationally agreed and used for the subject
matter and has been proven suitable for many years.
How to use it (them)

1. AASTP-1 is a manual to serve as a guide for authorities who are engaged in the
planning and construction of ammunition storage depots of a capacity of not less than 500
kg of Net Explosive Quantity (NEQ) per storage site and for those who are responsible
for the safe storage of ammunition. The manual does not authorize the use of the
principles and criteria without consent of the host countries. NEQ per storage site of less
than 500 kg are given special treatment.

2. The principles established in AASTP-2 which apply to the movement of ammunition in
peacetime should also be taken in consideration in times of tension and war whenever
practicable and are also intended to form the basis of national regulations. These
principles may also prove useful outside the NATO area where two or more member
nations are acting together, bearing in mind such nations would expect to operate under
the local rules of a (non-NATO) host nation. Some countries may not have regulations for
the transport of military ammunition and explosives in all modes of transport and may use
these regulations alone. Other countries may have more stringent regulations to be
observed by visiting forces. The principles are not intended to inhibit a visiting force from
applying its own more stringent regulations. This manual is not intended to be a substitute
either for international codes, recommendations or regulations, or for national regulations,
but should be used in conjunction with them.

3. The criteria described in AASTP-3 should be used to assess the transport and storage
risks of and attribute the correct hazard division and compatibility group to a given
substance or article, to calculate the NEQ for storage purposes, and to show which
explosives may be stored or transported together.

4. The regulations contained in the UN Orange Book are implemented in the national
laws of the European nations.
What is missing?
N/A

5.4 Energetic Materials - Glossary

Standard (or set of standards) : Identification, scope and information on the source

Standard containing terms and definitions related to energetic materials:

NATO AOP-38 Specialist Glossary of Terms and Definitions Related to Ammunition
Safety

Scope:

AOP-38 provides NATO agreed definitions for terms related to ammunition safety,
including energetic materials safety.

Source: www.nato.int/nsa
Why chosen as best practice?
The above standards is the only one internationally agreed and used for the subject matter
and has been proven suitable for many years.
How to use it (them)
Agreed definitions for terms used in the standards recommended above can be found in
AOP-38.

What is missing?
N/A

6. Recommendations for Future Standardization

EG 2 suggests to maintain the list of recommended standards on a regular basis.


7. Conclusions

In order to ensure a common understanding, to enhance energetic materials and ammunitions
safety, and to make best use of limited defense ressources, it is highly recommended to agree
on a minimum set of test methods for explosives for military use, as it is the case for
explosives for civil use.
Therefore, European standardisation agencies should go further in terms of selection of best
practice standards, especially in the above mentionned domain.




































Annex

List of Standards to be Transferred to EG10

The following standards were included in the EG 2 Phase I final report but are not included in
the EG 10 final report and therefore are proposed to be transferred to EG 10.

AOP-8 (NATO Fuze characteristics catalogue) linked to STANAG 4326
AOP-16 (Fuzing systems: Safety design guides) linked to STANAG 4187
AOP-21 (Fuzing systems: Manual of development, characterisation and safety test methods
and procedures for lead and booster for explosive components) linked to STANAG 4363
AOP-22 (Design criteria and test methods for inductive setting of electronic projectile fuzes)
linked to STANAG 4369
AOP-34 (Vibration tests for munitions carried in tracked vehicles) and STANAG 4242
AOP-38 (AC/326 glossary of terms and definitions concerning the safety and suitability for
service of munitions, explosives and related products)
AOP-43 (Electro-explosive device, assessment and test methods for characterisation
Guidelines for STANAG 4560) linked to STANAG 4560

STANAG 2916 (Nose fuze contours and matching projectile cavities for artillery and mortar
projectiles)
STANAG 3786 (Safety design requirements for airborne dispenser weapons)
STANAG 4238 (Munition design principles, electrical / electromagnetic environments)
STANAG 4242 (Vibration tests for munitions carried in tracked vehicles)
STANAG 4325 (Environmental and safety tests for the appraisal of air-launched munitions)
STANAG 4326 (NATO fuze characteristics data)
STANAG 4333 (Underwater munitions, principles for safe design)
STANAG 4337 (Surface-launched munitions appraisal, safety and environmental tests)
STANAG 4338 (Underwater launched munitions, safety evaluation)
STANAG 4363 (Fuzing systems development testing for the assessment of lead and booster
explosive components)
STANAG 4369 (Design requirements for inductive setting of electronic projectile fuzes)
STANAG 4432 (Air-launched guided munitions, principles for safe design)
STANAG 4526 (Shaped charge jet, munition test procedures)
STANAG 4547 (Inductive setting of medium calibre electronic projectile fuzes, design
requirements)


List of Standards to be Transferred to EG19

The following standards were included in the EG 2 Phase I final report and are proposed to be
transferred to EG 19.

AOP-31 (Demolition material; Design principles) linked to STANAG 2818
AOP-32 (Demolition material; Assessment and testing of safety and suitability for service)
linked to STANAG 2818
STANAG 2818 (Characteristics of demolition accessories to determine their operational
interchangeability)
STANAG 4518 (Safe disposal of munitions, design principles and requirements and safety
assessment)