Applied-On Certain Generalized Modified Beta Operators-Sangeetha Garg

Impact Factor(JCC): 1.4507 - This article can be downloaded from www.impactjournals.
us

IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied,
Natural and Social Sciences (IMPACT: IJRANSS)
ISSN(E): 2321-8851; ISSN(P): 2347-4580
Vol. 2, Issue 7, Jul 2014, 95-106
Impact Journals

ON CERTAIN GENERALIZED MODIFIED BETA OPERATORS
PRERNA MAHESHWARI SHARMA
1
& SANGEETA GARG
2

1
Department of Mathematics, SRM University, NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Research Scholar, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT
In the present paper we study about the Stancu variants of modified Beta operators. We obtain some direct results
in simultaneous approximation and asymptotic formula for these operators. We also modify these operators so as to
preserve the linear moments, by applying the Kings approach.
KEYWORDS: Simultaneous Approximation, Modified Beta Operators, Kings Approach, Stancu Type Operators,
Asymptotic Formula, Peetres K-Functional
AMS: Primary 41a25, 41a35
1. INTRODUCTION
Stancu type generalization of Bernstein polynomials was introduced by Stancu [10] as
( ) ( ), ,
,
0
x p
n
k
f x f S
k
n
n
k
n
= 1 0 x (1.1)
where ( )
( ) ( )
( )
=

=
+
+ +
=
1
0
1
0
1
0
,
1
1
n
s
k
s
k n
s k
n
s
s x s x
k
n
x p

As a special case if o = 1, we get the classical Bernstein polynomials. Starting with two parameters o and
[ satisfying u o [ in the year 1983, Stancu [11] gave the other generalization of the operators (1.1) as follows
( ) ( ) , ,
0
,
,
+
+
=

k
k
f x p x f S
n
k
k n n
(1.2)
where ( ) ( ) , 1
,
k n k
k n
x x
k
n
x p

= (1.3)
is the Bernstein basis function.
In the year 2010, Buyukyazici and collaborators [1] and [2] have proposed the Stancu variants of several well
known operators and estimated some direct results. Recently Gupta-Yadav [4] established some interesting results for
BBS operators. Motivating with their work, we propose Stancu type generalization of modified Beta operators (1.1).
96 Prerna Maheshwari Sharma & Sangeeta Garg

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Foru o [, Stancu type generalization for modified Beta operators is as follows
( ) ( ) ( ) ,
1
,
0
,
0
,
,
dt
n
nt
f t p x b
n
n
x f P
v n
v
v n n

+
+

) , 0 [ x (1.4)
where
b
n,
(x) =
1
B(: + 1, n)
x
(1 + x)
-(n++1)
,
p
n,
(t) = _
n +: 1
:
] t
(1 + t)
-(n+)

The operators P
n
u,[
are called modified Beta-Stancu operators. For o = [ = u, the operators (1.4) reduce to the
modified Beta operators defined by Gupta-Ahmad [4], as
( ) ( ) ( ) , ) (
1
,
0
,
0
,
dt t f t p x b
n
n
x f P
v n
v
v n n

=

[ ) , 0 x (1.5)
b
n,
(x) and p
n,
(t) are defined as above. Some approximation properties of these operators were discussed by
Maheshwari [6] and [7], Maheshwari-Gupta [8], and Maheshwari-Sharma [9] etc.
In the analysis, Hewitt-Stromberg [5] showed that the operators P
n
are linear positive operators.
Also P
n
u,[
(1, x) = 1, howsoever smooth the function may be, it turns out the order of approximation for the operators
(1.4) are at best of 0(n
-1
).
2. BASIC RESULTS
In this section, we give certain lemmas, which will be useful for the proof of main theorem.
Lemma-1 [3]: If for m e Z
+
and x e |u, ),
u
n,m
(x) =
1
n
b
n,
(x)
=0
[
:
n + 1
x
m

then there exists the following recurrence relation-
(n + 1)u
n,m+1
(x) = x(1 + x)|u
n,m
(x) + mu
n,m-1
(x)|

Consequently
u
n,m
(x)

is a polynomial in x of degree m .
u
n,m
(x) = 0(n
-|m+12]
) where |] denotes the integral part of .
Lemma-2 [3]: There exists the polynomial q
,],
(x) independent of n onJ :, such that
x
(1 + x)
Jx
(1 + x)
n+
= (n + 1)
|: (n + 1)x]
]
q
,],
(x)
x
(1 + x)
n+
2+]<,
,]>0

On Certain Generalized Modified Beta Operators 97

Impact Factor(JCC): 1.4507 - This article can be downloaded from www.impactjournals.us

Lemma-3: Let be r times (r = 1,2,S, .) differentiable on R
+
, then
P
n,u,[
(r)
(, x) =
(n r 1)! (n + r 1)!
n! (n 2)!
_
n
n + [
]
b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t)
()
_
nt + o
n + [
] Jt
Proof: We have
P
n,u,[
(r)
(, x) = _
n 1
n
] b
n,
()
=0
(x) _p
n,
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
] Jt.
Using Leibnitz theorem for x
P
n,u,[
(r)
(, x) = _
n 1
n
] [
r
i
(n +: +r i)!
(n 1)! (: i)!
=0
(1)
-
x
-

(1 +x)
n++1+-

_p
n,
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
]
0
Jt
= _
n 1
n
]
(n + : + r)!
(n 1)! :!
=0
.
x
(1 + x)
n+++1
_(1)
-
=0
0
[
r
i
p
n,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
] Jt
=
(n 1)(n + r 1)!
n!
b
n+,
=0
(x) _(1)
-
=0
0
[
r
i
p
n,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
] Jt
Again using Leibnitz theorem, we get
p
n-,+
()
(t) =
(n 1)!
(n r 1)!
(1)
=0
[
r
i
p
n,+
(t)
Hence we get
P
,u,[
(r)
(, x) =
(n r 1)! (n + r 1)!
(n 2)! n!
b
n+,
=0
(x) _(1)
p
n-,+
()
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
] Jt
Solving integrals by parts r times, we have the required Lemma
P
n,u,[
()
(, x) =
(n r 1)! (n + r 1)!
n! (n 2)!
_
n
n + [
]
b
n+,
=0
(x)
_p
n-,+
0
(t)
()
_
nt + o
n + [
] Jt
Lemma-4: Let Us Define
I
,n,m
u,[
(x) = _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t)
0
_
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt


Then, we have
I
,n,0
u,[
(x) = 1, (2.1)
I
,n,1
u,[
(x) =
(n r 2)(o [x) +n{(2r +S)x +(r + 1)]
(n + [)(n r 2)
(2.2)
I
n,,2
u,[
(x) =
(o [x)
2
(n r 2) + 2n(o [x){(2r +S)x +(r + 1)]
(n +[)
2
(n r 2)
+ _
n
n + [
]
2

x
2
_
(2n 1) +(2r +S)
(2r +S)
_ +x _
(2n 1) +(2r +S)(r +2)
+(2r +S)(r +1)
_ +(r +1)(r +2)
(n r 2)(n r S)
(2.S)
and the following recurrence relation is satisfied
n + [
n
(n r m 2)I
,n,m+1
u,[
(x)
= x(1 + x) jI
,n,m
u,[,
(x) + mI
,n,m-1
u,[
(x)[ + _
o
n + [
x] __
o
n +[
x]
n +
n
1_ mI
,n,m-1
u,[
(x)
+ j(m +r + 1) +
n+
n
[
u
n+[
x (n i 2m 2) + (n + r + 1)x[ I
,n,m
u,[
(x) (2.4)
Further, for all x e |u, ), we have
I
,n,m
u,[
(x) = 0_n
-j
m+1
2
[
]
where |p] is the integral part of p.
Proof: We Have Some Identities to Use in Our Proof
x(1 + x)b
n,
(x) = |: (n + 1)x]b
n,
(x),
t(1 + t)p
n,
(t) = |: nt]p
n,
(t)
Obviously (2.1)-(2.3) can be obtained by taking m = u,1,2 respectively in I
,n,m
u,[
. To prove recurrence formula,
taking first derivative of I
,n,m
u,[
with respect to x,
I
,n,m
u,[,
(x) = _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt mI
n,,m-1
u,[
(x)
I
,n,m
u,[,
(x) +mI
n,,m-1
u,[
(x) = _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
Multiplying by x(1 +x) on both sides and using identity (1), we have
x(1 + x) jI
n,,m
u,[,
(x) + mI
n,,m-1
u,[
(x)[


= _
n r 1
n + r
] x(1 + x)b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
= _
n i 1
n +r
] |: (n + r + 1)x]b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m
Jt
= _
n i 1
n +r
] b
n+,
(x)
=0
_(: (n +r + 1)x)p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
= _
n i 1
n +r
] b
n+,
(x)
=0

_|(: + r (n r)t) +(n r)t i (n + r + 1)x]p
n-,+
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
= _
n i 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _t(1 + t)p
n-,+
=0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
+
(n r)(n i 1)
n + r
b
n+,
(x) _tp
n-,+
=0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
|r + (n + r + 1)x]I
n,,m
u,[

Substituting
t = _
n + [
n
] __
nt + o
n + [
x] _
o
n + [
x]_
and Using the Identity (2), We Have
x(1 + x) jI
n,,m
u,[,
(x) + mI
n,,m-1
u,[
(x)[
= _
n + [
n
] |_
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m+1
Jt
=0

_
o
n + [
x] . _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n-,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m
Jt
0
]
+_
n + [
n
]
2
| _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m+2
Jt
=0

2 _
o
n + [
x] . _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m+1
Jt
0



+_
o
n + [
x]
2
. _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n-,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt]
0

+_
n + [
n
] (n r)|_
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m+1
Jt
=0

_
o
n + [
x] . _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m
Jt
0
]
|r + (n +r + 1)x]I
n,,m
u,[
(x).
Now Solving the Integrals by Parts, We Get
x(1 + x) jI
n,,m
u,[,
(x) + mI
n,,m-1
u,[
(x)[
= (m+ 1) _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
=0

+m_
o
n + [
x] _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n +[
x]
m-1
Jt
=0

+_
n + [
n
] |(m+ 2) _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m+1
Jt
=0

+2 _
o
n + [
x] (m +1) _
n r 1
n +r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m
Jt
=0

_
o
n + [
x]
2
m_
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
m-1
Jt]
=0

+_
n + [
n
] (n r)|_
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m+1
Jt
=0

_
o
n + [
x] . _
n r 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
(t) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
m
Jt
0
]
|r + (n +r + 1)x]I
n,,m
u,[
(x).
= (m + 1) _2 _
o
n + [
x] _
n +[
n
] 1_ I
n,,m
u,[
(x) + m_
o
n + [
x]
_1 _
o
n + [
x] _
n + [
n
]_ I
n,,m-1
u,[
(x) (m+ 2) _
n + [
n
] I
n,,m+1
u,[
(x)
+[
n+[
n
(n r) jI
n,,m+1
u,[
(x) [
u
n+[
x I
n,,m
u,[
(x)[ |r + (n + r + 1)x]I
n,,m
u,[
(x).


On rearranging both sides, we get the required recurrence formula (2.4) form u.
The Peetres K-Function
The Peetres K-functional is defined by
K
2
(, ) = in{[ g[ + [g"[ g e w
2
]
where
w
2
= {g e C
B
|u, ): g
, g" e C
B
|u, )], + a positive constant C > u such that
K
2
(, o) C
2
(, o), o > u,
where the second order modulus of smoothness is given by
2
(,
12
) = sup
0<h<V
sup
0<x<
|(x + 2b) 2(x + b) +(x)|.
Corollary 1: Let o be a positive integer, then for all n > y > u, and x e |u, ), there exists a positive
constant H depending upon m and x such that
_
n 1
n
] b
n,
=0
(x) _ p
n,
(t)t
y
Jt
|t-x|>
H n
-m
, m e N.
3. MAIN RESULTS
In this section we have some important theorems and obtain asymptotic formula.
Theorem 1: Let e has a derivative of order (r + 2) at a fixed point x e (u, ). is bounded on every finite
subinterval of R
+
. For some y > u, (t) = 0(t
y
), as
t - , we have
im
n-
nP
n,u,[
()
(, x)
()
(x) = i(2 + i )
()
(x) + |(1 + r + o) + (S + 2r [)]

(+1)
(x) +x(1 +)
(+2)
(x).
Proof: Using Taylor Series Expansion, We Have
(t) =
()
(x)
i!
+2
=0
(t x)
+ (t, x)(t x)
+2

where (t, x)(t x)
+2
is of exponential order as t - and (t, x) - u as t - x. Now from Lemma 3, we have
nP
n,u,[
()
(, x)
()
(x)
= nP
n,u,[
()

()
(x)
i!
+2
=0
(t x)
, x +nP
n,u,[
()
((t, x)(t x)
+2
, x) n
()
(x)


= n
(n r 2)! (n + r)!
n! (n 2)!
. _
n
n +
]
r

()
(x)
i!
+2
=0
. _
n i 1
n + r
] b
n+,
=0
(x) _p
n-,+
0
(t)
J
Jx
_
nt + o
n + [
x]
Jt
()
(x)
+n
(n r 2)! (n + r)!
n! (n 2)!
. _
n
n + [
]
1
()
(x)
n _
n 1
n
] b
n,
()
=0
(x) _p
n,
0
(t) _
nt + o
n + [
, x] _
nt + o
n + [
x]
+2
Jt
= n
(n r 2)! (n + r)!
n! (n 2)!
_
n
n +[
]
1
()
(x) + nI
n,,1
u,[
(x)
(+1)
(x) +
n
2!
I
n,,2
u,[
(x)

(+2)
(x) +
n,
(x) (S.1)
where
n,
(x) = (n 1) b
n,
()
=0
(x) _p
n,
0
(t)(t, x) _
nt + o
n + [
x]
+2
Jt
Tends to u as n - to show this we suppose
n
= x
(1 + x)
n,
(x), so that
n
- u as n - .
Hence using Lemma 2
|
n
| (n 1) (n + 1)
2+]<
,]>0
=0
|: (n +1)x|
]
q
,],
(x)b
n,
(x)
_p
n,
0
(t)(t, x) _
nt +o
n +[
x]
+2
Jt
(n 1)K(x) (n + 1)
2+]<
,]>0
b
n,
(x)
=0
|: (n +1)x|
]
_p
n,
0
(t)|(t, x)||t x|
+2
Jt
(n 1)K(x) (n + 1)
2+]<
,]>0
b
n,
(x)
=0
|: (n + 1)x|
2]
1
2

b
n,
(x)
=0
_p
n,
0
(t)|(t, x)||t x|
+2
Jt
2
1
2

where
K(x) = sup
2+]<
,]>0
q
,],
(x)


Here q
,],
(x) represents certain polynomials in x and independent of n onJ :. For a given > u, there exists a
o(, x) > u such that |(t, x)| oi u |t x| o and for |t x| o, we observe that |(t, x)| H|t x|
y
.
_p
n,
0
(t)|(t, x)||t x|
+2
Jt
2
_p
n,
0
(t)Jt_p
n,
0
(t)((t, x))
2
(t x)
2+
Jt
_
1
n 1
] _ p
n,
|t-x|<
(t)((t, x))
2
(t x)
2+
Jt
+ _
1
n 1
] _ p
n,
|t-x|>
(t)((t, x))
2
(t x)
2+
Jt
From Coioai 1, we have
b
n,
(x)
=0
_p
n,
0
(t)|(t, x)||t x|
+2
Jt
2

1
n 1
b
n,
(x)
=0
_p
n,
0
(t)
2
(t x)
2+
Jt +
2
n 1
b
n,
=0
(x) _ p
n,
(t)(t x)
2+2y+
Jt
|t-x|>

=
2
0(n
-(+)
) + 0(n
-(+1)
),
Now using Lemma 1, taking q > (r + 2) and n to be large enough, we get
|
n
| (n 1) K(x) n
+]
2+]<
,]>0
|n0(n
-]
)]
1
2
2
0(n
-(+)
) + 0(n
-(+1)
)
1
2

=
2
0(1) + 0(n
+-(+1)
)
1
2

0(1).
This shows that
n
- u as n - .
Hence in order to prove the theorem, we substitute the values of I
n,,1
u,[
(x) and I
n,,2
u,[
(x) from Lemma 4 in (3.1).
Suppose that C
B
|u, ) be the space of real valued continuous bounded functions on the interval [0,),
and let the norm [. [ on the space C
B
|u, ) be defined as
[[ = sup
0<x<
|(x)|.
Also using K-functional, defined in Section 4 and for e C
B
|u, ) the usual modulus of continuity is given by
(, o) = p
0<h<
p
0<x<
|(x +b) (x)|
Therefore, let us modify the operators (1.S)as


P
n
u,[
(, x) = P
n
u,[
(, x) x +
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 + Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)
+(x) (S.2)
Theorem 2: Let e C
B
|u, ), then v x e |u, ), and n e N, there exists an absolute constant K > u such that
P
n
u,[
(, x) (x) C
2
(,
n
(x)) + ,
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 + Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)
.
where
n
2
(x) =
(n 2)(o [x)
2
+ 2n(o [x)(1 + Sx)
(n + [)
2
(n 2)
+
2n
2
|(n + 7)x
2
+ (n +S)x + 1]
(n + [)
2
(n 2)(n S)

+2
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 + Sx)
n +[
x
2

Proof: Let g e w
2
. Then from Taylor expansion
g(t) = g(x ) + g
(x)(t x) +] (t )g
"
()
t
x
J, t|u, )\
Therefore from Lemma 4, we have
P
n
u,[
(g, x) g(x ) = g(x)P
n
u,[
(t x, x) + P
n
u,[
_(t )g
"
()
t
x
J, x
Hence
P
n
u,[
(g, x) g(x ) _P
n
u,[
_(t )g
"
()
t
x
J, x _
_ _x +
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 + Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)
_
x+
(n-2)(u-[x)+n(1+x)
(n-2)(n+[)
x
g
"
()J
P
n
u,[
((t x)
2
, x) + x +
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 +Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)
2
[g"[
=
n
2
(x)[g"[
For P
n,u,[
(, x), we have P
n
u,[
(, x) S[[.
P
n
u,[
(, x) (x) P
n
u,[
( g, x) ( g)(x) + P
n
u,[
(g, x) g(x)
+_ x +
n(o [x)(1 + Sx)
n + [
(x)_
S[ g[ +o
n
2
(x)[g"[ + _ x +
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 +Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)
(x)_
Taking infimum on RHS over all g e w
2
, we get


P
n
u,[
(, x) (x) SK
2
[,
n
2
(x) + ,
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 + Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)

According to the property of Peetres K-functional, we get
P
n
u,[
(, x) (x) C
2
(,
n
(x)) + ,
(n 2)(o [x) + n(1 +Sx)
(n 2)(n + [)

which is the required result and hence completes the proof of theorem.
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Article Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 52 (5-6), 2010, 752-759.
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Mat. Derg. 54 (1995), 11-22.
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Mathematics and Computation 218(22) (2012), 11290-11296.
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J. 13 (2), (2006), 297-306.
7. P. Maheshwari, Saturation theorem for the combinations of modified Beta operators in Lp-space, Applied
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8. P. Maheshwari and V. Gupta, On the rate of approximation by modified Beta operators, Int. J. of Mathematics
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