Adverb Clauses of Cause and Effect

because

a. Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

b. He went to bed because he was sleepy.

since

c. Since he wasn't feeling well, he decided to

stay home and not go to school.

now that

An adverb clause may come in front of

or after the independent clause. Notice
the punctuation in examples a and b.
In example "c" since means because.

d. Now that the semester is finished, I'm going In example "d" now that means because
to rest a few days and then take a trip.
now. Now that is used for present and
future situations.
e. As she had nothing to do, she called up a
friend and asked her if she wanted to take in
In example "e" as means because.
a movie.

as

as/so long as

inasmuch as

f. As long as (So long as) you're not busy,

could you help me with this work?
g. Inasmuch as the two government leaders
could not reach an agreement, the
possibilities for peace are still remote.

In example "f" as long as means

because.
In example "g" inasmuch as means
because. Inasmuch as is usually found
only in formal writing and speech.

Exercise 1
Directions: Using the given information, make sentences using now that.
1. Jose used to take the bus to school, but last week he bought a car. Now he can drive to school.
Now that Jose has a car, he can drive to school.
2. You just had your sixteenth birthday. Now you can get a driver's license.
Now that you are ________________________________________________________
3. We have to wear warm clothes. It's winter now.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Bob used to live in the dorm, but a couple of weeks ago he moved into an apartment. Now he can
cook his own food.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Whew! I've finally finished painting the house. Now I can go fishing.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. I can get a job as a bilingual secretary. I know English now.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. My brother got married last month. He's a married man now, so he has more responsibilities.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. Do you want to go for a walk? The rain has stopped.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. It's been a long, hard week, but final exams are finally over. We can relax.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The civil war has ended. A new government is being formed.
___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2
Directions: Complete the following.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

As long as its such a nice day, why don't ___________________________________________

As long as the movie is free, let's _________________________________________________
As long as it's raining, I think I'll __________________________________________________
As long as the coffee is already made, I guess I'll _____________________________________
As long as you're here, why don't ________________________________________________
As long as you're up, would you mind _____________________________________________

Exercise 3
Directions: Combine the given ideas by using since. Also, decide which sentence might be found in
somewhat formal writing and use inasmuch as.
1. Monday is Dan's birthday. Let's give him a party.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Monday is a national holiday. All government office will be closed.
_________________________________________________________________________
3. The guys I live with don't know any Chinese. I have to speak English with them.
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Oil is an irreplaceable natural resource. We must do whatever we can in order to conserve it.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Maria, maybe you could help me with this calculus problem. You're a math major.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Many young people move to the cities in search of employment. There are few jobs available in the
rural areas.
__________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4
Directions: Complete the following Punctuate carefully.
1. Now that I____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. The teacher didn't________________________________________because
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____
3. Since heavy fog is predicted for tonight _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. He was not admitted to the university inasmuch as _____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Elmer can't stay out all night with his friends now that_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Since we don't have class tomorrow ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Inasmuch as her application arrived after the deadline____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________