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A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts,
typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according to
the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation as well as by the
directions of applied loads they can handle.
Bearing friction
Low friction bearings are often important for efficiency, to reduce wear and to facilitate
high speeds. Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its
material, or by introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces.
By shape, gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers.
By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used. (An example would
be using plastics that have low surface friction.)
By fluid, exploits the low viscosity of a layer of fluid, such as a lubricant or as a
pressuried medium to !eep the two solid parts from touching.
By fields, exploits electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic fields, to !eep solid
parts from touching.
"ombinations of these can even be employed within the same bearing. An example of
this is where the cage is made of plastic, and it separates the rollers#balls, which reduce
friction by their shape and finish.
Principles of operation
Ball bearing
$here are at least six common principles of operation%
sliding bearings, usually called &bushes&, &bushings&, &'ournal bearings&, &sleeve
bearings&, &rifle bearings&, or &plain bearings&
rolling(element bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings
'ewel bearings, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off(center
fluid bearings, in which the load is carried by a gas or li)uid
magnetic bearings, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field
flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by a load element which bends.
Types
Type Description Friction Stiffness