SOME TYPES OF COUNSELING STYLES

Marriage and Family Counselling: Each of us belongs to some human system. Much
of our life history is unconsciously determined by those relationships. We need to
discover those hidden tapes, which block personal growth so that we can make informed
decisions.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Cognitive is a fancy word for 'thinking' and cognitive
therapy is based on the simple idea that our thoughts affect our feelings and emotions.
When our thoughts are in line with reality our emotions and behaviour tend to follow suit.
If our thoughts are distorted, e.g. unrealistic or ecessively negative, our emotions and
behaviour will become a problem. Cognitive therapy makes use of a variety of techni!ues
to assist people in aligning their thoughts with reality and is one of the most effective
therapies in the treatment of mood disorders such as chronic depression, aniety, panic
attacks and ecessive anger.
Personality Type Counselling: Each of us is a uni!ue creation in the universe.
"nderstanding our individual strengths, instincts, and behavioral tendencies can provide
us with insight into our own behaviour and respect for the uni!ueness of others.
Dream Therapy: #reams are the most natural and powerful way to understand the
healing power of our unconscious. $hey are a %forgotten language% that virtually anyone
can learn.
Spiritual Direction: &ll of us are on a spiritual 'ourney to become the most human that
we can be. $he spiritual director acts as an eperienced guide for that common human
eperience.
Therapeutic Metaphor: (ood stories have a kind of hypnotic power. $hey invite us on
an inner adventure where love seeks and finds every heart.
Anger and Polarity Management: We must all learn to befriend our anger if we are to
avoid its destructive power. E!ually important is the ability to distinguish between a
problem to be solved and a 'polarity' to be managed.
Neuro-inguistic Programming: )*+ is a revolutionary approach to human
communication and development. It has helped millions of people overcome fears,
increase confidence, enrich relationships, and achieve greater success. &s a Certified
+astoral +ractitioner of )euro,*inguistic +rogramming and member of )*+ Canada
$raining and Consulting Inc. in affiliation with (rinder, #e*o-ier . &ssociates, /arry is
able to share with others a set of immensely precise and elegant tools to enhance rapport,
encourage personal ecellence and transform virtually any kind of human behaviour.
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Pastoral Counseling : 0ome people prefer to seek help for mental health problems from
their pastor, rabbi, or priest, rather than from therapists who are not affiliated with a
religious community. Counselors working within traditional faith communities
increasingly are recogni-ing the need to incorporate psychotherapy and1or medication,
along with prayer and spirituality, to effectively help some people with mental disorders.
Academic Counseling: +rovide information regarding )apa 2alley College3s academic
procedures, programs, and services.
+rovide students with a comprehensive assessment, including academic strengths
and needs, to assist them with class selection.
4elp students clarify their academic goals, select a ma'or, and develop realistic
academic work loads.
+rovide information on occupational and transfer programs, including general
education and ma'or course re!uirements.
4elp students develop educational plans that satisfy graduation and transfer
re!uirements.
5ffer workshops on special career topics, such as nursing, teaching, and
engineering.
+rovide activities and services that will assist students as they move to a four,year
institution.
Career Counseling: +rovide students with an assessment of skills, abilities, interests,
work values, and personality style.
+rovide information on current and future employment trends.
4elp students develop effective models for making career decisions and setting
goals.
+rovide instruction in 'ob search techni!ues.
$each classes that emphasi-e career eploration and college success.
Personal Counseling!Crisis "ntervention:
+rovide short,term counseling and refer students to appropriate community
resources.
&ssist students with personal, family, and other issues that may affect their
educational progress.
5ffer support to students with a respect and understanding for their backgrounds,
cultural values, gender, communication styles, abilities, and limitations.
#utreach!Pre-enrollment Advising
&dvise potential students and community members of the college3s programs and
services.
+articipate in community activities that promote the college.
&ct as liaison between the community3s schools1agencies and the college.
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+rovide activities and services to recent high school graduates to ease the
transition from high school to college.
SOME ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
&n alternative approach to mental health care is one that emphasi-es the interrelationship
between mind, body, and spirit. &lthough some alternative approaches have a long
history, many remain controversial. $he )ational Center for Complementary and
&lternative Medicine at the )ational Institutes of 4ealth was created in 6778 to help
evaluate alternative methods of treatment and to integrate those that are effective into
mainstream health care practice. It is crucial, however, to consult with your health care
providers about the approaches you are using to achieve mental wellness.
Sel$-help: Many people with mental illnesses find that self,help groups are an invaluable
resource for recovery and for empowerment. 0elf,help generally refers to groups
or meetings that9
Involve people who have similar needs
&re facilitated by a consumer, survivor, or other layperson:
&ssist people to deal with a %life,disrupting% event, such as a death, abuse, serious
accident, addiction, or diagnosis of a physical, emotional, or mental disability, for
oneself or a relative:
&re operated on an informal, free,of,charge, and nonprofit basis:
+rovide support and education: and
&re voluntary, anonymous, and confidential.
Diet and Nutrition: &d'usting both diet and nutrition may help some people with mental
illnesses manage their symptoms and promote recovery. ;or eample, research
suggests that eliminating milk and wheat products can reduce the severity of
symptoms for some people who have schi-ophrenia and some children with
autism. 0imilarly, some holistic1natural physicians use herbal treatments, /,
comple vitamins, riboflavin, magnesium, and thiamine to treat aniety, autism,
depression, drug,induced psychoses, and hyperactivity.
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Animal Assisted Therapies9 Working with an animal <or animals= under the guidance of
a health care professional may benefit some people with mental illness by
facilitating positive changes, such as increased empathy and enhanced
sociali-ation skills. &nimals can be used as part of group therapy programs to
encourage communication and increase the ability to focus. #eveloping self,
esteem and reducing loneliness and aniety are 'ust some potential benefits of
individual,animal therapy <#elta 0ociety, 8>>8=.
EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES
Art Therapy: #rawing, painting, and sculpting help many people to reconcile inner
conflicts, release deeply repressed emotions, and foster self,awareness, as well as
personal growth. 0ome mental health providers use art therapy as both a
diagnostic tool and as a way to help treat disorders such as depression, abuse,
related trauma, and schi-ophrenia. ?ou may be able to find a therapist in your area
who has received special training and certification in art therapy.
Dance!Movement Therapy: 0ome people find that their spirits soar when they let their
feet fly. 5thers,particularly those who prefer more structure or who feel they have
%two left feet%,gain the same sense of release and inner peace from the Eastern
martial arts, such as &ikido and $ai Chi. $hose who are recovering from physical,
seual, or emotional abuse may find these techni!ues especially helpful for
gaining a sense of ease with their own bodies. $he underlying premise to
dance1movement therapy is that it can help a person integrate the emotional,
physical, and cognitive facets of %self.%
Music!Sound Therapy: It is no coincidence that many people turn on soothing music to
rela or sna--y tunes to help feel upbeat. @esearch suggests that music stimulates
the body's natural %feel good% chemicals <opiates and endorphins=. $his
stimulation results in improved blood flow, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing,
and posture changes. Music or sound therapy has been used to treat disorders such
as stress, grief, depression, schi-ophrenia, and autism in children, and to diagnose
mental health needs.
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Culturally Based %ealing Arts: $raditional 5riental medicine <such as acupuncture,
shiatsu, and reiki=, Indian systems of health care <such as &yurveda and yoga and
)ative &merican healing practices <such as the 0weat *odge and $alking Circles=
all incorporate the beliefs that9
Wellness is a state of balance between the spiritual, physical, and
mental1emotional %selves.%
&n imbalance of forces within the body is the cause of illness.
4erbal1natural remedies, combined with sound nutrition, eercise, and
meditation1prayer, will correct this imbalance.
Acupuncture: $he Chinese practice of inserting needles into the body at specific points
manipulates the body's flow of energy to balance the endocrine system. $his
manipulation regulates functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and
respiration, as well as sleep patterns and emotional changes. &cupuncture has
been used in clinics to assist people with substance abuse disorders through
detoification: to relieve stress and aniety: to treat attention deficit and
hyperactivity disorder in children: to reduce symptoms of depression: and to help
people with physical ailments.
Ayurveda: &yurvedic medicine is described as %knowledge of how to live.% It
incorporates an individuali-ed regimen,,such as diet, meditation, herbal
preparations, or other techni!ues,,to treat a variety of conditions, including
depression, to facilitate lifestyle changes, and to teach people how to release stress
and tension through yoga or transcendental meditation.
&oga!meditation: +ractitioners of this ancient Indian system of health care use breathing
eercises, posture, stretches, and meditation to balance the body's energy centers.
?oga is used in combination with other treatment for depression, aniety, and
stress,related disorders.
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Native American traditional practices: Ceremonial dances, chants, and cleansing
rituals are part of Indian 4ealth 0ervice programs to heal depression, stress,
trauma <including those related to physical and seual abuse=, and substance
abuse.
Cuentos: /ased on folktales, this form of therapy originated in +uerto @ico. $he stories
used contain healing themes and models of behavior such as self,transformation
and endurance through adversity. Cuentos is used primarily to help 4ispanic
children recover from depression and other mental health problems related to
leaving one's homeland and living in a foreign culture.
RELAXATION AND STRESS REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
Bio$eed'ac(: *earning to control muscle tension and %involuntary% body functioning,
such as heart rate and skin temperature, can be a path to mastering one's fears. It is
used in combination with, or as an alternative to, medication to treat disorders
such as aniety, panic, and phobias. ;or eample, a person can learn to %retrain%
his or her breathing habits in stressful situations to induce relaation and decrease
hyperventilation. 0ome preliminary research indicates it may offer an additional
tool for treating schi-ophrenia and depression.
)uided "magery or *isuali+ation: $his process involves going into a state of deep
relaation and creating a mental image of recovery and wellness. +hysicians,
nurses, and mental health providers occasionally use this approach to treat alcohol
and drug addictions, depression, panic disorders, phobias, and stress.
Massage therapy: $he underlying principle of this approach is that rubbing, kneading,
brushing, and tapping a person's muscles can help release tension and pent
emotions. It has been used to treat trauma,related depression and stress. & highly
unregulated industry, certification for massage therapy varies widely from 0tate to
0tate. 0ome 0tates have strict guidelines, while others have none.
Technology-Based Applications: $he boom in electronic tools at home and in the office
makes access to mental health information 'ust a telephone call or a %mouse click%
away. $echnology is also making treatment more widely available in once,
isolated areas.
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Telemedicine: +lugging into video and computer technology is a relatively new
innovation in health care. It allows both consumers and providers in remote or
rural areas to gain access to mental health or specialty epertise. $elemedicine can
enable consulting providers to speak to and observe patients directly. It also can
be used in education and training programs for generalist clinicians.
Telephone counseling: &ctive listening skills are a hallmark of telephone counselors.
$hese also provide information and referral to interested callers. ;or many people
telephone counseling often is a first step to receiving in,depth mental health care.
@esearch shows that such counseling from specially trained mental health
providers reaches many people who otherwise might not get the help they need.
,lectronic communications: $echnologies such as the Internet, bulletin boards, and
electronic mail lists provide access directly to consumers and the public on a wide
range of information. 5n,line consumer groups can echange information,
eperiences, and views on mental health, treatment systems, alternative medicine,
and other related topics.
-adio psychiatry: &nother relative newcomer to therapy, radio psychiatry was first
introduced in the "nited 0tates in 67AB. @adio psychiatrists and psychologists
provide advice, information, and referrals in response to a variety of mental health
!uestions from callers. $he &merican +sychiatric &ssociation and the &merican
+sychological &ssociation have issued ethical guidelines for the role of
psychiatrists and psychologists on radio shows.
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