TECHNICAL CORRECTION

February 2002


Process Industry Practices
Structural
PIP STS05130
Erection of Structural and
Miscellaneous Steel Specification



PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.
This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team
and will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or
withdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at
www.pip.org.
Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The
University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin,
Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice
for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any
kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written
authorization of PIP.
PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.
Printing History

November 1994 Issued February 2002 Technical Correction
December 1998 Revision

Not printed with State funds
TECHNICAL CORRECTION
February 2002
Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 9

Process Industry Practices
Structural
PIP STS05130
Erection of Structural and
Miscellaneous Steel Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.................................. 2
1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2
1.2 Scope................................................. 2
2. References.................................... 2
2.1 Process Industry Practices................ 2
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards.......... 2
2.3 Government Regulations................... 3
3. Definitions .................................... 3
4. General ......................................... 3
4.1 Quality Control ................................... 3
4.2 Submittals.......................................... 4
4.3 Performance Requirements .............. 4
5. Products and Materials ............... 5
6. Execution ..................................... 6
6.1 Receiving, Inspection, and
Storage.............................................. 6
6.2 Erection ............................................. 6
6.3 Structural Stability.............................. 7
6.4 Setting Base Plates ........................... 7
6.5 Bolted Connections ........................... 7
6.6 Welded Connections ......................... 8
6.7 Correction of Errors ........................... 8
6.8 Steel Joists ........................................ 9
6.9 Floor Plate and Grating ..................... 9
6.10 Metal Decking for Floors and
Roofs ................................................. 9
6.11 Shear Connectors.............................. 9
6.12 Coating Repairs................................. 9



PIP STS05130 TECHNICAL CORRECTION
Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification February 2002
Page 2 of 9 Process Industry Practices
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Process Industry Practice (Practice) provides the structural steel erector with a
specification of steel erection requirements for the process industry.
1.2 Scope
This Practice describes the requirements for the receipt, handling, erection, assembly,
and field inspection of structural and miscellaneous steel.
Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, shop drawings, erection
drawings, or other contract documents shall be brought to the attention of the buyer
for resolution.
2. References
When adopted in this Practice or in the contract documents, the latest edition of the following
codes, standards, specifications, and references in effect on the date of contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.
2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)
PIP STS03600 - Cementitious Grout Specification
PIP STS03601 - Epoxy Grout Specification
PIP STS05120 - Fabrication of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel
Specification
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
AISC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI A10.13 - Steel Erection - Safety Requirements
American Welding Society (AWS)
AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code - Steel
Steel Deck Institute (SDI)
SDI Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks
No. 30
TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STS05130
February 2002 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification
Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 9
Steel Joist Institute (SJI)
SJI Standard Specifications and Load Tables
2.3 Government Regulations
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910
OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926
3. Definitions
buyer: The party that awards the contract to the erector. The buyer may be the owner or the
owners authorized agent.
buyers inspector: The authorized representative of the buyer with authority to act in the
interest of, and on behalf of, the buyer in all quality assurance matters
contract documents: Any and all documents that the buyer has transmitted or otherwise
communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of the legal contract
agreement or purchase order between the buyer and the erector
engineer of record: The buyers authorized representative with overall authority and
responsibility for the structural design
erector: The party that is responsible for the erection of the structural and miscellaneous
steel. Unless otherwise noted, the term erector shall apply also to the erectors
subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s).
erectors inspector: The authorized representative of the erector with responsibility for the
quality control of all materials, installations, and workmanship furnished by the erector and
any of the erectors subcontractors or vendors
owner: The owner of the proposed structure
4. General
4.1 Quality Control
4.1.1 The erector shall be solely responsible for the quality control of all the
erector-supplied materials, installations, and workmanship.
4.1.2 The erector shall have a written Quality Control Program and Inspection
Procedures document that shall provide details of how compliance with the
requirements of this Practice and the shop and erection drawings shall be
achieved. The erector shall maintain a complete up-to-date set of erection
drawings at the jobsite.
4.1.3 All welding procedures and individual welders shall be qualified in
accordance with the requirements of AWS D1.1.
PIP STS05130 TECHNICAL CORRECTION
Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification February 2002
Page 4 of 9 Process Industry Practices
4.1.4 All welding inspectors shall be qualified and certified as AWS Certified
Welding Inspectors in accordance with the requirements of AWS D1.1.
4.1.5 The erectors inspector shall inspect all materials, installations, and
workmanship of the erector to ensure conformance with all requirements of
this Practice and the contract documents.
4.1.6 The buyers inspector shall have the right to inspect all materials,
installations, and workmanship supplied by the erector and shall have an
unrestricted right of access to the erectors work areas.
4.1.7 The buyers inspector may reject any improper, inferior, defective, or
unsuitable materials, installations, and workmanship of the erector. Any
rejected materials, installations, and workmanship shall be repaired or
replaced by the erector in accordance with the buyers instructions at no cost
to the buyer.
4.1.8 The erector shall provide all inspection tools and shall provide inspection
access facilities such as platforms, ladders, and scaffolds as requested by the
buyers inspector.
4.1.9 Inspection tools and tool calibration records for tools used by the erector
shall be maintained and available for examination by the buyers inspector.
4.2 Submittals
4.2.1 The erector shall submit the following documents to the buyer for review
before the start of erection:
a. Safety program
b. Quality control program and inspection procedures
c. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
d. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR)
e. Welder(s) qualification records
f. Assembly lift plan(s) as required by OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.
4.2.2 If requested by the buyer, the erector shall submit the following documents to
the buyer for recording purposes:
a. Quality control inspections and test results
b. Calibration or recalibration performed on the tools or equipment used
by the erector during the work
4.3 Performance Requirements
4.3.1 Safety
4.3.1.1 The safety program shall address the safety measures that the erector
shall use during steel erection work. The safety program shall
comply with the requirements of the contract documents; AISC
Manual of Steel Construction (ASD); AISC Code of Standard
Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges; AISC Manual of Steel
TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STS05130
February 2002 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification
Process Industry Practices Page 5 of 9
Construction (LFRD); applicable portions of OSHA 29 CFR Part
1910 and Part 1926; and any other applicable federal, state, or local
requirements.
4.3.1.2 The erectors safety program shall provide a detailed description of
how the erector will prevent injury to all personnel affected by the
erectors operations. The safety program shall include an effective
system for initial orientation and education in safety and accident
prevention, as well as appropriate records to document compliance.
At a minimum, the safety program shall place particular emphasis on
the following aspects:
a. Fall prevention
b. Ground-level preassembly to minimize elevated erection
c. Hole covers and opening barriers
d. Access control to incomplete areas of erection
e. Lifting plans and hoisting procedures
4.3.2 Assembly Lift Plan
The erector is responsible for assuring that all preassemblies that are not
specifically shown or noted on the design drawings to be preassembled
before lifting will maintain structural integrity during lifting.
4.3.2.1 A written assembly lift plan shall be prepared for assemblies larger
than 50 feet (15 meters) in one direction, larger than 2,000 square
feet (186 square meters) in the plan area, greater than 50 tons, or
when required by the contract documents. The assembly lift plan
shall demonstrate that the proposed lift shall be performed safely and
that the assemblies being lifted will remain free from distortion or
undue bending, and will maintain structural integrity during the lift.
4.3.2.2 The assembly lift plan shall contain detailed data on the extent of the
lifted assembly, its weights, the structural calculations that prove
structural stability of the assembled components during lifting
operations, verification of the capacity capabilities for any cranes
utilized in the lift, location and positioning of the cranes, and a
description of the rigging to be utilized.
4.3.2.3 Review of the assembly lift plan by the buyer does not relieve the
erector of responsibility required for the safe erection and/or lifting
of any component, structural assembly, or any other item under the
control of the erector.
5. Products and Materials
All materials supplied by the erector shall conform to PIP STS05120, unless otherwise
specified by the contract documents.
PIP STS05130 TECHNICAL CORRECTION
Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification February 2002
Page 6 of 9 Process Industry Practices
6. Execution
6.1 Receiving, Inspection, and Storage
6.1.1 All materials designated for the care, custody, and control of the erector shall
be received, unloaded, stored, and otherwise handled in a manner that
prevents distortion, deterioration, damage, or staining. Materials shall be kept
free of dirt, grease, and other foreign matter.
6.1.2 Unless otherwise required by the buyer, all materials shall be inspected by
the erector immediately after receipt to ensure that the materials are not
damaged, that all items on the packing list have been supplied, and that all
documentation has been received.
6.1.3 If any damage is discovered, or any parts, components, or documentation are
missing or otherwise defective, the occurrence shall be immediately reported
to the buyer in writing.
6.2 Erection
6.2.1 Erection shall be in accordance with the drawings and other contract
documents; AISC Manual of Steel Construction (ASD); AISC Manual of
Steel Construction (LRFD); the AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel
Buildings and Bridges; OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910 and Part 1926;* and any
applicable state, municipal, or local regulations or codes.
*Note: OSHA has made a major revision of OSHA 1926 Subpart R, the
construction industry safety standards that regulate steel erection.
This revision enhances protection provided to workers engaged in
steel erection and updates the general provisions that address steel
erection.
6.2.2 Any circumstances discovered by the erector that affect progression,
performance, or completion of the erectors work activities such as
discrepancies between the erection/shop drawings and the delivered steel
members, incorrectly fabricated steel members, or incomplete or
unacceptable work of other contractors affecting the erectors work shall be
immediately reported to the buyer in writing.
6.2.3 Any damage caused during erection shall be reported to the buyer. Corrective
measures shall be completed as directed by the buyer at no cost to the buyer.
6.2.4 Erection of steel joists shall conform to the requirements of the Steel Joist
Institute (SJI), the joist manufacturer, and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.
6.2.5 Temporary erection loads or permanent loads shall not be placed on any
incomplete portions of the structure being erected unless the erector can
demonstrate by analysis that the contemplated action is safe.
6.2.6 Loose timbers, metal sheeting, bolt buckles, tools, debris, and temporary
scaffolding shall be kept restrained or removed from work areas. The erector
shall be responsible for securing all equipment and materials within the
erectors care, custody, and control during the erection operation.
TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STS05130
February 2002 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification
Process Industry Practices Page 7 of 9
6.2.7 The erector shall maintain the job site in a clean and safe condition at all
times and shall properly dispose of, off the premises, all crating, waste
materials, and other refuse that has accumulated as a result of the erectors
activities under this Practice.
6.2.8 Lifting of painted structural members shall be done with a nonabrasive
choker.
6.2.9 The erector shall keep a daily record, by piece number, of all material
erected.
6.2.10 Before commencing work, the erector shall check foundations and other
connection points to confirm their location, orientation, elevation, and
condition.
6.2.11 Erection of steel deck shall conform to the requirements of the Steel Deck
Institute (SDI), the deck manufacturer, and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R.
6.3 Structural Stability
6.3.1 The erector shall, at all times, be responsible for the adequacy and
installation of any temporary bracing or guy cables required to counteract
loadings imposed during erection. This responsibility shall also extend to
temporary bracing required to ensure safe and stable conditions of partially
completed structural assemblies.
6.3.2 The structure shall be plumbed, leveled, and braced before any final bolted or
welded connections are made.
6.4 Setting Base Plates
6.4.1 The erector shall clean the top of bearing surfaces and the bottom of base
plates. The erector shall set and shim column base plates to correct positions,
elevations, and locations as shown on the erection drawings. Shims or
wedges may be used and shall be provided by the erector. If setting nuts are
used, they shall be loosened before grouting.
6.4.2 Grouting of base plates shall be in accordance with PIP STS03600 or
PIP STS03601 and other contract documents if this work is included in the
erectors contract.
6.4.3 When required on the drawings, anchor bolts shall be tightened to the
specified tension. Anchor bolts shall be fully tightened to the specified
tension only after the base plates have been grouted.
6.5 Bolted Connections
6.5.1 Where structural joints are made using high-strength bolt assemblies, the
materials, methods of installation, tension control, types of wrenches to be
used, and inspection methods shall conform to the AISC Specification for
Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts and the contract
documents.
6.5.2 When used, direct tension indicator washers shall be installed according to
the manufacturers published specifications.
PIP STS05130 TECHNICAL CORRECTION
Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification February 2002
Page 8 of 9 Process Industry Practices
6.5.3 All bolts shall be as noted on the shop drawings, erection drawings, or other
contract documents.
6.5.4 Mechanically galvanized bolts and nuts shall not be intermixed with hot-dip
galvanized nuts and bolts.
6.5.5 Where ASTM A307 bolt assemblies are used for connecting appurtenances
(i.e., handrail assemblies, pipe supports, gates, etc.) to structural steel
members, the bolts shall be tightened to a snug-tight condition.
6.5.6 ASTM A490/A490M bolts and galvanized ASTM A325/A325M bolts shall not
be reused.
6.5.7 The erector shall color code, die punch, or otherwise mark the ends of
torqued bolts indicating that the bolts have been properly tensioned and are
ready for inspection.
6.6 Welded Connections
6.6.1 Welding shall conform to AWS D1.1.
6.6.2 All welds shall be continuous unless the buyer approves alternate procedures.
6.6.3 Field welding shall not be used except as shown on the shop drawings or
erection drawings.
6.6.4 Minimum fillet weld size shall be 3/16 inch (5 mm) for structural welds. Seal
welds may be 1/8-inch (3-mm) minimum fillet weld.
6.6.5 Welds to connection plates embedded in concrete shall be deposited in a
sequence that minimizes distortion of the embedment to +1/8 inch (3 mm) of
flat or true.
6.6.6 When the contract documents require welding to existing facilities that were
constructed before 1963 and/or using steel other than ASTM A36, the
engineer of record shall provide a welding procedure.
6.7 Correction of Errors
6.7.1 Fit-up bolts and drift pins shall not be used to bring improperly fabricated
members and parts into place (springing). Drift pins shall not be driven with
such a force as to injure adjacent metal areas.
6.7.2 When approved by the engineer of record, the erector may enlarge standard
holes by 1/16 inch (1 mm) when necessary to make connections resulting
from minor misfit. Holes in connections that misfit by more than 1/16 inch
(1 mm) shall be corrected as directed by the engineer of record.
6.7.3 Enlargement of holes shall be made by reaming or drilling only. Flame
cutting, burning, gouging, chipping, or drift punching shall not be permitted.
6.7.4 No packing, shimming, filling, or wedging shall be permitted to correct
faulty work unless approved by the engineer of record.
6.7.5 One filler plate up to 1/8-inch (3-mm) thickness may be used as required in
spaces between members to be bolted. The engineer of records approval
shall be required for filler plate requirements greater than 1/8 inch (3 mm).
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February 2002 Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Specification
Process Industry Practices Page 9 of 9
6.8 Steel Joists
6.8.1 Field welding of bolting joists to supporting steel framework shall be in
accordance with the SJI specifications for the type of joist used, the
erection/shop drawings, and other contract documents.
6.8.2 The erector shall make no modifications or repairs to steel joists without
prior written approval of the engineer of record.
6.8.3 Use of power-driven or powder-actuated fasteners in the diagonal and bottom
chord members of the joists is not permitted.
6.9 Floor Plate and Grating
6.9.1 All field-cut floor plate or grating openings requiring toe plate protection or
banding shall be installed as required on the design drawings or other
contract documents.
6.9.2 The erector shall fasten the grating and floor plate as specified on the design
drawings. A minimum of four fasteners per panel shall be used.
6.10 Metal Decking for Floors and Roofs
6.10.1 Floor and roof deck sheets shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturers installation instructions and the contract documents.
6.10.2 The erector shall repair all sags, deformations, holes, and other irregularities.
6.10.3 Where damage has occurred to shop-applied coatings on metal decking, field
touch-up shall be in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
6.11 Shear Connectors
6.11.1 All shear stud attachments shall be welded in strict accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations for welding procedure and welding
equipment.
6.11.2 When two or more stud welding guns are operated from the same power
source, the erector shall interlock the guns so that only one gun can be
operated at a time to ensure that the power source has fully recovered from
making one weld before another weld is started.
6.11.3 All ceramic insulators shall be removed from the base of the studs after
welding.
6.12 Coating Repairs
6.12.1 The erector, in accordance with PIP STS05120, shall repair all erection
damage to hot-dip galvanized coatings.
6.12.2 All erection damage to shop-applied paint coatings shall be repaired in
accordance with the buyers coating specification. All galvanized bolt
assemblies tightened against shop-applied paint shall be painted.