ECE Department

ECE250 Electronic Device Modeling

Spring 2003


Instructor Information
Instructor: Marc E. Herniter
Office Hours : See Schedule.
Office Phone Number : 877-8512
Office Number : C204
WEB Address: http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~herniter
E-mail: Marc.Herniter@rose-hulman.edu
MS Instant Messenger: Marc_Herniter@hotmail.com


CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Modeling, analysis, and simulation of electronic circuits that contain two-
terminal and three-terminal semiconductor devices. Large-signal, biasing, and small-signal analysis models.
Introduction to wave shaping circuits, switch circuits, and amplifiers. Integral Laboratory.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
After successfully completing this course the student should be able to:
Characterize 2 and 3 terminal devices by means of I-V plots.
Derive a linearized small-signal model given the large signal characteristics.
Describe a circuit and analyze its operation in terms of the bias and midband small-signal model, or its
large-signal switching model.
Use simulation tools to model a circuit and discuss the difference between the DC, time-domain, and
frequency-domain analyses.
Measure the DC characteristics of a 2 or 3 terminal device in the laboratory.
Construct and test small rectifier and transistor circuits in the laboratory.
Use elementary troubleshooting techniques and critical error analysis in the laboratory.
Use standard written and oral formats to report laboratory/computation results.
Demonstrate the similarity of operation between all 3 terminal devices that can be used as amplifiers or
switches
Show how three terminal devices can be used as switches or amplifiers.
Emphasize single-stage amplifiers using topologies found in integrated circuits.
Understand the impact of thermal and optical effects on semiconductor devices.
Introduce the properties of semiconductor materials such as doping, carrier concentrations, conductivity,
drift and diffusion current.

PREREQUISITE: ES203 COREQUISITE: ECE200

PREREQUISITE SKILLS
1) KVL, KCL.
2) Circuit elements R, L, and C.
3) Thevenin and Norton Equivalents.
4) Independent and dependent voltage and current sources.
5) Ideal OP-AMP circuit analysis.

REQUIRED MATERIALS:
TEXTBOOK: Schematic Capture With Cadence PSpice,2
nd
Edition, M.E. Herniter, Prentice Hall, 2003.
ISBN: 0-13-048400-8. (The first edition is O.K. if you already have it.)

TEXTBOOK: Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2
nd
Ed., D.A. Neamen, McGraw-Hill, 2001, ISBN: 0-
07-240957-6.

NOTEBOOK: National Brand Computation Notebook Number 43-648. Or any notebook with non-
removable pages and page numbers is required.

REQUIRED SOFTWARE:
PSpice: OrCAD PSpice and Capture version 9.2 with RHIT Libraries. OrCAD PSpice is available in the
textbook Schematic Capture With Cadence PSpice. The libraries are available for download from my website at
http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~herniter/Software/Cadence/Orcad_Lib_92A.exe. install the OrCAD software first,
then install the libraries.

EVALUATION METHOD:
Homework .......... 15%
Lab .......... 15%
Pre-Lab .......... 5%
Lab Practical Exam .......... 5%
Exams (3 at 20% each) .......... 60%


Three exams will be given during the semester. The third exam will be held during the time scheduled for
the final.
The final has the same weight as the two other exams.
Your grade will be based on a curve generated at the end of the semester.
A grade of incomplete will only be given for circumstances beyond a students control. Class load, extra
curricular activities, and jobs are all circumstances that are under the control of a student and will not
justify a grade of incomplete.

EXAM SCHEDULE:
Exam 1 April 4, 2003 (Friday)
Exam 2 May 9, 2003 (Friday)

COURSE POLICIES:

HOMEWORK: There will be 10 homework assignments (order of magnitude estimate). These assignments
should be done independently but it never hurts to consult your colleagues. Homework is due at the
beginning of class on the due date. Late homework will not be accepted. Solutions are available on my web
site. The files are downloadable and can be viewed with the Adobe Acrobat Reader. You are required to
use the standard RHIT format for homework.

ATTENDANCE: Attendance is required.

LATE HOMEWORK: Homework is due at the beginning of class on the specified due date. Late
homework will not be accepted.

IN CLASS EXAMS: These exams are open book, open notes, and open brain (your brain only). Expect a
difficult exam with an average near 50%. Personal computers may only be used during exams to view the
class notes. You may not use Maple or PSpice during the exam.

HONOR CODE: The honor code will be enforced in this class.

MAKEUP EXAMS: Makeup exams will not be given. If you miss an exam, that exam will be counted as
your lowest exam and dropped.

LABORATORY: Lab grading will be discussed in the lab. You must bring the following items to the lab
(starting the second lab period of the quarter):
Nickels, dimes, and quarters to purchase parts.
A breadboard. This can be purchased in the lab.
A pre-cut prototyping wire kit.
Hemostats.
Your lab notebook.
Glue. The preferred type is Elemers Blue School Gel.
Scissors.
A Pen. Pencils are not allowed.
A Floppy disk.
INSTRUCTIONAL PHILOSOPHY: Topics will be covered in three levels: Theoretical analysis, simulation,
and laboratory verification. The following synthesis procedure is used to gain an understanding of circuits
covered in the class: The theoretical analysis of the circuit is covered to understand the operation of the circuit or
to design a circuit. Circuit simulation using industry standard analysis tools to verify the theoretical analysis or
circuit design. If the simulations agree with theoretical analysis, the circuit is constructed in the lab.
Measurements of the circuit performance are made and compared to the theoretical calculations and
simulation results.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. Semiconductor Physics (Ch. 1 of Neamen)
Insulators, conductors, and semiconductors.
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
Carrier concentration, conductivity, drift and diffusion current.
2. Diodes
I-V characteristic
Temperature Effects
Iterative solution of simple series circuit
Solution of simple series circuit using an equation solver
PSpice solution of simple series circuit
PSpice I-V Characteristic
PSpice I-V Characteristic with temperature dependence
Load Line solution
Thevenin solution
3. Diode Models (Covered with item 4.)
Ideal
Ideal with voltage drop
Ideal with voltage drop and series resistance

4. Diode Circuits
Rectifier
Clipping
PSpice simulation
5. Zener Circuits
Clipping
PSpice simulation
6. Bipolar Junction Transistors
PSpice AC, DC, transient, and bias point simulations
BJT as a switch
o Drive an LED
o Drive a relay
Biasing with Current Sources
BJT Small-Signal Analysis
o Hybrid-pi model.
o Common-emitter amplifier.
o Emitter-follower.
o Input and output impedance.
7. MOSFETS
PSpice AC, DC, transient, and bias point simulations
MOSFET as a switch
o Resistive pull-up.
o Active pull-up.
o Drive an LED.
o Basic NMOS gate.
o Ohmic and SAT regions
Bias with Current Source
MOSFET Small-Signal Analysis
o Small-signal model.
o Common-source amplifier.
o Source-follower.
o Input and output impedance.
8. jFETs (Optional)
PSpice AC, DC, transient, and bias point simulations
Bias with Current Source
Ohmic and SAT regions
jFET Small-Signal Analysis
o Small-signal model.
o Common-source amplifier.
o Source-follower.
o Input and output impedance.
8. Vacuum Tubes (Optional)
Small-signal model.
Common-source amplifier.
Source-follower.
Input and output impedance.
ECE 250 Homework #1
Due 3/14/03 ( Friday)
Problem 1:
+
-
V1
10V
+
3k
+
12k
+
3k
Vo
-
+
24k
+
3k
+
10k
+

Find Vo in the circuit above using voltage dividers and seriesparallel circuit simplifications. The use of Maple, nodal
analysis, or the big gun is prohibited.
Problem 2:
+
-
U2
Ideal_OPAMP
+
R1
10k
+
R6
1k
+
R4
5.6k
0
+
-
Vin
DC = 10
0
V2
+
-
U1
Ideal_OPAMP
0
+
R5
1k
Vo
+
R2
10k
V1
+
R3
5.6k
0

Find V
2
, V
1
, and V
O
in the circuit above. The use of Maple or the big gun is prohibited.

Problem 3:
+
R1
20k
+
R3
10k
+
R2
20k
I1
DC = 1m

Find the Thevenin Equivalent circuit for the circuit above.

Problem 4:
a) Simulate the circuit of problem 1 using PSpice. Turn in a schematic that displays the needed node voltages on the circuit.
(Display only the required node voltages.)

b) Simulate the circuit of problem 2 using PSpice. Turn in a schematic that displays the needed node voltages on the circuit.
(Display only the required node voltages.)

To solve this problem, read and do the following sections of the PSpice manual:
Chapter 1, sections 1.A through 1.J.1
Section 3.A
You will use the following parts in your circuit: R, VDC, Ideal_OPAMP.

ECE 250 Lab Grades


Lab
Number Lab Name
Page
#
Grade Initials
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

ECE 250/351 Laboratory Grading Policy

Pre-Lab The pre-lab is a separate grade from your lab grade. The pre-lab must be written in your lab
book. Before coming to lab you must photocopy the pre-lab pages and turn in the pages before you enter
the lab.

It is your responsibility to read through the lab and identify what must be done before coming to the lab.
The pre-labs will be graded on neatness and completeness. A general guideline for laboratory write up is
that your notebook should contain enough information and procedure so that some one else with your
level of knowledge could repeat your pre-lab calculations.

By doing the pre-lab, you should know what every circuit is supposed to do before you enter the
lab. This is important so you can answer my question, Well, what do you think it is supposed to
?

Pre-lab includes the following :
Hand calculations- Place all hand calculation results in a table so I can easily see all calculations.
If you have 10 pages of calculations, a table at the end of the calculations section will make it
very easy to see your work.
Hand drawn graphs.
Explanatory notes.
PSpice simulations.
PSpice results (numerical results and graphs).
PSpice documentation should include enough information so that someone else could repeat your
simulations.
Tables comparing hand calculations to PSpice results.
Printouts from MathCAD or Maple.
Anything else that may be important for any particular lab.


Laboratory Results

Enough procedural information so that so that some one else with your level of knowledge could repeat
your lab measurements.

Laboratory results must include :

Scope traces (hand drawn or printout):
o All scope settings.
o Measured from what circuit (show circuit diagram).
o Where measured in the circuit.
o Channel 1 is what? Channel 2 is what?
o Why measured?
o Numerical values.
Give circuit diagrams for all circuits used in the lab.
Give all figures numbers and refer to those numbers in your book.
Paste all relevant data sheets in your notebook.

NOTEBOOK Guidelines

Enough procedural information so that so that some one else with your level of knowledge could
repeat your pre-lab and lab measurements. You can paste and cut to save time.
Always use a pen when writing in your lab notebook. Pencil writing can be erased. If I see any
pencil writing, I will erase it and assume that you did not do that part of the lab. (Each pencil
mark I find will reduce your grade by 1 point.)
Never use white-out. (Each use of white-out I find will reduce your grade by 1 point.)
Explanatory notes - could someone reproduce your results with the information in your
notebook?
Explanation of procedure.
Initial and date each completed page in your notebook.
Tables comparing measured, calculated, and PSpice results.
Presentation of results (graphs, scope traces, PSpice, Etc.)
Your notebook should have a summary section for each lab. The summary should be neat and
very readable. You should have tables that summarize calculated, measured, and PSpice results. I
should be able to easily find any measurement and see how it compares to measured, PSpice, and
calculated numbers. If it takes me more than a few seconds to find a result in the summary, I will
assume that you did not make the measurement. Your notebook may be disorganized, but the
summary should have all the important information presented in a report like fashion.

Things you must do:
While making lab measurements you must compare measurements to expected results (hand
calculations and PSpice). If all results do not agree, do not continue. Find out why things do not
work and fix it.
If your pre-lab calculations included calculating a minimum and maximum value of a quantity,
measure that quantity in the lab and make sure that the measured value falls within the minimum
and maximum limits. If it does not, find out why and fix it.
At the very end of you lab, you need to construct a table that compares all hand calculations,
PSpice results, and measured results to one another. These tables should show that measured
results agree with hand and PSpice calculations. You will need to construct this table whether or
not I ask for it in the lab instructions.

Bad thinks to ask:
Is this right? This indicates that (1) you have no idea what the circuit is supposed. A valid
question is, My pre-lab calculations do not agree with my measured results and I do now know
why.
Do I have to do this? You are going to be an engineer. If you dont like building, testing, and
figuring out how things work, watch out.


Note: I will not grade more than one lab during the last week of class. I
will not grade any labs during finals week. Labs must be graded by the
week following the lab or you will receive a zero for the lab.
LAB 0 1 ECE 250
ECE 250 Lab 0
Introduction to PSpice
Follow sections 1.A through 1.J.1 of the PSpice manual. Turn in a printout of the schematic you
obtain at the end of section 1.J.1.
Follow section 2, pages 93 to 141. Print out probe graphs from the following pages:
o Top of page 105.
o Top of page 113.
o Top of page 117
o Bottom of page 121
o End of section 2.F
o End of section 2.H
o End of page 141.