A Level Mathematics C3 and C4 Revision Notes

Trigonometry
Trigonometric identities to learn:
C3 Differentiaton
Differentiation was introduced back in Core 1... Basically all that's changed is that we can differentiate
harder algebra.
To differentiate, you need to use this form:
It may look kind of scary, but it's much cleaner that using the chain rule, another way. hat the
algebra means is: the !ower "n# times the differential "f'"$## times the original to the !ower of 1 less
"%f"$#&'n(1#.
)o, let's take as an e$am!le:
*irst we take the !ower: +.
Times this by the differential of the brackets:
*inally times by the original, to the !ower of 1 less:
,ll those together:
-asy, hm. if your struggling !m ke/lar for more hel!0
The e$am will gi/e you all the usual gra!h 1uestions:
*ind the gradient of the cur/e at the !oint... this means, find the dy2d$ and sub in the coordinates
*ind the !er!endicular line at the !oint... This means find the reci!rical the dy2d$ number and times
by (1. *inally use the formula: y ( y1 3 m"$ ( $1# where $1 and y1 are the coorinates of the !oint.
4roduct and 5uotient 6ules
7ou need to learn these. They're not gi/en in the formula booklet:
4roduct 6ule: To find we use the !roduct rule which is
5uotient 6ule:
To find we use the 1uotient rule which is
,n easy way to remember this is by the rhyme 89ow d(high minus high d(low, o/er the s1uare of
what's below8, i.e. "/ $ du# minus "u $ d/#, all o/er "/':#
;<T-: 5uotient rule will be written in the ,5, formulae book, but in the form g"$# and f"$# i'/e
written both in there sim!lest forms for re/ision =ust remember !rod>ct > is ca! as it starts with u
then ends in u and remember the ? sign, and 1uotient rule starts with / ends with / with a minus sign
all o/er /':
-$am!les
4roduct 6ule : *or e$am!le, find the where
*irst, we notice two things times together. e can't !ractically e$!and the brackets, howe/er, so we
need the !roduct rule. e call the first thing 8u8 and the second 8/8 and differentiate them se!arately,
and then stick them into the !roduct rule.
now we !lug
this into the formula
which sim!lifies to
This factorises to 5uotient rule
Integration
The following indefinite integrals follow naturally from the differentiation work
Numerical Methods
hen using iterration to find $1, $: etc...
Ty!e the gi/en /alue for $@ into your calculator and !ress '3'
Then enter the iterrati/e formula into your calculator and for $n, sim!ly !ut ',ns'. Then to find the
/alue for $1, =ust !ress '3'. Then, to find $:, sim!ly !ress '3' again without any further work. 9ikewise
for $A, $B etc...
Vectors
If two /ectors are !er!endicular then
If two /ectors are !arallel then
Two /ectors are skew "cross on only : dimensions but not A# when the three e1uations formed by the
two lines, in terms of ks,=s,is and kt,=t,it do not ha/e common solutions of s and t for all three
e1uations.