ENGN4536/ENGN6536 Assignment Two Solutions

The assignment will be marked out of 20 and is worth

5% of the nal mark
Solution to Question One (3 marks):
(a)
To ensure 0.9 correlation, we need the coherence bandwidth to be B
c

0.02/

= 0.02/(1s) = 20 kHz.
Ans: 20 kHz 1 mark
(b)
You can compare either, the symbol period with rms delay spread, or the
signal bandwidth with channels coherence bandwidth, to gure out the answer.
Here I choose the former option. Since the symbol period is equal to the rms
delay spread, the channel is frequency-selective fading, hence severe ISI occurs.
Ans: yes 1 mark
(c)
1 GHz means 0.3 m of wavelength. The maximum Doppler frequency shift
is given by f
D
= v/ = 16.67/0.3 = 55.56.
Now, using f
D
we can compute the channel coherence time T
C
. There are,
however, dierent equations we can use, e.g.,
1) T
c
=
1
f
D
= 0.018
2) T
c
=
9
16f
D
= 0.0032
3) T
c
=
_
9
16
1
f
D
= 0.0076
But no matter which equation we use, we always get T
C
T
s
= 1s, hence we
have slow fading.
Ans: slow fading 1 mark
1
Solution to Question Two (5 marks):
(a)
For 8-PSK, the symbol error probability is given by P
s
= 2Q
_
2
s
sin
_

8
_
.
To obtain P
s
= 10
3
, we need
s
=
0
= 37.
Therefore, the SNR per symbol in fading channel needs to be above 37 for
98% of time (i.e., an outage probability of 0.02). The average SNR per symbol
is then given by

s
=

0
ln(1 P
out
)
= 1.83 10
3
Ans: 1.83 10
3
or 32.63 dB. 2 marks
(b)
For 8-QAM, the symbol error probability is given by P
s
= 4Q
_
_
3
s
7

, where

s
is the SNR per symbol averaged over all possible 8 symbols in the constellation
(note that this is not averaged over the fading process). To obtain P
s
= 10
3
,
we need
s
=
0
= 29.
With the average SNR per symbol of
s
= 1.83 10
3
(note that this is
averaged over the fading process), the outage probability is given by
P
out
= 1 exp
_

0

s
_
= 0.0157
Ans: 0.0157 or 1.57% 2 marks
(c)
Ans: 8-QAM has a better outage performance. 1 mark
2
Solution to Question Three (6 marks):
(a)
For a 8-branch SD scheme, the average post-processing SNR is given by

8
i=1
1
i
, where is the average pre-processing SNR in each branch.
For a M-branch MRC scheme, the average post-processing SNR is given by

= M , where is the average pre-processing SNR in each branch.

In order to have the same

, we need M =

8
i=1
1
i
, hence M =

8
i=1
1
i
=
2.7179. Since M must be a whole number, then M = 3.
Ans: 3 2 marks
(b)
Without diversity, the outage probability is given by
P( <
0
) = 1 exp(

0

)
= 1 exp(
10
100
) = 0.0952
This is because that the received SNR follows an exponential distribution.
Ans: 0.0952 1 mark
(c)
For SD scheme, the outage probability is given by
P
out
=
_
1 exp(

0

)
_
M
which needs to be at most 0.01. Hence, M = 2. With 2-branch SD scheme, the
outage probability is 0.0091.
For MRC scheme, the outage probability is given by
P
out
= 1 exp(

0

)
M

k=1
(
0
/ )
k1
(k 1)!
which needs to be at most 0.01. Hence, M = 2. With 2-branch MRC scheme,
the outage probability is 0.0047.
Ans:
Need 2 antennas for both SD and MRC schemes. 1 mark
In SD scheme, the outage probability is 0.0091. 1 mark
In MRC scheme, the outage probability is 0.0047. 1 mark
3
Solution to Question Four (3 marks):
(a)
User 1s signal power before despreading is -80 dBW = 10
8
W, which is the
same power after despreading. All the other interfering users have signal power
of -90 dBW = 10
9
W each before despreading. Therefore, the interfering power
after despreading is 10
9
/100 = 10
11
.
Ignoring the receiver noise, the SNR after despreading is given by SNR =
10
8
10
11
(K1)
=
1000
(K1)
Ans: SNR =
1000
(K1)
2 marks
(b)
We want SNR =
1000
(K1)
10, hence K = 101.
Ans: 101 (an answer of 100 is also OK) 1 mark
4
Solution to Question Five (3 marks):
(a)
The maximum channel delay is 5 s, which corresponds to 5/0.2 = 25 sam-
ples. Since the cyclic prex length is a power of two, the minimum length should
be 32.
Ans: 32 2 marks
(b)
With N = 256, the percentage of throughput loss is given by 32/(32+256) =
11.11%.
Ans 11.11% 1 mark
5