Finite Element Modelling and analysis of shallow composite shell

Mohd Junaid
1, a
, M. Naushad Alam
2, b
and Najeeb-ur-Rahman
3, c
1, 2, 3
Department of Mechanical n!ineerin!, A.M."., Ali!arh. 2#2##2, $ndia
a
mohdjunaid#1%!mail.com,
b
naushad&'(3%rediffmail.com,
c
najeebali!%rediffmail.com
Keywords: )hell, )hallo*, +omposite, ,M, A-A.").
Abstract. $n this stud/ shallo* composite shell is modelled in , soft*are A-A."). 0he c/lindrical laminated
shallo* composite shell has been considered. 0he 3D element 1+3D'R2 is used for the meshin! of the model. 0he
accurac/ of the used element is assessed for static response for simpl/ supported boundar/ condition. Results for
trans3erse deflection and stresses 1normal and shear2 of the composite shell subjected to bi-sinusoidal loadin! for
cantile3er boundar/ condition are presented.
Introduction
0he use of composite laminates in aerospace, na3al, automobile and other hi!h performance applications is !ro*in!
rapidl/ due to their hi!h stren!th-to-*ei!ht ratio, hi!h stiffness-to-*ei!ht ratio and their eas/ tailor abilit/ to an/ shape.
0he fibre reinforced pol/mer 1,R42 composites ha3e lar!e elastic modulus to shear modulus ratios, t/picall/ of the
order of 2# to 5# as a!ainst 2.( for isotropic materials. )hallo* shells 1*ith ma6imum span to minimum radius of
cur3ature ratio of #.5 or less2 ha3e al*a/s dra*n a special interest, for both isotropic and laminated anisotropic
composite structures, o*in! to the simplified !o3ernin! e7uations, and their *ide use in man/ structural s/stems.
8asin and 9apuria:1; ha3e de3eloped a four noded 7uadrilateral element for laminated plate to the laminated
shallo* shells, usin! the theor/ efficient la/er *ise theor/ 1<$=02. .atu et al. :2-3; re3ie*ed the recent literature on
static as *ell as d/namic beha3iour of composite shells and the theor/ applied for the anal/sis. 0he researches include
buc>lin! beha3iour 1includin! post buc>lin!2, complicatin! effects li>e pie?oelectricit/, stiffened shell and 3arious shell
!eometries. +arrera :@; o3er3ie*ed the a3ailable theories and finite elements that ha3e been de3eloped for multila/er,
anisotropic ,composites plate and shell structures this paper uses speciall/ the a6iomatic theories and related finite
element implementations. <han! et al. [5; de3eloped a four noded h/brid stress finite element for shallo* shell usin!
Aellin!er- Reissner functional the/ used unconstrained stress field and ta>in! trans3erse shear effects into account
ma>in! the element useful for moderatel/ thic> and thin plates as *ell as for shallo* shells. ,or the thin plates and shell
no shear loc>in! is considered. Niemi :(; used a four node shell finite element of arbitrar/ 7uadrilateral )hape
incorporatin! fi3e de!rees of freedom per node for the solution of static as *ell as 3ibration response. =ile*s>i and
Rad*ans>a :&; sur3e/ed literatures related to finite element models of moderatel/ thic> shells related *ith consistent
displacement and )tress Bmi6ed Bh/brid models.
After detailed literature sur3e/ it is obser3ed that 3er/ limited stud/ of comple6 structures li>e composite shells is
a3ailable. ,urther code de3elopment based on shell theor/ is difficult and re7uires lot of computational s>ill and time so
soft*are is a 3er/ !ood and suitable tool for modellin! and anal/sis. $n this stud/ shallo* composite shell is modelled
in , soft*are A-A."). 0he c/lindrical laminated shallo* composite shell has been considered. 0he 3D element
1+3D'R2 is used for the meshin! of the model. 0he accurac/ of the used element is assessed for static response for
simpl/ supported boundar/ condition. Results for trans3erse deflection and stresses 1normal and shear2 of the composite
shell subjected to bi-sinusoidal loadin! for cantile3er boundar/ condition are presented.
Modelling of shallow composite shell using AA!"#
$n present *or> shallo* composite shell as in the literature :1;

is modelled as a 3D deformable part usin! e6trusion
techni7ue. 0his part is then partitioned to create three la/ers for the laminated la/up. 0he non-dimensional entities are
e6pressed as ratios as follo*sC
)pan to thic>ness ratio )D aBhD5, *here aC dimension in lon!itudinal-direction, hC dimension in thic>ness-direction.
0he aspect ratio bBaD3 is considered, *here bC dimension in /-direction. R6BaD@, R/D E, *here R6, R/C radius of
cur3ature for 6, / dimensions respecti3el/. 0hen propert/ *as assi!ned to these partitions usin! composite option in the
propert/ module. "sin! this option different la/ers are oriented as 1#
F
BG#
F
B#
F
2. 0he 3arious en!ineerin! constants of the
material, that *e ha3e used, are !i3en as underC
D1&2.5=4a, D (.G=4a, D (.G=4a, D 1.3'=4a, D 3.@5=4a, D 3.@5=4a, D #.25, D #.25, D
#.25, Mass densit/ 1H2 D 1(##9!Bm
3
.
,or the static response anal/sis *e ha3e used static !eneral t/pes of procedure in )04 module. After that the model
is subjected to bi-sinusoidal pressure loadin! on the outer surface i.e. uniforml/ distributed pressure load, cantile3er
boundar/ condition is applied in IJAD module. -i-sinusoidal pressure loadin! is !i3en asC
D sin (x/a) sin (y/b).
$n order to discretise, the model is seeded *ith 13#61#632 elements in M)A module. ,or the meshin!, +3D'R t/pe
of element is used. $t is '-node linear bric> reduced inte!ration hour!lass control element. 0he !eometric order
considered is linear. After that the model is submitted for anal/sis.
$umerical %esults
0he shallo* shell element de3eloped in the present stud/ is 3alidated *ith the , solution a3ailable in the literature :1;
for stress 1normal and shear2 and trans3erse deflection of laminated shallo* shell *ith simpl/ supported boundar/
condition. 0he la/er stac>in! order is mentioned from bottom to top. $n all cases, the shell is modeled *ith mesh of
e7ual si?ed elements.
Static response of composite cylindrical shell
0he static response is obtained for bi-sinusoidal pressure loadin! applied on outer surface of the shell, !i3en b/
D sin(x/a) sin(y/b) *here a 6 b is the dimension of the rectan!ular plan-form of the shell. 0he results are
presented in the follo*in! non-dimensional formC
D 11##* 2Bh)
@
, D 1 B)
2
2, D 1 B)
2
2, D , 1 , 2 D 1
Khere the span-to-thic>ness ratio )DaBh and is ta>en as the 3alue of of the respecti3e materials for the
composite shell.
0o 3alidate as *ell as assess the present shallo* shell element in comparison *ith a3ailable finite elements, a three-
la/er 1#
F
BG#
F
B#
F
2 cross-pl/ shallo* c/lindrical shell has been anal/sed. 0he shell has a rectan!ular plan-form *ith bBa D 3
and R6Ba D @, R/ D E and is simpl/ supported at all ed!es. Due to s/mmetr/, onl/ a 7uarter of the shell is modelled. 0he
results for a thic> 1) D 52 shell are presented in 0able 1.0he obtained 3D , results are 7uite close to the reference :1;.
Khich pro3e the robustness of the , elements. $n 0able 2 )tatic response of 3 la/er c/lindrical shell 1#
F
BG#
F
B#
F
2 under
bi- sinusoidal pressure load for cantile3er boundar/ condition is presented. $n ,i!.1 the 3ariation of trans3erse
displacement *ith len!th 1b2 for +antile3er boundar/ condition is presented. $n ,i!.2 the 3ariation of stress *ith
len!th 1b2 for +antile3er boundar/ condition is presented. ,i!.3 sho*s the deflected shape of cantile3er c/lindrical shell
sho*in! the intensit/ of deflection. ,i!.@ sho*s the deflected shape of cantile3er c/lindrical shell sho*in! the intensit/
of stress .
&able 'C )tatic response of 3 la/er c/lindrical shell 1#
F
BG#
F
B#
F
2 under bi- sinusoidal pressure load
for simpl/ supported boundar/ condition 1)D52.
Entity
1#2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1#2 1#2
%ef. ['(
2.11 1.#' 1.11 #.2( #.@1 #.2#
)* FE
+AA!"#,
1.GG 1.#G #.'1 #.2( #.2G #.22
&able -C )tatic response of 3 la/er c/lindrical shell 1#
F
BG#
F
B#
F
2 under bi- sinusoidal pressure load
for cantile3er boundar/ condition 1)D52.
#
Entities
5 12&2G.2 '.#' 25.&( @.2' 32 5.25
1# 12523.5 1@.&G 2#.#@ &.&5 (.5G 2#.&3
Fig.'C 0he 3ariation of trans3erse displacement *ith len!th 1b2 for +antile3er boundar/ condition.
Fig.-C 0he 3ariation of stress *ith len!th 1b2 for +antile3er boundar/ condition.
Fig.): 0he deflected shape of cantile3er c/lindrical shell sho*in! the intensit/ of deflection.
Fig..: 0he deflected shape of cantile3er c/lindrical shell sho*in! the intensit/ of stress .
/onclusions
$n the present stud/ the modellin! and anal/sis of c/lindrical shell is done. 0he results obtained *ere compared *ith the
a3ailable results to chec> the correctness of the de3eloped model. 0he results ha3e been found to be in 3ar/ close
a!reement *hich pro3e the correctness and robustness of the model de3eloped usin! A-A."). 0he static response of
c/lindrical shell subjected to bi-sinusoidal loadin! sho* a deceasin! pattern *hen the span to thic>ness ratio is
increased. 0he 3ariations of the different entities of static response for cantile3er boundar/ conditions ha3e been
presented and follo*s !ood trends as a3ailable in the literature, *hich further supports the robustness of the element and
correctness of the de3eloped model usin! A-A.").
%eferences
:1; M. 8a7oob 8asin, ). 9apuria, an fficient Ia/er*ise ,inite lement for )hallo* +omposite
and )and*ich )hells, composite structure G' +2#132 2##-21@.
:2; M. ). .atu, . Asadi, K. Kan!, Re3ie* of recent literature on static anal/sis of composite
shellsC 2###-2#1#, Jpen Journal of +omposite Materials 2 12#122 (1L'(.
:3; M. ). .atu, R. K. )ulli3an, K. Kan!, Recent research ad3ances in d/namic beha3ior of composite
shellsC 2###-2##G, +omposite )tructures G3 12#1#2 1@L31.
:@; . +arrera, 0heories and finite elements for multila/ered anisotropic, composite plates and shells,
Archi3es of +omputational Methods in n!ineerin! G 12##22 '&L1@#.
:5; +. <han!, N. <han!, .. )on!, ). Di, A @-noded h/brid stress element *ith optimi?ed stress for
moderatel/ thic> and thin shallo* shells, ,inite lements in Anal/sis and Desi!n @# 12##@2 (G1L&#G.
:(; A. A. Niemi, A bilinear shell element based on a refined shallo* shell model, $nternational Journal for
Numerical Methods in n!ineerin! '1 12#1#2 @'5L512.
:&; K. =ile*s>i, M. Rad*ans>a, A sur3e/ of finite element models for the anal/sis of moderatel/
thic> shells, ,inite lements in Anal/sis and Desi!n G 11GG12 1L21.