PP - IGC2 - Element 8 - Sample 2nd Edn v.1.0

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IGC Second Edition - IGC2 Element 8 - v.1.0 - Slide 1

860400
NEBOSH NEBOSH
International International
General Certificate General Certificate
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Licence details
RMS Publishing
Victoria House, Lower High Street, Stourbridge DY8 1TA
RMS Publishing.
SecondEditionMarch2012.
All rights reserved. No part of this presentation maybe stored in a retrieval system, reproduced, or transmitted in anyformor byany means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordingor otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers.
This presentation maynot be lent, resold, hiredout or otherwise disposedof by wayof trade in anyformother than that in which it is published,
without the prior consent of the Publishers.
Whilst everyeffort is made to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information containedherein, ACT can bear no liabilityfor any
omission or error.
Issued to:
Single Licence
Licence No: 860400
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NEBOSH NEBOSH
International International
General Certificate General Certificate
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Unit IGC2 Unit IGC2
Control of Control of
international international
workplace risks workplace risks
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Element 8 Element 8
Physical and Physical and
psychological health psychological health
hazards and risk control hazards and risk control
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8.1 Outline the health effects associated with exposure
to noise and appropriate control measures
8.2 Outline the health effects associated with exposure
to vibration and appropriate control measures
8.3 Outline the principle health effects associated with
heat, ionising and non-ionising radiation and basic
protection techniques
8.4 Outline the causes and effects of stress at work and
appropriate control measures
Learning outcomes
Physical and psychological health hazards and risk control
IGC2 - Element 8 - Physical and psychological health hazards and risk control March 2012
Sample of PowerPoint presentation for NEBOSH International General Certificate 1
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8.1 Noise
8.2 Vibration
8.3 Radiation
8.4 Stress
Contents
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8.1 Noise
8.2 Vibration
8.3 Radiation
8.4 Stress
Contents
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Physical and psychological effects on hearing of exposure to
noise
The meaning of common sound measurement terms
Acceptable and unacceptable levels of noise and
assessment
Basic noise control measures
Personal hearing protection
The role of health surveillance
Occupations with potential noise exposure problems
Noise
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The ear has 3 basic regions:
Outer
Middle
Inner
Physical and psychological effects on hearing of
exposure to noise
Noise
Source: www.echalk.co.uk
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exposure to noise
Physical effects of noise
Excessive noise over long
periods can cause damage to:
- Hairs (nerves) in the cochlea
Results in:
- Noise induced hearing loss
(deafness)
- Temporary threshold shift
(TTS)
- Permanent threshold shift
(PTS)
- Tinnitus ringing in the ears
Source: Australia, SafeWork SA
Noise
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Noise is often linked with adverse psychological effects such
as:
- Stress
- Sleep disturbance
- Aggressive behaviour
Frequently cited as the cause of conflict between workers:
- Noisy office environment
exposure to noise
Psychological effects of noise
Noise
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For noise to occur power must be available
It is the sound power of a source (measured in Watts) that
causes the sound pressure (measured in Pascals) to occur at
a specific point
Sound power and pressure
Noise
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The amplitude of a sound wave represents the intensity of the
sound pressure
When measuring the amplitude of sound there are two main
parameters of interest:
- Root mean square (rms) and peak level
Rms sound pressure is used for the majority of noise
measurements
Sound waves travel through air at the 'speed of sound' which
is approximately equal to 344 m/s
A sound can have a frequency or pitch, which is measured in
cycles per second (Hz)
Intensity and frequency
Noise
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Source: RMS
Rms and peak levels of a sound wave
Intensity and frequency
Noise
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The decibel scale
The ear can detect pressures over a very wide range, from 20
Pa to 20 Pa (Pascals)
The decibel (dB) is used to measure noise
A decibel is a unit of sound pressure (intensity) measured on
a logarithmic scale from a base level taken to be the threshold
of hearing (0dB)
Typical noise levels include:
Noise
Threshold of hearing 0 Machine Shop 90
Library 30 Smoke detector at 1 metre 105
Radio in average room 70 Night club 110
Source dB Source dB
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The decibel scale
Weighting scales - the terms dB(A) and dB(C)
Sound level meters use weighting scales or filters
Most widely used is the A scale
Measurements made on this scale are expressed as dB(A) or
referred to as 'A weighted
The C scale is used to determine peak sound pressure levels
Has a broader spectrum than that of the A weighted scale
Measurements made on this scale are expressed as dB(C)
The range of frequencies that we encounter is often divided
into octave bands
Noise
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assessment
Acceptable and unacceptable levels of noise
Article 16 of the ILO
Occupational Safety and
Health Convention C155
Noise in the workplace is a
likely hazard related to
machinery and work
processes
It is an example of a
physical agent risk that
should be controlled
Noise
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assessment
Action and limit values approach
Noise
Source: UK, Control of Noise at Work Regulations
140 dB 137 dB 135 dB Peak sound pressure (C-
weighted)
87 dB 85 dB 80 dB Dailyor weekly personal noise
exposure (A-weighted)
Exposure limit
values
Upper exposure
action values
Lower exposure
action values
Lower exposure action values
Upper exposure action values
Exposure limit values
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assessment
Action and limit values approach
Noise
Source: RMS
Noise hazard sign/Mandatory hearing protection sign
Source: Key Signs
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assessment
In conducting the assessment the employer should assess
the level of noise the workers are exposed to by:
- Observation
- Reference to information on expected levels for work
conditions and equipment
- If necessary by measurement of the level of noise to
which their workers may be exposed
Noise
The need for assessment of exposure to noise
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assessment
Noise
Noise measurement
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Sound pressure level meters are used to measure the:
Sound pressure level (L
p
) - the intensity of sound at a given
moment in time at a given position
Equivalent continuous sound level (L
eq
) - an average
measure of intensity of sound over a reference period
Daily personal exposure level, dB(A), L
EP,d
or L
Aep,8h
- this is
equivalent to the L
eq
over an 8-hour working day
Peak pressure level, L
peak
or L
C,peak
- this is the peak level of
the sound pressure wave with no time constant applied
Noise
assessment
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Consideration should be made to:
Other working methods
Choice of appropriate work equipment
Design and layout of workplaces, work stations and rest
facilities
Suitable and sufficient information and training for workers
Reduction of noise by technical means
Appropriate maintenance programmes for work equipment
Limitation of the duration and intensity of exposure to noise
Appropriate work schedules with adequate rest periods
Noise
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Noise can be controlled at
different points in the
following chain:
- The source
- The path
- The receiver
Main methods of noise
control:
- Isolation
- Absorption
- Insulation
- Damping
- Silencing
Noise
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Source: RMS
Basic layout of the main control methods
Noise
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Other specialist control methods include:
Force reduction - reduce impacts by using rubber pads or
lower drop heights
Air exhaust and jet silencers - proprietary silencers can be
used
Acti ve - equal but opposite phase noise can cancel a
problem noise
Noise
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Protect the user from the adverse effects on hearing caused
by exposure to high levels of noise
All hearing protection must be capable of reducing exposure
to below the acceptable noise level set Nationally by the
competent authority
For example, 85dB (A) averaged over 8 hours
Purpose
Noise
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Application and limitations of various types
Noise
Theyare subject to hygiene
problems unless care is takento
keepthemclean.
Correct size maybe required.
Shouldbe determinedbya
competent person.
Interferes with communication.
Worninside the ear, difficult to
monitor.
Easyto use and store - but must
be insertedcorrectly.
Available inmanymaterials and
designs, disposable.
Relativelylightweight and
comfortable. Canbe wornfor long
periods.
These are inserted in the ear canal
andare:
Pre-moulded.
User formable.
Custommoulded.
Bandedplugs.
Limitations: Application: Ear plugs:
Canbe uncomfortable when worn
for longperiods.
Incompatibility with other forms of
PPE.
Effectiveness maybe
compromisedbyfor example, long
hair, spectacles etc.
Requires correct storage facilities
andregular maintenance.
Wornonthe outside of the ear so
less chance of infection.
Clearlyvisible therefore easyto
monitor.
Canbe integratedinto other forms
of personal protective equipment
(PPE), for example, head
protection.
These completely cover the ear and
are:
Banded.
Helmet mounted.
Communicationmuffs.
Limitations: Application: Earmuffs:
Source: RMS
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Part only of the complete Part only of the complete
Element 8 Element 8 - - Physical and Physical and
psychological health hazards psychological health hazards
and risk control and risk control

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IGC Second Edition - IGC2 Element 8 - v.1.0 - Slide 1

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