MOBILITY IN HISTORY

THEMES IN TRANSPORT
T
2
M Yearbook 2011
Edited by :
Gijs Mom
Peter Norton
Georgine Clarsen
Gordon Pirie
ditions Alphil Presses universitaires suisses
ditions Alphil Presses universitaires suisses, 2010
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2002 Neuchtel 2
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191
LOOKING FOR LATIN AMERICAN URBAN MOBILITY HISTORY
Toms Errzuriz
Pontifcia Universidad Catlica de Chile
In an article published for the fftieth anniversary of The Journal of Transport
History, Gijs Mom points out the important distinction between transport and
mobility history. After analyzing the predominance of the economic approach
and studies of specifc transport modes, he calls for
a history of transport as a whole, provided we interpret this plea not
as a simple addition of other modes, but as an attempt to break down the
walls that have been built around each transport mode. That would open
the door to an integrated transport history, which, in the opinion of this
author, might better be termed mobility history.
1

Adapting Moms query, What kind of transport history did we get ? this
paper reviews scholarship on urban mobility history in Latin American during
the last half century.
Few histories of Latin American cities have focused on urban transport
systems, the daily commute, road infrastructure and urban design.
2
Despite this
1
G. Mom, What kind of transport history did we get ? Half a century of Journal of Transport
History and the future of the feld, Journal of Transport History, 24 :2 (2003), 121-138.
2
J. R. Scobie, Buenos Aires : del centro a los barrios, 1870-1910 (Buenos Aires : Solar, 1977) ; J. S.
Correa, Urban development and urban transport : the Medellin tramway, 1919-1950, Colombian
Economic Journal, 62 :1 (2003), 60-94 ; M. Camarena, El Tranva en poca de cambio, Historias,
192
TOMS ERRZURIZ
inattention to mobility within general urban history, one can identify more inter-
est in transport issues from other approaches such as economic history and the
history of technology.
The economic history approach is by far the most common. Historians have
studied the infuence of European and North American electric and railway
companies in Latin American cities, using a particular companys history to
show how industrialized countries expanded their markets to Latin America.
Cases of particular emphasis are the Belgian, German, British and Canadian
investments in Ro de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires and Mexico City.
3

Others have investigated the conficts these powerful enterprises generated in
the cities where they operated, especially in Brazil from the 1880s to the 1930s.
4

27 (October-March 1992), 141-146 ; E. J. Stann, Transportation and Urbanization in Caracas,
1891-1936, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 17 :1 (1975), 82 -100 ; M. Vidrio,
Sistema de transporte y expansin urbano : los tranvas in A. Moreno (et al.), Ciudad de Mxico :
Ensayo de Construccin de una Historia (Mxico : SEP, Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e
Historia, Departamento de Investigaciones Histricas, 1978) ; A. Pachn and M. T. Ramrez,
La infraestructura de transporte en Colombia durante el siglo XX (Bogot : Ediciones Fondo
de Cultura Econmica, 2006) ; P. Gross, Imagen ambiental de Santiago, 1880-1930 (Santiago :
Ediciones Universidad Catlica de Chile, 1984) ; M. I. Pavez, En la ruta de Juan Parrochia Beguin :
Premio Nacional de Urbanismo, Chile, 1996 : formacin y resea de su obra en vialidad y trans-
porte masivo (Santiago de Chile : Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile,
2003) ; J. Aprile-Gniset, La ciudad Colombiana. Siglo XIX y Siglo XX (Santaf de Bogot : Talleres
Grfcos Banco Popular, 1992).
3
A. Martnez, Belgian investment in tramways and light railways. An international approach,
18921935, Journal of Transport History, 24 :1 (2003), 59-77 ; J. F. Rippy, British Investment
in Latin-American Electrical Utilities, The Hispanic American Historical Review, 34 :2 (May,
1954), 251-255 ; J. F. Rippy, British Investments in Latin America (Minneapolis : University of
Minnesota Press, 1959) ; G. Nahm, Las inversiones extranjeras y la transferencia de tecnolo-
gia entre Europa y America Latina : el ejemplo de las grandes compaias electricas alemanas en
Argentina, Scripta Nova,, 1 (March, 1997) ; http ://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn-1.htm (Last visited :
March, 2010) ; C. Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, Southern Exposure : Canadian Promoters in Latin
America and the Caribbean, 1896-1930 (Toronto : University of Toronto Press, I988) ; J. Lutz, Light
and Shadows : Canadian Capitalists in Latin America and the Caribbean, Journal of Canadian
Studies, 28 (1993), 192-7 ; J. C. M. Ogelsby, Gringos from the Far North. Essays in the history of
Canadian - Latin American relations 1866-1968 (Toronto : The MacMillan of Canada, McLean-
Hunter Press, 1976) ; H. L. Robinson, American & Foreign Power Company in Latin America :
A Case Study, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1967 ; D. McDowall, The
Light : Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company Limited, 1899-I941 (Toronto : University of
Toronto Press, 1988) ; W. E. French, The Nature of Canadian Investment in Mexico, 1902-1915 :
A Study of the Incorporation and History of the Mexican Light and Power Company, the Mexico
Tramways Company and the Mexico North Western Railway, M. A. Thesis, University of Calgary,
Department of History, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1981 ; A. R. Lind, From Horsecars to Streamliners :
An Illustrated History of the St. Louis Car Co. (Park Forest IL : Transport History Press, 1978) ; R.
Liehr and M. Torres, From Free-Standing Company to Public Enterprise : the Mexican Light and
Power Company and the Mexican Tramways Company, 1902-1965, Paper presented in the XIII
Economic History Congress, Buenos Aires, 22-26 July, 2002 ; J. F. Rippy, Latin America and the
Industrial Age (New York : Putnam, 1944).
4
C. G. Boone, Streetcars and Politics in Rio de Janeiro : Private Enterprise versus Municipal
Government in the Provision of Mass Transit, 1903-1920, Journal of Latin American Studies,
27 :2 (May, 1995), 343-365 ; C. Honorato, O polvo e o porto. A cia. Docas de Santos (1888-1914)
(So Paulo : Hucitec,1996) ; C. Hansen, O poder da Companhia Brasileira de Energia Eltrica em
Petrpolis (1909-1927), M. A. Thesis, Instituto de Cincias Humanas e Filosofa, UFF, Rio de
193
LOOKING FOR LATIN AMERICAN URBAN MOBILITY HISTORY
Several studies explore the relations between the British-Argentinean streetcar
industry in Buenos Aires and local political powers.
5
Anton Rosenthal studied
the struggles of the Montevideo streetcar workers.
6
In most of these cities, the
monopoly of electricity supply held by these companies, and consequently over
trams and lighting systems, resulted in long-standing battles between the enter-
prises and local governments. While some municipalities tried to stabilize prices
and oversee contract compliance, the frms repeatedly sought fare increases or
other advantages. By the late 1920s, tensions between enterprises and the local
governments were fertile ground for the rise of a third actor that promised to
break the monopoly and solve the public transport problem : the buses. Though
these vehicles played an essential role in most Latin American cities during the
second quarter of the twentieth century, they have not yet been researched in
depth.
Like foreign electric companies, foreign automobile manufacturers were
also infuential in Latin American transport. In an expansive strategy, Ford and
General Motors installed automotive plants in many Latin American cities.
Studies have focused on Argentina and Brazil, the largest markets for the United
States car industry.
7
These analyses suggest that, unlike the electric companies
experience, automotive installations were welcomed by local governments and
authorities, who associated them with national progress and economic growth.
Janeiro/Niteri, 2006 ; D. McDowall, Light, a histria da empresa que modernizou o Brasil, (Rio
de Janeiro : Ediouro, 2008) ; A. Macchione, Confitos do capital : Light versus CBEE na formao
do capitalismo brasileiro (1898-1927), Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Instituto de Economia da
Unicamp, So Paulo, 2008 ; A. Macchione, Modernizao e concentrao do transporte urbano em
Salvador (1849-1930), Revista Brasileira de Histria, 27 :54 (2007), 219-238.
5
R. J. Walter, Politics and urban growth in Buenos Aires : 1910-1942 (New York : Cambridge
University Press, 1993) ; R. G. Heras, State Intervention in Urban Passenger Transportation : The
Transport Corporation of Buenos Aires, 1939-1962, Hispanic American Historical Review, 74 :1
(February, 1994), 83-110 ; R. Garca Heras, Transportes negocios y poltica. La Compaa Anglo
Argentina de Tranvas, 1876-1981 (Buenos Aires : Sudamericana, 1994) ; R. G. Heras, Capitales
extranjeros, poder politico, y transporte urbano de pasajeros : La Compafia de Tranvias Anglo
Argentina Ltda. de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1930-1943, Desarrollo Econmico, 32 :125 (April-
June, 1992), 50-52.
6
A. Rosenthal, The Arrival of the Electric Streetcar and the Confict over Progress in Early
Twentieth-Century Montevideo, Journal of Latin American Studies, 27 :2 (May, 1995), 319-341 ;
A. Rosenthal, Streetcar Workers and the Transformation of Montevideo : The General Strike of
May 1911, The Americas, 51 :4 (April, 1995), 471-494. For other Latin American cities see : R. J.
Walter, Politics and Urban Growth in Santiago, Chile, 1891-1941 (California : Stanford University
Press, 2005) ; J. C. Herken, Ferrocarriles, conspiraciones y negocios en el Paraguay, 1910-1914
(Asuncin : Arte Nuevo, 1984).
7
J. Almeida, A Implantao da Indstria Automobilstica no Brasil. Da substituio de impor-
taes ativa globalizao passiva (Rio de Janeiro, 1972) ; B. Heloiz, Formaao da Industria
Automoliblistica Brasileira (Sao Paulo : IGEOG-USP, 1976) ; B. Heloiz, Poltica de Implantao da
Indstria Automobilstica na Amrica Latina (So Paulo : Instituto de Geografa - USP, 1975) ; R.
Downes, Autos over Rails : How US Business Supplanted the British in Brazil, 1910-28, Journal
of Latin American Studies, 24 : 3 (October, 1992), 551-583 ; G. Grandin, Fordlandia : The Rise and
Fall of Henry Fords Forgotten Jungle City (New York : Metropolitan Books, 2009) ; R. Garca
Heras, Automotores norteamericanos. Caminos y modernizacin urbana en la Argentina 1918-1939
(Buenos Aires : Libros de Hispanoamrica, 1985).
194
TOMS ERRZURIZ
Historians of technology have studied Latin American trams, and trains and
their related systems.
8
Allen Morrison has undertaken one of the most impres-
sive surveys of Latin American electric transport history. His web site provides
the most complete survey of the history of electric transport systems in Latin
America.
9
Many historians of Latin American urban mobility have studied specifc
companies, local responses, the material impact of trams on cities, or particu-
lar vehicles and systems. A few examine urban transport as a combination of
systems,
10
but the main focus is on trams or vehicles with no analysis of the
urban mobility phenomenon as a whole.
Of those few historians who have studied cultural aspects of urban mobility,
many emphasize automobiles.
11
Others offer clues to urban mobility practices,
8
R. Yudin, Costa Rica Electrics : Costa Rica Electric Light & Traction Co. - San Jos Tramway,
Traction & Models, (October, 1975) ; A. L. Minter, Medelln City Transport : A History, Tramway
Review, 172 (Winter, 1997) - 173 (Spring, 1998) ; J. E. Merriken, The Panama Tramways,
National Railway Historical Society Bulletin, 36 :4 (1971), 8-15 ; M. Jenkins, The Tramways of
Mexico. Part 1 : Mexico City, Modern Tramway and Rapid Transit Review, 37 :439 (July, 1974),
232-241 ; M. Jenkins, The tramways of Mexico, Part 2 : Vera Cruz, Modern Tramway and Rapid
Transit Review, 37 :441 (September, 1974), 299-305 ; M. Jenkins, The tramways of Mexico, Part
3 : Tampico and El Paso Juarez, Modern Tramway and Rapid Transit Review, 37 :442 (October,
1974), 334-339 ; L. Cordero, La Venezuela del Viejo Ferrocarril (Caracas : Ediciones Presidencia
de la Repblica, 1990) ; A. Regal, Historia de los Ferrocarriles de Lima (Lima : Instituto de Vas de
Transporte, 1965).
9
Electric transport in Latin America. Past & present, http ://www.tramz.com/ (Last visited :
March, 2010). Also see A. Morrison, The tramways of Brazil : a 130-years survey (New York :
Bonde Press, 1985) ; A. Morrison, The Tramways of Chile, 1858-1978 (New York : Bonde Press,
1992) ; A. Morrison, Latin America by Streetcar. A Pictorial History of Urban Rail Transport (New
York : Bonde Press, 1996).
10
R. Esquivel, Sociedad y transporte urbano en Bogot (1865-1950), Memoria y Sociedad, 1 :2
(October, 1996) ; R. Esquivel, Economa y transporte urbano en Bogot (1884-1930), Memoria
y Sociedad, 2 :4 (November, 1997), 39-61 ; W. Corra Stiel, Histria dos Transportes Coletivos
em So Paulo (So Paulo : Editora McGraw-Hill do Brasil, 1978) ; L. E. Rodrguez and S. Nez,
Empresas pblicas de transporte en Bogot siglo XX, Alcalda Mayor de Bogot D.C. (Bogot :
Secretara General Archivo de Bogot, 2003) ; A. L. Minter, Medelln City Transport : A History
(Sandwich : England, 1991) ; B. A. Gallot, Los transportes habaneros (La Habana : Instituto de
Investigaciones del Transporte, 1991) ; L. M. Marmaouget, Los Transportes (Montevideo : Nuestra
Tierra, 1970) ; M. L. Pereira da Silva, Os Transportes Colectivos na Cidade do Ro de Janeiro (Ro
de Janeiro : Biblioteca Carioca, 1992) ; H. Baracchini, Historia de las comunicaciones en el Uruguay
(Montevideo : Universidad de la Repblica, 1977).
11
G. Giucci, Amor sobre ruedas : el automvil en los trpicos, Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos,
601-602 (July-August, 2000), 27-38 ; G. Giucci, La vida cultural del automvil. Rutas de la
modernidad cintica (Buenos Aires : Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Prometeo, 2007) ; N.
Garca-Canclini, A. Castellanos and A. Rosas, La ciudad de los viajeros. Travesas e imaginarios
urbanos : Mxico, 1940-2000 (Mxico, D. F. : Grijalbo, 1996) ; T. Errzuriz, Santiago/Chile on
wheels, ICON, 13 (2007), 125-134 ; T. Errzuriz, La experiencia del trnsito. Motorizacin y
vida cotidiana en el Santiago metropolitano, 1900-1931, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Pontifcia
Universidad Catlica de Chile, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseo y Estudios Urbanos, 2010 ; R.
Booth, Automviles y Carreteras. Movilidad, modernizacin y transformacin territorial en Chile,
1913-1931, unpublished Ph.D dissertation, Pontifcia Universidad Catlica de Chile, Facultad de
Arquitectura, Diseo y Estudios Urbanos, 2009 ; J. Wolfe, Autos and progress : the Brazilian search
for modernity (Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2010).
195
LOOKING FOR LATIN AMERICAN URBAN MOBILITY HISTORY
but do not use rigorous historical methods. This literature includes chronicles,
memoirs, tributes, albums, and general histories. By default, however, such
works must be a fundamental source. As in other cases, Brazils main cities get
the most attention, especially for their public transport systems.
12
Most of these
works were sponsored by the current transport companies. There is a similar
literature for Buenos Aires, Bogot and Mexico City.
13
By contrast, research on
Venezuela and Uruguay includes automobile history, sponsored and written by
collectors associated with automobile museums.
14

12
C. J. Dunlop, Apontamentos para a Historia dos Bondes no Rio de Janeiro : a Companhia Ferro-
Carril do Jardim Botanico (Rio de Janeiro : Editora Grfca Laemmert, 1953) ; V. C. Gonalves,
Automvel no Brasil ; 1893-1966 (So Paulo : Editra do Automvel,1966) ; C. J. Dunlop, Os
meios de transporte do Rio antigo. Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro : Grupo de Planejamento Grfco,
1973) ; M. Ovadia, Cento e Onze Anos de Transporte : Do Bonde de Mulas ao Transporte Seletivo
(Porto Alegre : 1980) ; W. Correa, Historia do transporte urbano no Brasil. Historia dos bondes
e trlebus e las cidades onde eles trafegaram (Braslia DF : Empresa Brasileira dos Transportes
urbanos, Editora PINI, 1984) ; M. O. Lopes, Pequena Histria dos Transportes Pblicos de So
Paulo (So Paulo : Museu CMTC dos Transportes Pblicos, 1985) ; R. Maranho, (ed.), Histria &
Energia. A chegada da Light (So Paulo : Eletropaulo,1986) ; Centro da Memria da Eletricidade
no Brasil, Memria da Eletricidade, Companhia de Eletricidade do Estado da Bahia, Memria da
eletricidade. Acervo histrico da Companhia de Eletricidade do Estado da Bahia (Rio de Janeiro :
Centro de Memria da Eletricidade e Coelba, 1995) ; N. Santos, Meios de transporte no Rio de
Janeiro : histria e legislao (Rio de Janeiro : Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Secretaria
Municipal de Cultura, Departamento Geral de Documentao e Informao Cultural, Diviso de
Editorao,1996) ; A. Feltrin and M. R. Silba, 100 anos do transporte urbano no Brasil (Braslia :
NTU, Associao Nacional das Empresas de Transportes Urbanos, 1997) ; W. Correa, nibus. Uma
historia do transporte colectivo e do desenvolvimento urbano no Brasil (So Paulo : Associao
Nacional de Transportes Coletivos ANTP - Cultural, 2001) ; L. Lobo de Mendona and C. de Castro
Leal Costa Reis, Cidade em movimento : energia eltrica e meios de transporte na cidade do Rio de
Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro : Centro da Memria da Eletricidade no Brasil, Memria da Eletricidade,
2001) ; M. Forest, Automveis de So Paulo : memria fotogrfca de pessoas, automveis e locali-
dades do Estado de So Paulo (So Paulo : Arquivo do Estado, Imprensa Ofcial, 2002).
13
For Colombia see : A. S. Gnecco, Cuando Bogot tuvo tranva (Bogot : Instituto Colombiano
de Cultura, 1973) ; J. Salazar, De la mula al camin : apuntes para una historia del transporte en
Colombia (Santa F de Bogot : Tercer Mundo Editores, 2000) ; J. C. Prgolis and J. A. Valenzuela,
El libro de los buses de Bogot (Bogot : Universidad Catlica de Colombia / Sistema Integrado de
transporte S.A, 2007). For Argentina see : H. N. Casal, Historia del colectivo (Buenos Aires : Centro
Editor de Amrica Latina, 1971) ; A. Gonzlez Podest, Los tranvas de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires :
Asociacin Amigos del Tranva, 1986) ; C. G. Werckenthien, El tranva en Buenos Aires (Buenos
Aires : Ediciones Tursticas, 2007). For Mexico see : M. Martnez del Ro de Redo, El transporte en
la historia de Mxico (Mxico : Artes de Mxico, 1972) ; H. M. Romero, Historia del transporte en la
Ciudad de Mxico : de la trajinera al metro (Mxico : Secretara General de Desarrollo Social, 1987) ;
G. Esparza, Los 101 Aos del Transporte Elctrico en la ciudad de Mxico (Mxico : 2001). For
other Latin American countries see : T. H. Stephenson, Peruvian Trams and Railways : An Illustrated
History (London : Minerva, 1995) ; J. C. Arroyo, Apuntes para una Historia del Transporte Urbano
de Lima, in http ://www.monografas.com/trabajos24/transporte-urbano-lima/transporte-urbano-
lima.shtml (last visited : March, 2010) ; R. Lira, Los viejos tranvas se van (Santiago de Chile :
1955) ; S. Sand, Viajando sobre rieles en Costa Rica : El tranva (San Jos, Costa Rica : Compaa
Nacional de Fuerza y Luz, 2000) ; E. E. Huyke, Historia de la Transportacin en Puerto Rico (San
Juan : Editorial Cordillera, 1973) ; R. A. Hall, Trolley-Car Memories, 1915-1960 (Ithaca, NY : Self
published, 1982).
14
For Venezuela see : G. Schael, El automvil en Venezuela : apuntes para la historia (Caracas :
1969) ; E. Mendoza, J. A. Giacopini and N. Zuloaga, Evolucin del transporte en Venezuela
(Caracas : Fundacin Eugenio Mendoza, 1970) ; A. J. Schael, Transportes en Venezuela (Caracas :
Fundacin Museo del Transporte, 2000) ; A. J. Schael (ed.), Venezuela, 100 aos en automvil
196
TOMS ERRZURIZ
The literature reviewed suggests that the feld needs a new research area of
comparative studies of urban transport in Latin American, which are limited
to a few studies on foreign investments in urban transport. For comparative
work historians could use the market research reports of the U.S. Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce, which were intended to promote exports after
the First World War, or the reports of the Panamerican Highway Association
from the 1920s. Another source are the constant exchanges between local traffc
departments, and between automobile clubs and chauffer organizations. Finally,
comparative studies could also be supported by some contemporary approaches
to urban transport, such as those found in publications of the Inter-American
Development Bank or of ECLAC. Subjects of comparative study could include
dependence on foreign technologies, the priority of public transport systems
over private, the lack of road infrastructure, and the long coexistence of motor
vehicles and animal-drawn vehicles.
There is no feld of urban mobility history in Latin America. Except for the
few works related to urban history and urban mobility culture, most publica-
tions consider the city only as a static background or context in which mobility
occurs. The focus on specifc vehicles and producers, and the evolution of trans-
port systems through history (to use Moms terms), refers more to a transport
history than a mobility history. A fully fedged urban mobility history will
require researchers to move from fragmented surveys of transport modes to new
approaches that consider the movement of people and goods in the particular
context of a certain urban area. This comprehensive perspective can be achieved
only through a wider research scope that includes several neglected topics in
the region such as mobility practices and consumption, traffc, technology and
infrastructure coexistence and change, gender, and transnational transfers.

(Caracas : Fundacin Museo del Transporte, 2004). For Uruguay see : . Casal, El automvil en
el Uruguay. Los aos heroicos 1900-1930 (Montevideo : Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1981) ;
A. Casal, El automvil en Amrica del Sur. Orgenes. Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay
(Montevideo : Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1996) ; M. Silvera, Historia del transporte en el
Uruguay (Montevideo : Ediciones El Galen, 2002) ; M. Silvera Antnez, COPSA Desde 1930 una
vida juntos (Montevideo : Ediciones El Galen, 2005) ; R. Marino, Breve historia de los medios de
transporte en Uruguay : siglos XIX y XX (Uruguay : Ediciones Polifemo, 2009).
289
CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................... 7
Gijs Mom
I THEMES IN TRANSPORT
THE MOBILITY PARADIGM AND MARITIME HISTORY ...................................... 13
Garth Wilson
AUTOMOBILITY SOUTH OF THE WEST :
TOWARD A GLOBAL CONVERSATION ............................................................ 25
Georgine Clarsen
II REVISITING THE CLASSICS
Clay McShane (guest editor)
FOREWORD ............................................................................................. 45
Clay McShane
A GIANT SPIDER WEB, HANGING FULL OF DEAD FLIES ? :
THE RISE OF THE TRAM (1870-1910) .......................................................... 49
Ruud Filarski
RESIDENT ALIEN :
FRANCES AMBIVALENT RELATIONSHIP TO THE TRAMWAY BEFORE 1914 ......... 71
Arnaud Passalacqua
DISTINCITIVE BUT NOT EXCEPTIONAL :
INNOVATION IN URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1832-1902 .......... 87
Clay McShane
FOLLOWING THE AMERICAN SISTER REPUBLIC :
URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SWITZERLAND 1870-1910 ............................ 105
Cdric Humair
TOWARD NEW ROUTES IN TRAMWAY HISTORY ........................................... 127
Barbara Schmucki
TRANSCRIPTION OF AN INTERVIEW WITH JOHN P. MCKAY,
SEPTEMBER 2009 ...........................................................................135
290
III COUNTRIES AND CONTINENTS
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF FLIGHT IN CANADA : TIME FOR A CHANGE ? .......... 145
Liz Millward
MOBILITY SPOTTING :
RUNNING OFF THE RAILS IN THE TRANSPORT HISTORIOGRAPHY OF
THE UNITED KINGDOM ............................................................................ 151
Craig Horner
Julian Greaves
MOBILITY HISTORY IN GERMANY : ONE FIELD, MANY PERSPECTIVES ........... 159
Christopher Kopper
Heike Wolter
FAST GROWTH AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES :
SPAINS TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY HISTORY ............................................ 175
Javier Vidal
MOBILITY HISTORY IN MODERN MEXICO : AN UNEVEN LANDSCAPE ............. 183
Guillermo Guajardo Soto
LOOKING FOR LATIN AMERICAN URBAN MOBILITY HISTORY ........................ 191
Toms Errzuriz
IV TOPICS AND THEMES
MARITIME MOBILITIES IN PACIFIC HISTORY :
TOWARDS A SCHOLARSHIP OF BETWEENNESS ............................................. 199
Frances Steel
THE VIEW FROM ABOVE : A YEAR OF AEROMOBILITY HISTORY .................... 205
Liz Millward
RURAL TRANSPORTATION :
FROM A WRONG START TO AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE ? ................................... 211
Etienne Faugier
THE FABULOUS STORY OF CARPOOLING : FROM A SPONTANEOUS,
EPHEMERAL PRACTICE TO A SUSTAINABLE MEANS OF TRANSPORT ............... 217
Stphanie Vincent-Geslin
291
MOBILITY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION :
THE NEED OF A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH APPROACH .............................. 225
Regina Witter
Hanja-Niriana Maksim
THE AUTOMOBILE IN ART : FROM FETISH OBJECT OF DELECTATION
TO PROSTHETIC EXTENSION IN AN ECOLOGICAL MATRIX .............................. 235
Charissa Terranova
A CONTRADICTION IN TERMS ?
THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF EAST BLOC TOURISM ......................................... 243
Mark Keck-Szajbel
Heike Wolter
STILL A LONG WAY TO TRAVEL :
GENDER AND MOBILITY HISTORY REVISITED .............................................. 255
Margaret Walsh
BICYCLE HISTORY AS TRANSPORT HISTORY :
THE CULTURAL TURN .............................................................................. 265
Manuel Stoffers
Harry Oosterhuis
Peter Cox
THE REDISCOVERY OF THE MOTORCYCLE IN HISTORY ................................. 275
Steve Koerner
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTERS ...................................................................... 283
Achev dimprimer
en novembre 2010
aux ditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses
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