Question Paper Reading

CONFIDENTIAL 2 LG/MAR 2014/ELC120
Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

PART A: READING COMPREHENSION (16 MARKS)

Read the text below and answer all the questions.

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If you are getting far more sodium than is recommended, this could lead to
serious health problems. You probably are not even aware of just how much
sodium is in your diet. A single teaspoon of table salt, which is a combination
of sodium and chloride, has 2,325 milligrammes (mg) of sodium and it is not
just table salt you have to worry about because many processed and prepared
foods contain sodium too.

Your body needs some sodium to function well. This is because sodium helps
to maintain the right balance of fluids in your body, transmit nerve impulses and
influence the contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Your kidneys naturally balance the amount of sodium stored in your body for
optimal health. When the sodium level in the body is low, your kidneys
essentially hold on to the sodium and when the sodium is high, your kidneys
excrete the excess in your urine. However, if for some reason your kidneys
cannot eliminate enough sodium, the sodium starts to build up in your blood.
Since sodium attracts and holds water, your blood volume increases. This
makes your heart work harder, causing pressure in your arteries to rise.
Diseases like congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease can
make it hard for your kidneys to keep sodium levels balanced.

The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,300 mg a day
or 1,500 mg if you're aged 51 or older, or if you have high blood pressure,
diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Keep in mind that these are upper limits,
and less is usually best, especially if you are sensitive to the effects of sodium.
If you are not sure how much sodium your diet should include, your doctor or
dietitian can assist you. They can recommend the right amount of salt your
body requires.

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The vast amount of sodium in your diet comes from foods that are processed
and prepared. These foods are typically high in salt and additives that contain
sodium. Processed foods include bread, prepared dinners like pasta, meat and
egg dishes, pizza, cheese, soups, and fast foods. Some foods naturally contain
sodium. These include all vegetables and dairy products, meat, and shellfish.
While they do not have an abundance of sodium, eating these foods does add
to your overall body sodium content. For example, 1 cup (237 millilitres) of low-
fat milk has about 100 mg of sodium. Many recipes call for salt, and many
people also add salt to their food at the table. Condiments may also contain
sodium. One tablespoon (15 millilitres) of soy sauce, for instance, has about
1,000 mg of sodium.

So, how can you tell which foods are high in sodium? If you consume a lot of
processed food, it is wise that you read food labels. The Nutrition Facts label
found on most packaged and processed foods lists the amount of sodium in
each serving. It also lists whether the ingredients include salt or sodium-
containing compounds, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), baking soda
(also called sodium bicarbonate), baking powder, disodium phosphate, sodium
alginate, sodium citrate and sodium nitrite. Try to avoid products with more than
200 mg of sodium per serving. Be sure you know how many servings are in a
package this information is also on the Nutrition Facts label.

Adapted from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium/NU00284

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QUESTION 1
What do the following in the passage refer to?

a) which (line 3)
b) This (line 15)
c) They (line 24)
d) these foods (line 31)
e) this information (line 45)
(5 marks)

QUESTION 2
Choose and write down the correct meaning of each of the following words as it is used in
the passage.

a) maintain (line 8)
i) keep
ii) uphold
iii) observe
iv) continue

b) excrete (line 13)
i) throw
ii) eject
iii) evacuate
iv) eliminate

c) limiting (line 19)
i) selecting
ii) reducing
iii) preserving
iv) maintaining


d) contain (line 34)
i) include
ii) control
iii) enclose
iv) compose

e) amount (line 39)
i) sum
ii) volume
iii) quantity
iv) aggregate
(5 marks)

QUESTION 3
Write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

a) Table salt is purely sodium.

b) Individuals with kidney diseases will encounter problems in maintaining sodium levels
in the body.

c) A 60-year-old man can consume a maximum of 2,300mg of sodium per day.

d) The Nutrition Facts label stipulates the number of servings to be taken by an
individual.
(2 marks)


QUESTION 4
Complete the table with information from the passage.

(4 marks)

A young or healthy individual is allowed to consume a) _________________mg of sodium
per day.

The b)________________ in the body keep sodium levels in check.

Vegetables and seafood are examples of c)_____________________ that contain sodium.

It is important to refer to d)________________ on the packages of processed food to
determine the sodium content.


PART B: READING COMPREHENSION (14 MARKS)

Read the text below and answer all the questions.

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IV

According to police statistics, a total of 3,223 children below 18 went missing
between 2008 and April last year. From this figure, only about 1,000 cases
were solved. In order to prevent the number of missing children from
increasing, a more holistic approach is needed. The approach involves revising
the law, putting in place a more efficient community alert system and increasing
awareness among parents.

The first approach that can be considered to solve this problem is by revising
the law. According to Bar Council president, Lim Chee Wee, Section 33 of the
Child Act 2001 is not the best answer to punish negligent parents. This is
because it is not easy to classify the kind of parental ill-treatment or negligence
that should result in criminal prosecution. According to Lim, to date, there have
been no cases of anyone being charged or convicted under Section 33. It is
because the term reasonable in the section is open to many different
interpretations. Thus, the act should be revised so that a clear-cut definition can
be made and careless guardians be prosecuted.

Lim goes on to add that the setting up of a non-governmental organization,
similar to the United Kingdom's National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Children, might help improve child welfare. Even though it would not solve the
problem of missing children, at least the number of missing children cases can
be reduced if such an organization exists.

Lim also strongly believes that every child is entitled to protection and
assistance in all circumstances. This means that protection and assistance
should be provided by everyone and not just the parents. A better security
system will ensure childrens safety too. For instance, the police should look
closely into every case to identify the reasons for children disappearing as it is
not always due to abduction. A number of other reasons for children going

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missing include parental negligence and the lack of comfort at home. It could
also be a case of children running away with their lovers.

Society should lend a helping hand to children who are seen to be wandering
around alone. We need to get the details from the children to take them back to
their parents. Society needs to be alert of potential abuse as well. If a child is
always heard crying in the neighbourhood, there could be a possibility that child
abuse has occurred. However, caution should be taken if a report is lodged so
as not to raise a false alarm.

When Lim was asked the question whether the law was the only way to solve
cases of missing children, he expressed his disapproval to the idea. He
explained that parents should receive guidance and education on how to keep
their children safe. He strongly believes that parents should have a higher
sense of awareness so as not to put their children in situations which can lead
to any danger. For example, many parents still leave their children alone at
home or in the car despite warnings that children should never be left without
supervision.

It is of paramount importance for parents to learn a few tips that can help to
prevent their children from going missing. Children should not be left
unsupervised and parents should always be cautious of children being
abducted for human trafficking. At the same time, parents also need to teach
their children to be suspicious of strangers. Besides, parents need to make
sure that children have with them emergency contact numbers, in case they are
desperate for help.

Lastly, there needs to be concerted effort from all parties to solve this problem.
We should be more proactive in preventing tragedies from happening to this
fragile target, our children.

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Adapted from The New Straits Times, February 12, 2013


QUESTION 1
What do the following words in the passage refer to?

a) cases (line 2)
b) their (line 31)
(2 marks)
QUESTION 2
Give the meaning of each of the following as it is used in the passage.

a) negligent (line 9)

b) abduction (line 26)
(2 marks)

QUESTION 3
A more holistic approach is needed to reduce the number of missing children. List two ways
of this approach.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 4
Why is it difficult to charge negligent guardians under Section 33 of the Child Act 2001?
(1

mark)

QUESTION 5
Based on the passage, state 2 reasons why children go missing.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 6
According to Lim, parents should not put their children in situations which can lead to danger
(lines 39 40). Give two examples of such situations where parents are negligent.

(2

marks)


QUESTION 7
The word Even though in line 18 links two ideas. What are these ideas?
(1 mark)

QUESTION 8
In your own words what do you think the sentence, Society should lend a helping hand to
children who are seen to be wandering around alone (line 29-30) means?
(2 marks)

QUESTION 9
What is the topic sentence of Paragraph VII?
(2 marks)


PART C: GRAMMAR (10 MARKS)

QUESTION 1

Fill in each blank with a suitable word based on the clue(s) in brackets.

Datuk Nicol Ann David is one of Malaysias famous sportswomen.
0. _____She____ (pronoun) was born on 26
th
August 1983 in Penang. The Penangnite is
the worlds reigning champion in womens squash. Although some Malaysians may have 1.
____________ (determiner) doubts about becoming a professional sports person, Datuk
Nicol has proved them wrong.

Datuk Nicol has won numerous titles, which include the World Junior Title. 2. ____________
(preposition) December 2005, she won the Hong Kong World Open to become the youngest
world champion. She defended her title in 2006 by defeating Natalie Grinham and was the
first Malaysian athlete to 3. ____________ (adverb) win a world championship title twice.
Datuk Nicoles other distinctive achievements also 4. ____________ (verb - simple present
tense) the Asian Squash Championship. She managed to hold her title as the champion f or
5. ____________ (adjective) times. Her achievements are incomparable to other squash
players 6. ____________ (preposition) the globe.

When Datuk Nicol was in school she was also a top achiever. Her success in squash did not
prevent her from bagging 8 As in the PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah) and 9 As in the
SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia) 7. ____________ (noun). On July 12
th
2008, she received
the Darjah Setia Pangkuan Negeri (DSPN) 8. ____________ (pronoun) carries the title
Datuk, thus, making her the youngest person in Penang to be conferred a Datukship.
Datuk Nicols 9. ____________ (adjective) achievements have now made her a role model
for all the people who enjoy squash. She is indeed 10. ____________ (article) legendary
sportwoman and will definitely be in our hearts as Malaysias squash queen.
(10 marks)
Adapted from The New Straits Times, October 9, 2013

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL 2 LG/MAR 2014/ELC120

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

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