Sea of Energy 4th Edition

Pepes Tesla Pages http://www.tesla.
hu/
THE SEA OF ENERGY IN WHICH THE
EARTH FLOATS
For Beyond the Light Rays Lies the
Secret of the Universe
The Evolution of Energy and Matter
Originally compiled for the Layman in 1!" from
e#cerpts of the $ritings first presented in 11%
by
T& 'E(R) MOR*)
!+,+ South %th East St&
Salt La-e .ity/ Utah/ U&S&*&
Revised and 0rinted in 1",
1
Pepes Tesla Pages http://www.tesla.hu/
1n the study of these pages one should consider that 2oth matter and radiations have particle properties as
3ell as 3ave properties& The particle properties are evident 3hen recogni4ed as highly locali4ed events of very
short duration 3ith specific values of electric charge/ energy and mass& The 3ave properties can 2e proven in
different 3ays 3hich have 2een proven and taught for so many years&
S.1E(T1F1. RESE*R.' 1S OUR BUS1(ESS&
S.1E(T1F1. 51S.O6ER) OUR .OR(ERSTO(E
First printed in 171
.opyrighted 1%+ and 1+" by
T. HENRY ORAY
All Rights Reserved
%th Edition
0rinted in the U&S&*&
1",
Copyrighted
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8
1(TRO5U.T1O(
R*51*(T E(ER9) : the term Moray has used to descri2e that source of energy coming from the
.osmos to the earth and radiating from the earth 2ac- from 3hence it came& This is the energy the Moray
device captures and could 2e descri2ed as those particles of energy pervading all space& 1n the evolution of
energy and the evolution of matter these particles of matter and energy ;one and the same thing< manifest under
certain conditions as pure energy and under others as pure matter& Radiant Energy from the .osmos/ li-e
radiant particles of matter/ 2eing composed of an infinitesimal =uantity 3hose 2ehaviors are descri2ed 2y
mathematical e=uations similar to those used for descri2ing electrical 3aves/ -eeping in mind to differentiate
2et3een 3ave length and fre=uence& Radiant> Energy 2eing particles of energy/ ?ust as light is 3ave lengths and
particles is compara2le to the electron and magnetron@ a ring of negative electricity traveling in a vorte# 3ith
the speed of light& Streams of energy =uanta/ each =uantum having energy and momentum 3here the electron
revolves around the proton at a distance e=ual to the electron radius&
To Summari4e : Radiant Energy as herein used is that energy e#isting in the lumineferous medium of the
Universe/ -inetic and e#ercised in 3ave transmission and rendered sensi2le 2y conversion of its energy into a
detecta2le fre=uency& The phenomenon of the transducer com2ined 3ith fission& 1( T'E F1(*L *(*L)S1S
R*51*(T E(ER9) 1S * ME*(S OF US1(9 T'E E(ER9) RELE*SE5 B) T'E F1SS1O(*BLE
RE*.T1O(S T*A1(9 0L*.E 1( T'E STELL*R .RU.1BLES OF T'E U(16ERSE&
!
.O(TE(TS
0age
* (E$ ER* 1( E(ER9)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
RE*.T1O(S B) ME*(S OF ELE.TRO(1. EB.1T*T1O(&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
T'E 51SSO.1*T1O( OF M*TTER&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
.*0TURE OF E(ER9) B) RESO(*(.E&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
'1STOR) OF R*51*(T E(ER9)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
TO SUMM*R1CE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
8
$'*T 1S (EE5E5 TO BE 5O(E TO
.OMMER.1*L1CE T'1S 51S.O6ER)
By follo3ing the procedure of DSynthesesD 2y first recogni4ing the (atural La3/ to study the principle and
then to allo3 the true apprehension of the principle to determine the Mechanism through and 2y 3hich this
po3er may 2e 2rought into practical use has 2een the method of 5r& Moray& (inety percent of the pro?ect is
completed& The remaining ten percent does not present any more difficulties than the standardi4ation of a fe3
highly speciali4ed and intricate tu2es and measuring devices/ coupled 3ith further routine research engineering
in mechanical construction or prototypes of the unites for economy/ efficiency and lasting =ualities 3hen
produced commercially&
7
.'*0TER O(E
A NEW ERA IN ENERGY
Power from the Cosmos and the Earth
5r& (ic-ola Tesla said over si#ty years ago/ DEre many generations pass our machinery 3ill 2e driven 2y
po3er o2taina2le at any point in the universe& 1s this energy static or -ineticE 1f static/ our hopes are in vain@ if
-inetic/ and this 3e -no3 it is for certain/ then it is a mere =uestion of time 3hen men 3ill succeed in attaching
their machinery to the very 3heel3or- of nature& D(ic-ola Tesla 3as not referring to so>called Datomic energyD
or nuclear energy 2ut to the energy 3hich is continually 2om2arding the earth from outer space& .all it cosmic
or 3hat one 3ill&
Enough energy is coming to the Earth to light one million/ one hundred ninety>three thousand/ si# hundred/
one hundred>3att lamps for every human 2eing on the earth today& (o fuel of any -ind 3ill 2e ta-en as a dead
load for the energy can 2e Dpic-ed>upD direct 2y great ocean liners/ railroads/ airplanes/ automo2iles or any
form of transportation/ to say nothing of the heat/ light and po3er availa2le for use in all -inds of 2uildings@ to
pump 3ater on the desert lands 3ith e=uipment of only a fraction of the 3eight of any steam plant or any -ind
of engine in use today and at a fraction of the cost& * 3ild dreamE * proven/ practical reality as hundreds of
people -no3 3ho have 3itnessed the MOR*) Radiant Energy e=uipment& 0o3ered from the cosmosF
The total energies involved in DcosmicD radiations are individually and collectively very large& The methods
or processes of their generation involve a 2asic relation to the total structure of the action of the universe&
0hysicists today 2elieve that cosmic radiation consist primarily of protons and/ some heavier nuclei& *t times
they pac- a ma#imum allop of around 1,, =uadrillion electron volts& .oming continuously/ 3ith slight
variations in time/ their radiation have a uniform directional isotropy& The earth is therefore surrounded in an
atmosphere of radiations 3ith the cosmic rays coming continually to the earth from all directions& There may 2e
a slight deflection of the 3ea-er rays 2y the earthGs magnetic field& There is every indication that our sun is not
the source of any apprecia2le amount of these radiations& The origin/ therefore/ is from the universe as a 3hole&
The total energy of cosmic radiation is more than the entire luminous output of all the stars and ne2ulae of the
universe com2ined& Unlimited po3er is 2eing delivered to everyoneGs doorstep&
The Moray radiant energy discoveries give the greatest amount of energy per pound of e=uipment of any
system -no3n to man& Electric po3er through an electric motor or an electric ?et far e#ceed any form of engine
in the delivery of po3er as there is no dead center/ or lost motion/ in an electric motor nor loss of push in an
electric ?et& * much higher starting tor=ue is had than in any type of com2ustion engine&
.osmic po3er is the most practical form of Denergy harnessingD yet put to use 2y man 3here2y it is possi2le
to utili4e the vast source of energy of the universe 3ithout a prime mover at any point on the land/ in the air/ on
the 3ater or under the 3ater/ using the energy 3hich e#ists in the universe and transforming it into useful
purposes& *n electrical generator is/ in the true sense/ not a generator/ as it does not create electrical energy&
Electricity is not made 2y the generator/ it is merely pumped& From that standpoint/ an electric generator might
2e referred to as an electric pump and the Moray radiant energy device as a high>speed electron oscillating
device&
To account for the propagation of heat and light : that is/ of radiant energy : man has postulated the
e#istence of a medium filling all space& But the transference of the energy of radiant heat and light is not the
only evidence in favor of the e#istence of such a medium& Electric/ magnetic/ and electro>magnetic phenomena
;and gravitation itself< point in the same direction&
1t is a matter of common o2servation that attractions and repulsions ta-e place 2et3een electrified 2odies/
magnets/ and circuits conveying electric currents& Large masses may 2e set in motion in this manner and
ac=uire -inetic energy& 1f an electric current 2e started in any circuit/ corresponding induced currents spring up
in all very close neigh2oring conductors@ yet/ there is no visi2le connection 2et3een the circuit and the
conductors& To originate a current in any conductor re=uires the e#penditure of energy& 'o3 then is the energy
propagated from the circuit to the conductorsE 1f 3e 2elieve in the continuity of the propagation of energy :
that is/ if 3e 2elieve that 3hen it disappears at one place and reappears at another/ it must have passed through
the intervening space/ and therefore have e#isted there someho3 in the meantime : 3e are forced to postulate
a vehicle for its conveyance from place to place&
$hen a 2ody is electrified/ 3hat 3e must first o2serve is that a certain amount of energy has 2een spent@
3or- has 2een done/ and the result is the electrified state of the 2ody& The process of electrifying a conductor is
therefore the storing of energy in some 3ay in/ or around the conductor/ in some medium& The 3or- is spent in
altering the state of the medium/ and 3hen the 2ody is discharged the medium returns to its original state/ and
the store of energy is evolved& Similarly a supply of energy is re=uired to maintain an electric current/ and the
phenomena arising from the current are manifestations of the presence of this energy in the medium around the
circuit& Formerly an electrified 2ody 3as supposed to have something called electricity residing upon& it 3hich
caused the electrical phenomena/ and an electric current 3as regarded as a flo3 of electricity traveling along
the 3ire/ 3hile the energy 3hich appeared at any part of the circuit ;if considered at all< 3as supposed to have
%
2een conveyed along the 3ire 2y the current& The e#istence of induction/ ho3ever/ and electromagnetic actions
2et3een 2odies situated at a distance from each other/ lead us to loo- upon the medium around the conductors
as playing a very important part in the development of the phenomena& 1t is/ in fact/ the storehouse of the
energy&
Upon this 2asis Ma#3ell founded his theory of electricity and magnetism/ and determined the distri2ution
of the energy in the various parts of the field in terms of the electric and magnetic forces& The medium around
an electrified 2ody is charged 3ith energy/ and the electrical phenomena are manifestations of this energy/ and
not of an imaginary electric fluid distri2uted over the conductor& $hen 3e spea- of the charge of an electrified
conductor 3e refer to the charge of energy in the medium around it/ and 3hen 3e tal- of the electric flo3 or
current in the circuit 3e refer to the only flo3 3e -no3 of/ vi4& the flo3 of energy through the electric field into
the 3ire&
The 3or- spent in producing the electrification of a conductor is spent on the medium and stored there/
pro2a2ly as energy of motion& To denote this 3e shall say that the medium around the conductor is polari4ed/
this 3ord 2eing employed to denote that its state or some of its properties have 2een altered in some manner 2y
the 3or- done on it : that is/ 2y the energy stored in it& 1n the case of a conductor possessing 3hat is termed a
positive charge/ the medium around it is polari4ed in a certain manner and to a certain e#tent depending on the
intensity of the charge& 1f the charge 2e negative the polari4ation is in the opposite sense/ the t3o 2eing related/
perhaps/ li-e right>handed and left>handed t3ists or rotations&
(o3 consider the case of a a 2ody charged alternately/ positively and negatively/ in rapid succession& The
positive charge means a positive polari4ation of the medium/ 3hich 2egins at the conductor and travels out
through space& $hen the 2ody is discharged the medium is once more set free and resumes its former
conditions& The negative charge no3 entails a modification of the medium or polari4ation in the opposite sense&
The result of alternate charges of opposite sign is that the medium at any point 2ecomes polari4ed alternately in
opposite directions/ 3hile 3aves of opposite polari4ations are propagated through space/ each carrying energy
derived from the source or agent supplying the electrification& 'ere/ then/ 3e have a periodic distur2ance of
some -ind occuring at each point/ accompanied 2y 3aves of energy traveling out3ards from the conductor&
The phenomena of interference lead to the conclusion that light is the result of a periodic distur2ance/ or
vi2ration/ of the medium/ 2ut as to the nature of the vi2ration : that is/ as to the e#act nature of the periodic
change : or 3hat it is that changes 3e possess no -no3ledge& $e -no3 that alternating electric charges are
accompanied 2y corresponding changes of state/ or vi2rations/ of the medium/ and if the charge 2e varied
periodically and 3ith sufficient rapidity/ 3e have a vi2ration at each point analogous to/ and perhaps identical
3ith/ that 3hich occurs in the propagation of light@ a com2ination of 3ave and particle properties&
This/ then/ is the electromagnetic theory of the luminous vi2ration& 1n the older or elastic>solid theory/ the
light vi2rations 3ere supposed to 2e actual oscillations of the elements or molecules of the medium/ a2out their
positions of rest/ such as ta-es place 3hen 3aves of transverse distur2ance are propagated through an elastic
solid& Such a limitation is/ ho3ever/ un3arranted to some e#tent although 3e cannot afford to entirely disregard
the particle theory of light& * com2ination of the theories have merit& $e -no3 that the change/ distur2ance/
vi2ration/ polari4ation/ or 3hatever 3e 3ish to term it/ is periodic and transverse to the direction of
propagation& The electromagnetic theory teaches us nothing further as to its nature/ 2ut rather asserts that
3hatever the change may 2e/ it is the same in -ind as that 3hich occurs in the medium 3hen the charge of an
electrified 2ody is altered or reversed& 1t reduces light and heat 3aves to the same category as 3aves of electric
polari4ation@ the only =uality of the latter re=uired to constitute the former is sufficient rapidity of alternation&
These speculations 3ere given the strongest confirmation 2y important e#periments of 0rofessor 'ert4 many
years ago&
$hen a resilient su2stance is su2?ected to strain and then set free/ one of t3o things may happen& The
su2stance may slo3ly recover from the strain and gradually attain its natural state/ or the elastic recoil may
carry it past its position of e=uili2rium/ and cause it to e#ecute a series of oscillations& Something of the same
sort may also occur 3hen an electrified capacitor is discharged& 1n ordinary language there may 2e a continuous
flo3 of electricity in one direction till the discharge is completed/ or an oscillating discharge may occur : that
is/ the first flo3 may 2e succeeded 2y a 2ac->rush/ as if the first discharge had overrun itself and something li-e
recoil had set in& The capacitor thus 2ecomes more or less charged again in the opposite sense/ and a second
discharge occurs/ accompanied 2y a second 2ac->rush/ the oscillation going on till all the energy is either
radiated or used up in heating the conductors or performing other 3or-&
*s stated a2ove/ 3hen capacitors are charged 3ith this radiant energy and then discharged through aG circuit
of proper impedence/ reactance and inductance syncroni4ing the oscillations of the device 3ith those of the
Universe/ 3e set up electrical inertia& That is/ in the reversal of the current/ the condensers are charged and
discharged and recharged slo3ly until the energy originally stored in them is radiated in -inetic energy through
the device/ 3hich is -ept alive indefinitely 2y the oscillations of the Universe through esta2lishing resonance&
.onsidering oscillations/ mechanical and electrical and or mathematical/ 3e find that electrical resistance is
the same as mechanical friction and current compara2le to mechanical velocity& 1nertia and inductance then
may 2e considered analagous terms& 1n mechanics the greater the inertia of a 2ody/ the longer it 3ill -eep in
motion& 1n the RE circuit/ the greater the electrical inductance the longer the current continues to flo3 once it is
esta2lished 2y a syncroni4ed cosmic surge&
+
E#pressed mathematically/ the e=uations are the same for electrical or mechanical phenomena& That is
R
L
C
<
%
3here R is the resistance in ohms L is the inductance in henries and . the capacity in farads an
oscillatory discharge 3ill occur and 3ith a very po3erful inductance inertia 3ill assert itself& For lo3 values of
R the fre=uency of the oscillations can 2e sho3n 2y
f
LC
1
!
& The rapidity of the oscillations i&e&
fre=uencies are governed 2y the =uantity of the capacity and the inductance&
1n the vi2rations of the forces of the Universe 3e find the -ey to the sources of all energy& The real -ey in
securing the energy needed in modern industry is the utili4ation of the energy resources of the Universe 3ithout
2eing limited to mechanical prime movers& The ans3er may lie in the 2alancing of an energy generator that
3ill oscillate 2ecause of the oscillations of the Universe& Some claim it 3ill 2e found 2y a collapsing of the
earthGs magnetic field& Others see- it in the creation of an electron drag& 5r& 9unn/ 3ho 3as a civilian scientist
for the U&S& (avy/ stated years ago that the earth is a huge generator/ generating over !,, millions amperes of
electric current continuously&
The aurora 2orealis is considered to 2e very definitely an electrical phenomenon produced 2y the passage of
electric charges through the rarified gases of the higher atmosphere&
The conversion of matter to energy in the stars is no3 generally accepted as demonstrated/ and reasoning
from 3hat occurs in radioactive disintegration/ during 3hich energy 3aves are radiated/ 3e may conclude that
energy 3aves of very high fre=uency are sent out from the stars/ one of 3hich is our sun& (o3 the conversion of
energy into matter 3ill e=ually have to 2e accepted&
1t is 3ell -no3n that air conducts electricity a3ay from charged o2?ects& This 2eing true ho3 does the earth/
a charged o2?ect e#posed as it is to the surrounding atmosphere/ maintain its chargeE 5r& 9unn and others have
proven the earth has this charge& 0hysicists have sho3n that the earth has a negative charge 3hich amounts to
%,,/,,, colum2s/ yet si# feet a2ove the ground the air is charged 3ith more than !,, volts positive in respect to
the ground& Therefore/ if the air conducts electricity the earthGs charge must 2e constantly passing into the
atmosphere& 1t has 2een calculated that the earth has a continuous discharge into the atmosphere of 1H,,
amperes& *t this rate the earth 3ould lose ,I of its charge into the air in an hour/ yet the earthGs charge does
not diminish 2ut persists and has done so since the earliest of geological time& $here does the earthGs source of
energy come fromE 1t has 2een found that the higher the altitude from the earth/ ioni4ation/ 3hich could 2e the
media for the flo3 of energy/ increases instead of decreasing& Many names have 2een given to the sources of
energy 3hich 3e may feel are different sources of energy& $e carry on a great deal of research on cosmic ray :
the universal electromagnetic field/ earthGs magnetic field and the energy 2eing received on the earth from the
sunGs rays& .ould it 2e all energy is from one source : vi2rationsE Since the source of energy is the universe/
the generation of energy 2y rotary action and 2y all prime movers is an effect and not a cause& $ould it 2e going
too far to suggest that there is no such thing as heat/ light/ sound or even electricity@ 2ut all things are merely
effects manifesting themselves in various forms 2ecause of the effect of vi2rations on various mediaE Oscillatory
energy action/ 2e it in a leyden ?ar or another capacitor/ man>made or in 3hat 3e may call natural capacitors/
all act the same& The oscillations 3ill continue until they have reached their cycle of height and then there 3ill
2e a 2ac->rush returning to 3here the oscillations originated& Every oscillation/ 3hether large or small/ is
completed during the same interval of time& The 2eat note of time/ the heart 2eats of life/ the oscillations of the
universe all prove the same great fact that oscillations are governed 2y the same cycle of time/ completed
during the same interval of time& $aves of energy have a regular 2eat note/ coming and going as the 3aves of
the sea/ 2ut in a very definite mathematical order/ coming to the earth from every direction 3ith a definite
rhythm that might 2e referred to as the Father of Time/ the Sire of 9ravitation&
$e repeat/ DEnergy has a definite elastic or resilient rigidity and density/ 3hich is su2?ect to displacement
and strain&D $hen a strain is removed/ the medium 3ill spring 2ac- to its old position and 2eyond/ surging
2ac- and forth as the 3aves of the sea/ and 3ill continue to oscillate until the original pressure is used up& 1f the
internal impedance is too great/ there 3ill 2e no oscillations/ 2ut it 3ill merely slide 2ac- in a dead 2eat to its
unrestrained state& .utting do3n the resistance to the minimum and 2y synchronous or resilient ionic actions of
the device 3ith the ionic actions of the universe/ recovery 3ill 2e =uic-er and =uic-er until inertia 3ill assert
itself and lengthen out the time of final recovery 2y carrying the recoil 2eyond the natural oscillation and thus
prolonging the vi2rations 2y oscillations& $hen the recovery is distinctly oscillatory and harmonics set in/ the
oscillations 3ill continue 2ecause of the oscillations of the universe& These oscillations 3ill 2e surgings 3ith a
definite 2eat note of the evolution of matter and the evolution of energy&
D1n the far>off stellar cruci2les of the universc 3e see the same la3s 2eing o2eyed as in our la2oratories& *s
3e trace do3n to the almost infinitesimal constituents of the e#tremely minute atom/ 3e find apparently matter
does not e#ist at all/ as the realistic su2stance 3hich 3e have supposed it to 2e& There at its very foundation it
seems to consist of energy charges 3hich pro2a2ly stimulate the motions of celestial 2odies& 1t is 2ecoming
more and more certain that the apparent comple#ity of nature is due to our lac- of -no3ledge/ as the picture
unfolds it promises a marvelous simplicity& Energy is emitted at various 3ave lengths/ or fre=uencies 3hich
must 2e ta-en into account in la3s of radiationJ (o3 the physicist uses =uanta as commonly as he does
"
electron and atoms and molecules& Bodies are 2uilt of molecules/ the molecules of atoms/ and the atoms of
electrons/ ions/ protons and high energy photons& 'ere 3e see the atomistic principle applied to DmaterialD
;matter< and then to electricity ;$hat shall 3e call itE< Finally/ a physical process : the radiation emitted 2y
the electrons : is divided into =uanta& $ith such pictures of the universe 2eing constructed 3e may cease to 2e
surprised at anything/ and our interest and admiration 3ill gro3& $ill 3e ever get to the final foundationE
DOne of the most marvelous relationships that has ever 2een revealed in the entire science of physics is that
2et3een light and electricity& Ano3ing 3hat 3e do at the present time in regard to the structure of atoms/ this
relationship is not =uite so surprising& 'o3ever/ considering the total a2sence of this -no3ledge a2out a half
century ago/ pertaining to the e#istence of electronics in atoms of matter/ the sudden revelation that light ;and
radiation in general< are vi2ratory phenomena 3as very startling and revolutionary&D Even today persons
unfamiliar 3ith fundamental physics find it difficult to 2elieve that energy traveling from yonder star to the
earth is electromagnetic of many 3ave lengths of fre=uencies/ 3ith different effects depending on the media/
2eing acted upon&
DRadiant here means proceeding from a center in straight lines in every direction& Energy is internal and
inherent& DEnergyD is defined as a condition of matter in virtue of 3hich any definite portions may effect
changes in any other definite portion& This 3as 3ritten in 1H!/ and discoveries since confirm it& Energy then/
is a state of matter/ or/ rather/ the result of a particular state or condition in 3hich matter may 2e 3hen any
o2served phase of energy appears&D
1t is recogni4ed that in addition to possessing -inetic energy/ the atom is capa2le of a2sor2ing energy
internally& This internal energy 3ould seem to 2e associated 3ith the configuration of the particles of 3hich the
atom is composed& $hile under ordinary conditions an atom is in 3hat is -no3n as the normal state/ or the
state in 3hich 3e find matter apparently neither giving off/ nor a2sor2ing energy& 'o3ever/ the internal energy
of the atom can 2e altered& $hen the internal energy of the atom e#ceeds that of its normal state it is said to 2e
e#cited& E#citations may 2e caused in several 3ays/ among 3hich is the collision of the atom 3ith rapidly
moving positive or negative particles/ or as in the 2rea-ing of lines of force in the modern electromagnetic
generator/ 3hich is nothing more than an electric pump/ for the electric generator does not create the electrical
energy any more than the 3ater pump creates 3ater& Ainetic energy is given up 3hen e#citation causes rapidly
moving particles to give up some or all of their -inetic energy to the atom during collisions& This is ta-ing place
in the Universe all the time& The electric motor and generator 3ould never have 2een discovered e#cept a
dielectric ;insulation< had 2een discovered& 5iscover a dielectric ;a valve< for the energy of the Universe and a
means of ma-ing a device oscillate 3ith the oscillating energy of the Universe and one has the ans3er to
harnessing the energy of the Universe& * limiting case of e#citation is ioni4ation/ in 3hich energy is a2sor2ed
2y the atom sufficiently to allo3 a loosely 2ound electron to leave the atom against the electrostatic forces
3hich tends to hold it 3ithin the atom& *n atom 3hich has given up one or more electrons is said to 2e ioni4ed&
1t is possi2le that ioni4ation/ or in other 3ords e#citation/ may ta-e place in successive steps through a2sorption
of =uanta energy/ or that is/ through the evolution of matter and evolution of forces& The return of an ioni4ed
atom to a state of lo3er energy is associated 3ith electromagnetic radiation& So also from the process of
ioni4ation 3hich may result from a num2er of causes/ and the one 3e are interested in is through cosmic
radiation/ electric energy 2ecoming associated 3ith the oscillation or vi2ration of the universe& The higher the
fre=uency/ the greater the ioni4ation or e#citation& *ll energy appertains either to matter or e#citation of energy
and continually passes from one to the other/ or in other 3ords/ continually possessing -inetic energy& There/ at
its very foundation/ matter consists of an energy charge 3hich governs the very motion of the planets and suns&
Matter is suscepti2le to motion/ and stress& *ll atoms appertain either to matter or energy and continually
pass from one to the other/ thus producing -inetic energy& There at its very foundation matter consists of energy
charges 3hich govern the very motion of celestial 2odiesJ
To introduce a ne3 3ay of using an old source of energy/ 2e it called the collapsing of earthGs magnetism or
any hypothesis of a source of energy can only 2e ?ustified 2y the necessity of e#plaining the insistent fact that a
2attery of vi2ratory units can 2e made to produce +, A$ of energy per unit of ", pounds& Therefore/ some
hypothesis of theory must 2e found to attempt an e#planation of the discovery of a device 3here2y energy can
2e o2tained 2y oscillatory means in harmony 3ith the vi2rations ;oscillations< of the Universe& On the other
hand the hypothesis may 2e ta-en that the oscillations are out of harmony 3ith the harmonies of the Universe
cutting lines of force of energy oscillations 2y oscillations& The vie3point on the harmonics of the Universe
depending on 3hat yardstic- is used in the valuation of the hypothesis used to e#plain the results& 1t all sums
do3n to the fundamentals of electromagnetism or 3hatever name one has chosen to apply to the original source
of energy 3hich in the final analysis must 2e accepted as vi2ration or oscillation& The focus of our attention in
any field of energy has the same dimensions as has the foci of attention in all the higher fields of vi2ratory
energy& 1t also must 2e conceded that all energy is vi2ratory in its final analysis and therefore e#ists throughout
all the Universe& 1t might 2e 3ell not to thro3 this theory out of the 3indo3 as some former theories have gone
and later had to 2e 2rought 2ac- through the door 2ecause they refused to die 2ut 3ere -ept alive 2y the fact
that they may have 2est e#plained the reason 3hy a modality 3hich e#isted did perform as claimed&
(o one can say that in all space/ including that of the EarthGs atmosphere/ all matter is not 2eing 2om2arded
2y high speed particles& Therefore is it too far 3rong to say that throughout space there is energy and this
K
energy is -inetic in nature and can 2e harnessed and used 2y man 2y oscillatory means 3ithout a mechanical
prime moverE (ot alone on the earth 2ut in all the Universe&
1t has 2een proven that this oscillatory energy 3ill drive special constructed electric motors at a speed
heretofore never dreamed possihle& Tesla had a glimpse of the idea in his one 3ire motor& *lso 2y this means of
oscilliatory action the cloc-3ise vorte# of the pull of gravity in the (orthern 'emisphere can 2e made to rotate
counter>cloc-3ise and the countercloc-3ise pull of gravity in the Southern 'emisphere can 2e made to rotate
cloc-3ise&This is a complete reversal of the vorte# of the earthGs magnetic pull/ or call it 3hat you 3ill&
$atson 5avis/ director of Science Service/ $ashington/ 5&.& in his 2oo- DThe *dvance of Science/D 17%
3rites D.osmic Rays 2om2ard the earth from outer space every second of the day and night& They penetrate
everything including our o3n 2odies& They carry the mightiest pac-et of energy yet -no3n to science& They give
rise to 2urst of material particles& :D
DOf all radiant energy rushing a2out the universe/ the .osmic Rays are thought to 2e 2y far the most
important& Science deduces 3ith astronomical accuracy that the universeGs total radiant energy in the form of
cosmic rays is from 7, to 7,, times greater than that e#isting in heat/ light/ and all other forms com2ined& Of
the imports of energy received 2y the earth/ the cosmic rays e=ual appro#imately one>half of the total energy
coming in from the stars/ e#cepting the sun&D
The important purpose for the =uotations 3hich have 2een given is to arouse attention to the fact that there
are tremendous energies coming to the earth from outer space& These energies are only different manifestations
of the energies 3e see in operation all around us& 1n many cases 3e are not even consciously a3are of their
e#istence& *s Mr& 5avis states/ DThey penetrate everything including our o3n 2odies& DEveryone of us is
actually alive 2y virtue of these energies& Every part and particle of the Universe is alive 3ith them& The
generators that no3 furnish our electric po3er do not create or originate any po3er or electricity@ they merely
direct DpumpD the e#isting energy or electricity& 1n other 3ords/ so far as this is no3 concerned/ electricity has
al3ays e#isted&
6i2rational 3aves of fre=uencies a2ove the normal range of human ear perceptions are catalogued as
ultrasonics& These are 3aves of fre=uencies of over !, -&c& up to +,, m&c& 6i2rations a2ove and 2elo3 these
ranges act essentially the same&
Motion is manifest in everything in the universe& 1n other 3ords/ as in a musical note of a high or lo3 . the
vi2rational rate/ the fre=uency/ is different 2ut all D.D notes are essentially the same/ differing only in harmonic
and range fre=uency& This is the foundation upon 3hich much of MorayGs investigation of vi2ration is 2ased& *ll
matter possesses a natural rate of vi2ration& MorayGs research in ultrasonics did not end at +,, m& c& 2ut he too-
the harmonic of certain fre=uencies and utili4ed them for various results from 2rea-ing o2?ects 2y vi2rations to
2ringing do3n 2irds out of the air/ from thro3ing the natural vi2ratory rate of living cells out of 2alance to the
shearing off of animal/ mineral and vegeta2le matter& Sometime it has re=uired several fre=uencies to 2e
transmitted over a media at the same time& *ny material that has elasticity can propagate this type of
ultrasonics research& The propagation ta-es the form of a displacement of oscillations&
The universe is singing and this symphony or fre=uency is 3hat -eeps every part of the universe and every
atom in its proper or2it& $e can see this in studies 2eyond the microscope or 2eyond the telescope/ either
instrument telling us the same story& Science agrees that all form of matter is vi2rating at its particular rate of
fre=uency and so it is 3ith the various forms of energy/ heat/ light/ magnetism and electricity/ these are 2ut
forms of vi2ratory motion connected 3ith and emanating from the same source/ the great generator of the
universe@ or/ in other 3ords/ all matter/ energy or force in the evolution of matter and the evolution of forces
manifests a rate and degree of vi2ration entirely of its o3n& Matter/ vi2rating at a certain rate of its individual
character/ may 2e transmitted into other su2stances 2y lo3ering or raising its rate of fre=uency& 1f the fre=uency
is raised high enough its molecules 3ill separate and the atoms are freed& Raise the vi2ration of the atoms still
higher and higher and they 3ill resolve themselves into the original elements of 3hich all matter is constituted&
Matter then 2ecomes a form of energy& Fre=uencies may 2e developed 3hich 3ill 2alance the pull of gravity to a
certain degree of neutrali4ation of the forces of gravity& One then goes 2eyond those of gravitation& The
understanding then of the principle of vi2ration or fre=uency is to grasp the secret of energy/ i& e& vi2rations/ in
3hich lies the secret of all things&
The Salt of the earth is energy and the evolution of matter and the evolution of forces in the processes of the
creation of all things& By the proper uses of these natural la3s of energy and matter/ matter is turned into energy
and energy into matter&
1n the 9amma Rays 3e find potentials 3hich are e=uivalent to as much as !/,,,/,,, volts/ yet their 3ave
lengths are not the shortest -no3n to the physicists& 1n octaves still higher lie rays 3hich are -no3n as .osmic
Rays& $ho can dra3 a definite line and say ho3 much higher other octaves e#ist than those -no3n as the
.osmic Rays> Our starting point from the discovery of these different rays : vi2rations : 3as electrical
conductivity of the air& 1t has 2een discovered that conductivity is ?ust as strong 2y night as 2y day/ so that
radiations emitted 2y the sun can scarcely 2e the cause of this energy& May 3e not/ then/ accept the theory that
the sun/ in and of itself/ has no energy/ 2ut is merely a re2roadcaster of the greater generator : the sonic of the
universe itself@ that these t3o/ then : matter and energy : are possi2ly oneE 1s the sum total of all that has
2een found out during the centuries of constant research to 2e ?udged 2y the small portion of the universe 3hich
H
is visi2le to man/ 3ho is only armed 3ith his telescopes/ or 3ith the most po3erful miscroscopes and
spectroscopes ever made 2y manE
*ll space is saturated 3ith vi2rations/ energies 3hich are dou2tless 3hat 3e may call electrical in their
ultimate character or very closely allied to electrical action& The relation of matter to energy and energy to
matter then 2ecomes the potential of the universe/ one continuous series of oscillations/ oscillating to and fro
li-e a great pendulum across the universe& One might as-/ D'o3 can one get a steady source of energy from
such surgesED .ould not a steady flo3 of 3ater 2e o2tained from the 3aves of the seaE
1n reference to electrons/ neutrons/ protons/ photons/ and ions/ etc&/ it is our theory in using these terms that
they are the energy of the universe/ 3hich have 2ecome disassociated here and there/ and these innumera2le
infinitesimal particles constitute ;2y forces they e#ert and the distur2ances they originate< the su2stratum of
3hat our senses terms as matter/ and 2y nature splitting matter the energy of the universe is 2orn and matter
Dre2orn&D
Matter is suscepti2le to motion& The media is suscepti2le to stress& *ll atoms appertain either to matter or
energy/ and continually pass from one to the other/ thus introducing -inetic energy& There at its very foundation
matter consists of electrical charges 3hich govern the very motion of celestial 2odies : including radioactive
radiations of energy and matter& The evolution of matter and the evolution of energy&
There are ample 3ritings and scientific 2oo-s 3ritten 2y e#perts 3hich ac-no3ledge that there is unlimited
energy in the universe/ 2ut to say one is a2le to tap this supply is another matter& 1f 1 tell you there is 3ater/
good cold 3ater/ in a glass on your ta2le/ 2ut you cannot drin- it for a million years/ 3hat 3ould you thin-E )ou
-no3 ho3 to get the 3ater out of a glass& $ell/ it is as easy to tap this energy no3 out in space as it 3ill 2e in a
million years from no3& 1f it can 2e done then/ it can 2e done no3&
$e spea- of generating electricityL To 2e e#act/ 3e only transfer it from one place to another ;pump it/ if you
please<& $e cannot generate it 2ecause 3e can neither destroy or create it& *fter 3e have used it to light our
homes or do other 3or-/ it is li-e 3ater over the 3heel : no less 3ater/ only the lo3ering of potential& The
electricity has Dsun- 2ac-D from 3hence it came/ ready and 3aiting for nature or man to raise its potential/
3hen it again is ready to do manGs 2idding/ or in other 3ords in the evolution of energy it Dsin-s 2ac-D to its
source& 1t is naturally very slo3ly 2ut steadily 2eing li2erated from the universe only to return again&
Elements maintain an e=uili2rium 2y oscillations/ rotations/ attractions and repulsions/ 2ut this does not
interfere 3ith a transformation of e=uili2rium/ 3hich 3hen the transformations of e=uili2rium are rapid enough
2ecome heat/ light and electricity/ i&e&/ matter is turning into energy and energy into matter&
There can 2e no DproductionD of current electricity/ there 3ill 2e no -inetic energy if there is no distur2ance
of e=uili2rium/ that is to say change of potential of energy level& $hen one thin-s of the o#ygen and nitrogen
molecules of the air all a2out us moving 3ith the speed of 2ullets and stri-ing us and everything 3ith this
speed/ one can form some idea of the agitation ta-ing place in the universe& The oscillations of the universe are
part of this agitation&
The oscillations of these electrons/ ions/ photons/ protons/ etc& out in space are emitting electromagnetic
3aves of many 3avelengths and fre=uency& 1n the Moray device it is so constructed that the fre=uency is very
much lo3er on the secondary side than on the primary side and almost complete resonance esta2lished&
*ll radiant energy is no3 2elieved to possess mass or something e=uivalent to it& Mass and radiant energy
are even considered to 2e interchangea2le&
$e are convinced the energies from the Universe are active radiations produced in DnatureGs cyclotronsD
;natureGs reactors< 2y the evolution of matter into energy and energy into matter&
DScientific *mericanD ;17,< : DThe earth itself is a huge electric dynamo generating enough current to
supply light/ heat/ and other electrical needs to the 1, largest cities in the U&S& for at least a million years&D
Researches on thermal reactions inside the earth/ conducted 2y 5r& Ross 9unn/ indicate that the earth is a great
generator&
D(ature of the $orld and of ManD ;0rinted 2y the Univ& of .hicago 0ress/ 1!+< DThe amount of light and
heat ;radiant energy< received 2y the earth from the sun is enormous& On the s=uare yard e#posed
perpendicularly to the sunGs rays radiant energy is received at the rate of one and one>half horsepo3er& The
average rate for the earth through the periods of dar-ness as 3ell as of light is three>eights of a horsepo3er per
s=uare yard& This means that 7,, horsepo3er are received on a 2uilding +,#1+, feet in dimensions& Our planet
is receiving energy at the rate of 1",/,,, horsepo3er per inha2itant of the earth at the present time&
DThe earth receives 2ut an insignificant fraction of the energy the sun radiatesL only a2out one>t3o>
2illionth&D DThe *dvance of Science/D 2y $atson 5avis/ 5irector/ Science Service/ $ashington/ 17%&
.osmic Rays 2om2ard the earth from outer space every second of the day and night& They penetrate
everything including our o3n 2odies& They carry the mightiest pac-et of energy yet -no3n to science& They give
rise to 2ursts of material particles&
'undred Billion 6olt $allops&
0reliminary analysis of E#plorer 61 data ?ust pu2lished sho3s the 2elts shrun-en in si4e and in intensity : at least this 3as the state of affairs
during *ugust and Septem2er of last year&
*nother surprise come in the discovery of a third 2elt lying 2et3een the outer and inner 2elts found 2y 6an *llen& 0erhaps this ne3 2elt
should 2e called the *rnoldy/ 'offman/ and $inc-ler 2elt in honor of the three University of Minnesota cosmic ray scientists responsi2le for its
discovery&

The three physicists from the Land of La-es masterminded the construction of the radiation detection e=uipment 3hich formed part of the
payload of E#plorer 61 and analy4ed the data it accumulated&
The ne3 shape in radiation 2elts found 2y the Minnesotans confirmed a gro3ing suspicion that the 2elts are not the sta2le pair of doughnuts
once visuali4ed/ 2ut a shimmering set of tenuous rings 3hich may change mar-edly from day to day&
Radiation levels measured 2y 0ioneer 111/ 0ioneer 16/ the Russian Mechta/ and E#plorer 61 have sho3n significant variations&
Fortuitously/ E#plorer 61 3as in or2it and 2usily ta-ing radiation measurements during a strong magnetic storm created 2y unusual activity
on the face of the sun&
*s a result/ the step>2y>step reaction of the 2elts to such a storm and a rather complete history of their return to normaley 3as o2tained for the
first time&
The or2it of E#plorer 61 3as ideal in several respects for the pro2ing of the intensity and e#tent of the 6an *llen 2elts&
1ts or2it 3as highly elliptical/ e#tending from a2out %/1,, miles from the earthGs center at its near point to some 7,/,,, miles at its far point&
Moreover/ the inclination of the or2it 3as such that the roc-et passed from rather high northern magnetic latitudes to high southern magnetic
latitudes&
Because of these t3o or2ital characteristics/ a large portion of the region of the 2elts 3as scanned in several days time&
That portion of the ne3 data 3hich has 2een processed to date indicates that the ma#imum normal radiation dosages in the 2elts during the
period of *ug& K to Oct& " of last year 3as do3n significantly compared to that found earlier 3ith payloads a2oard 0ioneers 111 and 16/ and the
Soviet Mechta&
On the night of *ug& 1">1K/ a strong geomagnetic storm occurred 3hich> 2rought a ne3 surprise& 5uring the first !% hours of the storm/
a2out t3o>thirds of the radiation in the outer 4one 3as DdumpedD on the earth&
*vaila2le evidence suggests that the lost radiation consisted largely of lo3 energy electrons&
The outer 2elt soon recovered/ in fact over>recovered/ and near the end of the storm/ on *ug& 1H/ the outer 2elt 3as found to contain a2out
five times the total radiation found there 2efore the storm&
This a2normally high radiation DfeverD persisted for 1, days and 3as follo3ed 2y a slo3 return to normal&
*s yet/ a satisfactory e#planation of the DdumpingD process in the radiation of the outer 2elt has not 2een found&
Tracing the pro2a2le dumping paths of this radiation to earth/ the Minnesota scientists found that it should sho3 up near the surface of the
earth 2et3een magnetic latitudes of +! and "! degrees/ 3ith a pea- appearance at +K or +H degrees&
On the very night of the magnetic storm/ the counters a2oard E#plorer 61 revealed the disappearance of radiation from the outer 2elt/ 5r&
$inc-ler o2served an aurora over Minneapolis/ at a magnetic latitude of +K degrees&
The tie>in 3as inescapa2le& The o2served aurora must have 2een caused 2y the ?umped electrons from the outer 2elt&
Such electrons 3ould produce more than the visi2le evidence of an aurora& 1>hey 3ould produce B>rays& 0revious o2servations 2y 2alloon
had already indicated that such B>rays 3ere often present at relatively lo3 latitudes during times that visi2le auroras lay far to the north&
The Minnesota data thus gives support to the idea that under certain conditions at least/ an aurora may consist of t3o parts/ a visi2le aurora
most li-ely appearing near the usual auroral 4one/ and an B>ray aurora/ invisi2le perhaps to the na-ed eye/ lying to the south&
The (ational *eronautics and Space *dministration pic-ed up the ta2 for this 3or-/ and most li-ely 3ill do so in the future as the 6an *liens/
*rnoldys/ 'offmans/ $inc-lers and others 2ring ne3 light to 2ear on the remaining mysteries of the earth>circling radiation 2elts& Salt La-e
Tri2une/ Mune 1/ 1",&
S0*.E F1LMS 51S.LOSE F*R 9RE*TER R*51*T1O(
BE5FOR5/ M*SS& ;U01< : Film pac-s e#posed at altitudes up to K,, miles in an *tlas nose cone sho3ed far greater radiation than
previously discovered/ according to the air research and development command&
D0article trac-s indicate that radiation in the ;6an *llen< 2elts discovered 2y the E#plorer satellites far outshado3 the flu# of primary cosmic
radiation as measured 2y means of s-yhoo- 2alloons at !,>mile altitudes/D the report said&
D.ounts in the *tlas>flo3n emulsions sho3 that for every comic ray that penetrated the 2loc-/ some %%/,,, protons of the 6an *llen 2elt 3ere
recorded&
DThe accompanying photomicrograph of a section of the emulsion smaller than the head of a common pin sho3s a trac- produced 2y a heavy
cosmic ray primary immersed in a sea of protons carrying -inetic energies in e#cess of four 2illion electron volts and thus capa2le of penetrating
the *tlas nose cone&
DThe more energetic of the trapped particles produced NstarsG or nuclear e#plosions inside the emulsion ;film< +,, times more fre=uently than
o2served on earlier *ero2ee roc-ets 3hich reached only 1,, miles/ 2elo3 the intense trapped radiation of the 6an *llen 2elt&D March 1K/ 1",/
5eseret (e3s
(o other radiations Dpac- such a 3allopD as .osmic Rays& .ompared 3ith other energies here on earth/ they
rate thousands and millions of times as po3erful& .osmic Rays energies seem to lie 2et3een 1,, million and
more than 1,, 2illion volts& 1t is not possi2le to 2e any too definite and positive/ 2ecause estimates necessarily
change 3ith additional e#periments and -no3ledge& .omprehension 2ecomes difficult 3hen energies reach
2illions of volts& The highest electrical presssure on high>tension po3er lines is !+,/,,, volts& The pea- of
artificial electricity production for e#perimental purposes is !, million volts& Lightning is rated at a2out 1
2illion volts&
5r& *ndersonGs cloud cham2er at .alifornia 1nstitute of Technology in 3hich the positron 3as discovered
has furnished much information a2out cosmic ray energies& 'e found that some positrons are 2orn of cosmic
rays smashing into matter& The cosmic>ray energies deduced from the trac-s left in the *nderson cloud cham2er
range from 1,, volts to 7 2illion volts& The Lemaitre>6allarts theory together 3ith 5r& MohnsonGs asymmetry
measurements/ give definite values for the energy of half of the cosmic radiation/ and sho3s it continuously
distur2ed 2et3een + 2illion and +, 2illion volts&
The figure of 1,, 2illion volts is a result of 5r& $& AolhorsterGs measurement of penetrating radiated in the
depths of the Strassfurt salt mines& 'e found that the minimum energy of these rays had a penetration 3hich
3as greater than ever 2efore demonstrated& 5r& *#el .orlin of S3edenGs Lund O2servatory found radiation that
still had energy after passing through some3hat greater depths and/ therefore/ the voltage figures can 2e made
even higher& *nd energies of 1,, 2illion volts or more are indicated 2y the great 2ursts set off 2y cosmic ray
collisions/ called the stosse/ 3hich have 2een o2served particularly in 9ermany& The Moray RE devices have
3or-ed e=ually 3ell in deep mines under 3ater or high in the mountains and in an airplane&
1t is a2out 1,, years since science 2egan to consider light/ heat/ magnetism/ galvanism and electricity as
natural forces& 1n the early part of the 1th .entury school 2oo-s termed these things impondera2le su2stances&
1,
The corpuscle theory of light 3as taught and the sun 3as supposed to contain a never failing supply of these
corpuscles& *fter the corpuscular theory had a2out faded man turned to the 3ave theory/ 2ut even the 3ave
theory 3as 2ased on a crude concept of a movement of the ultimate principles or atoms of matter& The
electronic theory superceded the old theory and 3hile the electron theory surpasses all former theories/ could it
2e/ as greater light leads us on/ the electron theory 3ill 2e found to lac- Da2soluteD -no3ledge/ and the Einstein
Theory stand some revision/ amendments/ or even undoingE
11
.'*0TER T$O
REACTIONS !Y EANS OF ELECTRONIC E"CITATION
*s 1 stated in 11% in connection 3ith the action of Moray RE tu2e values&
1f t3o molecules 3ere 2eyond each otherGs Molecular range and if the neigh2oring surfaces could/ 2y any
means as 2y the supply of electricity from 3ithout/ 2e oppositely electrified/ the forces of cohesion 3ould 2e
intensified momentarily 2y something a-in to chemical affinity and cohesion 3ould set in over Ultra>molecular
distances& The opposite charges cannot 2e maintained electrostatically 2et3een t3o neigh2oring metallic
surfaces/ 2ut they can 2e momentarily imparted 2y a sudden ?er- of disruptive discharge or receive electric
impulses/ these are the things 3hich are effective in promoting chemical cohesion& 1t is not to 2e supposed that
the electrons in a polari4ed atom need to 2e distur2ed in any great amount in order to produce chemical
cohesion/ polari4ation converts ordinary molecular force in cohesion into incipient 2ut real chemical affinity&
1t has long 2een -no3n that electrical forces 2et3een charges are of the inverse s=uare la3 type& The
interactions of t3o moving charged particles free in space can 2e easily computed 2y our analogy to our 3ell>
-no3n astronomical pro2lems 3ith due regard to the signs& .oulom2Gs La3 states/ DThe forces e#erted upon
each other 2y t3o small charged 2odies varies directly as the product of the charges and inversely as the s=uare
of the distance 2et3een their centers&D The force also depends on the -ind of medium in 3hich the charged
2odies are placed f
Q Q
pr
1 !
!
%
$here p is the permea2ility of the medium& *s an illustration of the force given
2y the .oulom2s La3/ if 3e have t3o small 2odies each charged 3ith one coulom2 of electricity and these are
placed in a vacuum 3ith a distance of one meter 2et3een centers the force of repulsion 3ill 2e H& # 1,
neutons or !&!+ # 1,
l2s&
1t is o2vious that chemical molecules can 2e made to o2ey .oulom2Gs La3 and may 2e su2?ected to the
interactions of the electrical forces/ the impact/ or inter>molecular pressure/ 2et3een the reacting molecules
must 2e very large&
$e -no3 from proven e#perimental facts that at 1,
>!
cm& and even do3n to 1,
>+
cm& apart/ gaseous ions at
atmospheric pressure e#ert very fee2le forces on each other& *s the ions are 2eing -noc-ed around randomly 2y
molecular impacts/ Bro3nian movement 3hose impact forces are larger than the attractive forces& Only until
they are 3ithin molecular distances to each other is the coulom2ic potential energy e=ual to or e#ceeding the
average of translation&
ge
pr
o
!
%
e=ual to or greater than
7
!
Kt
ro is the molecular distance
1nside this molecular distance the ions are actively dra3n together@ outside this sphere of radius r o has an
electric field given 2y the e=uationL
X
e
r
!
at 1,
>H
cm& B is 1,
H
voltsOcm&/ even at 1,
>"
cm& it is 1,
%
volts cm& 1t is apparent that the coulom2ic force
3ithin such molecular distances 2et3een oppositely charged ions must 2e very great& The effect is analogous to
the entrapping of comets 3hen they pass near a planet/ there2y rendering them permanent mem2ers of the solar
system& Since the stoppage of comet li-e ions in an encounter 3ith oppositely charged ions occurs 3ell 3ithin
the limits of atomic magnitude/ 1,
>H
cm&/ so that the acceleration 3ill 2e of the order of U
!
O!tP1,
!"
egs&/ and the
force needed to drop even a single electron 3ill 2e 1O1, dyne& The po3er to stop and neutrali4e such electrons
flying 3ith 1O7, of the speed of light inside a molecular thic-ness can 2e estimated&
energy
time
P mu
u
!t
P 1, ;1, < 1, P 1, erg O sec
1
!
! !K 7 H H
Reaction of e#cited atoms or molecules is of importance only under conditions of high electric densities/ in
vie3 of the short time intervals involved/G that is 1,
>H
sec& Some atoms can/ ho3ever have electrons in metastic
state of e#citation lasting some 1,
>%
sec& 'o3ever/ at lo3er electron densities second impacts can change the
phenomena/ and such atoms in impact 3ith neutral atoms or molecules of an appropriate sort can lose energy
2y inelastic impacts causing e#citation/ ioni4ation or dissociation of the molecules&
1n any collison 2et3een a charged particle and a neutral molecule ioni4ation ta-es place 2ecause of the
electric force e#erted on the planetary electrons in the molecules&
The Bohr Theory of spectral lines indicates that an electron should 2e a2le to lose energy to an electron in
an atom or molecule as soon as it possesses an energy e=ual to hvP1O! mv
!
@ v is the fre=uency of the energy
radiated/ h is the 0lanc- constant therefore 3e have hP"&"! # 1,
>K!
ergOsec/ 6Pfre=uency/ mPmass& $hen the
distur2ed electron returns from its or2it or state/ it 3as suspected that the first inelastic impact at increasing
energies should correspond to these e#citations losses/ leading to light emission/ and not to ioni4ation/ the
1!
ioni4ation potential 2eing higher& 1t 3as found in complete conformity 3ith BohrGs theory/ the first inelastic
impacts of electrons 3ith atoms or molecules at lo3er energies/ in general gives rise to the emission of light of
the first line of a series of these atoms and that as the electronsG energies increase/ the separate higher lines of
appropriate fre=uency appear as the energy reaches a proper value&
*t an appropriate energy of the impacting electron/ the atomic or molecular electrons are completely
removed from the atoms or molecules leaving 2ehind the positively ioni4ed atomic ions or molecular ions&
$hen an electron possesses more than an ioni4ing amount of energy/ any superfluous energy 3hich it has
after causing ioni4ation is distri2uted 2et3een itself and some electrons removed from the atoms or molecules&
* single electron of appropriately high energy can li2erate as many as % to + electrons at once from an atom
as in the outer electrons of mercury& The 3or- on dissociation and the mechanism of ioni4ation in certain gases
such as the rare gases/ nitrogen and hydrogen/ has sho3n the possi2ility of the simultaneous e#citation and
ioni4ation of the same atom 2y a single electron impact of appropriate energy&
1t is found 3ith fe3 e#ceptions that the larger the diameter of the atoms and the larger the num2er of
e#ternal electrons the smaller the e#citation and ioni4ation potential 3ill 2e&
The pro2a2ility of resonance and ioni4ation is greatest at the precise ioni4ation or resonance potential and
falls off e#ponentially from that value on only to rise again as the ne#t potential is reached& 1n any case it can 2e
definitely stated that the pro2a2ility of ioni4ation and e#citation calculated on the 2asis of the electron free path
in a given gas the num2er ions formed are a ma#imum at the ioni4ation or e#citation potential@ thereafter/ they
drop rapidly to lo3er values as the electron velocity increases&
$e e#perimentally found the num2er of ioni4ing collisions per meter made 2y an electron/ is appro#imately
proportional to the e#cess of energy of the electron a2ove the ioni4ing energy
nP. ;E>E1<
E is the actual energy of the electrons
E1 is the ioni4ation potential of the gas
. is a constant
The energy an electron must have 2efore it can produce an apprecia2le amount of ioni4ation is al3ays
considera2ly larger than the ioni4ation potential& The ioni4ation potential determines only the energy at 3hich
ioni4ation 2y collision starts& The greatest amount of ioni4ation occurs 3hen the electron has an energy + to 1,
times that given 2y the ioni4ing potential&
The minimum value of the potential at 3hich definitely inelastic impacts of electrons 3ith atoms or
molecules set in and 3here the electrons lose all/ or a large fraction of their energy at a single impact/ is called
the critical potential& 1t 3as first o2served that the conductivity of gas 3as increased at the critical potential/ or
first ioni4ation potential/ that is/ 3hen an electron ac=uired an energy of e=uivalent volt 6o/ characteristic of a
given gas/ it 3as a2le on impact/ to remove an electron from an atom 3hich has an ioni4ation potential of 6o&
This is e#pressed in electron volts&
The second ioni4ation potential corresponds to the 3or- re=uired to remove a second electron from the atom
or molecule/ 3hen the atom or molecule has already 2een ioni4ed&
Unless ioni4ation occurs/ atoms and molecules can a2sor2 only discreet amounts of energy/ this energy has
the effect of moving the most loosely held or2ital electron or electrons in an atom to some larger or2it& Thus at
normal temperature H,&QF/ the average -inetic energy of the gas molecules corresponds to less that ,&,%e&v&/ that
is/ the fraction of the total num2er of molecules 3hich has energies greater than that necessary for ioni4ation of
the gas is e#tremely small&
Because the mass of the electron is so very small the energy it loses in an elastic collision is only a small
fraction of its total -inetic energy& The fraction f is given 2y the follo3ing e=uationsL
f
m
m
!
!m
! ""
1
!
&
; <
; <
$M average mass of the molecules
$m average mass of the electrons
f is appro#imately e=ual to mOM even 3hen the average energy of the electrons is only !,I or 7,I larger
than the average energy of the molecules& Thus 3ith a comparatively small electric field/ if the electrons can
ma-e a sufficient num2er of collisions the average energy of the electron can 2ecome many times that of the
molecules&
1f the electric intensity 3ere only 1,, voltsOampere the average energy of the electrons in o#ygen 3ould 2e
a2out %&+ e& v& at 1 mm& 'g& This corresponds to a temperature of 7+/,,,Q-& Under conditions such as these the
actual -inetic energy of a fairly large fraction of the electrons 3ould thus 2e larger than the ioni4ation energy of
the molecules and ioni4ation could occur o3ing to the collisions of the electrons 3ith neutral molecules&
The forces acting 2et3een an electron and a molecule vary much more than the inverse s=uare la3 coulom2&
This is represented 2y the follo3ing e=uationL
f
" #
$
; <
R /
1
! 71%1" +
!
17
this assumes spherical elastic molecules and ions/ these attract each other at a distance r 3ith a force f& Thus
an electron can approach very closely to a neutral molecule 2efore e#periencing any force due to the neuclei
and the or2ital electrons& 1f then/ the electron has made a series of collisons and its energy or velocity is
sufficiently lo3 it can attach itself easily to the neutral molecule to form a negative ion& 'o3ever/ at too lo3
pressures/ the electron mean free path is increased and collisions are fe3 thus insufficient to 2ring a2out the
formation of negative molecular ions&
Electrons of lo3 velocity approaching an ioni4ed atom or atomic ion or molecular ion/ must 2e a2le to
interchange velocities so that 3hile one electron neutrali4es the ioni4ed atom/ the other electron escapes 3ith
the total energy resulting from the process& *nother e#ample 3ould 2e a free slo3>moving electron approaching
an e#cited atom/ the energy of e#citation is given to the slo3 electron 3hile the e#cited electron returns to its
normal or2it 3ithout radiation or to some intermediate or2it 3ith radiation of lo3er fre=uency& * classical
e#ample for illustration is the irradiation of mercury vapor 2y the line !+7K *u@ the mercury vapor 2ecomes
activated/ is then in a metasta2le state@ if these atoms collide 3ith Thallium atoms 3hile in this state/ a
thallium>electron 3ould 2e raised to a higher level so that it emits the green thallium line& The difference
2e3teen the energy of the !+7K *u line and the lo3>energy thallium line is converted into -inetic energy of the
separating mercury and thallium atoms after impact& 1f the activated mercury atom stri-es hydrogen molecules
in the e#cited state the energy is converted into the 3or- a dissociation of these molecules into atoms or
molecular hydrogen fragments& 1f the e#cited mercury atom collides 3ith an atom of lo3er ioni4ing energy/ this
may remove an electron from the neutral atom ioni4ing it/ and itself returns to the normal state&
Methods of electronic e#citation
*& 0rocesses in the gas itself@
1& Rapidly moving electrons and 2eta particles from radioactive changes&
!& Rapidly moving positive charges/ protons and alpha particles&
7& Rapidly moving positive ions in high electrostatic fields
%& 0hoto electric ioni4ation 2y ultraviolet light/ B>Ray and other rays 2eyond the light rays as coming
from the .osmos&
+& Through chemical reactions in the gas/ e& g& e& o#idation of (O : (O! 0 : 0!O7/ 0!O+/ etc&
"& 0ossi2ly ioni4ation and e#citation of the gas may 2e caused 2y temperature alone 3ithout action of
the 3alls/ or 2y impact of rapidly moving neutral atoms or molecules from other sources/ for
e#ample neutrali4ed alpha rays/
B& 0rocesses due to solid or li=uid surfaces in contact 3ith the gas&
1& Bom2ardment of metal 2y fast electrons/ alpha particles/ positive ions or recoil atoms giving
secondary atoms&
!& *ction of metasa2le atoms on solid surfaces giving secondary atoms&
7& *ction of gamma rays/ B>rays and light on solid or li=uid surfaces giving electrons photoelectric
effect&
%& 1ncandescent metals in general emitting large num2ers of electrons called thermo>ionic emissions&
+& 1ncandescent surfaces having salts/ phosphates/ o#ides/ chlorides/ or comple# metal salts of mi#ed
composition/ at lo3er temperatures give positive ions such as sodium ions/ postassium ions/
2arium ions/ etc&
"& .hemical reactions at surfaces/ o#idation of moist phosphorus/ potassium/ sodium/ give ions of
2oth signs/ 2ut more negative ions&
K& The atomi4ing of li=uids into minute droplets 2y high velocity air currents tangential to the surface
causes the smallest droplets to 2ecome negatively charged& 1f 3ater is used 3hich contains ions
the larger droplets have ions in them and are predominately positive& The source of conductivity
of the gas is the source of the charges on rain clouds and thunderstorms&
H& Frictional effects 2et3een solid particles suspended in gases/ as typified 2y electron in sand storms&
& 1oni4ation of a gas can occur 3hen the average energy of the molecules 2ecomes so great that the
energy transferred in a collision 2e2et3een t3o neutral molecules is sufficient to ioni4e one of
them&
1,& The collision of free electrons 3ith neutral atoms or molecules& 1oni4ation 2y collision 2et3een
molecules and electrons in thermal ioni4ation may involve several processesL
a& The electrons may ioni4e directly in colliding 3ith a neutral molecule&
2& The electron may e#cite a molecule acid su2se=uent electron may ioni4e it&
c& *n electron might e#cite a neutral atom 3hich su2se=uently in returning to its normal state
3ould give off radiation and cause photo>ioni4ation either in the gas or at the 3alls of the
discharge&
11& The electric field is then one of the most important ioni4ation agents&
*n ion moving under the influences of the forces of the electric field is given 2y the follo3ing e=uationsL
1%
F : B*ned
legend F : force@ B : field strength@ * : 2ase area volums@ n : ionsOcc@ e : charge@ d : length
parallel to field
This force acts on each ion 2et3een its 1,
collisionsOsec& 3ith molecules to give it momentum in the field

direction& *t each of the 1,
impacts some of this momentum is yielded to the neutral molecules 3ith 3hich the
ion collides& *s a result the molecules are set into a motion along B&
$hen a molecule captures a charge to 2ecome a molecular ion it moves in the electric field according to the
follo3ing e=uationL
A : eO" # 7&1%1" > a ;1>*LOa<
legend e : charge@ coefficient of viscosity@ a : radius of particles@ * : constant/ ;&HK%<@ L : Mean
free path&
The distance a molecule moves 2et3een impacts is called a free path/ the mean free path is dependent on
the velocities of the ions&
(o3 an ion that has fallen through a potential difference of one volt 3ill have a -inetic energy of 1&" # 1,
1
?oule& That is/
= E :1#1&" # 1,
1
: 1&&" # 1,
1
?oule
*ccording to the e=uationL = E :
1
O!mv
!
3e find that the velocity of the particle after falling through a
difference of potential of E volts is entirely independent of the length of the path the particle has traversed and
also entirely independent of the form or shape of the electric field& The electric field intensity may 2e distorted
in any 3ay 3e please& That is/ it may 2e at a high at one point/ lo3 at another/ 2ut still if the total difference in
potential is E volts/ the velocity of the particle 3ill 2eL
% & m E ! O ; <
E& g& an electron 3ith the -inetic energy of one electron has a velocity ofL 6 : +&7 # 1,
+
metersOsec&
* hydrogen ion having a -inetic energy of one electron volt 3ould have a velocity of &H+ # 1,
7
metersOsec&
Or nearly "&1 miles per second& 'ence the mo2ility of charged particles/ positively charged molecular ions and
negatively charged molecular ions or atomic ions in the electric field may 2e controlled 2y simply controlling
the difference of potential through 3hich the particles are falling& Further/ since the molecules are to react 3ith
one another the rate of reaction and the intensity of said reaction may 2e controlled at 3ill&
* specific case in 3hich the electric field performs the dou2le function of molecular e#citation and the
creation of inter>molecular and atomic ions is 2eing given 2y the system used 2y the inventor&
1t is a system utili4ing the principles of the 3ire corona 3ith concentric cylinder at different pressures& The
system is modified in conformity to the concept that chemical reactions must ta-e place 3hen the oppositely
charged molecular ions from an appropriate activated catalyst are accelerated against one another in the 3ire
corona/ it consists of a cylinder made of a suita2le catalyst from 3hich positive atomic ions are emitted& The
reactants ;gases< streaming through the cham2er parallel to the length of the 3ire attain the polarity of the
negative molecular ions 2y the high electric field close to the 3ire& *s these negative molecular ions are
accelerated at the right angles to the 3ire in the direction of the electric field to3ard the positively charged
catalyst cyclinder/ they are met 2y an avalanche of on rushing atomic ions from the catalyst& * certain amount
of reaction ta-es place in that instant& ;1,
>H
sec&< 'o3ever/ some of the negative molecular ions outside the
mean free path of the positive atomic ions are free to rush headlong to3ard the positive cylindrical field 3here
they are neutrali4ed/ and instantly given a positive charge 2y the avalanche of outrushing positive ions& These
positive molecular ions are accelerated 2ac- into the field and collide against the negative molecular ions
coming from the direction of the negative electrode corona& This melee continues until the reaction has come to
a point 3hen the individual participants are either all gone or the mi#ture is outside of the electric field@
2ac-rush oscillations&
The Moray apparatus com2ined 3ith other e=uipment/ consists of a com2ination of specially constructed
tu2es 3hich 3e 3ill refer to as valves/ Dpressure transmitters/D interceptors and oscillators& The valves are not
rectifiers in the sense that they operate as radio valves in changing *&.& or '&F& to 5&.& They have an actual
valve action in stopping the Dflo3D of energy 3hich may 2e thought of as oscillatory action similar to the 3aves
of the sea/ 3ithout rectification/ from returning to the outer circuit/ much as a retaining 3all could stop the
3aves of the sea from returning& The other modalities and Dtu2esD of the device are e=ually uni=ue in their
performance& *lthough no ne3 la3s of energy are 2eing advanced or claimed as having 2een discovered/ the
application in the method of utili4ation of the energy throughout space is uni=ue in that D9enerationD is
accomplished 2y oscillatory utili4ation rather than 2y the conventional prime o3ner& These detector tu2es have
a synchroni4ed pull 3ith the specially developed oscillators of high faradic capacity and provide a means
through 3hich oscillating energy may pass to specially constructed valve oscillators 3hose relation to the first
stage valve is such as to permit oscillations to come in from 2ut not to return to the outer circuit 3ith an
1+
automatic varia2le relation to the oscillations from the universe/ and capa2le of setting up 3ithin their circuits
initial oscillations 3hich coincide 3ith the oscillations of the universe&
Special provision is provided to stop R& E& tu2es from 2ecoming 2loc-ed in their disipation of the charges
created 2y the oscillations that continually accumulate 2ased on the oscillatory capacity 2ac- rush effect
common to capacitors and herein applied in vacuum tu2es& This action of these devices has the effect of
enlarging and prolonging the time of charge and discharge of the capacitors and the capacity energy in the
circuit to an apprecia2le interval in perfect harmony 3ith the natural energy 3ave through the intercepterGs
valves and oscillators in the circuit 3hich set up in the circuit electrical pulsations corresponding to the energy
3aves captured 2y the interpreter and again -ept from returning to the second outer circuit 2y Dmulti>3alledD
valves& The final tu2es act as energy pressure transmitters 3ith a means to prevent DshuntingD condensation 2y
a special form of Dgetter&D This stops condensation accumulating at the 2ase of the tu2es 3hich 3ould 2loc-
their ionic action&
One must DsplitD the energy discharge 2and into lines of variation/ call this 3hat you 3ill/ lines of energy or
line of light 2eyond the Dlight rays&D The oscillations/ therefore/ do not 2ecome simple oscillations 2ut through
the action of the Universe set up an energy flo3 : 3hich might 2e referred to as the assertion of inertia& $hen
inertia sets in the action 3ill continue 2ecause of the oscillations of the .osmos/ other3ise one 3ould have a
complete dissipation of energy and no oscillations& The oscillations 3ill vi2rate during the same period of time
regardless of the potential/ 2ut the rate of vi2ration of the device depends on the DcapacityD of its modalities/
i&e&/ condensers/ etc&
Let us go from the -no3n to the un-no3n& $e have referred to a form of ionic action in place of the
common electronic li2eration accomplished in radio tu2es& 1t is an accepted fact 3hen various su2stances are
2om2arded 3ith alpha particles they are found to give off electrons& This is the principle involved in various
vacuum tu2es& Thomson gave a similar action of li2eration the name of 5elta Rays& These 5elta Rays or
electrons are thought 2y some to originate in a type of ioni4ation 3hich might 2e referred to as Dthermions/D
give off 3hen the alpha particles stri-e the 2om2arded su2stance& 1s it/ therefore/ possi2le some DparticleD from
the .osmos/ 3ith greater penetrating po3er than *lpha particles/ 3ould penetrate =uart4 or various su2stances
and set up a decided ionic actionE One may2e could learn much from a glorified Dmonochromator&D
Must as sodium/ postassium/ caesium/ ru2idium/ 2arium/ strontium/ react to visi2le light/ or let us say
3avelengths/ 3ithin a certain range/ might not certain other su2stances or su2stance react to oscillations from
the .osmos or artificially produced radiationsE
The universe is analogous to a radio transmitting station& 1t is continually emitting energy/ only of a greater
range of 3avelength& $avelengths and fre=uencies are truly the ans3er to all vi2rant 3orlds of living things&
The stellar la2oratories providing environments as yet unproduci2le 2y man or perhaps only unrecogni4ed& The
terms cosmic energy/ radiant energy ;as used 2y 5r& Moray< can 2e thought of as synonymous terms of
fre=uencies of un-no3n and undefined limits& 1n fact/ limits of ar2itrarily named ranges of the spectrum/ 3hich
the spectrum has not defined so that the terms should 2e recogni4ed as meaning a locality in the 3avelength
scale 3ithout 2eing definitely Dfenced&D Energy must 2e a2sor2ed to 2e utili4ed& *2sorption converts energy into
heat/ chemical energy/ mechanical energy/ electrical energy and perhaps into forms un-no3n at the present
time& D6i2rant 3ith lifeD is more than a poetical phrase&
1n its simplest form an ion consists of a molecule of air that has either one or more or one less than the
=uota of electrons for the electrically neutral molecule& The former is a negatively charged/ the latter a
positively charged ion& 0ositive ions are attracted to3ard negatively charged 2odies 3hile negative ions drift
a3ay from them& This process goes on and the medium loses its electrical charge at a rate that is porportional to
the a2undance of ions/ to the velocity at 3hich the ions move to3ards the attracting medium& The velocity is
less or greater if the ion is not the simple type 2ut consists of a varia2le aggregate of molecules& Much could 2e
3ritten on this& 2ut the a2ove should suffice for the present purpose& Let us go on from/ not stop at/ the Ultra
violet Light Theory of *urorea&
1n some electronic tu2es the electrons are not emitted directly from the filament 2ut from an indirect
.athode 3hich does not enter into the direct electrical function of the tu2e& 5oes this teach us anything to3ard
an indirect generation of ions and ionic actionE .ould the opposite deflection of alpha and 2eta rays and the &
undeflected course of the gamma rays teach us anything a2out cosmic energy or radiant energy valves and
oscillatorsE
The more perfect the ionic action the greater the velocity& The greater the mean free path and the greater the
collecting voltage the greater the ionic gain of energy 3ill 2e 2et3een collisions and the greater the amount of
-inetic energy 3ill 2e conserved& The collision 3ill 2e Dperfectly resilient&D
The little 3e -no3 a2out DspaceD and 3hat it contains or may contain is so limited that 3e are forced to
ac-no3ledge anything is possi2le 2eyond our e#periences& The actual material of space consisting of the matter
of celestial 2odies is a very small part of the 3hole& There may 2e many all pervading energies or matter that
are more important than those 3e have detected& The very fact of our ina2ility heretofore to detect them may
ma-e them all the more important in the cycles of our life and the things 3e -no3&
There is a multiplicity of phenomena 3hich occurs at the same time in gas conduction/ the -no3n la3s are
largely empirical and appro#imate& OhmGs la3 is valid in only a fe3 limited cases/ conductivity changes
1"
mar-edly 3ith the variety of gas and the gas pressure& 1n the detector and intercepter circuits it 2ecomes more
important to maintain oscillatory action than fre=uency sta2ility&
The relationship and com2ination of natural vi2ration and forced vi2ration is particularly important& 1t must
2e remem2ered that a point of resonance 3ill 2e reached at some fre=uency and the charge 3ill reach a
magnitude depending on the impressed force 3hich/ in the case of the universe/ is immense : the effect of
resonance/ pure resonance&
Science claims complete resonance is not produci2le& Science also/ at one time/ said it 3as impossi2le to
transmit the human voice over a copper 3ire& That is and 3ill al3ays 2e a fact/ 2ut the same results are
o2tained& Science also said it 3as impossi2le for a heavier than air device to Dfly&D
Resonance has 2een o2tained 3here a return 3ire in an electric circuit is not necessary& 0ure resonance
offers many dangers to the ine#perienced investigator& The 3alls of Mericho are an e#ample of pure mechanical
resonance& Marching feet/ running dogs and some harmonics come 3ithin the danger 4one for 2ridges and the
other mechanical structures/ as also the 2rea-ing of a 3ater glass& Every su2stance has a natural mechanical
vi2ratory resonance and a point of dissociation& This is also true in electrical or energy resonance&
The theory is that in perfect resonance the oscillations 3ill 2ecome more and more vigorous until the
vi2ration or oscillation 3ill go on forever if properly DfedD or to the dissociation of the matter& 'o3ever/ 3hile
this 3ill 2e true in theory/ it is only partly true& 1n fact/ if one can o2tain resonance 3ith the Dgreat generatorD of
the universe 3ith its multiplicity of vi2rations corresponding to the natural vi2ration and pure resonance of the
different su2stances : each su2stance has a different pure sonic/ pure vi2ration/ pure resonance/ 2uildings may
2e made to fall/ glass to 2rea-/ matter to e#plode/ 2ut only such things as come 3ithin the e#act vi2ratory
ranges of that resonance 3ill 2e affected& The vi2ratory rate and the resonance of 3ater is not e#actly the same
as that of oil& Find the proper mechanical or energy resonance of certain D-indsD of matter and the constructive
results 3ill far out3eigh the destructive& 9asoline and fire each have their place 3hich must 2e honored and
feared as also appreciated& Man can destroy himself no3/ so 3here 3ill a pure controlled resonance ma-e too
great a differenceE There are enough things 3hich/ in the hands of 2a2es/ ignorance or -naves can snuff out
nearly everything no3@ so/ 3here need pure resonance 2e fearedE The 3riter has/ as Tesla did/ come very close
to pure resonance 3ith certain su2stances& Being in resonance to one su2stance as compared to another is not
2eing in resonance to all su2stances&
0ut together in pure energy resonance certain electrical responding modalities 3hich synchroni4e 3ith the
resonance of certain vi2rations of the universe and 3hat have youE Usa2le energy from the universe& This
energy may come to the planets as oscillations similar to the oscillations and the tides of the sea& The R& E&
tu2es received this energy in surges/ 3hich may last only& a fe3 micro>seconds 2ut the pressure and the current
in those surges are so large that sufficient energy is delivered to the e=uipment in resonance as to 2e unEEEed
and usa2le in multiples of flashes and a magnitude 3hich 3ill compete 3ith the light of day& Remem2er
resonance and pressure can do a lot of amplifying of energy& *lso remem2er the vi2rations going out from the
sources in the universe must also return to their sources& (othing is lost only a lo3ering of potential li-e 3ater
over the 3heel&
The R& E& tu2es present no ne3 la3s of physics& 1t may 2e a case of advancing further in the la3 and there2y
o2taining results not at first deemed possi2le& This is the history of science& R& E& tu2es possess greater a2ility to
o2tain DsaturationD and thus charge the accompanying capacitors or condensers at a more steady rate 3hich/
3hen a certain voltage is reached/ ioni4ation occurs in the gases of the discharged tu2e and causes the
condensers of the valve circuit to discharge into other condensers of the oscillators and the other modalities of
the circuit&
$hen ioni4ation in the preceding tu2es is no longer possi2le 2ecause of the reduced voltage/ the process
starts all over again& The first valve passes vi2ration of energy into an oscillatory circuit/ ioni4ation sets in/ a
discharge occurs and energy passes through another valve into other oscillators& The process is repeated from
the first stage on to the second on to the third and so on/ much li-e a 2uc-et 2ridge& That is 3hy 1 as-ed years
ago/ Dcannot a steady flo3 of 3ater 2e o2tained from the 3aves of the sea or energy from the vi2rations of the
.osmosED
Many phenomena/ especially those occurring in certain fre=uencies/ are still une#plained and there are
numerous places 3here the classic theory and o2served facts do not agree&
$hen a vi2ration of any -ind stri-es a 2oundary 2et3een t3o media of different vi2ratory impedances at an
angle of less than , degrees/ a transformation of the vi2ratory rate may 2e changed into another vi2ratory rate&
The R& E& 5evice/ therefore 3ill continue to capture energy 2y resonance/ or call it 3hat you 3ill/ as long as the
D-eep aliveD vi2ration of the .osmos continues to oscillate the various stages of valves and oscillators in the
circuit& Simple is it notE Must a case of the trapping of energy 3hich is every3here present in the primary circuit
and causing it to oscillate through the secondary circuits t rough a 2loc-ed circuit of no return&
Our e#periments have proved that there is an energy 3hich e#ists in the universe 3hich/ 2y proper
development of e=uipment can 2e made availa2le for commercial use&
One may say all DenergyD comes from the sun& .an one prove the sun is the foundation of all DenergyED Or is
the sun a retransmitter of energyE That light is an electrical phenomena has 2een amply proved& The atoms in
those distant stellar cruci2les have moving electrons 3hich are emitting electromagnetic 3aves of many lengths
and and many fre=uencies/ 3hich can 2e tuned to certain ranges of 3avelengths& Our eyes and other senses
1K
respond to some of these fre=uencies 2ut there are many 2eyond those 3hich 3e loosely term light& The
photographic plate records some of these and also invisi2le radiations of shorter 3avelengths or higher
fre=uencies -no3n as ultra violet radiations& There are radiations measured 2y their heating effect of longer
3avelengths or lo3er fre=uencies 3hich 3e call infrared radiations& There are electromagnetic radiations of
shorter 3avelengths& These are generally -no3n as DRoentgen Rays&D There are rays of still shorter
3avelengths@ these are of unlimited po3er& These are 2orn and put into locomotion from the very DSource or
Foundation of Energy&D $hat is a man to do 3ith such a picture of the universe other than let our interest and
admiration gro3E But 3ill 3e ever get to the final foundationE *nything is possi2le 2eyond our e#periences&
*nd as Tennyson said
DOne 9od/ one la3/ one element
*nd one far>off divine event
To 3hich the 3hole creation movesD
Electricity is vi2rations& Su2stance is a vi2rating medium& *ll su2stances are really com2inations of one
primordial su2stance i&e& vi2rations& Electrons in motion go to constitute an electric current& $hat electricity is
to matter/ so is electric force to common mechanical force/ and electrical inertia to mechanical inertia& By
inertia/ 3e mean the ratio of force to acceleration&
'ere on earth 3e have many Dreceiving stationsD 3hich are tuned to certain ranges of 3avelengths&
Energy 3as defined in 1H! as a condition of matter/ in virtue of 3hich/ any definite portion may effect
changes in any other of definite portion& Later discoveries have since confirmed this& Energy then/ is a state of
matter/ or rather/ the result of a particular state or condition in 3hich matter may 2e/ 3hen any o2served phase
of energy appears&
.osmic rays/ cosmic vi2rations and matter may appear to consist of t3o entirely different things/ 2ut the fact
is/ these t3o su2?ects are actually ?oined together& Those highly penetrating rays 3hich 3e call cosmic rays/
originate some3here in the remote spaces of the universe and continually 2om2ard our earth 3ith continuous
vigor day and night/ year after year&
$e must not thin- of cosmic rays/ infra ray and ultra>violet/ B>ray/ gamma or any ray/ or particle as simple
in character& (one of them in any sense of the 3ord consist of a simple fre=uency of ray& Ultraviolet rays/ B>ray/
gamma rays/ cosmic rays and so on all consist of various 3avelengths or fre=uencies& That is all ultraviolet rays
are not of the same fre=uency/ all B>rays are not of the same fre=uency any more than all radio 3aves ;hert4ian
3aves< are the same fre=uency& *ll are e#ceedingly comple# in their ma-e>up& This comple#ity is 3hat has
given them such an important place in the study of the physical sciences&
The great study of matter and cosmic rays so closely tied together/ 3ill open up greater and greater fields of
science for the practical good of the human race&
E#periments have also satisfied us that gravity is a-in to/ if not an DelectricalD oscillation/ so 3ell 2alanced
that 3e might/ for the lac- of a 2etter name/ almost call it a D$attless energyD until some force is e#erted to
oppose its potential and then gravity opposes such force& This means gravity can 2e controlled and unlimited
advancement made in air navigation&
Facts prove that matter is capa2le of dissociation fitted to lead it into forms in 3hich it loses all its material
=ualities& *mong the most important 5r& Le Bon noted the emission 2y all 2odies of particles endo3ed 3ith
immense speed/ capa2le of ma-ing the air a conductor of electricity/ of passing through o2stacles/ and of 2eing
thro3n out of their course 2y a magnetic field& (one of the forces then -no3n 3ere a2le to produce such effects/
particularly the emission of particles 3ith a speed almost or e=ualing that of light@ it 3as evident that science
then found itself in the presence of a2solutely un-no3n facts& Several theories 3ere put forth in e#planation of
them& One only : that the dissociation of atoms/ 3hich 5r& Le Bon advanced at the commencement of these
researches : has resisted all criticism and on this account is no3 almost universally adopted&
1t is no3 nearly seventy years since 5r& Le Bon proved 2y e#periment that the phenomena o2served in
su2stances termed radioactive : such as uranium : could 2e o2served in all su2stances in nature/ and could
only 2e e#plained 2y the dissociation of their atoms&
The action of light on any su2stance/ a lighted lamp/ chemical reactions of very different -inds/ an electric
discharge/ etc&/ cause these efflu#es to appear& Su2stances termed radio>active such as uranium or radium/
simply present in a high degree a phenomena 3hich all matter possesses to some e#tent& $hen 5r& Le Bon
formulated for the first time this generali4ation/ though it 3as supported 2y very precise e#periments/ it
attracted hardly any attention& 1n the 3hole 3orld one physicist/ the learned 0rof& 5e 'een/ alone grasped its
import and adopted it after having verified its perfect correctness& But the e#periments 2eing too convincing to
permit of long challenge/ the doctrine of the universal dissociation of matter at last triumphed& The atmosphere
3as then cleared/ and physicists no longer denied that this dissocation of matter : this radioactivity as it is
no3 called : is a universal phenomenon 3idely spread thoughout the universe@ and/ as 0rof& M& M& Thomson
demonstrated/ e#ists in most su2stances : 3ater/ sand/ granite/ clay/ 2ric-s/ etc&
$hat 2ecomes of matter 3hen it dissociatesE .an it 2e supposed that 3hen atoms dissaggregate they only
divide into smaller parts and thus form a simple Ddust of atomsDE $e shall see that nothing of the sort ta-es
place/ and that matter 3hich dissociates demateriali4es itself 2y passing through successive phases 3hich
gradually deprive it of its material =ualities until it finally returns to the rate of vi2rations 3hence it seems to
have issued as energy&
1H
$hen the fact is once recogni4ed that atoms can dissociate and reappear as energy and then from energy
2ac- to matter then the =uestion arises as to 3hence they o2tain the immense =uantity of energy necessary to
launch into space/ particles 3ith a speed of a same order as light or greater'
The e#planation in reality is simple enough/ since it is verified that far from 2eing an inert thing only
capa2le of giving up the energy artificially supplied to it/ matter is an enormous reservoir of energy/ intra
cosmic energy&
Such a doctrine years ago assailed too many then accepted fundamental scientific principles to 2e at once
admitted& *ccustomed to regard the rights/ the rigid principles of thermodynamics as a2solute truths/ and
persuaded that an isolated material system could possess no other energy than supplied from 3ithout/ a ma?ority
of physicists long persisted in see-ing outside of it the sources of the energy manifested during the dissociation/
not disintegration of matter& 9radually 3e are coming to see the facts&
The reality of this form& of energy is proven 2y e#perimental facts& .osmic energy is the most po3erful of
-no3n forces/ and is the origin of most others including intra atomic energy&
Matter/ formerly regarded as inert and only a2le to give 2ac- the energy originally supplied to it/ is/ on the
other hand/ a colossal reservoir of energy intra>atomic and intra>cosmic energy 3hich can 2e e#pended 3ithout
2orro3ing anything from 3ithout&
1t is from the intra>sonic energy manifested during the dissociation of matter that most of the forces in the
universe are derived/ nota2ly electricity and solar heat&
Force and matter are t3o different forms of one and the same thing& Matter represents a sta2le form of intra>
atomic energy@ heat/ light/ electricity/ etc&/ represent insta2le forms of it ;cosmic energy<&
1n the dissociation of atoms/ the sta2le form of energy termed matter is simply changed into those unsta2le
forms -no3n 2y the names of electricity/ light/ heat/ etc&
For the e#amination of these several propositions let us/ as a 2asis of presentation/ ta-e them as proved and
see- at once the changes they 2ring a2out in a general conception of the mechanism of the universe&
The pro2lem of the nature of matter and of force is one of those 3hich has most e#ercised the sagacity of
scientists& 1ts complete solution has escaped us 2ecause it really implies the -no3ledge/ still inaccessi2le/ of the
first cause of things& Scientific theories heretofore set forth have not allo3ed us to completely solve this great
=uestion& They lead/ ho3ever/ to a conception of matter and energy far different from that in use at the present
day/ cosmic energy&
$e can arrive at the conclusion that matter is an immense reservoir of energy solely constituted 2y a system
of vi2rating atoms maintained in e=uili2rium 2y the rotations/ attractions and repulsions of matterGs component
parts& From this e=uili2rium result the material properties of 2odies such as 3eight/ form/ and apparent
permanence& Matter also represents movement/ 2ut the movements of its component elements are confined
3ithin a very restricted space& This conception leads us to vie3 matter as a variety of energy& To the -no3n
forms of energy : heat/ light : there must 2e added another : energy from the cosmos 3hich em2races 2ut
surpasses intra>atomic energy& This energy is characteri4ed 2y its collossal greatness and its unlimited
accumulation 3ith everything in the universe&
1t follo3s from the preceding statements that 2y dissociation of matter one is simply giving to the variety of
energy 3hich fills all space in a different form : such as/ for e#ample/ 3hat 3e call electricity or light 2ut in
reality are radiations or forms of vi2rations/ their proper status&
$e 3ill endeavour to give an account of the forms under 3hich this energy of the universe may 2e
condensed 3ithin the atom/ and the cosmos/ 2ut the e#istence of the fact itself has a far greater importance than
the theories it gives rise to of simple atomic energy& $ithout pretending to give the definition so vainly sought
for of energy/ 3e 3ill content ourselves 3ith stating that all phenomenality is nothing 2ut a transformation of
e=uili2rium& $hen the transformations of e=uili2rium are rapid/ 3e call them electricity/ heat/ light/ all forms
of vi2ration& $hen the changes of e=uili2rium are slo3er/ 3e give them the name of matter& To go 2eyond this
3e must 3ander into the region of hypothesis and admit that the elements of 3hich the aggregate is represented
2y forces in e=uili2rium/ are constituted 2y vortices formed in the midst of the universe& These vortices posses
an individuality/ supposed 2y some to 2e ephemeral 2ut 3hich the evolution of matter and of energy prove to 2e
eternal& The individuality disappears/ and the vorte# dissolves as soon as the forces 3hich maintain their
e#istence cease to act 2ut others form else3here/ i&e& eternal creation/ eternal evolution/ eternal energy and
matter&
The e=uili2riums of these elements of 3hich the aggregate constitutes an atom/ may 2e compared to those
3hich -eep the planets in their or2its& So soon as they are distur2ed considera2le energies manifest themselves/
as they 3ould 3ere the earth or any other planet stayed in its course&
Such distur2ances in planetary systems may 2e reali4ed/ either 3ithout apparent reason/ as in very
radioactive 2odies 3hen/ for diverse reasons/ they reached a certain degree of insta2ility/ or artificially : as in
ordinary 2odies 3hen 2rought under the influence of various e#citants : heat/ light/ or other forms of
vi2ration&
These e#citants act in such cases li-e the detonator of an e#plosive : that is to say/ 2y freeing =uantities of
energy greatly in e#cess of the very slight cause 3hich has determined their li2eration& *nd as the energy
condensed in the universe is immense in =uantity/ it results from this that to an e#tremely slight loss in matter
there corresponds the creation of an enormous =uantity of energy&
1
From this standpoint 3e may say of the various forms of energy such as heat/ electricity/ light ;all
vi2rations</ represent the last stages of matter 2efore it returns into the cosmos from 3hence it came&
1F/ e#tending these ideas/ 3e 3ish to apply them to the differences presented 2y the various simple 2odies
studied/ 3e should say that one simple 2ody only differs from another in rate of vi2ration& 1f 3e could deprive
any element of a sufficient =uantity of the energy it contains/ 3e should succeed in completely transforming it&
*s to the necessarily hypothetical origin of the energies condensed 3ithin the atom/ 3e 3ill see- for it in a
phenomenon analogous to that invo-ed 2y astronomers to e#plain the formation of the sun/ and of the energies
it stores up& To their minds this formation is the necessary conse=uence of the condensation of the primitive
ne2ula& 1f this theory 2e valid for the solar system/ an analogous e#planation is e=ually so for all matter&
Such a theory clears a3ay the classical duality of matter and energy& These are t3o identical things under
different aspects& There is no separation 2et3een matter and energy/ since matter is simply a sta2le form of
energy and nothing else and continually changes from one to the other in the cosmos&
$e can only understand things 2y fitting them into the common frame of our thoughts& The essence of
energy 2eing un-no3n/ 3e are compelled to materiali4e it in order to ena2le us to reason a2out it& $e thus
arrive : 2ut only for the purposes of demonstration : at the follo3ing definitionsL Energy and matter
represent entities of the same order& The various forms of energy : electricity/ heat/ light : are manifestations
of matter in action& They only differ in the nature and the sta2ility of the e=uili2rium formed in the heart of the
cosmos& 1t is through these manifestations that the universe is -no3n to us&
The illustrious Faraday endeavored to clear a3ay the duality e#isting 2et3een matter and energy& Others
made the same attempt/ 2y pointing out that matter 3as only 2rought home to us 2y the intermediary of forces
acting on our senses& But all arguments of this order 3ere considered as having a purely metaphysical 2earing&
1t 3as o2?ected to in FaradayGs time that it had not 2een possi2le to transform matter into energy/ and that this
matter 3as necessary to animate the former& Scientific principles/ considered assured/ taught that nature as a
-ind of inert reservoir could create the li=uid it holds& Everything seemed then to point out that nature and
energy 3ere irreduci2le things as independent one of the other as 3eight is of color& 1t 3as therefore not 3ithout
reason that they 3ere ta-en as 2elonging to different 3orlds&
The transformation of matter into energy having 2een demonstrated/ it follo3s that energy may 2e
transformed into matter&
The facts summed up in the preceding pages sho3 that matter in a set form is not eternal 2ut as a rate of
vi2ration or energy is eternal/ that it constitutes an enormous reservoir of vi2rations/ and that it disappears 2y
transforming itself into other forms of energy or matter 2efore returning to its source/ 2eing in reality ?ust
another cycle in the process of creation&
1t can therefore 2e said that if matter cannot 2e created/ it cannot 2e destroyed 2ut returning to its source
2egins a cycle again& The elements of a su2stance 3hich is 2urned or sought to 2e annihilated 2y any other
means are transformed and are 2ut a change of vi2ration& They may lose every =uality of matter/ including the
most fundamental of them all : 3eight : 2ut that only sho3s gravity lost its po3er over such elements
2ecause of a change in vi2ration& The theoretical importance of these principles is considera2le 2ut self>evident&
1t is easy to deprive matter of all its attri2utes/ save one& Solidity/ shape/ color/ chemical properties may
disappear 2ut there remains a rate of vi2ration& The very hardest 2ody can 2e transformed into an invisi2le
vapor& But/ in spite of every one of these changes/ the mass of the 2ody/ as measured 2y its 3eight/ remains
invaria2le/ and 2y changing or restoring rates of vi2rations can 2e made to reappear@ this constituted the one
fi#ed point in the mo2ile ocean of phenomena/ vi2ration& 1t ena2les the chemist/ as 3ell as the physicist/ to
follo3 matter through its perpetual transformations/ and this is 3hy matter remains something mo2ile and
eternal&
The importance of permanence and/ therefore/ the indestructi2ility of vi2ration 3hich one recogni4es
throughout the changes in matter/ 2eing the only characteristic 2y 3hich this great un-no3n conception can 2e
grasped/ necessarily 2ecame preponderant&
These fundamental dogmas/ the 2ases of modern science/ the researches detailed in this 3or- tend to
destroy& 1f the principle of the conservation of energy : 3hich is simply a 2old generali4ation of e#periments
made in very simple cases : li-e3ise succum2s to the 2lo3s 3hich are already attac-ing it/ the conclusion
must 2e arrived at that nothing in the 3orld is eternal in a set form 2ut su2?ect to changes of rate of vi2ration&
The great divinities of science could also 2e condemned to su2mit to that invaria2le cycle 3hich rules all
things&
On the ruins of former doctrines and after centuries of persistent efforts/ there sprang up t3o sovereign
po3ers 3hich seemed eternal : matter as the fundamental 3oof of things and energy to animate it/ the t3o
2eing one on different rates of >vi2ration& $ith the e=uations connecting them/ modern science thought it could
e#plain all phenomena& 1n its learned formulas all the secrets of the universe 3ere enclosed& The divinities of
old time 3ere replaced 2y ingenious systems of differential e=uations&
5iscovery is rarely spontaneous@ it only appears so 2ecause the difficulties and the hesitations 3hich most
often surround its inception are generally unnoticed&
The pu2lic trou2les itself very little 3ith the 3ay in 3hich inventions are made/ 2ut psychologists should
certainly 2e interested in certain sides of the pro2lems of inventions& 1n fact/ they 3ill find therein valua2le
documents on the 2irth of 2eliefs/ on the part played/ even in la2oratories/ 2y suggestions and illusions/ and
!,
finally on the preponderant influence of prestige considered as a principal element of demonstration 3hich
much of the time surplant facts&
The generality of the phenomenon of the dissociation of matter 3ould have 2een noticed much sooner if a
num2er of -no3n facts had 2een closely e#amined/ 2ut this 3as not done& So also is this true of the la3 of
oscillations 2y vi2rations of the universe& These facts 3ere spread over very different chapters of physics& For
e#ample/ the loss of an electric charge occasioned 2y ultraviolet light has long 2een -no3n/ 2ut not one little
thought connecting the fact 3ith a cathode ray& More than K+ years ago (iepe de Saint>6ictor sa3 that/ in the
dar-/ salts of uranium caused photographic impressions for several months@ 2ut as this phenomenon did not
seem to 2e connected 3ith any -no3n fact/ it 3as put to one side as the oscillations of the cosmos are no3& For
hundreds of years the gases of the oscillations or vi2rations of the universe have gone unappreciated& The
common lin- 3hich connects them appeared clearly 3hen 3e esta2lished that the dissociation of matter and the
forms of energy 3hich result from it are to 2e ran-ed among the most 3idely spread natural phenomena&
Flames had 2een o2served to discharge electrified 2odies 3ithout any one determining the e#act cause of this
phenomenonO& The loss of electric charges through the influence of light had 2een -no3n for many years 2ut it
3as regarded as a fact peculiar to a fe3 metals 3ith no suspicion of ho3 general and important this la3 3as&
*ll this phenomena and many others/ such as electricity and solar heat : are very dissimilar in appearance/
2ut are the conse=uences of the same fact : namely/ the dissociation of matter&
The discovery of the dissociation of matter 2y radiation has allo3ed us to penetrate into an un-no3n 3orld
ruled 2y ne3 forces/ 3here matter losing its properties as 3e had -no3n it/ 2ecomes a form 3hich passes
3ithout difficulty through o2stacles/ and possesses a 3hole series of unforseen properties/ the farreaching effect
of 3hich 3e have yet a great deal to learn a2out&
$ith the discovery of the universal dissociation of matter is lin-ed to that of intra>atomic energy and energy
of the cosmos 2y 3hich science has succeded in e#plaining some radioactive phenomena&
The origin of intra>atomic energy is not difficult to elucidate/ if one supposes/ as do the astronomers/ that
the condensation of our ne2ula suffices 2y itself to e#plain the constitution of our solar system& 1t is conceiva2le
that an analogous condensation of the cosmos may have 2egotten the energies contained in the atom& The latter
may 2e roughly compared to a sphere in 3hich a non>li=uefia2le gas 3as compressed to the degree of thousands
of atmospheres at the 2eginning of the 3orld&
The reason this force ;the most 3idespread and the mightiest of all those of nature< has remained
unrecogni4ed so long is in the first place 2ecause man lac-ed the reagents necessary for the proof of its
e#istence and then/ 2ecause the theory and atomic edifice erected 2y science 3ere so sta2le/ so solidly fi#ed in
our minds that its dissociation and connection 3ith the cosmos remained e#tremely slight& 'ad it 2een
other3ise the 3orld 3ould long ago have utili4ed cosmic energy
R

But ho3 is it that a demonstration so simple as that of the e#istence of cosmic radiant energy has not 2een
made since the discovery of radioactivity/ and especially since the demonstration of the generality of this
phenomenonE This can only 2e e#plained 2y 2earing in mind that it 3as contrary to all accepted principles to
recogni4e that matter or the energy of the universe could 2y itself produce energy& Scientif is dogmas inspire the
same superstitious fear as did the gods of old/ though they have at times permitted all their lia2ility to 2e
2ro-en&
The fact of the e#istence of a considera2le condensation of energy 3ithin the atoms of the universe only
seemed at first to annoy us 2ecause it 3as outside the range of things formerly taught us 2y e#perience@ it
should ho3ever 2e remar-ed that/ even leaving on one side the facts revealed 2y radioactivity/ analogous
concentrations are daily o2serva2le& 1s it not stri-ingly evident/ in fact that electricity must e#ist at an enormous
degree of accumulation in all su2stances of the universe since it is found 2y the electrolysis of 3ater that one
gramme of hydrogen possesses an electcric charge of "/,,, coulom2sE One gets an idea of the degree of
condensation at 3hich electricity e#isted 2efore its li2eration in all the universe& Elementary treatises have long
since pointed out that 2arely a t3entieth part of the a2ove =uantity 3ould suffice to charge a glo2e the si4e of
the earth to a potential of many thousands of volts& The 2est static machines of our la2oratories hardly give
forth& 1O1,/,,, of a coulom2 per second&
They 3ould have/ conse=uently/ to 3or- unceasingly for a little over 7, years to give the =uantity of
electricity contained 3ithin the atoms of one gramme of hydrogen&
*s electricity e#ists in a state of considera2le concentration in all matter/ it is evident that the atoms of the
universe should have 2een regarded many years ago as a verita2le capacitor of energy& One should have
recogni4ed the =uantity of this energy must 2e enormous@ it 3as only necessary to appreciate the magnitude of
the attractions and repulsions 3hich are produced 2y electric charges 2efore us& 1t is curious to note that several
physicists years ago have touched the fringe of this =uestion 3ithout perceiving its conse=uences& For e#ample/
.ornu pointed out that if it 3ere possi2le to concentrate a charge of another sphere also having a charge of one
couloum2/ the force created 2y this repulsion 3ould e=ual 1H dynes/ or a2out 2illions of -ilogrammes&
$hat a2out the stars and plants of the universeE $e -no3 that 2y the dissociation of 3ater 3e can o2tain
from one gramme of hydrogen an electric charge of "/,,, coulom2s& This energy 3ould 2e enough ;and this is
R
Let us here remind the reader this theory 3as first given to the 3orld 2y Moray as early as 11% and 1!" first
pu2lished in printed 2oo- form in 171&
!1
e#actly the hypothesis enunciated 2y M& M& Thomson< to dispose the electric particles at suita2le distances 3ithin
the universe to o2tain through their attractions/ repulsions/ and rotations/ e#tremely po3erful energies in an
e#tremely small space& The difficulty 3as not/ therefore/ in conceiving that a great deal of energy could remain
3ithin any atom/ not ?ust a radioactive one/ 2ut that nature 3as supplying us from the universe usa2le energy if
3e 2ut reached out to harness it& 1t is surprising that a notion so evident 3as not recogni4ed long ago&
.alculation of radioactive energy has 2een made 3ithin those limits of speed at 3hich e#periments sho3
that the inertia of matter does not greatly vary&
Science formerly esta2lished a complete separation 2et3een matter and energy& The classic ideas on this
decision 3ill 2e sho3n in the follo3ing passage of a 3or- 2y 0rof& ManetL
DThe 3orld 3e live in 3as thought/ in reality/ a dou2le 3orld@ or/ rather it 3as composed of t3o distinct
3orlds : one the 3orld of matter/ the other the 3orld of energy& .opper/ iron/ and coal are forms of matter/
mechanical la2or and heart are forms of energy& These t3o 3orlds are each ruled 2y one and the same la3&
Matter can neither 2e created nor destroyed& Energy can neither 2e created nor destroyed/ therefore 3e can
rightly o2serve that as energy and matter are one in different stages 3e have 2ut one 3orld in the evolution of
matter and energy&
DMatter and energy can assume various forms 3ithout matter transforming itself into energy or energy into
matter : $e can no more conceive energy 3ithout matter than 3e can conceive matter 3ithout energy&D
1t is utterly impossi2le/D Lord Aelvin 3rote/ Dthat the heat produced can proceed from the stored energy of
radium& 1t therefore seems to me a2solutely certain that if the emission of heat continues at the same rate/ this
heat must 2e supplied from outside&D
Lord Aelvin fell 2ac- on the commonplace hypothesis formed at the outset on the origin of the energy of
radioactive 2odies/ 3hich 3ere attri2uta2le/ as it 3as then 2elieved/ to some mysterious forces from the am2ient
medium& This supposition had no e#perimental support& 1t 3as simply the theoretical conse=uence of the idea
that matter 2eing entirely una2le to create energy/ could only give 2ac- 3hat had 2een supplied to it& The
fundamental principles of thermodynamics 3hich Lord Aelvin had helped so much to found/ tell us/ in fact/
that a material system isolated from all e#ternal action cannot spontaneously generate energy& E#periment is
superior to principles/ and 3hen once it has spo-en/ those scientific la3s 3hich appeared to 2e the most sta2le
are condemned to re?oin in o2livion/ the used>up/3ornout dogmas and doctrines of the past&
1t 3ould 2e desira2le/ even in this so>called atomic and space age/ to have the theory 3hich e#plain the
facts/ and to ena2le science to -no3 3hether the energy is 2orro3ed from the atom itself or from e#ternal
sources from the universe&
Many physicists/ li-e Lord Aelvin/ held to the end to the old principles@ that is 3hy the phenomena of
radioactivity/ especially the spontaneous emission of particles animated 3ith great speed and the rise in
temperature during radioactivity/ seem to them utterly une#plica2le/ and constitute a scientific engima/ as M&
Mascart said& The enigma/ ho3ever/ is very simple 3ith the proper e#planation& Today there is an enigma on
the use of cosmic po3er for commercial purposes&
One can hope/ ho3ever/ that ideas so opposed to classical dogmas as oscillatory cosmic energy and the
transforming of matter into energy and energy into matter 3ill soon 2e 3idely ac-no3ledged&
The fact is that the scientific ideas 3hich rule the minds of men at various epochs have all the solidity of
religious dogmas& 6ery slo3 to 2e esta2lished/ they are very slo3 li-e3ise to disappear& (e3 scientific truths/
although they have e#perience and reason as a 2asis/ are only propagated 2y prestige/ that is/ 3hen they are
enunciated 2y those 3hose official position gives them prestige in the eyes of the scientific 3orld& Truths of
such great importance as OhmGs la3 3hich governs the 3hole of electricity/ and the la3 of the conservation of
energy 3hich governs all physics/ 3ere received/ on their first appearance 3ith indifference or contempt and
remained 3ithout effect until the day 3hen they 3ere enunciated ane3 2y individuals endo3ed 3ith influence&
(o3 3e limit the conservation of energy 3ithout fully understanding 3hat truths it em2races&
1t is only 2y studying the history of sciences that one succeeds in understanding the genesis of 2eliefs and
the la3s governing their diffusion& $e have ?ust mentioned t3o discoveries 3hich 3ere among the most
important of the 1th .entury/ and 3hich are summari4ed in the la3s/ of 3hich one can say that they ought to
have appealed to all minds 2y their marvelous simplicity and their imposing grandeur& (o3 tradition fences
them in 3here 3e fail to see their magnitude& (ot only did they stri-e no one/ 2ut the most eminent scientists of
that time did not concern themselves a2out them e#cept to try and cover them 3ith ridicule& *re 3e different
todayE
That the simple enunciation of such doctrines should have appealed to so fe3 sho3s 3ith 3hat difficulty a
ne3 idea is accepted 3hen it does not fit in 3ith former dogmas& 0restige/ 3e repeat/ and to a very slight
entent/ e#perience are alone the ordinary foundation of our convictions : scientific and other3ise& Even the
most convincing e#periments have never consituted an immediately demonstra2le foundation 3hen they
clashed 3ith long esta2lished accepted ideas that 3e hate to discard even 3hen the old dogmas have 2een
proven 3rong& 9alileo learned this 3hen/ having 2rought together all the philosphers of the cele2rated
University of 0isa/ he thought to prove to them 2y e#periment that/ on the contrary to the then accepted ideas/
2odies of different 3eights fell 3ith the same velocity& 9alileoGs demonstration 3as assuredly very conclusive/
since 2y letting a small leaden 2all and a cannon shot of the same metal fall at the same moment from the top
of a to3er/ he sho3ed that 2oth 2odies reached the ground together& The professors contented themselves 3ith
!!
appealing to the authority of *ristotle and 3ould not change or modify their opinions& For years it has 2een the
same 3ith R& E& demonstrations especially 2y those 3ho never sa3 the device&
9alileo lived a long time ago/ 2ut the degree of receptivity of minds for ne3 things has not sensi2ly
increased&
!hen #hm discovered the law which immortali(ed his name and) on which the whole science o f electrical
measurement rests he published it in a boo* filled with e+periments so simple and so conclusive that they might
have been understood by any child in an elementary school' $ot only did he fail to convince anyone) but the
most influential, scholars of his time treated him in such a way that he lost the berth he occupied) as a college
professor) and) to avoid dying of starvation) was only too glad to ta*e a situation in a college at -).// francs
per annum) where he remained for 0 years' 1ustice was only rendered to hire at the close of his life' Robert
ayer) less fortunate) did not even obtain this belated satisfaction' !hen he discovered the most important of
modern scientific laws) that of all the e+amples of the conservation o f energy the vibrations of the universe is
the greatest e+ample) he had great difficulty in finding a publisher who would consent to publish his findings2
no scholar bestowed the least attention upon it) no more in fact than on his subse&uent publications) among
which was the one on the mechanical e&uivalent of heat) published in -34/' After attempting suicide) ayer
went out of his mind) and remained for a long time un*nown) to such a degree that when 5elmholt( re6made
the same discovery) he was not aware o f the wor* o f ayer' 5elmholt himself did not meet with any greater
encouragement to begin with and the most important of the scientific 7ournals of that day) the Annals de
Poggendorff ) declined to insert his celebrated memoir) 89he Conservation of Energy)8 regarding it as a
fanciful speculation unworthy of the attention of serious readers'
*lthough matter 3as formerly considered inert/ and only capa2le of preserving and restoring the energy
3hich had first 2een given to it/ it 3as necessarily esta2lished that there e#isted 3ithin it forces sometimes in
considera2le amounts/ such as cohesion/ 3hich forces 3ere independent of all e#ternal agents& Other forces/
such as radiant heat and electricity/ 3hich also issued from matter/ might 2e considered simple restitutions of
an energy 2orro3ed from the cosmos&
1f the cohesion 3hich ma-es a rigid 2loc- out of the dust of atoms of 3hich 2odies are formed/ or if that
affinity 3hich dra3s apart or dashes certain elements one upon the other and creates chemical com2inations/ or
if the osmotic attractions are repulsions 3hich hold in dependency the most important phenomena of life/ are
visi2ly forces inherent to matter itself/ then it 3as/ 3ith the old ideas/ impossi2le to determine the source of this
energy& The origin of these forces ceases to 2e mysterious 3hen it is -no3n that the cosmos is a colossal
reservoir of energy that fills all space& O2servation has long ago sho3n that any form of energy lends itself to a
large num2er of transformations/ and 3e can conceive ho3 energy from the cosmos may 2e the source of all
molecular forces : cohesion/ affinity/ etc& : of matter& $e are far from 2eing ac=uainted 3ith their character/
2ut at least 3e see the source from 3hich they spring/ the universe 3here matter is D2ornD from energy&
Outside the forces plainly inherent to matter that 3e have considered/ there are t3o : electricity and solar
heat : the origin of 3hich has al3ays remained un-no3n/ and for 3hich 3e can find an e#planation in the
theory of intra>atomic energy and inter>cosmic energy/ the cradle of the intra>atomic energy&
$hen 3e approach in detail the study of the facts on 3hich their theories are 2ased/ 3e find that electricity
is one of the most constant manifestations of the dissociation of matter& Matter 2eing nothing else than cosmic
energy itself/ it may 2e said that to dissociate matter is simply to li2erate a little intra>atomic energy throughout
the universe and to o2lige it to ta-e another form& Electricity is precisely one of these forms&
Throughout the years the role of electricity has constantly gro3n in importance& 1t is at the 2ase of all
chemical reactions@ it is a universal force/ and one must connect all other forms 3ith it& That a force 3ith the
manifestation importance and universality of electricity should have remained un-no3n for thousands of years
constitutes one of the most stri-ing e#amples of apathy in the history of science/ and is one of those facts 3e
must al3ays 2ear in mind to understand ho3 3e may 2e surrounded 3ith every po3erful force 3ithout fully
reali4ing their e#istence& 0o3er from the cosmos radiant energy is another similar e#ample&
For centuries all that 3as -no3n a2out electricity could 2e reduced to this/ that/ certain resinous su2stances
3hen ru22ed attract light 2odies& .ould not other 2odies en?oy the same propertyE By e#tending the friction to
larger surfaces might not more intense effects 2e producedE This 3as the one =uestion of in=uiring& 'o3ever/
ages passed 2efore a mind arose penetrating enough to as- itself/ DThe 3here and 3hy>for/D : one in=uisitive
enough to verify 2y e#periment 3hether a 2ody 3ith a large surface 3hen ru22ed 3ould not e#ercise an action
superior in energy to that produced 2y a small fragment of the same 2ody& From this verification 3hich no3
seems simple/ 2ut 3hich too- centuries to accomplish/ 3e sa3 emerge the frictional electric machine and the
phenomena it produces& $hy not no3 let it emerge from the oscillations of the universe arid put into the hands
of man a po3er 3hich he one time thought the gods alone possessed the secret to&
Electricity 3as then only produced very la2oriously and 3as considered a very e#ceptional phenomenon&
(o3 3e find it every3here and -no3 that the simple contact of t3o heterogeneous 2odies suffice to generate it&
The difficulty no3 is not ho3 to produce electricity/ 2ut ho3 not to give 2irth to it during the production of any
phenomenon 3hatever& The falling of a drop of 3ater/ the heating of a gasous mass 2y the sun/ the raising of
the temperature of t3isted 3ires/ the 2urning of a match/ and any action capa2le of modifying the nature of a
2ody/ are all generators of electricity&
!7
1f all chemical reactions are electrical reactions/ as is no3 proven to 2e the case/ if the sun cannot change
the temperature of a 2ody 3ithout disengaging electricity/ if a drop of 3ater cannot fall 3ithout its
manifestation/ it is evident that electricityGs role in all forms of life must 2e preponderant& This/ in fact/ is 3hat
the 3orld is 2eginning to admit& (ot a single change ta-es place in the cells of the 2ody/ no vital reaction is
effected in the tissues 3ithout the intervention of electricity& M& Berthelot sho3ed the important roles of the
elecric tensions to 3hich plants are constantly su2?ected& The variations in the electric potential of the
atmosphere is enormous/ since they may oscillate 2et3een ",, and H,, volts in fine 3eather/ and rise to 1+/,,,
volts at the least fall of rain& This potential increases at the rate of from !, to 7, volts per metre in height in
clear to from %,, to +,, volts in rainy 3eather for the same elevation& DThese figures/D Berthelot said/ Dgive an
idea of the potential 3hich e#ists either 2et3een the upper point of a rod of 3hich the other e#tremity is
earthed/ or 2et3een the top of a plant or a tree/ and the layer of air in 3hich that point or that top is 2athed& M&
Berthelot also proved that the effluves generated 2y these differences of tension can provo-e numerous chemical
reactions>the fi#ation of nitrogen on hydrates of car2on/ the dissociation of car2onic acid into car2onic o#ide
and o#ygen/ etc& $hy go 2ac- to these scientists of yesteryearE Only to sho3 that much 3e are doing today does
not originate 3ith the *tomic *geF There 3ere thin-ers 2efore our day& *fter having esta2lished the
phenomenon of the general dissociation of matter/ let us as- ourselves if the universal electricity/ the origin of
3hich remained une#plained/ 3as not precisely the conse=uence of the universal displacement of matter&
E#periments fully verified this hypothesis/ and they proved that electricity is one of the most important forms of
intra>atomic energy li2erated 2y the displacement of matter& The various methods employed to o2tain electricity/
nota2ly friction/ only hasten the dissociation of matter& (o3 let us turn to vi2ratory oscillations of the universe&
!%
.'*0TER T'REE
THE #ISSOCIATION OF ATTER
*s 3e study the dissociation of matter/ so 3ill the importance of this phenomenum proportionately increase&
*fter recogni4ing that/ electricity may 2e considered one of the manifestations of the vi2ration of matter&
To maintain that stars such as the sun can -eep up their o3n temperature 2y the heat resulting from the
dissociation of their component atoms/ seems much li-e saying that a heated 2ody is capa2le of maintaining its
temperature 3ithout any contri2ution from outside&
*tomic reactions cool/ simply 2ecause the rise in temperature produced during the dissociation of its atoms
producing the incandescence is far too slight to compensate for its loss of heat 2y radiation& The su2stances
3hich/ li-e radium/ most rapidly dissociate/ can hardly maintain their temperature at more than 7Q to %Q .&
a2ove that of the am2ient medium& Suppose/ ho3ever/ that the dissociation of any su2stance 3hatever 3ere only
one thousand times more rapid than that of radium/ then the =uantity of energy emitted ould more than suffice
to -eep it in a state of incandescence&
The 3hole =uestion therefore is 3hether/ at the origin of things/ that is to say at the epoch 3hen atoms 3ere
formed 2y condensations/ did they not possess such a =uantity of energy or rate of vi2ration that they have 2een
a2le ever since to maintain the stars in a state of vi2ration/ than-s to their slo3 dissociation& This supposition is
supported 2y various e#periments& M& M& Thomson arrived at the conclusion that the energy no3 concentrated
3ithin the atoms is 2ut an insignificant portion of that 3hich they formerly contained and lost 2y radiation&
1ndependently and at an earlier date/ 0rof& Filippo RGe arrived at the same conclusion& 1f/ therefore atoms
formerly contained a =uantity of energy far e#ceeding the still formida2le amount they no3 possess/ they may/
2y dissociation/ have e#pended during long accumulations of ages a part of the gigantic reserves of forces piled
up 3ithin them at their source in the universe& They may have 2een a2le/ and conse=uently may still 2e a2le/ to
maintain a very high rate of vi2ration/ i&e&/ stars/ li-e the sun and the heavenly 2odies& 1n the course of time/
ho3ever/ the store of intra>atomic/ energy 3ithin the atoms of certain stars may at length 2e reduced/ and their
dissociation and rate of vi2ration 2ecome slo3er and slo3er& Finally/ they have ac=uired an increasing sta2ility/
have dissociated very slo3ly/ and have 2ecome such as one o2serves them today in the shape of cooled stars li-e
the earth and other planets&
1f the theories thus formulated are correct/ and this the e#periments of the Moray Radiant Energy
discoveries so indicate/ then intra>atomic energy manifested during the demateriali4ation of matter constitutes
the fundamental element from 3hich most other forces are derived& So it is not only electricity 3hich is one of
its manifestations/ 2ut also solar vi2rations/ the primary source of life and of the ma?ority of the forces at our
disposal& This study/ 3hich reveals to us matter in a totally ne3 aspect/ permits us to thro3 unforeseen light on
the higher mechanics of the universe&
The interest no3 2eing sho3n in spontaneously radioactive su2stances consists in their emitting in
considera2le =uantity// elements 3hich other 2odies only produce in much smaller =uantity& By thus enlarging
on this general phenomenon/ 3e encourage itGs study in more detail/ as also the rate of vi2ration in all things&
Rutherford/ 3ho studied radioactive su2stances 3ith great success and/ 3ith .urie/ discovered facts
concerning rays from them/ led to the designation of the radiations as *lpha Beta 9amma& The *lpha
radiations are composed of positive ions/ the Beta radiations of electrons identical 3ith those constituting the
cathode rays/ 3hile the 9amma radiations are similar to the B>rays& 5id these pioneers 2uild 2etter than they
reali4ed in sho3ing the 3ayE
*lpha particles are formed of positive ions& They are deviated 2y an intense magnetic field/ 2ut in the
opposite direction to the Beta rays or particles& The radius of curvature of their deviation is 1,,, times greater
than that of the Beta particles& They form I of the total radioactivity of radium& They render air a conductor
of electricity& Their action on a photographic plate is much less than that of the Beta rays/ and their force of
penetration very slight/ since they are stopped 2y a sheet of paper& This 3ea- po3er of penetration ena2les them
to 2e easily differentiated from the other radiations to 3hich paper is no o2stacle& Of all the emission of
radioactive 2odies/ it is the *lpha particles especially 3hich ma-e the air a conductor of electricity/ and it is the
Beta particles or rays 3hich produce photographic impressions& $hen a radioactive 2ody is enclosed in a glass
tu2e nearly all the *lpha particles are stopped 2y the glass 3alls 2ut inside those glass 3alls great things ta-e
place 2ecause of their electrical conducting a2ility&
1t is supposed/ from various calculations/ that the *lpha particles must have a mass e=ual or superior to that
of the hydrogen atom and a li-e charge& Their speed/ as calculated from the e#tent of their deviation 2y a
magnetic field of given intensity/ is one>tenth that of light& For uranium and thorium/ it is for one gramme/
K,/,,, per second/ and for radium a hundred thousand millions& This emission may last 3ithout interruption
for more than 1,, years&
The emission of alpha particles/ positive ions/ is/ together 3ith the production of the emanation/ the
fundamental phenomenon of radioactivity& The emission of 2eta particles and that of the gamma rays/ 3hich
together form hardly 1 I of the total emission/ should represent a further stage in the dissociation of
!+
radioactive atoms& 'o3 puny are these compared to the total energy in the cosmos 2ut ho3 close the
relationship&
On stri-ing phosphorescent 2odies the alpha particles render them luminous& 1t is this property 3hich is the
2asis for the operation of the spinthariscope/ an instrument 3hich renders visi2le the permanent dissociation of
matter& 1t consists of a screen of sulphide of 4inc/ a2ove 3hich is placed a small metal rod/ the end of 3hich has
2een dipped in a solution of chloride of radium& On e#amining the screen through a magnifying glass/ there
can 2e seen spurting out 3ithout cessation& a sho3er of small spar-s produced 2y the impact of the alpha
particles and the emission may last for centuries& This sho3s the e#treme smallness of the particles coming
from the disaggregation of atoms& This emission is visi2le 2ecause each particle is made apparent through the
enormous degree of lateral pertur2ation produced 2y its shoc- on the sensitive surface/ in the same 3ay that
raindrops falling into the 3ater produce ripples 3hich e#ceed their diameter& One may/ 2y using certain
varieties of phosphorescent sulphide/ succeed in ma-ing screens sho3ing the phenomena of dissociation/ not
only 3ith salts of radium/ 2ut also 3ith other su2stances& 'erein is the door to greater discoveries&
The high speed of the alpha particles seems very difficult to e#plain& This speed is intelligi2le enough in the
case of the 2eta rays/ 3hich/ 2eing composed of atoms of pure electricity/ and having a very small inertia can
ac=uire a very high speed under the influence of limited forces@ 2ut the *lpha particles 3hose dimensions
3ould appear to 2e identical 3ith that of the hydrogen atom/ a velocity of 7,/,,, -ilometres per second seems
to 2e more difficult to e#plain& 1t could prove profita2le if these e#periments of Rutherford and his co>3or-ers
3ere ta-en up again&
These velocities may not 2e produced instantaneously@ they are only comprehensi2le on the hypothesis that
the particles of atoms can 2e compared to small planetary systems animated 3ith enormous velocities& They
3ould preserve their speed on leaving their or2its as does a stone launched from a sling& The invisi2le speed of
rotation of the elements of matter 3ould therefore 2e simply transformed into a speed of pro?ection percepti2le
only 2y proper instruments&
Beta rays are considered to 2e composed of electrons identical 3ith those of the cathode rays& They are
formed of negative electric atoms freed from all matter& Their mass is similar to that of the cathode particles/
the thousandth part of that of the hydrogen atom& Their velocity varies 2et3een 77I S "I of that of light&
They immediately render luminous 2y impact 2odies capa2le of phosphorescence/ even 3hen separated from
them 2y aluminum foil& The phosphorescence is very 2right in platinocyanide of 2arium and some -inds of
diamonds 3hich are rather rare/ 2ut are capa2le of phosphorescence&
1n addition to alpha and 2eta particles/ the first charged 3ith positive/ and the second 3ith negative
electricity/ radioactive 2odies emit an e#tremely slight proportion ;less than 1I< of gamma rays 3hich are
entirely analogous/ as to their properties/ to B>rays/ 2ut possessing a higher po3er of penetration/ since they
can penetrate several centimeters of steel& This property ena2les them to 2e easily distinguished from alpha and
2eta rays/ 3hich are stopped 2y a lead plate a fe3 millimeters thic-
R

One of the singular properties of alpha>2eta>gamma emissions is that none of them can touch a gaseous or
solid 2ody 3ithout immediately causing/ no dou2t through the distur2ance produced 2y their enormous velocity/
a dissociation resulting in the production of secondary rays/ 3hich are similar in their properties to the primary
rays/ 2ut less intense& These secondary radiations also impress photographic plates/ render the air a conductor
of electricity/ and are deviated 2y a magnetic field& They are a2le to produce 2y their impact tertiary rays having
the same properties& 1t is the secondary rays produced 2y the gamma rays 3hich are the most active& *
photographic impression through a metallic plate is sometimes intensified 2y the interposition of that plate/
2ecause the action of the secondary rays then superimposed on the primary rays& 'erein may lie a prototype of
the action of the universe&
Emanations can 2e cheaply dra3n from any highly radioactive 2ody either 2y dissolving in li=uid placed in
a receiver communicating 3ith a closed tu2e and su2?ecting the radioactive su2stance to certain ray
2om2ardment or 2y 2ringing them to a red heat in a similar apparatus and 2om2arding them 3ith rays& The
emanation dra3n into the tu2e renders it phosphorescent& 1t can 2e condensed in li=uid air& This condensation
is revealed 2y the locali4ation of the phosphorescence&
*t ordinary temperature radioactive 2odies in a solid state emit the emanation/ 2ut only a hundredth part of
the =uantity omitted in a state of solution and under 2om2ardment of certain rays& By introducing sulphide of
4inc into a 2ul2 containing a solution of chloride of radium/ the disengagement of the emanation renders the
sulphide phosphorescent& Radium/ 3hen heated/ loses the greater part of its activity 2ecause of the =uantity of
emanation it gives off/ 2ut it regains it again in a2out !, days& The same loss occurs 3hen a solution of this salt
is heated to 2oiling&
$hen solid chloride of radium has 2een 2rought to a red heat/ or a solution of it has 2een 2oiled for some
time/ or 2etter still/ su2?ected to special ray 2om2ardment/ it still preserves a =uarter of its primary activity/ 2ut
this latter is then solely due to the alpha particles as can 2e noted 2y the 3ea- penetrating po3er of the rays
emitted/ 3hen can no longer pass through a sheet of paper& 1t is only after a certain lapse of time that the
appearance of the 2eta rays/ capa2le of passing through metals/ again ta-es place& The activity of the emanation
is lost rather =uic-ly& The rapidity of this loss varies according to the su2stance& That of actinium is destroyed in
R
$ritten 2y Moray in Europe in 11% 3hen these penetration values 3ere valid&
!"
a fe3 seconds/ that of thorium in a fe3 minutes/ that of radium only at the end of three 3ee-s/ 2ut is reduced to
one>half in % days&
Radium and thorium produce different energy levels of emanations/ that is/ of dissociations 3hich 2egin
3ith the emission of the emanations& Five or si# have 2een counted& The first engenders the second/ and so on&
They/ no dou2t/ represent successive stages in the evolution of matter&
To these emanations are due three>fourths of the heat continually produced 2y radium/ 3hich maintains its
temperature of 7Q or %Qc& a2ove its surroundings& 1f radium 2e deprived of its emanation 2y heating/ it gives out
a2out a =uarter of the heat it emitted 2efore heating& *lmost all of the rise in temperature is due to the alpha
particles& 1f some emanation of radium is left for several days in a tu2e/ one can o2serve the spectral lines of
helium 3hich 3ere not there 2efore&
Before dra3ing too many conclusions from this transformation/ it must 2e f irst remar-ed that helium is a
gas 3hich accompanies all radioactive minerals& 1t 3as from these 2odies that it 3as first o2tained& This gas
enters into no chemical com2ination/ it 3ill not li=uify and can 2e -ept for indefinite time in the tu2e in 3hich
it is enclosed/ a catechist of interesting effect&
This derivative from radium is a special helium since it appears to possess the property of spontaneously
vanishing& 1ts only resem2lance to ordinary helium seems to consist of the momentary presence of some
spectral rays&
The emanation disintegration products of the radioactive 2odies represents one of the intermediate
su2stances& 1t is partly material/ since eit can 2e condensed and dissolved in certain acids and recovered 2y
evaporation& But it is only incomplete material/ since it ends 2y entirely disappearing and transforming itself
into electric particles and secondary particles& This transformation/ 3hich ta-es place even in a sealed glass
tu2e/ has 2een proved 2y e#perimentation&
Matter and energyF $here can one dra3 the lineE The part played 2y various radiating su2stances in the
phenomena of energy and life is a very predominant one& Most often it is the indirect reactions 3hich reveal
their e#istence in the phenomena of life and allo3 them to 2e isolated& *ll 3e -no3 of them in their
physiological reactions is that they lose their properties if deprived of the infinitely small =uantities of mineral
matter 3hich they contain under a form that 3e suppose to 2e in the ionic state&
$hy go into these reactionsE Because they may to a degree help us to understand natural phenomena of the
cosmos and of life 2ecause there is a parallel of phenomena&
*mong the su2stances of 3hich one might strictly say act only 2y their presence is found the vapor of 3ater/
3hich in e#tremely small amounts play an important part in various reactions& 0erfectly dry acetylene is
3ithout action on hydride of potassium/ 2ut in presence of a trace of humidity the t3o 2odies react one on the
other 3ith such violence that the mi#ture 2ecomes incandescent& $ell>dried car2onic acid is also 3ithout action
on hydride of potassium/ 2ut in presence of a slight =uantity of steam it produces a formate& 1t is the same 3ith
many other 2odies : ammonia gas and hydrochloric gas/ for e#ample/ 3hich ordinarily com2ine 3ith the
emission of thic- 3hite fumes/ 2ut do not do so after having 2een carefully dried& 1t 3ill 2e remem2ered that 2y
adding to dried salts of =uinine traces of 3ater vapor they 2ecome phosphorescent and radioactive&
*lthough catalytic actions 3ere -no3n many years ago it 3as only in later years that they proved to play a
preponderant part in the chemistry of living 2eings& 1t is admitted that the disastases and various ferments
3hose role is so important act only 2y their presence&
On closely e#amining the role of 2odies acting 2y their mere presence/ 3e note that they 2ehave as if energy
3ere transported from the cataly4ing 2ody to that cataly4ed& This fact can hardly 2e e#plained unless 2y
ac-no3ledging the cataly4ing 2ody is undergoing the commencement of atomic dissociation& $e -no3 that/ 2y
reason of the enormous velocity possessed 2y particles of matter during its dissociation/ considera2le =uantities
of energy can 2e produced 2y the dissociation of a =uantity of matter so small as to elude all attempts to
measure it& The cataly4ing su2stances could therefore 2e simply li2erators of energy in matter on the earth and
in all the universe& *s in the atomic pile the fission material is 3orn out so also platinum 2lac- and the colloid
metals are eventually 3orn out : that is to say/ 2y use they lose a great part of their cataly4ing action& The
theory involved indicates all matter and energy simply represent a state of e=uili2rium 2et3een the internal
elements of 3hich it is formed and the e#ternal elements acting upon it& 1f this connection is not plainly
apparent in some 2odies/ it is 2ecause they are so constituted that their e=uili2rium maintains themselves
3ithout percepti2le changes 3ithin the limits of fairly large variations of the medium& $ater can remain li=uid
in variations of temperature ranging from ,Q to 1,,Q.&/ and most metals do not appear to change their state
3ithin still 3ider limits of heat or of rates of vi2ration& 'o3ever/ these facts do not ans3er all the =uestions&
Succession of changes 3ill 2e accompanied 2y the li2eration of a certain =uantity of the intra>atomic energy
contained in matter& This is going on all the time in the cosmos to such an e#tent man 3ith his man>made
devices can never hope to compete& So 3hy not use DnatureGs giftD of cosmic reactionsE The actions 2y mere
presence 3hich are of such importance in the phenomena of life/ may perhaps find an e#planation in this
theory& 1t 3as such studies on phosphorescence 3hich led men to this hypothesis& 1t 3ill 2e recollected that pure
su2stances/ various sulphides/ phosphates of lime/ etc&/ are never phosphorescent normally/ and only 2ecome so
3hen 2rought to a red heat for a length of time 3ith traces of other various 2odies : such as 2ismuth/
maganese/ etc& On the other hand/ this elevation of temperature al3ays provo-es a dissociation of matter& 1t is
therefore reasona2le to suppose that the elements proceeding from this dissociation have an active part in the
!K
compounds then formed/ 3hich gives to such 2odies the capacity of phosphorescence and sometimes other
properties&
The com2inations so o2tained have precisely the characteristics pointed out a2ove as 2elonging to e#treme
mo2ility/ that is to say/ of disintegrating and then regenerating themselves very rapidly& * ray of 2lue light
falling on a screen of sulphide of 4inc/ illuminates it in the tenth of a second/ and a ray of red light falling on
the same screen/ disintegrates the phosphorescence in the same space of time/ that is it 2rings the screen 2ac-
to its original state& These t3o contrary operations/ necessarily implying t3o converse reactions 3hich may 2e
indefinitely repeated&
These facts prove that 2y reason of the enormous =uantity of intra>atomic energy contained in matter/ a loss
su2stance too small to 2e detected 2y an analytical 2alance may 2e accompanied 2y a very greater li2eration of
energy& $e have no need to do this artificially 2ecause it is 2eing done for us in the cosmos&
1t is possi2le even 3ithout the action of heat to verify in ordinary 2odies the e#istence of a constant
emanation from the dissociated matter/ though this emanation normally is e#tremely small in =uantity& This all
proves that the evolution of creation is going on continually&
To cause it to 2e apparent/ it is necessary to compel it to accumulate in a restricted space& 1n order to
demonstrate this/ fold a sheet of metal so as to transform it into a small cylinder similar to the one 3hich
encloses the 2all of a condensing electroscope& The lo3er opening is then closed and it is left for H days in
dar-ness/ and then/ still -eeping it in dar-ness so as to avoid any possi2le influence from light place the
cylinder on the insulating disc of the electroscope or special ray counter instruments to e#amine its
radioactivity& 1t 3ill 2e found/ after having charged the 3hole system/ that a definite discharge per minute is
o2tained& *s the metal rapidly loses that 3hich it has accumulated/ the discharge soon ceases& Many 2odies
other than metals such as 2o#>3ood cylinder 3ill produce the same effect/ also certain gas>filled tu2es&
The metal/ after ceasing to act on the electroscope or counter still has not e#hausted its provision of
radioactivity& 1t has simply parted 3ith the =uantity it can emit at the particular temperature at 3hich the
operation 3as effected& *s 3ith phosphorescent 2odies or radioactive matter/ it only has to 2e slightly heated to
cause it to again yield a more considera2le emission of active effluves& The only difference 2et3een all matter is
in the rate of vi2ration or 3avelength/ the difference resulting in transmutation@ changing and restoring& *
matter of changing from one rate of vi2ration to another/ evolution in its true sense/ evolution from one rate of
vi2ration to another or transmutation/ energy changing into matter and matter into energy as 3e 3rote 2ac- in
1!+&
.osmic rays are constantly creating radioactive car2on and the fusion of small atoms together to ma-e
larger ones gives off more energy than so>called DsplittingD of the larger uranium or plutonium atoms/ the
uranium energy release ratio 2eing only 1 to 1,,,>that is only 1O1,,, of the heavy atoms changed in the
uranium Datom splittingD process&
D(uclear fissionD action is not confined to highly radioactive su2stances& D*tom splittingD is ta-ing place
naturally on this earth/ in the universe/ and on other planets and suns/ and there is a2solutely no need of the
unnecessary hysteria that has s3ept the 3orld over Datom splittingD as it has 2een going on naturally from the
very 2eginning of time& Energy and matter cannot 2e considered strangers nor as a science ?ust 2eing
introduced to the 3orld& $hen the evolution of matter acid the evolution of forces is considered nothing ne3 is
2eing advancedL $hen 3e consider radium giving off 7 distinct forms of energy : alpha/ 2eta/ gamma : 3e
cannot help 2ut see a relationship 2et3een electricity S matter& *lpha rayE *lpha particle ;matter< Beta Ray
;the electron/ 2ut still matter<&
Radium also emits an emanation 3hich has the characteristic properties of matter ;radon gas nuclei of
helium/ ioni4ed helium/ another gas generated 2y alpha rays< from radium 3hich can 2e condensed into a
li=uid& 1ts volume varies inversely 3ith its pressure ;Boyles la3< & Thorium gives off 7 solid su2stances :
mesothorium/ radio thorium/ and thorium B&
(o3/ if 3e turn to vegeta2le matter/ 3e find energy is also 2eing given off similar as in the case of radium/
thorium and other radioactive matter& This time/ ho3ever/ 3e find direct electrical energy 2eing given off&
6arious vegeta2les and fruits 3ill do for the e#periment& * Dvolta pileD can 2e made of potatoes/ grain/ apples/
onions/ etc& Let us consider the apple& 1n a Dvolta pileD made of !+ apples ;+, halves< one can o2tain enough
e&m&f& to light a flashlight glo2e& 1t 3ill also 2e found that the living animal cell li-e the vegeta2le cell is giving
off energy and consuming o#ygen and giving off car2on dio#oide and an electrical potential&
$e>find in vegeta2le/ mineral and animal matter the same relationship Gand dependence on o#idation and
electrical energy : o#idation in stellar space/ evolving energy into matter and matter into energy& 'ere 3e see
energy and matter and matter and energy vi2rating together&
Regarding the force of energy from the cosmos/ noted e#perts in photography have found the light produced
from this source of energy is much 3hiter than that o2tained from ordinary electrical energy& *lso/ this light
2urns into the film 3hen photographed due to the great intensity and pure 3hite light produced/ yet the light is
easy on even 3ea- eyes&
1t 3as also noted that detail from these films could only 2e o2tained 2y holding 2ac- dense areas to a2out 1,
times that of normal e#posure even 3hen non>halation film and super flash 2ul2s 3ere used&/ 2ut the pictures
are sharper& Let us again state/ D*n electrical generator is in the true sense not a generator& 1t creates nothing&
Electricity is not made 2y the generator/ it is merely captured or pumped& From that standpoint an electric
!H
generator is an electric pump/ and a radiant energy or cosmic energy device/ a high>speed oscillating energy
resonator&
Let me 2e permitted to say again/ if 3e reverse our imagination on 3hat the telescope has taught us of the
stellar universe/ 3e 3ill find that 2eyond the microscope 3e have the particles of 3hich everything a2out us
consists/ o2eying every la3 that is found every3here from stellar space to atomic space& $e find 2odies in
motion and when we thin* o f how small the proton and electron are) and yet obeying the same laws o f the
universe) we may see the economical wastefulness of science tryin to crac* the atom) when nature) or call it
what you will) is accomplishing the sane thing for us in stellar and inter6stellar spaces' !hy do something
nature is already doing for us:; LetGs use 3hat nature offers as 1 first suggested many years ago& From this
conception/ 3e might see that 5emocritus came close to a great scientific truth in his 2old statement/ 3hen he
declared that all physical phenomena reduced itself to one single item>motion : or as 3e might repeat/
Dvi2ration/D Dthe sonic of the universe&D Let me repeat/ D5o not forget the atom is 2ut a counterpart of the
universe itself/ and that light and other radiations e#ert a mechanical pressure upon every o2?ect they stri-e/
and that all these radiations are essentially electrical in their character& There is a 2rea-ing do3n and a 2uilding
up of the atom continuously/ and it is this evolution 3hich is producing/ eternally/ unlimited po3er&D
May it not yet 2e sho3n that the dissipated energy 3hich results from so much transformation of matter
3hich has heretofore 2een unavaila2le : or should 3e say/ unused 2y us 3here it has only appeared to 2e
unavaila2le should no3 2ecome availa2le to us/ an unlimited source of po3er through the Moray discoveries of
application of these forcesE *nd that matter and energy are possi2ly one is the sum total of all that has 2een
found during the centuries of constant research& *re matter and energy to 2e ?udged 2y that small portion of the
universe 3hich is visi2le to man/ 3ho is only armed 3ith his limited yet most po3erful telescope/ or 3ith his
most po3erful microscopesE
*s 1 have said 2efore/ 1 repeat again/ D*ll space is saturated 3ith energies 3hich are vi2ratory in their
ultimated analysis and very closely allied to electrical action& The relation of matter to energy and energy to
matter then 2ecomes the potential of the universe/ one continuous series of oscillations/ oscillating to and fro
li-e a great pendulum across the universe& * steady flo3 of energy can 2e had from the surges of the universe
?ust as a steady flo3 of 3ater may 2e o2tained from the surgings of the sea&D
Electrons are spontaneously 2eing emitted from the nuclei found in nature and every ne3 discovery on the
su2?ect 2ears out the claim that all DspaceD is filled 3ith energy millions of amperes at very high voltages& Let
D*D e=ual the atomic mass and D(D the nuclear mass& Let DCeD represent atomic nuclear charge/ DMaD mass and
a mass num2er D*D& $e then have the energy found in nature from a given su2stance to 2eL
EnergyPMn ;C
a
< : Mn ;CT 1<
a
: me;e<
Energy : Ma;C
a
< : Cm ;e< : Ma ;C 1< * ;C>1< m;e< : M;e<
Energy : M4 ;C
a
< : Ma ;CT1<*
This is 2ased on the disintegration of radioactive material/ natural or artificial@ 2ut/ the same action is
ta-ing place in the DsonicD ;vi2rations< of the universe 3ith all matter and energy&
*s long as the universe has e#isted charged particles no3 called cosmic raysD have 2een 2om2arding every
planet or o2?ect in the universe/ including all living 2odies/ at tie rate of t3enty tunes per second and 3ith a
force great enough to penetrate deep into the roc-s of the earth&
.osmic rays have 2een called Dthe death cry of the universeD or D2y>products of the destruction of matter in
the cosmos&D 1n the process of the evolution of matter and evolution of forces there is no Ddeath cry/D only the
Dsong of creation&D There is no destruction of matter or energy/ only the cycle of matter and energy& The creation
is going on continually& )ou su2tract in one place only to add in another&
!
CAPT$RE OF ENERGY !Y RESONANCE
!ith the Radiations of the <niverse
#scillating "ischarge = $hen any elastic su2stance is su2?ected to strain and then set free/ one of t3o
things may happen& The su2stance may slo3ly recover from the strain and gradually attain its natural state/ or
the elastic recoil may carry it past its position of e=uili2rium/ and cause it to e#ecute a series of oscillations@
something of the same sort may also occur 3hen an electrified condenser is discharged& 1n ordinary language
there may 2e a continuous flo3 of electricity in one direction till the discharge is completed/ or an oscillating
discharge may occur>that is/ the first flo3 may 2e succeeded 2y a 2ac->rush/ as if the first discharge had overrun
itself and something li-e recoil had set in& The condenser thus 2ecomes more or less charged again in the
opposite sense/ and a second discharge occurs/ accompanied 2y a second 2ac->rush/ the oscillation going on till
all the energy is either radiated or used up in heating the conductors& 'o3ever in the case of RE the oscillations
go on forever 2ecause of the actions of the universe& 1t is -no3n that high fre=uency currents may 2e classified
as to their oscillating characteristics/ i&e& damped or undamped& The energy from the Universe 2eing of 2oth
types/ depending on conditions 2eyond the scope of this 3riting/ 3e have a 2ac- rush effect as e#plained 2efore
in the RE device&
The purpose of the capacitors in the RE circuit is to act in their capacity of stored energy discharged& 1f the
resistance is lo3/ an oscillatory discharge ta-es placeL The discharge and recharge on the opposite plates
continues in the ordinary sense until the energy 3hich 3as originally stored is dissipated& 1n the case of the RE
device a different effect is esta2lished 2ecause the oscillations from the Universe/ trapped 2y the RE valve/
continue to enter the circuit as 3aves of the sea 2eat upon the shore& $it negligi2le resistance in the device/ no
energy is lost in heat and the oscillations continue&
$ith the e#planations given/ is the o2taining of energy from the energy oscillations of the Universe any less
understanda2le than the o2taining of energy from a mechanical prime moverE To use mathematical languageL
e#act conditions e#ist in 2oth cases 2e they mechanical or electrical systems& The electrical prime mover/ the
so>called electric generator or the Moray energy oscillator all have the same scientific facts& 1n a mechanical
system/ the greater the inertia the greater the tendency of the 2ody to -eep in motion once it is set in motion& 1n
an electrical circuit/ the greater the inductance 3ith resistance cut to a minimum/ the greater the tendency of
the electrical energy ;current< to continue to flo3 once it is started&
From the a2ove it then 2ecomes clear that if R
L
C
<
%
3here R is the resistance in ohms L is the
inductance in henries/ and . the capacity in farads/ oscillating discharges ta-e place& For lo3 resistance value
i&e& R/ the fre=uency of the oscillations may 2e e#pressed
f
LC
1
!
Let U 2e the charge of the capacitor at any instant/ . its capacity/ R the resistance of the circuit/ and L its
coefficient of self>induction& Then if 1 2e the intensity of the current and E the electromotive force/ 3e have the
e=uation
E >R
d
dt
L> L
d>
dt
; < &
1n this case E
Q
C
/ and >
dQ
dt
& Therefore
L
d Q
dt
R
dQ
dt
Q
C
!
!
, + +
&
The solution of this e=uation is
Q Ae ?e
t t
+
G
3here @ and @, are the roots of the e=uation

!
, + +
R
L
>
CL
/
or
t
R
L
R
L CL ! %
1
!
!
&
$riting

R
L CL
!
!
%
1
/
7,
3e have
+
R
L !
/ G
R
L !
/
and
Q e Ae ?e
Rt
L
t t
+

!
; <

3here * and B are constants determined 2y the initial conditions/ vi4& that initially 3e have QAQ // and
1P,/ 3hich give
+ ? Q
,
/ and A ? + G ,/
or
A Q
R
L
+
_
,
,
1
!
%
/ and ? Q
R
L

_
,
,
1
!
%
&
'ence at any time 3e have
Q Q e
R
L
e
R
L
e
R t
L
t t
+
_
,
_
,
'

,
1
!
1
!
!
% %

&
.onse=uently the current at any instant is
( )
>
dQ
dt
Q
CL
e e e
R t
L
t t

,
!
!

&
'ence if a 2e real : that is/ if 3e have R
!
V %LO. >the =uantity U 3ill gradually diminish to 4ero as the
time increases&
1f/ ho3ever/ 3e have R
!
W%LO./ then 3ill 2e imaginary/ and 3riting
G 1
1
%
!
!
CL
R
L
&
the a2ove formulae 2ecome at once
Q Q e t
R
L
t
Rt
L
+
_
,
,
!
!
cos G
G
sin G
/
and
>
Q
CL
e t
R t
L

, !

G
sin G &
1n this case the current starts from 4ero and rises to a ma#imum@ it then falls to 4ero and 2ecomes reversed/
after 3hich it passes through a series of oscillations& The discharge therefore does not ta-e place in a single
flo3 from one capacitor to the other/ but a bac*6rush sets in) and a series of currents/ or oscillations/ occur
alternately in opposite directions&
The current attains its ma#imum intensity 3hen
tan G G O t L R ! ;ma#imum current<&
The 4ero value of the current is reached 3hen
G t n ;4ero current</
and conse=uently the charge at the same time is at its ma#imum/ for 3e have >A6dQBdt' Thus the charge
oscillates 2ac-3ards and for3ards/ attaining positive and negative ma#ima after the lapse of e=ual intervals
OG/the time of a complete oscillation 2eing
9
CL
R
L
!
1
%
!
!
&
1f the resistance 2e small compared 3ith the reciprocal of the capacity 3e may use the appro#imate formula
9 LC !
The successive ma#imum charges occur 3hen 1P,/ or G t n 2 they are therefore
Q Q Q e Q Q e Q Q e
R
L
R
L
R
L
, 1 , ! , 7 ,
!
!
!
7
!
/
G G G

71
The =uantities therefore diminish in geometrical progression/ and the energy of the charge diminishes
correspondingly on each oscillation/ 2eing lost in heating the circuit&
$hether the discharge is continuous or oscillatory therefore depends on 3hether %L is less or greater than
.R
!
/ and an oscillatory discharge may 2e o2tained either 2y increasing L or sufficiently diminishing . and R&
These predictions on analysis have 2een confirmed/ as Thomson suggested/ 2y e#amining the spar-/ during
discharge/ 2y means of a revolving mirror& 1n FeddersenGs e#periments the image of the spar- in a revolving
mirror 3as vie3ed through& a telescope& $hen the resistance of the circuit 3as high the spar- 3as merely
dra3n out in 3idth : that is/ at right angles to its length@ 2ut 3hen the resistance 3as sufficiently reduced/ so
that the oscillating discharge might occur/ the 2and 3as reduced to a 2ro-en image consisting of a series of
strips/ each strip corresponding to a discharge& *s stated 3e have discovered the oscillation of the Universe
corresponds to oscillation of electric capacitors depending on the fre=uency of the energy involved going on
into infinity& The arithmetic progression 2ecoming geometrical&
The dra3ings/ circuits and theory have 2een pronounced 2y leading men of science as scientifically
mathematically/ electrically/ sound and correct&
1t is generally accepted no3 2y science/ and MorayGs device proves/ there is energy coming from the .osmos
and that the earth is surrounded 2y such a field of energy@ That the earth floats in a sea of energy&R
E*RT' FLO*TS 1( ELE.TR1.*L SE*
By *lton L& Bla-eslee>*ssociated 0ress Science $riterR
BOUL5ER/ .OLO&/ Oct& 1! ;*0< : 'igh overhead floats a fantastic electrical sea'
1t girdles the earth/ reaches at least 1+, miles deep& 1t 3rithes 3ith storms and savage 3inds& 0o3erful electro>?et currents course through it&
1t is& pulled 2y tides/ poc-ed 2y peculiar clouds/ 2om2arded 2y cosmic rays&
.reated 2y the sunGs cruelest rays/ this sea is the ionosphere a vast belt of electrons and electrified atoms or ions& 1t 2egins ", miles up/ goes
at least !,, miles high'
1n sparsest form it apparently reaches thousands of miles into desolate space'
1tGs a shield 2et3een you and a deadly sun&
$ere it not there/ a2sor2ing the sun B>rays and most po3er ultraviolet light/ life on earth 3ould perish&
$ere it not there/ you might never hear a radio& Short 3ave radio communication depends upon 2ouncing or reflecting radio 3aves 2ac- to
earth from this electrical sea&
Strange =uir-s in the ionospheres sometimes perform magic& Miami police calls are heard in .alifornia&
Or a picture from a T6 station hundreds of miles a3ay suddenly appears on the screen&
E#ploring this sea is a ma?or activity of the 1nternational 9eophysical )ear/ a co>operative "%>nation effort to learn more a2out our earth/ sun
and space&
Fingers of radio itself are a prime method of ionosphere e#ploring& Literally thousands of times a day over the 3orld special radio 2eams are
darting up and 2ouncing 2ac- to measure heights/ intensities and other changing peculiarities of the ionosphere&
$hen the full story is pieced together/ scientists hope to ans3er some pu44les of the high atmosphere and find new or improved ways of
putting the ionosphere to human service'
T'E R*51O fingers and other techni=ues already have disclosed much of the story/ e#plains Ro2ert $& Anecht/ a pro?ect leader in sun>earth
relationships at the (ational Bureau of Standards Boulder la2oratories&
1n reality the ionosphere is our outer atmosphere of ultra>thin air& B>rays and ultraviolet light from the sun rip into molecules of o#ygen and
nitrogen/ tearing out their electrons/ electrifying 2illions>times : 2illions of atoms&
Usually the ionosphere has distinct layers&
*2out ", miles high is the E layer/ then the denser/ F>1 region at a2out 1!, miles/ the F>! layer at !,, miles&
The E L*)ER reflects lo3>fre=uency or long radio 3aves& 'igher fre=uencies or shorter 3aves penetrate through it/ 2ounce 2ac- from
higher layers& Sufficiently high fre&uencies barrel right on through into space' Usually this is 3hat happens 3ith T6 signals&
5uring 19)/ nearly !,, special radio>sounding stations from pole to pole are intently e#ploring the ionosphere& Each shoots up pulses of
radio 3aves/ s3eeping through a =uic- range from long to short 3aves in 1+ seconds/ then timing and recording the echoes from different layers&
* fe3 3ill ma-e continuous recordings of the seething electrical sea&
For the ionosphere/ far from 2eing a static shell/ changes/ minute 2y minute/ hour 2y hour/ season 2y season& 1t is a sensitive lin- 2et3een
events on the sun and earth/ Anecht points out&
9reat flares or e#plosions on the sun sometimes create a much enhanced 5 layer a2out %, to +, miles up& This a2sor2s rather than reflects
radio 3aves/ producing radio 2lac-outs and interference& Other sun flares have no effect/ for reasons not yet understood&
(OTE5 0')S1.1ST *((OU(.ES (E$ E(ER9) SOUR.E
(ic-ola Tesla/ the reno3ned physicist and inventor 3ho developed the great *. motor/ the fundamental principle of radio/ and the practical
transmission of alternating po3er foretold the discovery/ many years ago of a hitherto un-no3n source of unlimited energy/ Dso practical that the
machinery to harness it 3ill last +,, years/ and so 2asic that it 3ill undo e#isting theories&
DThey called me cra4y/ in 1H" said 5r& Tesla/ 3hen 1 announced the discovery of cosmic rays/L 5r& Telsa said/ D*gain and again they ?eered
3hen 1 discovered something ne3 and then years later sa3 that 1 3as right& (o3 1 suppose it 3ill 2e the same old story 3hen 1 say 1 have
discovered a hitherto un-no3n source of energy/ unlimited energy/ that can 2e harnessed&
DThe initial cost 3ill 2e relatively 2ig& *fter that hardly anything and unlimited po3er for the as-ing&D
5r& Tesla has given the 3orld the arc lighting system/ the Tesla coil and rotating field principle for alternate current and innumera2le other
electrical devices&
5r& Tesla did not live to reduce to practical application the discovery he referred to a2ove&
This energy/ or as Moray e#plains it: these oscillations of Energy are pic-ed up 2y the Moray device and
the oscillator tu2es of the device itself& *s stated/ these surgings or oscillations of Energy coming and returning
to the Universe are pic-ed up 2y the Moray 5evice 2ecause the Moray 5evice is tuned to oscillate in harmony
3ith the oscillations of the universe ?ust as musical instruments can 2e made to oscillate together& Every
7!
oscillation/ 3hether large or small/ is completed during the same interval of time& The 2eat note of time/ the
heart 2eats of life/ the oscillations of the Universe all prove the same great fact that oscillations are all governed
2y the same cycle of time/ or/ as stated a2ove/ completed during the same interval of time/ and as Moray stated
years ago/ these 3aves of energy have a regular 2eat note of time/ coming and going as the 3aves of the sea/ 2ut
in a very definite mathematical order of time/ coming to the earth from every direction/ stronger in the day time
than at night/ 2ut al3ays coming 3ith regular 2eat note that might 2e referred to as the Father of time/ the Sire
of 9ravitation&
Belo3 3ill 2e found e#cerpts from some Scientific 2oo-s&
D*STRO(OM)/D 2y Ro2ert '& Bar-er/ 0h&5& 0rofessor of *stronomy/ University of 1llinois/ page 7,7L
D*nother pro2lem relates to the apparent lavish e#penditure of this radiation& Of all the energy that pours
forth from the sun/ less than one part in !,, million is intercepted 2y the planets and their satellites& The
remainder spreads through interstellar space 3ith little chance/ so far as 3e -no3/ of 2eing recovered& The
suggestion that the sun shines only in the directions of material that can intercept it ma-es an appeal from the
point of vie3 of economy/ 2ut appears to have little else to recommend it& 1t 3ould seem that nature is
s=uandering its resources of energy so prodigally that it must end in 2an-ruptcy@ 2ut dou2tless 3e have at
present an imperfect account of the situation&D
Uuoting from DFoundations of the UniverseD 2y Luc-iesh of 9eneral Electric/ pages %1>%7L
DThe great success of the atomistic principles as it is involved in the -inetic theory of matter 3as one of the
3onders of the modern scientific age& 1t is to 2e e#pected that there 3ill 2e found other applications e=ually
fascinating and promising& 1t is no3 2eing pressed further into the service of e#plaining the structure of
matterJD
D$hen Ma#3ell ;1HK7< propounded the electromagnetic theory of light ;radiation</ his achievement 3as
epochal& The e#act manner in 3hich the radiant energy traversed space 3as not -no3n/ and the ne#t epochal
event 3as the founding 2y 0lanc- ;1,,< of the =uantum theory& 'ere 3e have the atomistic principle applied to
energy instead of 2eing confined to the material of the universe as it had 2een& 1n other 3ords/ in the =uantum
theory 3e have the atomistic idea applied to physical processes& $e no3 have the atom of matter/ the atom
;electron< of electricity/ and the atom ;=uantum< of action ;a product of energy and time<& 0lanc- assumed the
emission of radiation ;from the sun/ a lamp filament/ etc&< to occur discontinuously& 'e conceived elements of
energy of e=ual magnitude analogous to the e=uality of electrons/ or atoms of a given element& Radiation or
radiant energy is emitted of various 3ave lengths or fre=uencies 3hich must 2e ta-en into account in la3s of
radiation RRR no3 the physicist uses =uanta as commonly as he does electrons and atoms and molecules& Bodies
are 2uilt of molecules/ the molecules of atoms/ and the atoms of electrons ;and protons< etc& 'ere 3e see the
atomistic principle applied to DmaterialD ;matter< and then to electricity& Finally/ a physical process : the
radiation omitted 2y the electrons : is divided into =uanta& $ith such pictures of the Universe 2eing
considered 3e may cease to 2e surprised at anything/ 2ut our interest and admiration 3ill gro3& $ill 3e ever
get to the final foundationED
Matter and energy/ are possi2ly one/ is the sum total of all that has 2een found during three centuries of
incessant research in all that portion of the Universe visi2le in a forty>inch telescope armed 3ith the most
po3erful spectroscope ever made&
1t is the e#perience of the 3riter that all space is saturated 3ith inconceiva2ly minute corpuscles of energy&
Reference is made to the discoveries of 0rofessor M& M& Thomson& These are dou2tless either electricity in its
ultimate refinement/ or very closely allied to it/ or its immediate carriesJ The earth and sun/ all suns and dar-
2odies in space/ all granular matter move through the primodial cosmical mass of electrical energy as 3ould a
3ire screen through 3ater& The 3ide spaces in diamond/ glass/ steel/ flint or any thing else allo3 these GBodies
smaller than atoms/G as Thomson calls them/ to pass through&D
From the definition of energy it is the potential of the Universe& $hen matter is in a phase allo3ing it to 2e
active/ it effects other =uantities of matter at a disance& The method of transfer is -no3n to 2e 2y means of 3ave
and corpuscular motion& Each impulse moves from the omitting to the receiving mass on a rigorously straight
line& One continuous set of oscillations in this right line is called a ray& Each negative or DThomsonian
corpuscleD ma-es a dou2le vi2ration to and from li-e a pendulum straight across the direction of the ray : i&e&/
at right angles to it/ the corpuscles move over and return to the original position had 2efore the e#cursion&
Since the corpuscles are negative and can 2e dra3n out of their original straight path 2y the action of
magnetism/ the entire 3ave motion of the Universe is electro>magnetic& This is 3hat Ma#3ell theori4ed many
years ago& Thomson proved the theory a fact&
D*fter one corpuscle ma-es an oscillation across the direction of the ray and return the ne#t does li-e3ise/
and the ne#t/ and so on& *fter the first corpuscle ma-es the s3ing/ another distant from it 1H"/,,, miles in the
same straight line 3ill also ma-e a vi2ration at the end of the first second of time&D
D*TOMS *(5 R*)S/D 2y Sir Oliver Lodge/ Fello3 of the Royal Society of Science and holder of five or si#
5octors degrees from colleges/ 3ith honors from a score or more and 3ho held offices of 0resident in a do4en
or more Scientific Societies/ printed in 1!%L
The term Glight/G strictly spea-ing/ means that -ind of etherial radiation 3hich is a2le to affect the eye& But it
is common -no3ledge that there are many other varieties of radiation 2esides these to 3hich the eye is
sensitive& 1t is not clearly -no3n 3hy the eye is sentitive to some -inds of etherial radiation/ and not to other
77
-inds& That/ no dou2t/ can 2e ascertained@ it is a =uestion for physicists and physiologists in colla2oration& But
the eyes of animals and insects as 3ell as of man/ all appear to 2e sensitive to a limited range of etherial
radiation/ 3hich is therefore called light& Other -inds of radiation can affect a photographic plate@ other -inds/
again/ can stimulate the chemical actions going on in the leaves of plants/ and there2y supply the energy needed
for vegeta2le gro3th& *nother -ind : a rather deeper harmonic as it 3ere : supplies everything on earth 3ith
3armth/ and 2y evaporating 3ater contri2utes to most of the phenomena of 3eather& Other -inds/ again/ are
omitted 3hen individual electrons traveling at a high speed in a vacuum/ encounter the o2struction of a target@
this -ind of invisi2le radiations 2eing called B>rays& *nd/ at the opposite end of tile scale/ another -ind of
radiation is emitted and is -no3n as the 'ert4ian 3aves employed in radio&
1n spea-ing of these -inds of radiation as different/ 3e are not spea-ing =uite accurately& They differ only as
tre2le notes differ from 2ass notes@ they differ in rapidity or rate/ of vi2ration/ 3ave>length or fre=uency& They
do not differ in any other essential particular& Through the 3hole range : from the telegraphic 3aves/ 3hich
may 2e> a mile long/ to B>rays/ of 3hich the 3ave>length is actually smaller than atoms/ and only e#pressi2le
in 2illionths of an inch : they all travel 3e assume at precisely the same speed& They are all of the same
electromagnetic character@ they are all su2?ect to the same la3s of interference/ of reflection/ refraction/ and
polari4ation/ 3hich have long 2een studied in the department of physics -no3n as optics&
T& 'enry Moray 3ould =ualify the a2ove statement 2y saying there are speeds greater than 1H"/,,, miles
per second&
D$hatever an electric charge is/ or is not/ it is certainly a focus of energy& *nd if 3e could imagine an
vorte#/ containing the -no3n mass of the electron and circulating 3ith the velocity of light/ its energy 3ould 2e
e=ual to that of the electric field in the space surrounding the electron& This coincidence/ if it 2e a coincidence/
can hardly fail to have some meaning& *nd there are those 3ho are 2eginning to thin- that the 3hole material
universe is 2uilt up of energy in various states of self contained or intrinsic motion@ 2y 3hich ad?ectives it is
intended to discriminate 2et3een rotatory motion/ li-e that of a top or a 3hirlpool/ and ordinary locomotion/
are shifting from place to place&
DThose 3ho hold this vie3 of the universe are strengthened in their position 2y the statements of Einstein
on energy in general& 1t is 3ell -no3n that all the ordinary energy 3e are ac=uainted 3ith/ such as tile motion
of rail3ay trains/ cric-et halls/ and such li-e/ is merely relative : relative to the earth/ or to some other piece
of matter& There is nothing a2solute a2out it& But Einstein gives an e#pression for 3hat one might 2e inclined to
call a2solute energy/ in 3hich the only relevant velocity is the velocity of the .osmos& *nd all the phenomena
3e o2serve in nature/ at any rate in inorganic nature : omitting the phenomena of Life and Mind for the
present/ as lying outside our physical -en : may 2e regarded as due to/ and as demonstrating/ slight
modifications of the portion affected 2y this great velocity/ in form 3hich ena2les it to appeal to our animal>
derived senses& For the spinning motion itself is impalpa2le and 2eyond the -en of our instruments/ until it
partially e#hi2its itself as transmitted 3aves in the form of radiation&D
D*ll the energy that 3e e#perience can 2e resolved into vi2rations or tremors& But all electric and magnetic
phenomena/ and therefore/ all chemical activity/ are li-e3ise -no3n to 2e modes of manifestation of vi2rating
space/ the complete manner and meaning of 3hich have still to 2e 3or-ed out&D
DSo the =uestion arises/ $hat iGs MatterE 1s that too a manifestation of some peculiar properties in the
mediumE $e -no3 no3 that matter is 2uilt up of protons/ neutrons/ electrons/ etc& But 3hen 3e come to
analyse these into their fundamentals/ 3e find far more than a hint that they are 2ut special modifications in the
all>pervading energy/ and are essentially resolva2le into -inetic energy of a specific -ind& 'ence 3e are
2eginning to thin- that all matter itself is a form of energy&D
DEnergy is tile chief thing in the physical universe that directly appeals to us& $e apprehend it under a great
variety of forms& *nd it is 2ecoming pro2a2le that 3hat 3e call matter is one of these forms& Most of the forms
of energy that 3e -no3 are converti2le one into another& The energy of motion turns into heat@ so does the
energy of electric currents/ unless it is converted into the energy of chemical separation or electric charge&
.onversion from one form to another/ 3ithout loss/ is the sign>manual of energy& *nd the proof that matter is a
form of energy 3ill not 2e clinched until it can 2e demonstrated that matter tot< is converti2le into other forms
of energy&D
Many attempts have 2een made to harness the forces of nature directly to produce usa2le po3er& Other types
of energy 2esides sunlight are constantly 2om2arding the earth 3ith 3aves arid particles/ or surrounding it ill
much the same manner as its atmosphere or the very space in 3hich it e#ists& *mong these are the gravitational
and magnetic fields and the cosmic rays&
The features of cosmic radiation 3ould ena2le R E transformers using cosmic radiations as a primary source
to operate 3ith relative independence as to position or season& 1t is also evident that such a device 3ould sho3
possi2ilities of efficient operation in moving vehicles 3ithin the earths atmosphere and ill space at continuous
high po3er levels&
Such an energy transformer or converter leas 2een 2uilt& 1t has 2een operated at full load continuously 3ith
no e#penditure of fuels of any type 3ithout a mechanical prime mover/ -ept alive 2y the oscillations of the
energies from the cosmos@ *n energy converter/ or transformer/ 3hich 3ould 2e capa2le of converting the high
fre=uency/ high level energy of the cosmic radiations into current of usa2le fre=uency and voltage&
7%
Basically the theory of operation is as follo3s& Oscillations are started in the first stage or circuit of the
device 2y e#citing it 3ith an e#ternal energy source& The circuit is DtunedD until the oscillations are sustained 2y
harmonic coupling to the cosmic 3ave fre=uencies& The reinforcing action of the harmonic coupling increases
the amplitude of the oscillations until the pea- pulses DspillD over into the ne#t stage through a special detector
or valve 3hich prevents the return or feed>2ac- of energy from succeeding circuits& These DpulsesD drive this
stage 3hich oscillates at a lo3er fre=uency and is again reinforced 2y harmonic coupling 3ith the ever present
cosmic 3aves& The second stage drives a third stage and additional stages are coupled until a suita2le po3er
level at a usa2le fre=uency and voltage is o2tained 2y means of special transformers& ;SeeR schemetic dra3ing
of R E device<&
Once the machine is in operation and delivering po3er it does not re=uire any continuance of the e#citation
forces& necessary to start it& The oscillations are sustained as long as it remains properly tuned and the e#ternal
circuit is completed through a suita2le load&
The special tu2es 3hich appear to 2e the -ey to the success of this device are 1onic cold cathode tu2es 3hich
re=uire no e#ternal po3er sources&
0ractically spea-ing/ the present method of securing energy 3ith primemovers has 2een used too long& $e
have used it so long/ that 3e have let ourselves 2elieve that there is no other 3ay to secure it& 0resent methods
are e#pensive and cum2ersome& Thin- of the po3er sites/ and steam plants/ the transmission lines/ the
transformers/ and many other -inds of e=uipment that are no3 re=uired to supply our electricity& The present
system is unreasona2ly e#pensive& $hen 3e 2egin to reali4e the tremendous energies/ electrical energies/ that
surround us/ 3e should actually he ashamed that 3e have 2een so dilatory in our efforts to improve upon this
crude/ cum2ersome/ and e#pensive method of furnishing heat/ light and po3er&
Boo-s could 2e filled 3ith accounts of the struggles for e#istence of a ne3 idea or a ne3 3ay of doing
things& )ou need only read the story of the development of the telephone/ and the railroad/ the airplane/
automo2ile/ and so on/ and you 3ill 2egin to appreciate the cost in sacrifice/ money and unselfishness to
promote a ne3 and revolutionary movement/ irrespective of the vast good it accomplishes 3hen esta2lished for
the use of humanity& ;See Ralph 0arleys D0oc-ets of 0aradiseD<&
7+
.'*0TER F16E
HISTORY OF RA#IANT ENERGY
E+perimentation and "evelopment
The thought has occured that the reader 3ould find a 2rief history of 5r& Moray and his 3or- a valua2le
2ac-ground& $ith this in mind/ the editors of this chapter leave gone through a great deal of correspondence
and many of the papers of 5r& Moray& The material 3ould fill many volumes 2ut of necessity had to 2e
condenced to 3hat 3as felt to most clearly demonstrate the purpose in mind and give the reader the most
comprehensive approach to the 3or-&
The story of 'enry Moray is the story of a man 3or-ing alone/ 3hose discoveries and theories have 2een
years ahead of his time& 'is many pamphlets and 3ritings have advanced ideas 3ith 3hich science is coming
more and more into agreement& 1sis active mind has delved into many fields of science and al3ays come up
3ith many ne3 and startling discoveries&
'enry Moray 3as 2orn *ugust !H/ 1H in Salt La-e .ity/ a son of Mames .& and 0etronella ;Larson< Moray&
'is father 3as a 3ell -no3n mining enigneer and an active pioneer in the early mining activities in $estern
*merica& 'e 3as educated in the pu2lic schools in Salt La-e .ity& *s a young 2oy/ he could hardly 3ait for
school to close afternoons so he could run to the pu2lic li2rary to read 2oo-s a2out electricity& Such men as
Michael Faraday and (ic-ola Tesla 3ere his heroes& *s early as 1,+ he 3as e#perimenting 3ith then so>called
3ireless and other electrical devices&
1n 1,K lie started e#perimenting 3ith alternating currents of 'igh 0otential and 'igh Fre=uency and 3ith
rays 2eyond the light rays& 'is main interest leas al3ays 2een 3ith high fre=uency phenomena& lie attended the
L&5&S& Business .ollege/ the L&5&S& University/ and a course in electrical engineering from 0ennsylvania& 1n
11! lie 3ent to Europe and 3hile there over a period of years did advance study in electrical engineering&
Through the years lie has -ept a2reast of the latest developments in science through diversified and
e#tensive reading and has 2uilt up a personal scientific li2rary of very e#tensive proportions&
On (ovem2er !H/ 11K/ he married Ella Ryser& They had five childrenL 'enry Munior/ Ella Evelyn/ Sylvia/
Mohn Eugene/ and Richard Ryser&
0rior to 1!1 3hen he decided to devote all of his time to private research/ he 3as an electrical engineer
and designer for the Utah 0o3er and Light .o&/ 0hoeni# .onstruction .o&/ assistant chief electrical engineer
*arastad .onstruction .o&/ and assistant division electrical engineer for the Mountain States Telephone and
Telegraph .o& 'e also 3or-ed as a civil engineer for the 5enver and Rio 9rande Railroad& 5uring this time lie
designed the electrical layouts for important po3er plants and for some of the largest 2uildings of that time in
the 3est& 'e 3as a certified mem2er of the *&*&E& ;*merican *ssociation of Engineers</ and a past secretary of
the 1ndependent Electric .o&
Time and space do not allo3 a full discussion of the various Moray devices as the primary purpose of this
paper is a presentation on RE& * very complete and detailed record of letters/ articles/ pamphlets/ etc&/ are on
file in the records of The 'ouse of Moray in Salt La-e .ity/ Utah&
5r& Moray and radiant energy are so closely related that one cannot 2e separated from the other& 1t is not the
purpose of this history to give a complete picture of Radiant Energy 2ut a discussion is necessary as it seems
that all of the other 3or- 3hich Moray has done is received on the 2asis of ho3 the party or parties involved
feel a2out Radiant Energy& 5uring the past years/ 5r& Moray has turned to many other fields of endeavor/
continuing to 2uild on Radiant Energy as finances from other 3or-s 3ould allo3& Since 1!" this 3or- on
Radiant Energy has 2een paralleled among other things 2y an intensive study of radiations and radio active
su2stances&
Through the years 5r& MorayGs chief 3ish has 2een to 2e free of 2othering 2usiness details so that lie could
concentrate on research& )et every time lie has turned 2usiness details over to someone else/ chaos has resulted&
One of the chief needs has 2een to find someone 3ho com2ined the unusual talents of a good 2usiness manager
3ith a -no3ledge of science/ 3ho 3as dedicated/ trust3orthy/ unselfish/ and tough enough to 3ithstand the
rough road 3hich had to 2e traveled& The =ualities of trust3orthiness and toughness seem to have 2een lac-ing
the most often& 1t has 2een lard to find administrators 3ith the special s-ills needed&
0rogress through all of history has 2een slo3ed and sometimes th3arted 2y selfish interests& But inspite of
all o2stacles/ the 3orld slo3ly cra3ls for3ard&
Mames 5u0ont in a speech 2efore a group of Ai3anis and .ham2er of .ommerce representatives as-ed ho3
many 2usinesses 3ould 2e in e#istence today if it 3ere not for inventing acid scientific research& This 3or-
re=uires something 3hich no money call 2uy and 3hich no educational training call supply acid 3ithout 3hich
no research or inventing 2usiness can thrive : the po3er of creative imagination& Tile pioneering today is oil
the frontier of scientific research& 1t is no place for the faint of heart&
1ndependent research in the United States today travels a rough road& The pro2lems lie in t3o directions& 1&
FinancialL 1t is very difficult for all individual or small group of individuals to collect sufficient funds for
e=uipment 3hich is very speciali4ed and very e#pensive and to 2e a2le to pay competent help& !& Business
7"
managementL Fe3 research 3or-ers have the time for involved 2usiness acid financial details oil top of the full
schedule necessary for scientific advancement&
0eople/ li-e o2?ects/ seem to lie governed 2y the la3s of inertia& *nything 3hich tends to change the
e#isting status =uo is vie3ed 3ith alarm@ particularly if they cannot understand or e#plain the ne3 in vie3 of
present -no3ledge& Through the years continual e#perimentation and refinement leas gone for3ard/ 2ut al3ays
in tile long run tile 3or- leas fallen 2ac- onto one man and his resources&
*t the onset Radiant Energy received much attention/ 2ut it got off to a 2ad start 2ecause of the desire for
personal advancement acid po3er 2y groups of promoters&
Many leave as-ed 3hat is this thing Moray has called Radiant Energy 3hich has caused so much discussion
over so many yearsE 1n lay terms it is the harnessing of the po3er of the universe to manGs need for electrical
energy here oil carth& Many attempts have 2een made to harness the forces of nature directly to produce usa2le
po3er&
*s early as 1,% (ic-ola Tesla on e#perimenting 3ith *&.& currents of 'igh 0otential and 'igh Fre=uency
said DThere is a vast =uantity of availa2le energy in space and it 3ill not 2e long until men 3ill attach their
machines to the 3heel3or- of nature&
Radiant Energy 3as first presented years 2efore the 3orld 3as ready to accept it in principal or to
understand its magnitude& 'istory has again sho3n the un3illingness of men to accept and adapt to drastic
change or ne3 ideas& 5r& Moray reali4ed the magnitude of his discovery and has felt the 2urden of
responsi2ility for 3hat could 3ell 2e the future of man-ind& lie has had a sincere desire to place his -no3ledge
3here it 3ould do the most good for all and not into the hands of a fe3 3ho 3ere selfish for po3er and 3ealth&
1n this underta-ing he has 2een th3arted on all sides/ even from =uarters 3here there 3as no -no3ledge of or
connection 3ith the 3or-&
Because of conflicting interests/ some people 3ould li-e to sit 2ac- or deli2erately interfere 3ith the
development of Radiant Energy until 5r& Moray ma-es a slip and the invention 2ecomes pu2lic use& The many
offers for Radiant Energy have to 2e carefully considered for intent and chances for successful presentation&
Some interests have even tried to tie the invention up and prevent future development& *s has 2een said 2efore/
time and space do not allo3 a lengthy revie3 of the happenings through the years/ 2ut a fe3 high lights may 2e
of interest&
On Muly !%/ 1!+/ 3hile conferring 3ith Senator Reed Smoot at the senators invitation in his offices in the
'otel Utah in Salt La-e .ity/ 5r& Moray offered his Radiant Energy discovery to the United States 9overnment
gratis& The senator than-ed 5r& Moray for his offer 2ut stated that the U& S& government 3ould decline such an
offer on the grounds that the government 3as not running in competition 3ith pu2lic utilities&
1n the early years of its development during many/ many tests the Radiant Energy device 3as minutely
e#amined& Many people sa3 this device 3ith no other purpose in mind than to prove it a fraud& (one 3as ever
a2le to find any evidence of fraud and admitted that it 3as 2eyond their comprehension&
5uring this time there seem to have 2een four main points of dispute/ all of 3hich 3ere thoroughly dealt
3ith& These o2?ections 3ereL 1& The po3er 3as o2tained from a hidden 3ire connected 3ith the electric light
circuit& !& The po3er came from 2atteries& 7& The po3er came from induction& %& There e#isted no such energy
in the universe so that it couldnGt 2e as represented&
Let us loo- at each of these o2?ections in vie3 of the records of people 3ho sa3 these demonstrations& Only
a fe3 of the more comprehensive descriptions can 2e e#amined here&
The =uestion of 2atteries is most conveniently dealt 3ith at the same time as the idea of a hidden 3ire
connected to the electric light circuit&
On March 1"/1! Mr& T& M& )ates/ E&E&/ and M&E&/ a graduate of .ornell University 3ith a great deal of
e#perience in the electrical field/ 3rote a complete and detailed description of the apparatus and e#periments
3hich he sa3 of the Moray Radiant Energy device& 'e made and related several 2asic electrical tests 3hich
proved that the source of po3er present 3as not from an ordinary light circuit or from 2atteries& 'e made tests
3hich 3ould have produced a short circuit if the circuit had 2een connected to the electric po3er source& (one
3as produced& 'e chec-ed the main s3itch/ and e#amined the ta2le 3hich held the device for hidden 3ires& 'e
opened the main control s3itch on the lights in the 2uilding 3ith no visi2le effect upon the Radiant Energy
circuit& 'e tested the terminals for a 2attery type discharge and found that the tests indicated a condensor type
discharge& 'e tested and made sure that energy 3as passing through the apparatus& 'e emptied the 2o#es 3hich
contained the apparatus >and found no 2atteries nor any place 2ig enough to hold them& 'e also made the
o2servation that the lights even though standard glo2es 2urned a different color/ 2righter and 3hiter/ than those
on the regular light circuit& 1n conclusion he said/ DOne is therefore forced to conclude that the electrical energy
3as received from some other source and difficult as it is to understand/ 3ith our present -no3ledge of
electrical generation/ no other conclusion can 2e dra3n from the demonstration as a2ove descri2ed than that
the energy 3as received 2y and through the apparatus as claimed 2y 5r& Moray&D ;See Footnote<
TO $'OM 1T M*) .O(.ER(L
This is to certify that on the evening of March 1"/ 1!/ in connection 3ith 5r& '& '& :: of :: .ity/ 1 3itnessed a demononstration at the
home of T& '& Moray/ !1H% South +th East Street/ Salt La-e/ .ity/ Utah&
5r& Moray claims to have devised and invented an apparatus that 3ill produce electrical energy 3ithout the use of prime mover/ and this is the
apparatus demonstrated on the occasion a2ove referred to&
7K
The su2?ects of this article 3ill 2e treated in the follo3ing orderL
1& 5escription of *pparatus
!& 5emonstration
7& O2?ections that 1 have heard
%& Tests
+& .onclusions
1& Tile apparatus consists of an antenna/ a lead>in and a ground 3ire& These are connected to the terminals of a s3itch& T3o 3ooden 2o#es
3ere placed on a ta2le& 1n one of these 2o#es 3as a high>fre=uency transformer and in the other 2o# 3ere t3o sets of condensers/ 1, large
condensers in one set and 1, small condensers in the other set@ t3o composition cylinders/ each a2out 1 1O! inches diameter and four inches long@
each of these 3eighed a2out three or four ounces@ and another 2o# appro#imately hemispherical in shape a2out ! inches in diameter and 3eighing
a2out ! ounces@ and a coil of 3ire& These piece& of apparatus 3ere connected 2y a num2er of 3ires 2y 3hich lite hoo->up 3as connected&
T3o of these 3ires 3ere led out to the s3itch& One 3as attached to the 2lade of the s3itch and the other to the ?a3s of the s3itch so that 3hen
the s3itch 3as open the antenna/ lead>in apparatus in the 2o#es/ and ground 3ire/ 3ere all in series&
T3o other 3ires 1eading out of the 2o# 3ere connected to si# 1,, 3att lamps connected in multiple during part of the demonstration/ and to a
flat iron during part of the demonstration&
!& 5emonstration&
5uring the demonstration the apparatus 3as connected in series as a2ove descri2ed/ e#cept that a small s3itch connected in series 3ith tile
coil 3as left open&
5r& Moray stro-ed the coil 3ith a small magnet for three or four minutesL he then closed the small s3itch and the lamps 3ere lighted and
remained 2right as long as the circuit 3as left closed/ 3hich 3as a2out ", minutes& 'e then connected an electric flat iron& 1n a short time tile iron
3as hot& $hen the ground 3ire 3as disconnected and 3hen the lead>in 3as disconnected the light 3ent out&
7& O2?ections that 1 have heard&
1& That the po3er is o2tained 2y a hidden 3ire from the electric lighting circuit&
!& That tile po3er is o2tained from 2atteries&
%& Tests&
Before and after the demonstration 1 closed the 2ig s3itch 3hich connects the antenna and ground& 1f the antenna or lead>in 3ere connected to
the lighting circuit this 3ould have produced a short circuit& 1 further tested 2y closing and opening the s3itch several times to see if any spar-s
appeared/ 2ut there 3ere no spar-s& 1 placed my 3et finger 2et3een the 2lade and the ?a3s of the s3itch and could not feel any electricity& 1
touched my hand to 2oth sides of the s3itch and the 3all to chec- for ground 2ut could not feel anything& $e turned the ta2le over and e#amined it
carefully for hidden 3ires 2ut found none& $ith the apparatus all connected the same as 3hen operating the lights/ the contacts 3ith the s3itch
3ere moved 2ut produced no arcing& This indicates that the circuit 3as dead&
$hile the demonstration 3as 2eing conducted and the lamps 3ere receiving their energy through the apparatus the main s3itch that control
the lights in the house 3as opened& *ll lights on the house circuit 3ent out 2ut the lights on the aerial circuit 3as not altered : 3ere neither
2righter nor dimmer at that time& 9hus the lights could $#9 have received their power from that source'
9he condensers were 95#R#<C5LD tested& The terminals 3ere shorted/ the positive to the negative& 1f they had 2een 2atteries they 3ould
have sho3ed a spar-/ 2ut no sign of spar- appeared& They 3ere then tested 2y connecting them to the electric terminals& *fter thus 2eing charged
the large condenser gave a vigorous discharge/ sho3ing a 2rilliant strong arc and a loud snappy sound sho3ing a sudden discharge as condensers
are supposed to do and 2atteries never do&
The small condensers 3ere less vigorous in discharging 2ut the some snappy discharge indicated a condenser and not a 2attery discharge&
These tests proved positively that condensers and not 2atteries 3ere in the cases supposed 2y some to contain 2atteries& The 2o#es 3ere completly
emptied thus leaving no possi2le place for 2atteries to 2e stored&
5uring the time that the lights 3ere 2urning the connections 3ith the 2ig s3itch 3ere moved along the s3itch and vigorous arcing occurred/
thus proving that electrical energy 3as passing through this apparatus&
+& .onclusions&
The electric lamps received energy from some source and during the demonstration/ 3hich lasted for a2out an hour/ the lights 3ere 2rilliant at
all times@ ?ust as 2right at the last as the first of the demonstration&
9he lights on demonstration were a different color and seemed brighter than those on the house circuit'
9he electric energy that lighted the lamps and heated the flat iron was not received from batteries in the bo+es'
9he electric energy that lighted the lamps and heated the flat iron was not received from the house circuit'
One is therefore forced to the conclusion that the electric energy 3as received from some other source and difficult as it is to understand/ 3ith
our present -no3ledge of electrical generation/ no other conclusion can 2e dra3n from the demonstration as a2ove descri2ed than that the energy
3as received 2y and through the apparatus ac claimed 2y 5r& Moray&
T& M& )*TES
Mr& )ates has an M&*& in Electrical Engineering/ .olum2ia University&
On 5ecem2er 17/ 17, Mr& )ates sa3 another test 3hich he again descri2ed in detail& he noted a slight
change in the apparatus 3hich made a great improvement in the performance& 'e again descri2ed a careful
e#amination of the system for any other source of electricity& 'e states that he inspected everything and that not
an inch of space 3as overloo-ed& $e 3ill no3 =uote directly from the letter&
D* crystal radio set 3as cut in on the lead>in 3ire from the antenna on one side and to the ground 3ire on
the other side and perfect reception 3as had& 1f there had 2een po3er from other sources on the antenna or
lead>in/ 2y connecting the radio set to the ground 3ire/ reception 3ould not have 2een possi2le 2ut a loud/
humming sound 3ould 2e produced& This 3as demonstrated 2y connecting the radio set to the house lighting
system& $hen the system 3as 3or-ing/ the lights 3ere 2urning 2right& The terminal attached to the antenna
3as disconnected& * vigorous arcing occured and the spar-s ?umped over an air gap as much as si# inches& This
3ould indicate that the po3er 3as high voltage and the nature of the spar-s indicated a high fre=uency&
1 do not understand the principle 2y 3hich 5r& Moray produces the electric energy& The condensers and the
coils of 3ire are common& The t3o cylinders called DoscillatorsD and the small conical shell called the
DdetectorD are the only things not commonly -no3n/ 2ut the system 3or-s& 1t produces electric po3er in
a2aundance and does all that 5r& Moray claims for it&
1 do not o3n any stoc- or interest in the company that is promoting this enterprise and my only purpose in
issuing this statement is in the interest of the advancement of science& 1 consider this development a great
advance in the science of producing electrical energy&
6ery truly yours
;Signed< Thomas M& )ates
7H
This letter 3as su2scri2ed and s3orn to 2efore a (otary 0u2lic on the 1Hth day of 5ecemher/ 17,&
1n later R E& devices a 'F 2rush discharged of 1H inches in length 3as sustained and +, A$ of energy
o2tained&
*nother distinguished feature of the Radiant Energy device is the characteristic 3hiteness of the light
glo2es& Regular light glo2es purchased on the open mar-et 3ere used in all of the demonstrations/ yet the light
produced 3as =uite different than that in an ordinary electric circuit&
On Man& +/ 17H Mr& .hester .la3son 3rote the follo3ing& DFor many years 1 3as a producer of independent
motion pictures and in this 3or- necessarily used high>po3ered open>arc lamps& Through my e#posure to these
po3erful lights my optic nerves 3ere affected 2y the ultra>violet rays and ordinary light has al3ays caused me
considera2le discomfort so naturally 1 3as particularly impressed 3ith the fact that in loo-ing at your 2oard of
some thirty>five hundred>3att lamps/ all 2urning at the same time/ the light 3as very much less trou2lesome to
my eyes&
0hotographers have also noticed the different =uality of the light produced 3ith this device& 1n Mune of 17K
Mr& Aeen 0ol-/ a photographer 3hose e#perience covers thirty years during 3hich he had 2een a ne3spaper
photographer@ official photographer of the United States over seas@ and head photographer for the U& S&
government in $ashington/ 5&.& 3rote D1 2egan ta-ing photographs of the Moray Energy machine/ 3hile it
3as 2eing operated/ some si# years ago& The purity of the light has al3ays greatly impressed me& The light
appears to 2e much 3hiter than the light in 2ul2s lit 3ith the ordinary electric current& To my eyes/ it appears
that there is less of the ultra>violet and red rays/ than are contained in the regular light&
1n all of the demonstrations that 1 have photographed/ Moray has used the standard mar-et electric light
glo2es& The light produced 2y this machine is superior to any of the special lights used in my photographic
3or-& On Mune !+& 17K 1 photographed seven& negatives and discovered that dais light is rather difficult to
properly photograph on account of its e#treme 2rightness&
On Muly "/ 17H Mr& $& Earl Lyman of theL Utah 0hoto Material .o& 3rote toy 5r& MorayL 5uring the latter
part of May 17H/ 1 photographed your Radiant Energy Machine May 3as very much impressed 3ith same&
1n my opinion the 2an- of lights photographed 3ere much 2righter than the Ma4da Lights of similar 3or- 1
leave had to do&
1 used a non halation film acid 3as sure 1 could offset the light 3ith a large X7 Super Flash Bul2/ 2ut your
light 2urned into the film much deeper than 1 e#pected&
The pure 3hite light you get should 2e a great help in photography&D
0rocessing the negatives ta-en of the lights of the Radiant Energy device has also presented some unusual
pro2lems not ordinarily found in pictures of this type as is illustrated in the follo3ing three letters to 5r&
MorayL
D5ear SirL
$e 3ish to than- you for the recent 2usiness you have given us/ and hope 3e may have the pleasure of
serving you again&
DFor your information 3e 3ish to state that in all cases 3here negatives included any of your lights 3e
found them to 2e of greater intensity than ordinary illumination& They seem to 2urn into the negative to such a
degree that 3e found it necessary to cut special mas-s to hold 2ac- the immediate area of illumination in order
to o2tain any outline of the glo2es 3hatever& $e found the average negative re=uired a2out ten times the normal
e#posure in the areas 3here lights 3ere used& This is especially interesting as in photographing ordinary lights
3hen shining directly into the lens of the camera the light outline can 2e plainly seen even though the negative
is dense at point of illumination and in the case of your lights the only detail possi2le to o2tain lead to 2e
2rought out through holding 2ac- the dense area as mentioned a2ove&D
6ery truly yours/
The Sun 0hoto Service
Signed 5& R& Silvers
1n a later letter Mr& Silvers again 3ritesL D1n regards to your in=uiry on the change of light values or
negatives changing their properties of value during a period of years/ 3e state that/ to the 2est of our -no3ledge
any changes 3ould have to 2e uniform in over all negative value and the ultimate results in printing 3ould
remain the same&
*t the time 3e printed your latest group of negatives/ 3e understood the photographer used a (o& 7 flash
2ul2 3hich under ordinary circumstances 3ould offset any area of intense light or 2an- of lights other than the
source of the (o& 7 flash 2ul2&
$e found that is not the condition in this case& This source of light seemed to 2urn into the negative to such
an e#tent that 3e lead to shade out the light in order to o2tain a 2ac-ground 3hich the (o& 7 flash 2ul2 should
leave illuminated&
To summari4e/ 3e found that in order to o2tain a 2alance print =uality/ 3e had to mas- out or eliminate this
source of light in order to o2tain any detail in the 2alance of the picture&D
7
D1n March of 1+K Mr& L& E& Remington/ manager of the Shutter Bug in Salt La-e .ity 3rote to 5r& MorayL
1n our 0hoto finishing plant 3e have recently made photographic prints from negatives supplied 2y you&
1ncluded in all of these negatives 3ere 2an-s of lights&
(eedless to say/ producing satisfactory prints from these negatives 3as e#tremely difficult/ due mainly to the
fact that the intensity range on the negative 3as far 2eyond the limitations of the photographic papers& On some
of the negatives the range 3as so e#treme that even 3ith intense D2urning inD 3e 3ere una2le to produce a
print that satisfactorily covered all areas of the negative&
$e noted several interesting characteristics in the negatives of these lights in contrast to normal
incandescent or fluorescent lights& The intensity of these lights appeared greater than normally produced& They
also/ in some cases/ produced a circular halo effect that has not 2een encountered previously& The most
interesting o2servation 3as that/ in spite of the intense density of the negative image of these lights/ there 3as
no complete D2loc-ing upD such as 3ould normally 2e found 3ith other lamps&D
*s has 2een noted/ electric light glo2es ;standard articles 2ought on the open mar-et< 2ehave differently
3hen used 3ith the Moray Radiant Energy device then 3hen used 3ith regular current& The glo2es 2ecome
e#ceedingly hot in one spot a2out the si4e of a dime/ due to the fact that the gas in the glo2es 2ecomes
incandescent under the influence of the very high fre=uency current and 2ecause of the incandescent gas/ the
luminosity is much higher and 3hiter than 3ith ordinary current&
Before 3e leave the =uestion of outside po3er sources/ let us consider one more letter 3ritten 5ec& !!/ 1+H&
DTo $hom 1t May .oncernL
1n the spring of 17H/ 1 3as invited 2y tile Securities .ommissioner of the State of Utah to acompany Mr&
9ull to the La2oratory of 5r& 'enry Moray and inspect the Moray Radiant Energy e=uipment& My father/ Mr& M&
.& Mensen/ an engineer/ 3as also present& 'e has seen many tests made of the Moray e=uipment& This invitation
3as given me 2ecause 1 am an engineer and 2attery e#pert&
*fter seeing the Moray e=uipment light 7, one>hundred>fifty 3att standard light glo2es/ heat a 1,,, 3att
soldering iron and operate a special high fre=uency motor for some time over an hour/ 1 placed my measuring
instruments on the antenna and ground connection& They 3ere electrically dead& They 3ere chec-ed in detail
for hidden 3ires/ there 3ere none& The 2o# in 3hich the e=uipment 3as housed 3as opened 2y commissioner
9ull and myself& Every part of the e=uipment 3as ta-en out of the 2o#/ 3eighed and tested& Tests 3ere made
3ith sensitive volt and amp meters to determine if the 2o# could contain 2atteries or if any of the e=uipment
had any sort of 2attery action in them& They did not&
There 3ere no hidden 3ires and nothing from 3hich any 2attery current or any other po3er could have
2een o2tained other than as claimed 2y the inventor&
The commissioner then re=uested permission to 2ore holes in the 2o# in 3hich the e=uipment lead 2een
housed in order to satisfy himself that everything had 2een ta-en out and there 3ere no hidden compartments&
This 3as done to the complete satisfaction of all present&
1 have 2een as-ed for my comments concerning tests and demonstrations of 5r& MorayDs Radiant Energy
e=uipment/ and the a2ove is a revie3 of the test and demonstration 3hich 1 3itnessed& 1 endorse this e=uipment
as represented 2y 5r& Moray&D
Signed *& B& Mensen/
Salt La-e .ity/ Utah
* letter dated Sept& !"/ 1!H 3ritten 2y *ir& E& 9& Mensen/ relates that on Sept& !+/ 1!H in 5r& MorayGs
La2oratory/ a demonstration 3as given for the 2enefit of 5r& 'arvey Fletcher in 3hich three one>hundred>3att
lights 3ere lit and also a +K+ 3att flat iron 3as heated& *fter the demonstration/ the apparatus 3as dismantled
for 5r& FletcherGs inspection and the various circuits and hoo->ups 3ere e#plained& 5r& Fletcher remar-ed/ D1t
3as a 3onderful demonstration&D
* feature of the demonstration 3as the 2rea-ing of the antenna circuit 3hich caused a 2rush discharge spar-
of a2out nine inches to occur& 5r& Fletcher stated that the current 3as evidently high fre=uency& On the
Thursday preceeding this demonstration/ 5r& Fletcher spent several hours 3ith 5r& Moray 3ho e#plained the
various circuits to him in detail& This conference 3as attested to in a letter dated Sept& !K/ 1!H and signed 2y
Ro2ert L& Mudd& *t this time Mr& Mudd relates that 5r& Fletcher had to return to the Bell Telephone La2oratories
in (e3 )or- and 3ould 2e una2le to ma-e further investigations/ 2ut felt that he could accept any findings of
5r& .arl Eyring& 'e also suggested that one 3ee-ness of the device night 2e the ina2ility to function over a long
period of time and suggested an endurance test&
On Oct& 1,/ 1!H Mr& Ro2ert L& Mudd 3rote a letter to 5r& Fletcher at the Bell Telephone La2oratories in
(e3 )or-& 1n this letter Mr& Mudd recounts the details of an endurance test arranged 3ith Mr& E& 9& Mensen/ 5r&
M& O& 'ayes/ and himself& They set up the machine in a heavy tin covered trun- 3ith a small hole in the top
and another in one end through 3hich the glo2es attached to the machine could 2e o2served& *fter ma-ing
some tests/ the trun- 3as closed and loc-ed and the -ey delivered to 5r& 'ayes& The trun- 3as then sealed in
three different places 3ith the standard freight car seals& The details of each day 3ere recounted/ the principals
involved visiting the la2oratory many times to chec- the device& *fter a 3ee- the trun- 3as opened and the
device carefully tested&
%,
Mr& R& F& 'affenreffer/ Mr&
Fall River/ Massachusetts
5ear Mr 'affenrefferL
1t has 2een some little time since 1 have had anything 3orth 3hile to tell you a2out our electrical mechanism& $e have though ?ust finished a
most interesting demonstration that 1 am sure you 3ill 2e pleased to hear a2out&
)ou 3ill remem2er that 1 told you of our unsuccessful attempt to have an e#amination of the mechanism made 2y 5r& Fletcher of the $estern
Electric .o& of (e3 )or-/ 3hen he 3as here a year ago/ and of our ina2ility to ma-e much head3ay since that time& 1 thin- 1 have told you that
5r& Fletcher is a very close friend of mine 3hom 1 met 3hen 3e 3ere 2oth attending the University of .hicago& *t that time he 3as 3or-ing to get
his doctors degree in physics and 3as assistant to 5r& Milican/ and helped very materially in the demonstration and esta2lishment of the ionic and
electronic theory of matter& * fe3 years after his graduation lie 3as called into the staff of the $estern Electric .O& at (e3 )or-/ 3here lie has
remained up to the present time& 'e has done some very remar-a2le 3or- and for more than a year past has had direct charge of the television& *
couple of 3ee-s ago 1 learned that he 3as paying us another visit and accordingly too- up 3ith Mr& Moray the proposition of his spending some
time on our mechanism 3hile here& 1 -no3 2y reason of your -no3ledge of inventors/ that you 3ill fully appreciate the difficulties encountered in
getting Moray to give 5r& Fletcher a chance to study and investigate his instrument& 'o3ever/ he did give his consent/ and on Thursday a 3ee-
ago Mr& Moray and "r' Eletcher spent the afternoon in a detail study of the drawings demonstrating the circuits involved and the theory upon
which the mechanism is based' 9his was as re&uested by "r' Eletcher' On Tuesday last/ 5r& Fletcher/ myself and Mr& Mensen/ another interested
party 3ent do3n to MorrayGs home& "r' Eletcher was afforded the opportunity of studying the antenna) the ground and their respective
connection with the machine' Moray then demonstrated that there 3as no life in any part of the machine/ and e#plained to the 5octor 3hat he
3as a2out to do& 'e then 2egan his tuning in as you have seen him and in si# minutes from the time of his commencement had sufficient po3er to
light three one hundred 3att lamps& 5r& Fletcher in o2serving the lamps stated that they 3ere 2urning far a2ove normal and that if they 3ere to
continue at that degree of radiancy they 3ould soon 2urn out& $hile o2serving the lights various tests 3ere made such as disconnecting the
antenna and the ground& The lights 3ere then scre3ed out =uic-ly and a five hundred seventy five 3att flat iron attached& This 3as heated to the
Dsi44lingD point in a2out five minutes& *fter ma-ing such o2servations as 3ere necessary to this test/ the 3ire 3as disconnected and the lights
again put on& *fter the lights had 2een 2urning for some little time/ for some reason then un-no3n/ they flic-ered a fe3 minutes and then 3ent
out& The lights on the regular circuit in the house still going on& The glo2es 3ere tested and found to 2e all right& A later e+amination of the parts
of the machine showed that one part of the detector) that piece of mechanism which is not yet 8fool8 proof) had slipped down out of place and
in effect had disconnected that particular circuit' 9his happening pleased "r' Eletcher and was considered by him a valuable part of the
e+periment' After the lights had gone out the mechanism was dismantled part by part and the "octor given a chance to see that the
mechanism was one intrical whole and no other connection than with the antenna and the ground'
'is conclusion 3as 3ithout further time or e=uipment 3ith 3hich to study the circuits/ and the e#tent of them going through different parts of
the machine/ that the energy secured 2y the machine 3as 3hat Mr& Moray contended for it or that Moray secured from his antenna and ground a
force 3hich set up in his tu2es/ the ma-eup of 3hich 3ere e#plained to the 5octor/ some form of 2attery action 3hich resulted in the electric
current generated& 'e stated that if it 3ere the latter ho3ever/ the phenomenon 3as =uit as remar-a2le as contended for 2y Moray/ 2ecause in
accomplishing 3hat they did the tu2es 3ere far more po3erful than anything -no3n to science today&
'is o2servation as to the possi2le 3ea-ness of the thing is it 3as some 2attery reaction in the tu2es 3hich 3ere commenced and -ept alive& 2y
some form of energy from the atmosphere/ 3as that the tu2es 3ould soon 2urn out and that it 3ould 2e necessary to do further 3or- 3ith the tu2es
to give them long life& 1 told him that the tu2es 2uilt t3o years ago last Mune had done services up to the last month 3hen Moray/ through their
lea-ing on account of 3hat he says is his crude 3ay of ma-ing them/ had had to ma-e ne3 ones& 'is ans3er to that 3as that if it is 2attery action
the titles might 2e used for some time then left idle that they 3ould re2uild themselves and thus go on serving as the tu2es mentioned had clone&
'e told its that an e#periment that 3ould 2e very helpful in determining 3hat the energy 3as or the efficiency of the tu2es 3ould 2e to run the
machine ?ust as long as it 3ould go/ then determine 3hat pact =uit first and if it 3ere the tu2es ma-e o2servation as to 3hat happened& 1 didnGt
-no3 ?ust 3hat MorayGs response to that suggestion 3ould 2e/ 2ut yesterday he dropped in to say that he 3as very an#ious to ma-e the test as soon
as possi2le/ and as-ed that 1 assist him in figuring out the proper personnel of a committee/ seal the machine tip in some 3ay after it 3as lighted/
and then ma-e fre=uent o2servations as to its continued operation for the full period of time it 3ould run& 1 e#pect to 3or- out such arrangements
as soon as possi2le&
Erom this demonstration it is established) > should say absolutely) that what we have is something entirely new and very wonderful and
that there is no possibility for doubt on any phase of this proposition' "r' Eletcher left for $ew Dor* by automobile yesterday morning' 5e
told me that following the time that he had to sit down, and thin* out this matter a little) he would write us and try and ma*e some
suggestions for further development'
$ith -indest regards/ 1 am
)ours respectively/
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Original 3as signed &>2y R& L& Mudd/
Aearns Building/ Salt La-e .ity/ Utah
One outstanding e#ample of ho3 a discovery can 2e appropriated 2y others is in the DMoray 6alve&D 5uring /Mune of 1!+/ MorayGs
e#perimentation& in searching for a more sta2le detector for his Radiant Energy 5evice/ 2lended certain su2stances 3hich he had 2rought from
S3eden in 11% and had used in his Radiant Energy 5evice as a valve&
Moray failed in his search at that time/ as far as getting a su2stance for the Radiant Energy detector/ 2ut discovered that 2y ma-ing DpelletsD
of a mi#ture of the Moray Lead/ 3hich 3ithstands heat up to over 1H,,QF/ and using pure germanium mi#ed 3ith 2ismuth/ iron sulphate
tri2oluminescent 4inc/ and certain other impurities including the Moray fission Material/ he o2tained a su2stance that had 3onderful properties as
a detector or valve for radio signals& he made a specially constructed radio spea-er/ altho standard spea-ers also responded& $ith this germanium
com2ination alloy used as a detector/ it 3as found that radios 3ould operate 3ithout 2atteries or tu2es or any other source of po3er than that
o2tained from the radio transmitting station& 'is germanium valve/ 3ith a special radio circuit 3hich he devised and a Special Moray constructed
loud spea-er/ 2rought in radio signals 3hich 3ere loud and clear@ the radio programs could 2e heard all over the 2uilding& 5r& Moray disclosed
this fact to *tty& R& L& Mudd and *tty& *& '& (e2e-er 3itnessed Mr& MuddGs signature on the 1!th day of Octo2er 1!+/ descri2ing ho3 the valve
3as made to *ttorney
Mudd and sho3ing them a dra3ing of the same 3hich they signed in evidence& This valve and more data 3as also e#plained to 5r& .arl Eyring
in the presence of *tty& R L& Mudd/ also in 1!+& This valve 3as fully e#plained to 5r& Murray ,& 'ayes in 1!" and at later dates& 1n Octo2er
1!H this Moray valve 3as e#plained in detail to 5r& 'arvey Fletcher of the Bell La2oratories in the presence of *tty& R& L& Mudd 3ho 3rote a
detailed account of this disclosure& 1n Muly 171/ an application for patent 3as filed in this germanium valve as a detector and oscillator under
serial X++,"!!& DThis valve and radio 3ere e#plained and demonstrated to hundreds of people as late as Mune of 17H& Some of these gentlemen
3ere : .& F& .lauson/ M& .& Mensen/ '& 5& Snyder/ .live 9ardner/ $& Le3is 9ardner/ and many others 3ho attested to these facts and signed
documents&
1n a letter to Mr& $& '& Lovesey descri2ing this valve in action 5r& M& O& 'ayes stated/ D'e connected his detector to a crystal set for
receiving radio/ in place of the crystal/ and o2tained 2etter reception than 3ith the Erla crystal/ though the& antenna 3as merely one of the 2ell
type/ in my home& 'e also too- a lump of lead treated according to the process he has discovered and used it in place of the crystal/ and got
3onderful reception on a radio : loud enough in fact to operate an old fashioned horn spea-er of the type put out 2y R.* a2out 1!7&D
%1
From 17, to 17H 5r& Moray made tests at various times 3ith scores of people present of his special radio& This radio/ on several occasions
received 2roadcasts from Little *merica/ from *dmiral Byrd and his party from the *ntarctic& These 2roadcasts came in loud and clear on
occasions 3hen regular radio 2roadcasting stations reported that interference 3as so severe they could not receive *dmiral ByrdGs 2roadcasts
2ecause of 3eather conditions&
This special RE radio 3ith a 9ermanium alloy valve 3as also demonstrated to Feli# Fra4er of the R E& *& and 2e e#perimented 3ith it during
the months of March/ *pril/ and May of 17&
*s has 2een the case many times/ the original discoverer of some great invention does not get the credit for having first made the discovery&
This fact has 2een repeated in the case of the device no3 -no3n as the transitor& This 3as first used 2y 5r& Moray in Mune of 1!+ under the
name of DMoray 6alveD in many radios constructed and operated for many years& This is strongly documented in many references contained in the
early records of the 3or- of 5r& Moray 2y many 3itnesses&
;See Footnote also cut on patent papers<
E51TORGS (OTE
.ompiled from e#cerpts for the history of the T& 'enry Moray research 3or- on 3hat he designated/ at the time of itGs discovery@ as the Moray
6alve& 5etails have later sho3n this valve to 2e the same as the discovery no3 -no3n as the Transistor&
1t 3as Mune !%/ 1!+/ that T& 'enry Moray discovered that 2y alloying 9ermanium 3ith various su2stances he 3as a2le to ma-e a valve for a
radio receiver capa2le of reception of radio signals of considera2le stregth 3ithout the use of tu2es/ 2atteries or any conventional source of po3er&
This germanium alloyed material he also used successfully in the amplification of radio signals for radios he constructed and used in his home and
the home of his sisterGs family/ 3ith reception loud enough to 2e heard throughout the house& 'e devised a specially constructed loud spea-er
3hich 3or-ed 2etter than the then standard permanent magnet type commercial spea-er&
* schematic dra3ing of this radio hoo-up and the place 3here the germanium DcompoundD valve 3as used 3as sho3n to and descri2ed to
*tty& Ro2t& L& Mudd in the presence of *tty& *& '& (e2e-er and this dra3ing 3as duly verified on the 1!th day of Octo2er/ 1!+& The same dra3ing
3as later signed 2y .& Fred Schade/ May !!/ 171/ and 2y 5r& Murray O& 'ayes/ L& *& Thomsen/ R& M& .hapman/ 5& L& Farns3orth and 5&
Thomsen/ March !1/ 171& On the same day of March/ 171/ the a2ove si# gentlemen 3ere permitted to e#amine a set of si# dra3ings sho3ing
uses of the compound germanium valve and the description of the materials used 3ith the germanium and the method of forming this compound
into pellets and 3hy germanium 3or-s 2est 3hen these DimpuritiesD are introduced in the pellet&
On (ovem2er 1%/ 1!K/ the germanium alloy material 3ith another radio hoo-up 3as su2mitted and s3orn to 2efore R& 'o3ard *llington/ a
notary of Salt La-e&
On Septem2er 1K/ 1!H/ *tty& Mudd 3ho had signed a dra3ing that he had had e#plained to him/ the& Moray germanium valve/ on the 1!th
day of Octo2er/ 1!+/ 3rote a letter in 3hich he stated among other things/ the follo3ing D5r& Fletcher spent the afternoon in a detail study of the
dra3ings ;plural< demonstrating the circuits involved and the theory upon 3hich the mechanism is 2ased& 9his was as re&uested by "r' Eletcher'D
*pplication dated Muly 17/ 171&
This valve is indicated in the circuit sho3n on figures 1/ ! and 7 and 3ill no3 2e descri2ed in detail& The valve may consist of a metal case
17+ to 3hich pieces 17" of 2ismuth may 2e attached/ the attachment 2eing effected 2y fu4ing a portion of the surface of the 2ismuth and applying
it to the case& * piece of iron sulphide may 2e attached to the 2ismuth 2y fu4ing/ the said iron sulphide/ ho3ever/ 2eing insulated from the case 17+
at the point 17H& 1t is also advisa2le to use/ at the points 17H 2et3een 17"/ 17K and 17/ portions of germanium 3hich has some very uni=ue
properties in the functioning of the valve 3hen used as a 2ooster or amplifier& *t 17/ in the form of a rounded stone/ is a small mineral 2ody
containing &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;material 2lan-ed out in this paper for security reasons 2ut can say it descri2es the Moray fission
material< tri2oluminescent 4inc and germanium compressed into a hard/ rounded stone& This rounded stone is delicately supported 2et3een the
pieces of iron sulphide 17K and the upper piece of 2isimuth 17"& The stone 17 has remar-a2le amplifying and rectifying properties/ is also
remar-a2le for the maintainance of a higher temperature than e#ists in its surroundings/ as 3ell as for its radiation of alpha/ 2eta and gamma rays
3hich produce an ionic reaction& 1t is 2y reason of this later property that this stone readily ioni4es gases& 1t 3ill 2e understood/ therefore/ that this
stone may 3ell serve as a valve 3hich allo3s energy 3aves to pass in only one direction at a time/ that is to say/ from the antenna capacitor into
the various circuits or from the circuits into the antenna capacitor 3ithout necessarily changing from '&F& or *&.& to 5&.&
E#tending through the case 17+ 2ut insulated therefrom/ is a metallic pin 1%,/ this pin 2eing connected to the antenna lead>in and carrying a
piece of moly2denite ;moly2denum sulphide or a moly2denum metal com2ination of Moray mi#ture of the germanium alloy<& This later contacts
the stone 17& * 3ire 1%! connects the case of 17+ 3ith the various hoo-ups herein2efore mentioned& *n arm 1%7 e#tends through the case 17+
and furnishes a support for the 3ire 1%! 3hile at the same time it is provided 3ith an upturned portion having a nut 1%% threaded thereon for the
purpose of securing a tight covered sealed plate over the other3ise open mouth of case 17+& This/ 3ith variations and hoo-up sho3n in figure 1,/
as used for the rectification and amplification of radio or other high fre=uency signals 3ithout the application of any outside current other than the
incoming radio or .osmic signal and small pencil si4ed dry cell 2atteries& .ertain hoo-ups re=uire no 2attery cells 3hatsoever&
RSee photostat patent application X++,"11&
The follo3ing is a copy of one of the signed papers on the Moray germanium valve 3hich anticipates the transistor& This tracing cloth
document 3as signed as having 2een read and signed 2y the follo3ing on 5ecem2er 1"/ 17KL A& A& Steffensen/ Mohanna Solmon& .hrist T&
.la3sen/ M& .& Mensen/ '& 9& Snyder/ $& Louis 9ardner/ .live 5& 9ardner/ 3hich reads as follo3sL
DThis and more data 3as originally e#plained to 5r& .arl Eyring of the B&)&U& 3ith *tty& R& L& Mudd present in my home ;Morays< in 1!+& 1t
3as later sho3n to 5r& 'arvey Fletcher of Bell La2oratories in the Fall of 1!H& Later to 5r& Murray O& 'ayes and later this 3as incorporated in
the RE patent application of Muly 17/ 171/ serial num2er ++,/"11 ;dates furnished on re=uest<& The Moray valve and circuits involved sho3n on
the dra33ing 1/ ! and 7 3ere there descri2ed in more detail& The valve used a metal envelope sho3n at X17+ to 3hich 2ismuth 3as attached at
17" 2y fu4ing& 1ron sulphide 3as/ or/ one might say/ may 2e added to the 2ismuth 2y fu4ing& The sulphide 2eing insulated ;from case 17+ at point
17H/ portions of germanium 3ere used at point 17H 2et3een 17"/ 17K and 17& 1t has 2een found that germanium prepared 2y the Moray mi#ture/
3hich 3as e#plained to 5r& 'ayes/ Messrs& .hapman/ Thomson and others enough to esta2lish dates in March/ 3as the same as had 2een
e#plained to 5r& Fletcher in 1!H in complete detail& *ll had 2een s3orn not to descri2e 3hat they sa3/ only to esta2lish dates of data signed& 5r&
Fletcher/ according to *ir& MuddGs 3ool to me/ had/ in the presence of Mudd/ 2een placed under oath at MorayGs re=uest that he/ 5r& Fletcher/ 3ould
-eep sacred 3hat 1 ;Moray< 3as a2out to disclose to him& 1 often refer to a detector tu2e as a valve/ hence this Moray valve& The Drounded stonesD
sho3n in the dra3ing are small 0ellets containing &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;left 2lan- on this copy 2ut not on the tracing for security reasons< and
germanium compressed into hard round pellets& 9ermanium may 2e mi#ed 3ith other materials e#plained to 5r& Fletcher/ 5r& 'ayes and others&
These pellets are supported/ as sho3n in other dra3ings&
These com2inations of materials are used in the various radio hoo-up>/ 3hich receive radio signals in good strength 3ithout conventional
po3er supply& This Moray valve radio has 2een in operation at a home at !+,+ So& +th East& St& as also at !%H%& So& +th Fast St& as e#perimental
research for several years ;1!H>17K<& (o *B. 2atteries or po3er source used& This 3as the radio valve used in the RE po3ered radio 3hich
scores of people heard/ especially in 2ringing in *dmiral Byrd from Little *merica ;in the *narctic<& Moly2denum ;moly2denum/ sulphide or
moly2denum metal germanium com2ination</ 3ording changed some3hat to suit 5r& 'ayesG 3ording as he 3rote the patent application&
1mpure germanium and Moray germanium compound mi#ture has some very uni=ue properties in functioning in the Moray valve& *lso used
valves as 2oosters or amplifiers 3hen several valves 3ere connected in the circuit together as has 2een sho3n& ;0art left out for security reasons<
RSee circuit diagram& For more complete information see other disclosures made after putting named parties under promise to tell no one& They
%!
3ere told all 1 3as doing to esta2lish date of conception of discovery and to maintain as much protection as 1 could 2y esta2lishing these dates&
The tracing is signed T& 'enry Moray and then signed 2y the gentlemen named a2ove/ some on the 1+th day of 5ecem2er 17K/ some on the 1"th
day of 5ecem2er 17K/ as sho3n on the linen tracing cloth dra3ing&
The Moray filesG signed dra3ings/ records and documents& together 3ith scores of 3itnesses 3ho heard the Moray radio operated 2y the
Moray germanium valve/ all prove that Moray discovered and e#perimentally operated the device no3 -no3n as the transistor some t3enty years
prior to the time the Bell La2oratories did so& The records sho3 this discovery 3as disclosed as early as 1!+ to 5r& Eyring 3ho 3as later 3ith the
Bell La2oratories and a cousin of 5r& Fletcher& *lso that in 1!H it 3as sho3n to 5r& 'arvey Fletcher 3ho 3as the head of the division of the Bell
La2oratories 3hich came out 3ith the transitor&
1t is the opinion of the editors that it is certainly strange that t3o employees of Bell La2oratories came out 3ith a germanium mi#ture that
protyped the Moray valve& $e dou2t that the Bell La2oratories -no3 the full story of this discovery as they 2eing an honora2le company 3ould
never have 2een a party to such an unethical action&
;Footnote $ood S $e22er/ 1nc&<
Kpalrsok:
0hotostate patent application X++,"11
The Moray poc-et radio 1 1O! times actual si4e used Moray 9ermanium mi#ture& Moray valve no3
called Transistor
Moray 6alve .ircuits
Official U& S& 9overnment picture ta-en 2y 5r& Fra4er in *pril 17 of the Moray radio using the
special 9ermanium mi#ture valve& $ith special loud spea-er 2y Moray that 3ill 3or- 3ith Moray 6alve&
First discovered in 1!+&
$ood and $e2er
RE0ORT on MOR*) 11*51*(T E(ER9) 5E61.E
On *pril Kth and Hth/ 177/ the 3riter in company 3ith 5r& .& R& Bon4el and Mr& M& M& Murgensen of 9reeley/ .olorado/ visited 5r& T& '&
Moray/ at his la2oratory/ !%H% South Fifth Street East/ Salt La-e .ity/ Utah/ and thoroughly discussed 3ith him the device 3hich 3as the
particular o2?ect of this investigation/ and other devices and products/ of 3hich 5r& Moray is the inventor&
$e also tal-ed 3ith others in Salt La-e/ 3ho are or have 2een connected 3ith Moray in the development of these inventions& $e first met and
tal-ed 3ith Mr& $& '& Lovesay/ 0urchasing *gent of the Utah Refining .o&/ of Salt La-e .ity/ 3ho 2een 2een closely associated 3ith 5r& Moray
in the development of this 3or-/ and 3ho -no3s him intimately&
This is mar-ed as it contains details of construction not deemed 3ise to pu2lish&
1 3as impressed 3ith the apparent honesty of Mr& LovesayGs opinion of the invention/ and that he 3as 3holly convinced of the integrity and
honesty of 5r& Moray& *t this conference Mr& Bringhurst/ a 2usiness man of Salt La-e/ 3as also present& he is secretarytreasurer of the Moray
0roducts .o&
Mr& Lovesay descri2ed to us numerous demonstrations he had 3itnessed of the Radiant Ray apparatus/ as 3ell as other inventions and devices
developed 2y Moray@ and although he made no claim as understanding them/ there 3as no =uestion in his mind as to the honesty of purpose/
integrity and a2ility of 5r& Moray& Some t3o hours 3ere spent in going over various matters connected 3ith the pro?ect/ 3ith Mr& Lovesay/ 3ho
too- the time out of a 2usy day at his o3n affairs to give its all possi2le help in our investigation& The 2alance of the first day and a part of the
second 3as spent 3ith Moray at the la2oratory and in visiting others connected 3ith the pro?ect&
1 found that 5r& Moray 3as e#tremely open and fran- in every 3ay/ and gave us every possi2le opportunity to investigate 3hat 3e came for&
'e is/ in my opinion/ a man of mar-ed a2ility in the line of research and invention/ 2ut needs assistance in developing it into it commercial
2usiness venture& 1 found no evidence of lac- of integrity and honesty& 'e has evidently 3or-ed for many years in the investigations/ and of course
is thoroughly im2ued 3ith the nature and possi2ilities of the particular invention& The investigation convinced me that he has discovered
something a2out the nature of energy 3hich has not 2een -no3n 2efore/ and 3hich is not even no3 understood 2y anyone&
.ertain theories have 2een advanced 2y him/ and other scientists/ to e#plain the phenomenon/ 2ut all that can 2e said a2out it is that certain
results have 2een o2tained that indicate unlimited possi2ilities for development along these lines/ in the 3ay of production of energy for all light/
heat and po3er purposes&
1 am thoroughly convinced that the device is not a hoa#/ or a fa-e/ and that the results are not the results of induction from esta2lished po3er
sources or 2atteries@ 2ut 1 do not pretend to understand the real nature of the source& This is something/ that in my opinion/ can only 2e determined
2y future research&
The device is not especially complicated/ nor is it
9his is mas*ed as it contains details of construction deemed unwise to publish'
1 tal-ed 3ith a num2er of reputa2le people 3ho 3itnessed numerous demonstrations/ and e#amined signed and s3orn>to letters/ descri2ing
the demonstrations& From all of this/ and from the conferences 3ith Moray/ 1 am fully convinced that there is no hoa# or fraud a2out the device&
The commercial development at this time apparently hinges upon the construction of a vacuum tu2e especially invented for this purpose/ 3hich
3ill eliminate
as*ed) not for public information as it contains construction information
a tu2e/ an 3hich application has 2een made for a patent& 'e thin-s it 3ise not to divulge the details until applications can 2e made for patents
in foreign countries/ and until sufficient capital is availa2le to esta2lish la2oratory facilities/ 3hen the tu2es can 2e perfected&
My conclusions are as follo3sL
1 : 1t is not a hoa# or fraud in any sense&
! : 5r& Moray has discovered a ne3 principle in electrical energy that has not heretofore 2een -no3n&
7 : That the nature of the energy is not fully -no3n/ 2ut that MorayGs theory of the 3orld 2eing surrounded 2y a sea of oscillating energy is
as satisfactory as any&
% : That energy that can 2e utili4ed for light/ heat and po3er has and can 2e produced from the surrounding space 2y devices 3hich Moray
has developed/ 2ut 3hich need perfecting&
+ : 1t 3ould seem that any amount can 2e developed& That in effect 3e are surrounded 2y an unlimited reservoir of energy that can and some
day 3ill 2e utili4ed&
" : That to demonstrate the commercial feasi2ility of the pro?ect/ e=uipment and funds must 2e made availa2le/ under competent 2usiness
administration&
%7
K : The results o2tained so far indicate that such research underta-en in the proper spirit and under proper conditions/ 3ill result in the
development of an unlimited source of energy that 3ill revolutioni4e our 3hole industrial and economic life&
1n addition to the radiant energy discoveries/ Moray has developed other devices and products that should have 3idespread commercial value/
if properly e#ploited& *mong them is a simple radio device using neither tu2es or 2attery/ that can 2e manufactured ine#pensively and 3idely
mar-eted& $hether it is patenta2le or not remains to 2e seen/ as no application has 2een made/ 2ut even 3ith a very limited patent protection
should have 3idespread commercial value&
1 feel that if Moray is given the proper opportunity/ under competent and sympathetic management/ he 3ill produce revolutionary results in
many lines of research&
Respectfully su2mitted/
FR*(AL1( 0& G'OO5
For $ood S $e2er/ 1nc&
*pril 1!/ 177
Kpalrs:
Official U& S& 9overnment picture ta-en 2y 5r& Fra4er in *pril 17 of the Moray radio using the special
9ermanium mi#& ture valve& $ith special loud spea-er 2y Moray that 3ill 3or- 3ith Moray 6alve& First
discovered in 1!+&
Rossz minsg fotkpia szvege:
MOR*) S.1E(T1F1. L*BOR*TOR1ES
5r& T& '& Moray
!%H% South +th East Street&
S*LT L*AE .1T)/ UT*'
Septem2er 1+/ 171&
To the .ommissioner of 0atents
5epartment of .ommerce
United States 0atent Office
$ashington/ 5&.&
5ear SirL
1/ Thomas 'enry Moray/ a citisen of the United States/ and 0resident of the Moray 0roducts .ompany/ to
3hom the follo3ing patent 3as assignedL
X++,/"11 Radiant Energy 5evice Filed tiny 17/ 171
here2y revo-e the po3er of attorney given to EnZv1E/ EnZv!/ Aar-an S Sutton/ *ttorneys/ K,, > 1,th Street/
$ashington/ 5& .&/ and until further advice/ it is the desire that all communications and correspondence in
connection 3ith this patent shall 2e directed to the Moray 0roducts .ompany at !%H! South +th East Street/
Salt ta-e .ity/ Utah&
Respectfully/
MOR*) 0RO5U.T .OM0*()
*ccepted
SE0 1K 17!
1n a letter s3orn to 2efore a notary pu2lic on Oct& !/ 1!H and 3ritten Oct& 1,/ 1!H/ 5r& Murray O& 'ayes
statesL
To $hom 1t May .oncernL
Belo3 is a report of my o2servation of the Moray cosmic energy device&
The aerial used is a2out t3o hundred feet long and is a2out eighty feet a2ove the ground/ the 3ire is a
copper ca2le appro#imately a fourth inch in diameter/ and 3ell insulated& The ground is the 3ater pipe in tile
2asement of 5r& MorayGs home&
The device 3as assem2led in a trun- through the sides of 3hich 3ere holes for the connections to ground
and to the antenna and for o2servation@ the said holes 3ere a2out one>half inch in diameter& There 3ere t3o
2o#es a2out tell 2y t3enty 2y four inches/ one on top of the other@ 2oth 3ere closed and the covers fastened 3ith
scre3s& On the upper 2o# 3as lying an insulated panel a2out an inch thic- 2y fifteen inches long and three
inches 3ide@ it is of slate or hard ru22er or some material of similar appearance& On this 3ere t3o 2inding posts
that 3ere connecti2le 2y means of a small s3itch@ also mounted on this panel is a 2ody a2out t3o and one>half
inches s=uare/ 3rapped in friction tape/ front 3hich protrude t3o poles a2out one>fourth inch in diameter/
apparently of soft iron& * dou2le receptacle for light glo2es 3as connected in the circuit/ in one of 3hich 3as a
t3enty 3att glo2e/ and in the other a hundred 3att glo2e&
%%
E& 9& Mensen/ R& L& Mudd/ and 1 3ere present and e#amined tile trun- to see if there 3ere any connections
other than the antenna and the ground/ 2ut found none& The small s3itch a2ove mentioned 3as thro3n several
times/ 2ut 3ithout result@ the connections to ground antenna 3ere also removed/ also 3ithout result&
5r& Moray then too- a magnet/ 3hich 3as a very 2road/ short limped U/ and 2egan to stro-e one hole of it
in the polls in the taped 2ody@ M& Mensen placed his fingers on the 2inding posts several times/ and at last
received a rather vigorous shoc-@ 5r& Moray then thre3 the s3itch and the glo2es lighted& $hen the s3itch 3as
opened the lights 3ent off and came on again 3hen the s3itch 3as closed& Removing either the ground or the
antenna connection caused the lights to go out/ 2ut they came on again as soon as the connection 3as re>
esta2lished& The time of e#citation 3as ten minutes/ and the lights came on at KL+ a&m&/ Octo2er first&
The trun- 3as then closed and sealed 3ith railroad car seals/ and the num2ers on the seals 3ere recorded 2y
Mr& Mensen& Each morning and night up to the morning of Oct& %/ 1 inspected the seals and o2served that the
lights 3ere 2urning& *2out 1,L7, on this date the detector 3as ?arred out of ad?ustment 2y the felling of a heavy
tree ne#t to the house&
The evening of the same day Mr& Moray removed the detector in the presence of Mr& Mensen and me and in
t3enty minutes had it read?usted and reassem2led ready to start& *s soon as Mr& Mudd arrived the stro-ing 2egan
and the lights came on in a2out ten minutes& The trun- 3as again sealed as 2efore&
The device continued in operation until the morning of Oct& H/ and the trun- 3as opened in the presence of
the three 3itnesses a2ove mentioned after a run of eighty>four hours& The hundred 3att lamp 3as removed and
a standard +K+ 'otpoint electric iron 3as plugged into its place@ the iron 3as heated as =uic-ly as though on
the usual house circuit& 5uring this test a si#ty 3att glo2e 3as put in the place of the t3enty/ so that the total
3attage 3as "7+&
The antenna and ground connections 3ere then removed until no current 3as delivered 3hen the s3itch
3as closed/ and five 1,, 3att glo2es 3ere su2stituted for the iron/ ma-ing a total po3er output of +", 3atts&
The lamps appeared to 2e as 2right as 3hen on the house circuit& 1t re=uired four minutes of e#citation to get it
in operation again&
*fter again 2eing disconnected until it ceased to operate it re=uired 2ut one minute of e#citation to 2ring in
the current&
$hile the test 3as in progress every test that could 2e thought of 3as applied to ma-e sure that there 3ere
no hidden connections to the house circuit or to a 2attery@ the house lights 3ere turned on and then all main
s3itches pulled/ 3hich turned off the house lights 2ut did not in the least affect those in the test& *fter the run
had terminated the trun- and ta2le 3ere e#amined for 3ires/ 2ut none 3ere found e#cept those to the antenna
and to the ground&
*s a further proof that the conversion of the energy 3as due to the mechanism in the 2o#/ 5r& Moray hit the
ta2le on 3hich the trun- 3as standing/ a moderate 2lo3 3ith a hammer 3hereupon the light flic-ered and 3ent
off/ due to the detector 2eing sha-en out of ad?ustment&
1t is to 2e noted that after a total run of 1+H hours the device supplied "7+ 3atts@ inasmuch as a horsepo3er
is 2ut K%&" 3atts this e=uals ,&HKH of a horsepo3er or slightly more than KOH horsepo3er& This alone is sufficient
to dispose of any suggestion of a 2attery&
1n 3itness to the a2ove 1 hereunto sign my nameD
Signed/ Murray O& 'ayes
5uly verified and notari4ed&
5uring the early morning hours of Septem2er 7/ 1!"/ 5r& Moray first successfully operated his sound detector device& *fter months of 3or-
in his la2oratory/ he 3as a2le to Dpic- upD conversation and music from thousands of feet a3ay from his la2oratory 3ithout instrument or 3ire
connections to the point from 3hich the conversations originated& Several days later the pu2lic 3as invited to listen to conversations originating in
houses and from streets 3hich 3ere a considera2le distance from the instrument in the la2oratory&
1n Octo2er 1! a scientist from Russia/ a 5r& *& *& )a-alov come to the Moray la2oratory and 3itnessed tests of the Moray Radiant Energy
e=uipment as 3ell as listening to conversation 2rought in 2y the Moray Sound 0ic-up 5evice 3hich 3as going on some five miles from the
Moray la2oratory i&e& in the 5enver and Rio 9rand R& R& Station/ Salt La-e .ity&
By 17" the Sound 5etector 5evice had 2een improved to 3here it 3ould operate radio loud spea-ers& Up until this time only radio head
phones had 2een used& The signals 3ere 2rought in loud and clear& * test of this e=uipment 3as given to a 9eneral Shin-le of the $ar 5epartment
and an accompanying .aptain of the U& S& *rmy in 5ecem2er of 17"& These army gentlemen/ 3ith a2out eight civilians 3itnessed these
e#periments& The general said he 3as very much impressed and as-ed ho3 the Sound 0ic-up E=uipment might 2e o2tained for the U& S&
government& 5r& Moray told the general he 3ould give it to the government free of charge/ the only re=uirement 2eing that the government give
the device the Moray name& The general said he 3ould report to his superiors& 1t 3as later reported to 5r& Moray and others 2y a U& S&
.ongressman that an official report had 2een filed in $ashington/ 2ut that the government had not accepted the offer& This report 3as made 2y U&
S& Representative .ongressman Thomas *mlie&
(o3 for the =uestion of induction&
*s 3as suggested 2y 5r& 'arvey Fletcher/ 5r& .arl Eyring/ 3ho 3as head of the department of physics of
Brigham )oung University/ sa3 a demonstration of the Moray device& 1n a statement dated Sept& K/ 1! Ro2ert
L& Mudd relates that a demonstration 3as given to 5r& Eyring in Octo2er of 1!+& $e =uoteL
5r& Eyring 3as permitted to ris- any =uestions he 3ished and after spending over an hour 3ith the device in
operation/ he said that he could not find any fault 3ills 3hat he sa3@ that the current 3as not o2tained from
2atteries or hidden 3ires so that his oily conclusion 3as Dinduction/D 2ut that such induction 3as 3onderful and
unheard of 2efore over such distance&D
%+
5r& Eyring said that if the device 3ould operate five miles from all po3er lines/ he 3ould 2e satisfied that it
3as not induction&
* demonstration 3as given in Emigration .anyon/ there 2eing no po3er lines in the canyon at that time/ in
the presence of Mr& Mudd/ Mr& O& $& *dams/ and a Mr& (e2ac-er of the Mudd la3 firm& * site 3as ar2itrarily
selected 2y Messers *dams/ Mudd and (e2ac-er& Mr& *dams and Mr& (e2ac-er erected the ground and antenna&
* single one>hundred 3att lamp 3as lit for a period of one hour&
Some days later 5r& Eyring/ 3ho had not 2een present at this demonstration/ met these men at 5r& MorayGs
la2oratory& $e =uote from Mr& MuddGs account of that meeting& D$e spent the morning going over all the theory
and hoo->ups and e#amined the device and the 5r& as-ed =uestions continually& 'e made several dra3ings and
s-etches& 5r& Eyring congratulated 5r& Moray on 3hat he termed as a 3onderful 3or- and said that 3hat he
had seen and heard 3as electrically/ mathematically and scientifically sound and corrected&
* statement dated 5ecem2er 1! =uoted 2elo3 3as 3ritten 2y 5r& Eyring in leis o3n hand3riting&
DThis discovery 3ith its processes/ mechanisms/ and devices deals 3ith and ena2les man to use the so called
cosmic energy/ acts energy radiated from the universe to operate any of the mechanical& electrical/ magnetic/ or
optical devices for the utili4ation of energy or po3er&
D.osmic energy as the term is here used/ is energy 3hich e#ists in the space surrounding the earth and
3hich lave or may have/ its source in the natural processes and movements of the earth/ in the earth itself/ and
includes its atmosphere and component parts or elements on celestial 2odies& These cosmic rays are continually
2om2arding the earth&
R

To further disprove the induction theory concerning the Moray device/ let us consider another test&
On Octo2er !/ 1!" 5r& Moray/ *tty& R& L& Mudd/ and Mr& E& 9& Mensen loaded the e=uipment into Mr&
MensenGs car and drove up 5aniels .anyon into the Stra32erry 6alley& Mr& Mensen gives a very detailed
description of the 3eather/ the location/ ho3 the apparatus 3as set up and the su2se=uent successful
demonstration& The speedometer of the car verified that they 3ere fifty>t3o miles from the closest po3er line
3hen the test 3as made&
1n Muly of 1+, Mr& E& 9& Mensen verified all of the statements made in his letter of 1!" concerning the
Stra32erry test and another letter dated Octo2er 1!H telling of the 2efore mentioned endurance test&
(o3 let us consider the fourth o2?ection made in 1!+ to 1%+ to the Radiant Energy device on the 2asis
that there is no such source of po3er& The discoveries of recent years ma-e this claim loo- increasingly out of
line& 'o3ever it might 2e interesting to e#amine a letter 3ritten 2y 5r& Moray and 3itnessed as correct 2y a
prominent Salt La-e attorney 3ho 3as present during the conversation referred to and from 3hich 3e =uote in
part&
The engineer 3ho came here 3as a Mr& 0earson employed 2y a Mr& McAee/ a high official in the north>3est
for the Electric Bond and Share of (e3 )or-& Mr& 5avis said Mr& 0earson did not 2elieve in the Radiant Energy
5evice/ not 2ecause of any fault he could point out of any evidence of anything 2eing 3rong or evidence of
fa-e/ 2ut on the grounds that he did not 2elieve there 3as such an energy to 2e had& That the device acted
contrary to all -no3n electrical la3s on the incoming or primary side@ 2ut 3or-ed standard electrical devices on
the output on the secondary side& 'e proved no standard meter 3ould give a true reading of the incoming
current@ that a milli>volt meter gave a lesser voltage reading than the reading on the five volt scale or in other
3ords the greater reading 3as had on the meter re=uiring +,,, times as much voltage to operate it& 'e made
tests 3ith 2atteries and other methods to chec- the meter and proved it to 2e in perfect operation and correct
3hen used 3ith other currents& Mr& 0earson tested the tu2es and said they 3ere OA and that he 3as satisfied
they 3ere all Moray claimed them to 2e and perhaps even greater 3orth and value than Moray might reali4e& 1n
spite of this ac-no3ledgment a2out the tu2es and his OA of them he 3ould not accept the Radiant Energy
5evice/ although the tu2es are the heart of the Radiant Energy 5evice/ and Moray pointed out to Mr& 5avis/ the
real invention is in the tu2es&
Moray 3as very much pleased 3ith everything/ all and all/ and as Moray told Mr& 5avis/ Mr& 0earson really
OAGd the 3hole thing& Being of the frame of mind that there is no natural source of electrical 3ave energy to
3hich Moray could tune his device/ he 3ould not accept the Radiant Energy 5evice as lighting the lights/ 2ut
he accepted the tu2es as they operated on this same Radiant Energy& They operated the radio and produced
music 3hich he ac-no3ledged the 2est he had ever heard/ the purest and 2est radio music ever produced& Being
so pre?udiced against there 2eing such a source of current/ it 3ould 2e impossi2le for him to accept the device
or the demonstration/ or 3ith an open mind understand 3hat he 3as seeing& )et in that opposed frame of mind
he had to ac-no3ledge that the current on the primary side acted as an outla3 current doing things 3hich/ from
the standpoint of -no3n la3s are unreasona2le and contrary to electrical la3& This he should have reasoned/
proved the results he sa3 3ere not and could not 2e o2tained from any -no3n source of electrical current or it
3ould have o2eyed these la3s& 'is o2?ection that on the primary side it 3as an outla3 current 3hile on the
R
1t 3ill 2e noted that 5r& Eyring attri2utes the energy to induction or to .osmic Rays& 5r& Fletcher to 2attery
action -ept alive 2y energy from the universe and yet 5r& Fletcher pronounced the current high fre=uency&
0lease note/ 2attery action is al3ays direct current and never high fre=uency current so it could not 2e 2attery
action&
%"
secondary side it 3as a2le to operate -no3n electrical devices/ is very satisfactory 2ecause this only goes to
sho3 that it can 2e controlled 3hen the proper methods are used&
Saying that the tu2es are of great value and OA is the same thing as ac-no3ledgment that the Radiant
Energy 5evice is OA 2ecause as Moray said/ the tu2es are the heart of the Radiant Energy 5evice&
1n 171/ 5r& M& O& 'ayes 3rote a2out a 5r& 9unn/ a civilian scientist of the (aval Research la2oratory 3ho
had proved that the earth is generating !,,/,,,/,,, amperes of electrical current&
There are hundreds of letters on record of e#perimental tests made 2y the Radiant Energy 5evice 3ritten 2y
those 3ho 3itnessed these tests& These 3ere made for the purpose of esta2lishing the scientific soundess of the
theory upon 3hich the device operated& The purpose 2eing to ena2le the inventor to progress to3ard the
perfecting of his invention 2y testing the 3or-a2ility and soundness of his various ideas/ changes/ and additions
made to the component parts of the invention&
* partial record of these letters 3as compiled front the original documents 2y a U& S& government
investigator 5r& Feli# Fra4er and the original 3as signed 2y him&
Before 3e leave the account of demonstration/ let us consider ?ust a fe3 more letters concerning them&
On Manuary 1,/ 17H Mr& 9eorge R& 0yper 3rote a letter from 3hich 3e =uote in partL
DTo $hom 1t May .oncertiL
1 have 3or-ed in electricity all my life/ 3as 3ith the Utah 0o3er and Light .ompany for thirteen years and
3or-ed in all departments including su2>stations& 1 have 2een 3ith the Aearns .orporation over seventeen
years@ and leave charge of all the electrical 3or- for the Tri2une and Telegram 0u2lishing .ompany and in the
Aearns and Tri2une Buildings&
On 5ecem2er !7/ 17K/ 1 3itnessed a demonstration at 5r& MorayGs home at !%H%/ So& Fifth East of his
electrical marvel 2o#& 'e let me see inside this 2o# and there 3as a transformer '& F&/ some of his cold tu2es/
and some condensers& 5r& Moray connected this 2o# to an aerial and ground 3ire and lighted a2out thirty small
1!,>volt lamps& 'e then disconnected the ground 3ire from the outside and t3o of us held a counter poise
antenna attached to glass insulators in the room and 3hen he connected the 2o# to this counter poise antenna 1
sa3 the same results&
5uring this demonstration and 3hile the lamp and appliances 3ere on 1 shorted the aerial and ground
3ires& There 3as no spar-/ it ?ust turned off the po3er from the 2o#& 1 then too- hold of 2oth these 3ires& There
3as no feeling and they 3ere 2oth cold&D
Mr& 0yper continues 3ith a further description of the demonstration and then concludes&
D1 am satisfied myself from my e#perience in electricity that there 3as no fa-e of any -ind or concealed
2atteries& Everything 3as in the open so 1 could see every operation&D
Let us no3 consider a portion of a letter 3ritten in Octo2er of 17, 2y Mr& $& '& $elling/ then Secretary of
State of the State of Utah& Mr& $elling descri2ed the device and the demonstration and told ho3 he and Mr&
9a#iola/ the Me#ican .onsul tuned in the system as the inventor had done/ closed the s3itch and 2rought in
the full volume of lights& 'e continues/ D1n order to ma-e sure that the lights connected 3ith the house circuit
3ere entirely separate from the lights produced through the Radiant Energy machine/ repeated test 3ere made
of disconnecting the entire house circuit in 3hich event the house meter did not register at all& *n electric iron
3as then connected 3ith the house circuit 3hich of course produced the ordinary reaction in the house meter&
*fter the demonstration had 2een completed/ the inventor raised the t3o 2o#es from the 3or- 2ench on 3hich
they 3ere located/ sho3ing that there 3as a2solutely no connection 2y 3ires from 2elo3 or from any place/ save
to the aerial and the ground 3ire&
*t the conclusion of the demonstration/ Moray dropped a stone 3eighing t3o or three pounds a2out t3o feet
onto the 3or- 2ench& The ?ar caused the lights to flic-er a moment and go out& This simple demonstration itself
seemed to sho3 conclusively that the po3er derived 3as dependent 3holly upon the machine and in no 3ay
upon the house circuit&
1n a report of the Moray Radiant Energy 5evice/ dated *pril of 177/ Mr& Fran-lin 0& $ood of $ood and
$e2er/ 1nc& Engineers later of the U& S& government 3rote in partL
DThe 2alance of the first day and a part of the second 3as spent 3ith Moray at the la2oratory and in visiting
others connected 3ith the pro?ect&
1 found that 5r& Moray 3as e#tremely open and fran- in every 3ay/ and gave us every possi2le opportunity
to investigate 3hat 3e came for& 'e is/ in my opinion/ a man of mar-ed a2ility in the line of research and
invention/ 2ut needs assistance in developing it into a commercial 2usiness venture& 1 found no evidence of lac-
of integrity and honesty& 'e has evidently 3or-ed for many years in the investigation/ and of course is
thoroughly im2ued 3ith the nature and possi2ilities of the particular invention& The investigation convinced me
that he has discovered something a2out the nature of energy 3hich has not 2een -no3n 2efore/ and 3hich is not
even no3 understood 2y anyone&
.ertain theories have 2een advanced 2y him/ and other scientists/ to e#plain the phenomenon/ 2ut all that
can 2e said a2out it is that certain results have 2een o2tained that indicate unlimited possi2ilities for
development along these lines/ in the 3ay of production of energy for all light/ heat/ and po3er purposes&
%K
1 am thoroughly convinced that the device is not a hoa#/ or a fa-e/ and that the results are not the results of
induction from esta2lished po3er sources or 2atteries@ 2ut 1 do not pretend to understand the real nature of the
source& This is something that in my opinion/ can only 2e determined 2y future research&D
(o3 let us consider a letter 3ritten 2y 5r& Murray O& 'ayes to Mr& $& '& Lovesy on Octo2er !%/ 1!L
D5ear Mr& Lovesy
0ursuant to my promise to you at our recent discussion/ 1 am 3riting to ma-e of record the e#tent of my
ac=uaintance 3ith the construction and operating principles of the Moray device for utili4ing cosmic energy&
)ou are already a3are that 1 have seen many demonstrations of 3hat this mechanism 3ill do/ and that 1
have seen the parts of 3hich it is 2uilt& Recently Mr& Moray has sho3n to me the 3iring diagram of the
assem2ly/ and 1 am free to say that 1 can find no inconsistancies in it/ nor anything 3hich does not appear to 2e
logical and sound& $hile the hoo->up appears to 2e very complicated/ 3hen loo-ing at the machine/ it is in
reality very simple in essence/ and 2ased on recogni4ed la3s of electricity/ 3hen all is e#plained& There are
many features 3hich appear to 2e incidental/ 2ut they are in reality of 2asic importance&
'e has also sho3n to me and e#plained the detector 3hich 2e uses& 1n this he has applied a fundamental
principle of electric circuits 3hich/ 1 2elieve/ 3ould not 2e noticed unless pointed out 2y him& This element of
his device also/ as a2ove mentioned in respect to the circuits/ has numerous features 3hich appear incidental
2ut are the heart of the matter and of first importance&
1 3as recently present 3hen an electrical engineer representing a foreign government 3as given a
demonstration of the energy machine& 'e at first said that amplification of radio 3aves accounted for 3hat he
sa3/ although it 3ould 2e a real achievement to amplify such 3aves sufficiently to light si# one hundred 3att
lights at one time/ and also to heat a flat iron of the standard five hundred seventy five 3att type@ 3hen he had
seen the inside of the device he admitted that it could not have 2een 3hat he had supposed& 'e remar-ed many
times D1t is very interesting&D
This machine has 2een operated in my presence so many times/ under so many different conditions of
3eather and of season that 1 am positively convinced that it is 3hat its inventor claims it to 2e/ and that its
commercial adapation is feasi2le& 1 2elieve that Mr& Moray has e#plained all to me 3ithout reservation/ and 1
am sure that this is a revolutionary and epoch ma-ing invention&D
Sincerely yours/
Murray O& 'ayes
On an attached sheet dated Oct& !+/ 1! to Mr& Lovesy/ 5r& 'ayes lists his education record and
=ualifications as follo3sL D*& B& 3ith ma?or in physics under 5r& 'arvey Fletcher@ M& S& including graduate
courses in physics and mathematics@ 0h&5& in geology& Five years in e#amining corps/ U& S& 0atent office&
*cting head of department of physics/ Brigham )oung University/ 1!!>!7/ vice .arl F& Eyring/ 3as finishing
3or- for doctorate& To ta-e 2ar e#amination soon&
1t is very interesting to go through these original letters and records of demonstrations and read the detailed
accounts of ho3 thoroughly MorayGs Radiant Energy device 3as demonstrated/ e#amined/ and actually ta-en
apart& 1t is even more interesting to read recent letters 2y men 3ho sa3 these early demonstrations& Some of
them stand steadfastly 2y their original statements/ recounting 3ith surprising accuracy 3hat they sa3& 1t is
very pu44ling to read letters from others 3ho sa3 so much 2ut have had no direct contact for many years& D1
have no 3ay of deciding 3hether or not the invention is genuine/ simply 2ecause he ;Moray< refuses to let
anyone see it or 2uild one li-e it/D is the 3ay one o2server put it& Others follo3 along this same line of thought&
$hat could they possi2ly say if confronted 2y their t3o letters 3ritten thirty to thirty five years apart& 'ave they
forgotten ho3 much they sa3/ or has their memory 2een tric-ed 2y steady outside pressuresE
The Moray energy e=uipment has 2een thoroughly investigated and tested& 1t has 2een e#perimented 3ith
under all -inds of physical and 3eather conditions& 1t has 2een tested many miles from all po3er lines 2efore
capa2le and disinterested electrical men and distinguished scientists from all parts of the 3orld 3ho could find
no ans3er other than that advanced 2y the discoverer&
The discovery of the natural principles and la3s through 3hich energy has 2een captured and made part of
the great discovery has 2een 2rought a2out 2y years of intensive 3or- 3ith this one please of energy in mind&
1t should 2e ?ust as easy to/ accept the fact that a receiving set or electrical device has 2een constructed for
the purpose of receiving the energy/ 3aves from the universe as it is to accept a radio receiving set that receives
Daudio 3avesD transformed from electrical impulses as the radio does& One transposes electrical 3aves to
mechanical 3hile the other transposes energy 3aves into light/ heat and po3er& The facts involved are the same
in 2oth the radio receiving set and this device& The radio receiving set receives man transmitted energy 3aves
out of the air and transposes them into Daudio 3aves/D the Radiant Energy 5evice receives oscillations from the
universe and transposes them into electrical energy& *s in the reception the circuit radio 3aves/ so in the case of
the Moray device@ the circuit is a tuned arrange ment to respond to the particular 3ave fre=uency DoscillationsD
3hich it is desired to intercept& * DvalveD used to prevent the return of the energy to the outer circuit and force
it to go trough the/ po3er application circuit is a part of the invention&
The discovery reached the point 3here continued e#perimental demonstration produced no valued results as
to proof of the device and each ne3 e#periment 3as 2ecoming a rehashing of 3ell documented facts& 5r& Moray
%H
has e#hausted all suggested tests/ all are on record and all are conclusive& 5r& Moray made so many
e#perimental demonstrations and so many disclosures during the early years of Radiant Encrgy that he found
he 3as putting his discovery into a position of ?eopardy under the patent situation and the U& S& patent la3 of
pu2lic use/ Section %HH"& This situation has lead to the present strict attitude 5r& Moray has had to ta-e on
demonstration of the Radiant Energy 5evice& 'e must 2e very careful in the perfection of the Radiant Energy
discoveries not to invo-e pu2lic use& 'e 3ill not ?eopardi4e those 3ho are interested in Radiant Energy 2y
giving demonstrations 3hich 3ould cause them and him to loose their o3nership&
Sometimes it is very difficult for an inventor to secure patent protection/ particularly if the discovery is
controversial in any respect 3hich Radiant Energy is& Most people thin- that getting a patent is a straight
for3ard thing 2ut the red tape connected 3ith such a procedure in a ne3 and 2asic discovery is almost
un2elievea2le to one not familiar 3ith the process& * patent application can drag on to the point 3here it is very
difficult to finance and an inventor has to put a great deal of trust and responsi2ility upon the patent attorney
handling the case& The complete mis>handling of the original patent application during the days of the Moray
0roducts .ompany has ta-en years to straighten out&
To add upon all of the other difficulties involved/ the patent office contested many of the points of the
Radiant Energy application even though 5r& Murray O& 'ayes 3rote to 5r& Moray on *ugust K/ 17K from
$ashington/ 5&.& that he had e#amined every patent issued on devices for the reception of radiant energy& Most
3ere o2viously dissimilar and not a one sho3s even the remotest resem2lance to the Radiant Energy machine&
'e also reported there 3ere no patents li-e the oscillator tu2es& 'ere are 2ut t3o of the o2?ections of the patent
office& D.laims re?ected as 2eing dra3n to an apparently inoperative device& 1t is thought it 3ill not produce a
sensi2le current 2ecause the cathodes are not heated to a point 3here they 3ill emit an apprecia2le num2er of
electronsD ;such an o2?ection is no3 o2solete&< *nd still anotherL D(o natural source of electricity 3ave energy
is -no3n to the e#aminer and proof of the e#istence of such is re=uested&D ;This statement too is no3 o2solete&<
*nother pro2lem 3as 2rought to light in a letter from a Mr& Mohn )& Smith to 5r& Murray 'ayes& $e =uoteL
DOne of the parties interested formerly held a confidential position 3ith the 9eneral Electric .o& and later 3ith
the $estinghouse .ompany& 'e nearly too- my 2reath ;Mr& SmithGs< 3hen 1 told him regarding MorayGs fears
that the proposition might 2e stolen from the patent office& 'e said it 3ill ?ust as sure as you sent it there& That
the U& S& patent office is Dhoney com2edD 3ith employes of the 9eneral Electric/ 9eneral Motors/ and other
large companies& 9hat he had helped steal valua2le data from the patent office at the re=uest of the a2ove
companies& 'e said you 3ere cra4y if you sent a description of the device to $ashington 2efore you had plenty
of money to follo3 through and influence enough to prevent a theft& So 1 confess after hearing him that 1 3as in
error scoffing at the fears of Moray&D
1n a court test/ 3hether the use of an invention is Dpu2lic useD 3hich 3ill act as a 2ar to securing a valid
patent/ or 3hether a particular use of the invention is merely an De#perimental useD is a =uestion of fact to 2e
determined in each case 2y each individual ?udge& 1t is difficult to dra3 a sharp line 2et3een pu2lic and
e#perimental uses& (o one can venture a guess as to the attitude the courts 3ill ta-e on the =uestion of pu2lic
use& 5r& Moray 3ill not thro3 Radiant Energy on the mercy of the courts& Ford 'arris Mr& of the Los *ngeles
firm of 'arris/ Aeith/ Foster/ and 'arris cites a present trend to3ard stricter and narro3er interpretation of
patent la3s& 1t seems reasona2ly certain that they 3ill not 2ecome any more li2eral in interpretation during the
ne#t fe3 years&
1t 3ould 2e impossi2le to revie3 in a paper such as this/ all of the legal aspects and fine points 3hich
determine pu2lic usage of an invention& 1nstead let us consider ?ust t3o opinions& 0atent attorney *l3ine of
$ashington/ 5&.& 3roteL DUp to the time/ and prior to the time you actually have on file all U& S& and foreign
patent applications 3hich it is desired to file/ and sufficient technical data to complete patent applications to
o2tain full coverage/ any demonstrations 3hich are not e#perimental could endanger and cause you to lose all
your patent rights to your invention : see Sec& %HH" U& S& patent la3&D
1n 17 3hen 5r& Moray 3as connected 3ith the R& E& *&/ the *ttorney 9eneral of the U& S& fully supported
his vie3s on demonstrations and the patent la3& 5r& Moray must ta-e a firm stand for the protection of future
investors& There can 2e no more demonstrations until Radiant Energy is in the patent office 3ith an allo3a2le
application&
Some scientific men have vigorously protested that 5r& Moray should ma-e full disclosures of the principles
connected 3ith Radiant Energy to scientific men/ pu2lish full disclosures/ and allo3 others to 2uild full
3or-ing models& Ordinarily in the case of ne3 scientific theories this is the procedure& 1n these cases the theory
often came years 2efore the development of a practical application& But here 3e have a uni=ue situation& $e
have an application developed along 3ith the theory& $e have an application 3hich must 2e -ept under
responsi2le control& 1n the 3ords of Fran-lin 0& $ood/ a United States R& E& *& Engineer/ D1f it is all he ;Moray<
thin-s it is/ ;it< 3ill more profoundly affect the human race than any other discovery in previous history&D
T3o of the more sensational efforts to put Radiant Energy 2efore the pu2lic have 2een 3ith a company
-no3n as the Moray 0roducts .o&/ 3hich 3as formed in 171/ and an association 3ith the Rural Electrification
*dministration 17>1%1&
1n 171 the Moray 0roducts .ompany 3as formed in (evada as a stoc- company to finance the
development of the Moray inventions& 5& 6& Farns3orth 3as 0resident/ .& Fred Schade 3as 6ice>president/ and
Murray O& 'ayes 3as Secretary treasurer& These men 3illfully and fraudulently deceived the court in stating
%
their position and po3er in the company& 5r& Moray gave these men his trust and confidence/ particularly 5r&
Murray O& 'ayes& *s had 2een seen in a previous letter/ 5r& 'ayes admitted that he had MorayGs confidence and
full disclosures& 1t 3as not long after the company 3as formed that 5r& Moray discovered that it 3as 2eing used
to further the du2ious purposes of Messrs& Schade/ Farns3orth/ and 'ayes& 1n 17! Moray instigated court
action and tried to save the company& 1n the 3ords of Mr& Mohn Belford/ a (evada attorney connected 3ith the
case/ DThe 3hole thing 3as an e#ample of shiltiness and 2ad faith on the part of officials of the company&D
There have 2een men 3ho 3or-ed their 3ay into MorayGs confidence& Mr& Murray 'ayes 3as one of these 3ho defrauded Moray 2y missuse
of a companyGs finances 3hich had 2een organi4ed to for3ard MorayGs invention& The 0u2lic *uditorGs report/ in our files/ on these dealings/ states
in partL D$ith regard to the item of [!/,+"&,,/ Murray O& 'ayes too- chec- X1K for [+"&,,/ chec- X7, for [1,,&,, and P1/,,&,, cash& There is
on file a statement signed 2y Mr& 'ayes listing e#penditures of [1/H"K/H, 2ut no supporting invoices to cover the e#penditures& There is a minute
order setting aside [!,,,&,, for patent e#penses&D The record sho3s all that can 2e accounted for in patent e#penditures is [11,&H,& Should 1 go
into detail this picture 3ould 2ecome even 3orse& Remem2er/ Moray is the one 3ho 2rought these matters to .ourt action in an effort to save the
company&
*uditorGs report further states DOf the total e#penditures on company account of cash and chec-s amounting to [K/+!1&!,/ 3e could definitely
support 2y cancelled chec- [7/!K!&+,& For the [7,,,&,, chec- issued *ug& !1/ 171/ there is no statement on file as to ho3 this money 3as
spent&D $e could go on and on/ 2ut Moray at last could ta-e it no longer and he too- the matter to court& Murray O& 'ayes and others 3ere
removed 2y .ourt *ction 2ut the company had had itGs funds depleted& 'o3ever/ Moray 3or-ed for five years for nothing trying to save the
company 2ut the damage done 3as too great& The Mudgment and 5ecree readL D1t is here2y Ordered/ *d?udged and 5ecreed That 5& 6&
Farns3orth/ .& Fred Schade and Murray O& 'ayes 2e and they are here2y removed as directors/D etc& *nd further D1t is further ordered/ ad?udged
and decreed That petitioner shall have and recover his cost of suit&D Moray did not get one this/ these men had depleted the treasury& Remem2er the
date of this .ourt order/ Mune 11/ 17!&
D5ear SirL
This 3ill ac-no3ledge receipt of your letter of Mune th/ and also your letter of Mune !Hth 3hich Mudge Bro3n ans3ered& 1 have ?ust gotten
2ac- from .hicago and 3ent over to see Ro3sen today&
*s stated to you in my letter of Mune th/ Ro3sen informed me that a meeting of the directors had 2een held and that the num2er of directors
had 2een increased to seven& Since this 3as done 3hile these men 3ere directors/ 1 sa3 no 3ay of attac-ing its validity& 'o3ever/ he today
informed me that 3hat he said 3as that they had 2een considering increasing the 2oard& This is not at all my understanding of our conversation/
and if the facts are as he states them 1 can see no reason 3hy 1 should have agreed 3ith him to permit them representation on the ne3 2oard& *s
Mudge Bro3n 3rote you/ E& '& 'ursh has 2een appointed a director&
1n vie3 of our understanding/ it appears to me that the only thing Ro3sen can decently do is to resign/ 2ut this he refuses to do& 'e as-ed me
to delay any action until he could ta-e up the matter 3ith Farns3orth/ Schade and 'ayes/ t3o of 3hom are in the east& 1 informed him that 1
intended to institute proceedings immediately/ and if he could arrange matters in the meantime all 3ell and good& 1 am e#ceedingly chagrined that
matters have ta-en the course 3hich they have/ and am determined to force the matter to as speedy a conclusion as possi2le&
1 am preparing and 3ill file a motion to modify the decree herein2efore entered/ removing 'ursh and su2stituting one of Morays nomineers&
The motion 3ill 2e 2ased on the ground of fraud and deceit/ reciting the fact that Farns3orth/ Schade/ 'ayes and 'ursh at all times -ne3 that
there 3ere four directors instead of three/ and 3ilfully and fraudulently deceived the court& 1t is my personal opinion that Mudge .urler 3ill not
loo- -indly upon these men playing duc-s and dra-es 3ith his court&
1 3as sorry not to see you in Salt La-e/ 2ut 3as in a hurry 2oth going and coming&
$ith -ind personal regards/ 1 remainD
6ery truly your/
;Signed< Mohn S& Belford
Some years age Moray sa3 and handled one such incomplete set of unissued patent application papers in the hands of Lionel .orn3ell 3hich
3ere let out to these 3ho had no right to have such papers 2y the a2ove mentioned Farns3orth and 'ayes& This 3as a 2reach of the ethical code
all patent attorneys o2serve& ;5r& 'ayes 3as the patent attorney<& 5etails/ ho3ever/ 3ere missing in these papers 2y art oversight no dou2t/ for as
5r& 'ayes/ 2efore he made patent application/ one time 3rote D'e/ ;Moray< has also sho3n to me and e#plained the detector 3hich he uses& 1n this
he has applied a fundamental principle of electricity 3hich 1 2elieve 3ould not 2e noticed unless pointed out 2y him& This element of his device/
also as a2ove mentioned in respect to the circuits/ has numerous features 3hich appear incidental 2ut are the heart of the matter and of first
importance&D
So the fact these papers got out of the application 5r& 'ayes had prepared/ did not do R& E& too much harm 2ut the intent to harm is evident 2y
such actions&
(o3 -eeping the date Mune 11/ 17! still in mind/ after these men 3ere removed 2y .ourt order/ 3e read from a s3orn statement made 2y
*ir& Farns3orth and 5r& 'ayes 2efore the United States 0atent OfficeL
D$herefore your 0etitioner ;Murray O& 'ayes and 5& 6& Farns3orth ;signing this statement under oath< prays that the said Moray 2e
e#cluded from access to said application@ that he 2e given no information concerning it and that no action ta-en in respect thereto 2y said T& '&
Moray 2e recogni4ed or sanctioned 2y the patent office&D This s3orn statement made to the U& S& 0atent Office/ is slated D1Hth day of Muly/ 17!&D
Made under oath it is signed in 2ehalf of the Moray 0roduct .o& 2y 5& 6& Farns3orth as its president and Murray O& 'ayes as its secretary&
Remem2er they 3ere removed 2y .ourt Order dated Mune 11/ 17! and so recorded& 1s this not per?ury 3hen they had 2een removed 2y .ourt
Order &Mune 11/ 17!E (aturally 3hen the/ patent office learned the facts/ this 3rong 3as righted and Moray had his rights restored&
*gain 3e read from a letter 3ritten 2y Murray O& 'ayes under date of March !1/ 17!/ from $ashington/ 5&.&/ The 0atent situation on the
Moray inventions is very good&D DG 5o not tell Moray 3hat 1 have& told you/ as 3e are trying to get hint to do certain things 2ut he pro2a2ly 3ill
not if he learns that things are going 3ell here&D
Reading again from a letter dated Muly 1+/ 171/ signed 2y 5r& Murray O& 'ayes DThere is a man 3or-ing 3here 1 do ;U& S& (avy 0atent
5ivision< 3ho says he ma-es more from his private patent practice than his salary ;from the (avy&< D'e does it through an associate/ 2ut 3e
intend to have an associate anyho3/ so that is OA 2y us &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1 3ill 2e right on the ?o2 loo-ing after our stuff&D *nother =uote
from a 'ayes letter D1 spent most of a day searching on the radiant energy device and the oscillation tu2es 2ut did not find anything even remotely
resem2ling either one&D DAeep me posted on developments there and 1 3ill do the same from this end for you&DG
Murray O& 'ayes testified on the 3itness stand in Reno/ (evada/ that he and those associated 3ith him had
endeavored to put together a machine descri2ed 2y the patent papers and had failed& * pu2lic auditorGs report
sho3ed a clear misuse of company finances& There 3ere discrepancies on money set aside for certain purposes
and the amount used& The e#penditures 3ere listed 2ut not supporting invoices to cover them& For a [7/,,,&,,
chec- issued *ug& !1/ 171/ there 3as no statement on file as to ho3 the money 3as spent& The story gets 3orse
+,
3ith the telling : meetings of stoc-holders 3ere not called as in accord 3ith (evada la3/ and stoc- certificates
3ere not properly issued&
On Mune 11/ 17! Schade/ Farns3orth/ and 'ayes 3ere removed as directors of the company 2y court order&
1t 3as further decreed that 5r& Moray should recover his cost of suit/ 2ut the treasury 3as depleted&
E51TORGS FOOT(OTE :
1t is a source of ama4ement to the editors of this article that the principles of the Moray 0roducts .o& 3ere allo3ed to 3al- a3ay& The three
;Farns3orth/ Schade/ and 'ayes< 3ith their partner in 3hat they 3ere doing/ Mr& 'arsh seemed to he on the outside of the La3& )et as far as 3e
can tell none 3ere ever charged 2y either the courts or stoc-holders of the company& On top of this 'ayes 3as allo3ed to practice patent la3 after
it 3as proven in court that he had used the confidences of 5r& Moray and given this information to others& 1t 3as also ignored that these three
gentlemen purged themself in the U& S& patent office and 'ayes 3as still allo3ed to practice patent la3&
$hen one -no3s 5r& Moray as 1 -no3 him you can understand 3hy& even if it is not good 2usiness on todayGs standards@ he 3ishes no one
evil and after going in de2t to save the Moray 0roduct .o& he himself 3ould not sign the charges& The cost of the fight 3as 2orne 2y him alone and
he 3as sic- of the sound of it 2y the time it 3as done&
The fact that Moray 3as not responsi2le is a matter of all records/ still he tried for another five years to save
the company/ 2ut the damage 3as too great&
1n Muly of 17!/ more than a month after having 2een removed from office 2y court order/ 5& 6& Farns3orth
and 5r& Murray O& 'ayes/ in a s3orn affidavit to the U& S& patent office as the legal officers of the Moray
0roducts .ompany/ tried to have Moray e#cluded from all records pertaining to his o3n invention& The patent
office reversed this e#clusion 3hen legal proof 3as furnished as to the true situation&
Fortunately 5r& 'ayes must have missed some of these details 3hich had 2een pointed out to him/ as he and
his associates failed in their purpose to reproduce Radiant Energy&
'ere 3ere men 3ho deli2erately misrepresented their true purpose until they thought they could ta-e over
completely& (o 3onder 5r& Moray is cautious a2out letting himself and Radiant Energy 2e put in a position of
?eopardy again&
$hen all legal action turned against these men/ their attac-s against 5r& Moray 2ecame of a personal
nature& 0erhaps 3e are not as far from the ?ungle as 3e 3ould li-e to thin-&
(o3 let us consider the Rural Electrification *dministration and its dealings 3ith 5r& Moray& *t the
invitation of the government/ in the summer of 17H/ 5r& Moray made a trip to $ashington/ 5&.& *nother trip
3as made early in the year of 17& $e =uote from a letter 3ritten 2y 5r& Moray to Mr& Mohn M& .armody/ then
administrator for the R& E& *& in $ashington/ dated March 1K/ 17& 5ear Mr& .armodyL D1 3ish to e#press my
deep appreciation of the many courtesies sho3n to me 2y you and mem2ers of your staff during my recent trip
to $ashington&
1 have no3 reported to my 3estern associates/ and have consulted 3ith them concerning the proposal set
forth in your letter dated Fe2rury !+/ as clarified 2y your letter dated March 7&
They are all e#tremely gratified 2y the interest 3hich you have sho3n/ and 2y the manifestation of your
desire to help in the great 3or- of preparing radiant energy for actual distri2ution to the people&
(evertheless/ as they analy4e your proposal/ it appears to accomplish little more than thisL 1t gives me a fe3
months 3or- in merely repeating 3hat 1 have already done 2efore/ and it gives me the opportunity to su2mit my
radiant energy device to an e#haustive test 2y your staff 2ut not the funds to do so/ and it gives me the
assistance of your recommendation to the 5epartment of Mustice that all necessary patents 2e issued&
My associates are fearful that your recommendation in regard to the patent 3ould still leave much 3or- to
2e done/ and much money to 2e spent/ 3hich 3e do not have 2efore the patent situation is in proper order& *lso/
they are not yet fully satisfied that the contemplated demonstration 3ould not constitute a Dpu2lic use/D and that
your 3hole proposal 3ould not constitute a DsaleD 3ithin the meaning of the present la3& They are not yet
prepared to ta-e the step of a2andoning our rights to patent protection/ and the situation is sufficienly comple#
that they hesitate to 2ind ourselves to ma-e a Dpu2lic useD or DsaleD 3ithin the immediate future&
1n other 3ords/ although they greatly appreciate the helpful spirit sho3n 2y your proposal/ they are fearful
that it still leaves the great 2ul- of our pro2lems unsolved/ and that our acceptance of the proposal at this time
might seriously em2arrass some course of action 3hich 3ould give promise of putting us much further along
the 3ay&D
'o3ever/ after many more assurances of good faith and assistance in technical advice and help from the
?ustice department in securing proper patent coverage/ 5r& Moray decided to go along 3ith the R& E& *& in the
hope that here 3as a 2ig enough source to help give radiant energy to the 3orld in a safe and proper manner&
The agreement 3ith the R& E& *& 3as along the lines that they 3ould furnish legal help in securing a proper
patent and technical help in the form of advisors and the loan of scientific instruments/ these instruments to 2e
returned to the government if the agreement should come to an end& 5r& Moray 3as put on the payroll of the R&
E& *& as a consulting engineer at [!+&,, per diem& 1n return 5r& Moray 3as to ma-e all possi2le efforts to 2ring
radiant energy to a commercial level& Other financial 2ac-ing 3as also promised 2y those 3ho contacted the R&
E& *& This never materiali4ed&
5r& Moray 2uilt a ne3 t3enty room la2oratory 3ith a loan from private parties 3ho interested the R& E& *&
3hich 3as all repaid 3ith interest& Su2se=uently many of the 2ills incurred in the 2uilding of the la2oratory
3ere unpaid and it fell upon 5r& Moray to meet them& *s stated after the agreement 3ith R& E& *& came to an
end 2ecause certain parties among them insisted Moray turn matters over to include Russia/ 5r& Moray paid for
+1
the la2oratory out of his o3n resources& 1t too- until 1% for Moray to rid himself of the de2t that this episode
cost him& (ot one red cent of R& E& *& money 3ent into 2uilding the Moray La2oratory&
1t is not even suggested that MorayGs differences of political vie3s e#tended to all the R& E& *& officials in
$ashington as a 3hole or to& the administrators& ho3ever/ it 3as not long 2efore 5r& Moray 2egan to have
dou2ts a2out some of his government associates& $e =uote from an account given 2y 5r& Moray& *s early as
Fe2ruary 17 D1 2egan to fear/ from personal contact/ that $ashington had more radicals in it than 1 had the
slightest idea of and it 3orried me& 1 e#pressed my fears to some of my associates in Salt La-e .ity upon my
return from $ashington in Fe2ruary 17 and later so informed a 5r& Fra4er 3hom the R& E& *& had called in
as a scientific e#pert to consult 3ith me on my 3or- and as my 2ody guard&
1n ans3er to my letter e#pressing my fears that 1 lead gotten Radiant Energy mi#ed tip 3ith li2erals and
radicals 3hich 1 could not go along 3ith/ 5r& Fra4er 3rote me on March !K/ 17/ DThe only thing M& M& should
not say or 3rite is anything in connection 3ith a threat& $hen he does that he is very 3rong and should 2e told
so/ and in fact 1 have told him so upon many occasions& 1 reali4e that so>called DradicalsD are feared out 3est/
2ut the term is not feared here in the east e#cept 2y a fe3 reactionaries&D So it 3as 1 seemed to 2e surrounded
3ith radicals/ li2erals and 3hat have you and their tal-s of Dtheir daring plansD and Dthis man is one of us and
that man is not&D
*gain 3e =uote from 5r& MorayGs notes& D5r& Fra4er came to Salt La-e .ity and 2egan investigatitig Moray
and Radiant Energy& The follo3ing copied from my notes made in *pril and May 17L 1n *pril/ 17/ a
department of the United States 9overnment on its o3n initiative/ sent a gentleman to Salt La-e .ity 3ho had
2een introduced to me as 5r& Fra4er& 1 3as told he 3as an electricl e#pert& This gentleman 3as in the Moray
La2oratory for a2out a total of t3o months spending many hours each day ma-ing tests and ta-ing pictures of
the Moray Radiant Energy discoveries/ especially the Radiant Energy po3ered radio/ using the Moray
germanium fission valve and gathering information for 3ritten reports to his superiors in $ashington/ 5&.&
*fter a2out t3o 3ee-s he said it 3as necessary he go to Los *ngeles/ .alif& and it 3as their desire that 1 also go
to .alifornia&D
1n .alifornia further conferences 3ere held@ Moray returned to Utah in a2out a 3ee- and 5r& Fra4er came
2ac- in May of 17 3hen he again continued tests and e#periments& *fter 3ee-s of these tests he said D1 have
tested and tested until 1 am fully satisfied and feel there are no tests left to ma-e ;he 3as also getting advice and
suggestions as to tests from t3o scientists at .olum2ia University in (e3 )or-<& 'e also stated as long as 1 lave
the device 1 3ill 3ant to run tests/ so 1 3ish you 3ould destroy the damn thing so 1 cannot as- for more tests&D
D5r& Fra4er returned to .alifornia and 1 3as again re=uested to follo3 him& *ll these trips 3ere paid for 2y
the U& S& government& $hile in .alifornia 1 mentioned the DMensenD test 3here the R& E& current had 2een
passed through a sheet of 1O%D plate glass and the device operated 3ith no hinderance to the flo3 of current
even 3hen passed through the plate glass&
5r& Fra4er said if he could use the DglassD test that 3ould 2e all anyone in the government could ever as-
for& 1t 3as arranged that he ma-e the glass test& The only re=uirement 1 made 3as that the government should
furnish the glass for these tests so it could not 2e said 1 had DdoctoredD the glass& T3elve sheets of 3indo3 glass
3ere used and the current passed through this glass and the device operated as if the glass had not 2een in
series in the circuit& 5r& Fra4er said Dthat is enough/ 3e 3ill never as- for another test&D 'e gave me several
copies of pictures he had ta-en of the Radiant Energy 5evice used to po3er the R& E& radio& 5r& Fra4er gra22ed
a hammer and smashed the R& E& device/ 2efore 1 could stop him saying D(o3 1 cannot as- for any more tests&D
*t one time/ ?ust 2efore 5r& Fra4er left Salt La-e to go to Los *ngeles/ after s3earing him to secrecy 1
sho3ed my confidence in him 2y disclosing details of three of the Radiant Energy tu2es to such an e#tent 1
permitted him to ma-e detailed dra3ings of these tu2es for patent purposes& *s 1 3rote then D1 thin- that spea-s
for itself as 1 have only permitted one other scientific man to ever get that far into details of the construction
during my entire 3or- 3ith this research&D
1n *pril of 1%, 5r& Moray 3roteL DOne former high government official in 3riting me/ trying to convert us
to doing 3hat Feli#/ $oods/ and others from the RE* 3anted us to do : disregard all patent protection and
patent la3s/ said DT3o years ago 1 made the statement that 5emocracy had pro2a2ly less than five years to run
in Europe and that the process of disintegration there 3as pro2a2ly not more than five years further advanced
than here&D
1n other 3ords *merica 3ould/ in five years or so/ 2e controlled 2y their so called Dli2eralsD ;to me
communists< L therefore 1 should have no hope of my/ 3or- succeeding e#cept 3ith them& 1 need put no
confidence in the protection of the la3s of the country as they have 2een&
1 3as told 1 lead 2etter do as 1 3as told so 1 could stay in the government employ 2ecause in a little 3hile
everyone 3ould 2e 3or-ing for the government&
They also 2rought representatives from Russia to tal- 3ith me and turned certain papers 1 had loaned the
RE* over to these men&
1 later 3roteL D1 3ish 1 could have someone come here from our government 3ho 2elieves in the strength of
our la3s/ 3ho 2elieves that the government that $ashington and Lincoln stood for is not going to perish front
the earth@ someone 3ho 2elieves in the continued strength and protection of our United States la3s/ including
the patent la3s/ and 3ith faith in the preservation of the principles of the spirit of GK"@ someone 3ho 3ill not
+!
have a pet ho22y of/ to =uote/ DOur daring planD and 3ho does not live for Dthe e#pected change in our national
structure&D
On Tuesday morning/ 5ecem2er !/ 1%1/ on page ! of tile Salt La-e Tri2une/ one play read comments made
2y Rep& Thomas 5& $hiter on the RE* that made me feel 1 had made no mista-es 3ith tile RE*& $ashington
5ec& 1& ; *0< Representative Thomas 5& $inter ;R< Aansas/ Monday demanded an investigation of tile rural
electrification administration/ 3hich he asserted 3as Do2structing national defense as surely as a paid sa2oteur&D
DThe true friends of farce electrification/D he said in the house/ Dmay as 3ell face that fact/ may as 3ell
reali4e/ that this federal agency has fallen into the hands of a gang of communists/ fello3 travelers and political
second story 3or-ers 3ho do not hesitate to sa2otage the national defense program in the interests of
preservation of their political theories and perpetuation of their payroll&D
*gain 3e =uote 5r& Moray& D1 3as constantly 2eing sent to .alifornia 2y the RE* for many reasons
including the investigation of spiritual seances/ the RE* paying for these trips& $ith all there 3as to do/
including recovering from a serious 2ullet 3ound/ ;5r& Moray 3as shot 3hile in his la2oratory on March !/
1%,< and 3ith all their trying to convert me to 2eing Done of them/D together 3ith the 2uilding of a ne3 !,
room la2oratory ;paid for 2y Moray not the RE*</ there 3as little time in these short months to accomplish
3hat one 3ould li-e to accomplish in the 3or- 3ith R& E& Then too/ ho3 far 3ould any scientific research of
this magnitude 2e getting on [!+&,, per day plus the loan of a fe3 scientific instruments&D
*fter Moray 3as shot/ things 3ent from 2ad to 3orse& 5r& Moray 3ould not 2e threatened into giving
Radiant Energy to men 3hose motives he had every reason to =uestion&
The association 3as ended in Fe2ruary of 1%1 3hen the scientific e=uipment loaned to 5r& Moray 3as
returned to the government&
On Octo2er 1"/ 1+" 5r& Ro2ert .raig/ a former deputy administrator for the RE*/ 3ho did not follo3
those referred to 2y Rep& $inter and left the RE*/ 3rote that the development of Radiant Energy has 2een a
slo3/ la2orious tas-/ one of the greatest difficulties 2eing that Moray has stood all alone& 0eople 3ho should
have 2een interested 3ere more concerned 3ith immediate returns than 3ith the important long range returns&
(aturally during such a long period/ many =uestions arise as to protection rights/ interests/ etc&
*gain on (ov& 1%th/ 1+ 5r& .raig 3rote/ and 3e =uote/ D0ermit me to say that 1 have -no3n 5r& Moray
no3 for a2out !, years and have o2served him single>handedly trying to get acceptance of some of his ideas
and discoveries/ particularly in the area of Dradiant energy&D Many of the no3>accepted areas in atomic and
nuclear physics 3ere outlined 2y 5r& Moray as early as the middle 7,Gs&
*t one time or another 1 have endeavored to help him 2y 2ringing his 3or- to the attention of people in the
government 3ithout any great success& #f course) no longer do they dispute the basis of his wor*' 'o3ever/ to
2ring pure research to successful commercial application involves time and money/ particularly the latter& $hile
3e can spend millions for missiles that are a2ortive and no one seems to mind/ a fe3 hundred thousand dollars
availa2le to this man 3ould o2viate/ 1 2elieve/ much of the need for missiles& Of course/ this is my o3n idea in
the matter 2ut 1 do 2elieve a helping hand no3 to 5r& Moray could do more to3ards solving 3orld tension than
the mere 2uilding of 2igger and 2igger armaments to protect us from the Dhave>nots&D
D1 can assure you from my personal -no3ledge of 5r& Moray that here is a uni=ue mind and an a2ility 3hich
3ould 2e 3orth3hile developing&D
There are hundreds of letters of record of e#perimental tests made of the Radiant Energy device 3ritten 2y those 3ho 3itnessed these tests&
These 3ere made for the sole purpose to esta2lish the scientific soundness of the theory upon 3hich the device operates& The purpose 2eing to
ena2le the inventor to progress to3ards the perfecting of his invention 2y testing the 3or-a2ility and soundness of his various ideas/ changes and
additions made to the component parts of the invention&
1n the follo3ing pages are a fe3 of these letters ta-en at random and not edited along 3ith a fe3 photographs of the e#periments&
$ashington/ 5&.&
Octo2er 1"/ 1+"
5ear SirL
1n reference to your letter of Octo2er 1! regarding 5r& 'enry T& Moray of Salt La-e .ity/ Utah/ 1 3ould li-e to say that 1 have -no3n 5r&
Moray no3 for a2out si#teen years& 5uring that time he has spent his o3n money upon research in the development of radiant energy and various
other high fre=uency pro?ects&
One of the difficulties that 5r& Moray has faced that 1 -no3 of to my o3n -no3ledge is inade=uate financing to 2ring to complete fruition
some of his discoveries& Unfortunately/ people 3ho should 2e interested have seemed to 2e more concerned 3ith the returns they 3ould
immediately get than the development of discoveries 3hich 3ould 2e of immense 2enefit to all concerned and upon their logical development
repay many times over the investment needed to 2ring these discoveries from the la2oratory stage to commercial application&
Because of the difficulties of the past in finding 3holehearted contri2ution& 5r& Moray has stood all alone/ earning from other researches and
from la2oratory ?o2 3or- sufficient funds to provide for his needs and advance the ma?or program of his interest& (aturally this is a slo3 and
la2orious tas- and of course many =uestions arise during this period as to protection of rights/ interests/ etc& 1 -no3 this/ that generous support
3ithout strings attached 3hich 3ould 2e prohi2itive 3ould have the result of real achievement in the field of high fre=uency&
Sincerely yours/
ROBERT B& .R*19
On March 1"/ 1!/ 1 3itnessed a demonstration of the apparatus invented 2y 5r& T& '& Moray 2y 3hich he produces electrical energy& *
report of that visit has already >2een made&
On 5ecem2er 17/ 17,/ 1 3itnessed a second demonstration of the same set@ only slight changes in the apparatus 3ere noted although a great
improvement 3as made in the performance& The condensers/ coils and other parts noted at the previous test 3ere no3 in one small 2o# a2out
1,D#1,D#7,D& To start the set operating instead of stro-ing 3ith the magnet/ as formerly/ no3/ t3o discs : one hard ru22er/ the other of iron :
+7
3ere ru22ed together and produced an electric charge& The electric charge/ on 2eing discharged onto the act started the set operating and once it is
operating/ it 3ill continue to charge itself&
The lamp rac- 3hich formerly held " 1,,>3att lamps is no3 displaced 2y a larger rac- 3hich holds 7! +,>3att lamps/ 7 1,,>3att lamps and
a receptacle to receive an e#tension plug and cord& On the other end of this cord 3as a +K+>3att electric iron& 5uring this test& all of the electric
lamps 3ere lighted at one time and 3ere more 2rilliant than other lights in the room 3hich 3ere supplied from the house circuit& $hen the lights
3ere oil 2right : the electric iron 3as plugged in& There 3as no noticea2le 2lin-ing or sudden diminuation of lights as is usual in house lighting
systems 3hen an electric iron 3as on& The lights 3ere as 2right is 2efore the iron 3as cut in& The iron heated =uite rapidly slid in a2out ! 1O!
minutestes 3as hot enough to 2e used for ironing&
1 made a thorough and careful e#amination of the entire system to see if it 3ere possi2le for the electricity to have 2een introduced on the
system from some other source& Every part of the system 3as inspected : the antenna/ the lead>in 3ire/ the s3itch@ the s3itch 3as removed and
e#amined@ the leads from the s3itch to the 2o# containing the condensers and coils@ the 2o# itself 3as lifted and e#amined@ the lead>/ from the 2o#
to the/ lamp rac-@ the lamp rac- 3as lifted and e#amined and the ground 3ire from the s3itch to the 3ater pipe on 3hich it 3as grounded@ not an
inch of space 3as overloo-ed 3here it 3ould 2e possi2le& to introduce any metal that 3ould carry the po3er and 1 am prepared to say that no such
connection e#isted from 3hich po3er could 2e had from any other system&
* crystal radio set 3as cut in on the lead>in 3ire from the antenna on one side and to the ground 3ire on the other side and perfect reception
3as had& 1f there had 2een po3er from other sources on the antenna or lead>in/ 2y connecting the radio set to the ground 3ire/ reception 3ould not
have 2een possi2le 2ut a loud& humming sound 3ould 2e produced& This 3as demonstrated 2y connecting the radio set to the house lighting
system& $hen the system 3as 3or-ing/ the lights 3ere 2urning 2right& The terminal attached to the antenna 3as disconnected& * vigorous arcing
ocurred and the spar-s ?umped over all air gap as much as si# inches& This 3ould indicate that the po3er 3as high voltage and the nature of the
spar-s indicated a high fre=uency&
1 do not understand the principle 2y 3hich 5r& Moray produces the electric energy& The condensers and the coils of 3ire are common& The t3o
cylinders called DoscillatorsD and the small conical shell called the DdetectorD are the only filings not commonly -no3n/ 2ut the system 3or-s& 1t
produces electric po3er in a2undance and does all that 5r& Moray claims for it&
1 do not o3n any stoc- or interest in the company that is promoting this enterprice and my only purpose in issuing this statement is in the
interest of the advancement of science& 1 consider this development a great advance in the science of producing electrical energy&
6ery truly yours/
1n 3itness to the a2ove 1 hereunto sign my name&
T'OM*S M& )*TES/ E&E&/ ME&
ST*TE OF UT*'
.OU(T) OF S*LT L*AE
Thos& M& )ates/ 2eing first duly s3orn/ deposes and saysL That he has read the foregoing statement and ac-no3ledges that he 3rote and signed
the same as a2ove set up&
;Seal<
T'OM*S M& )*TES
Su2scri2ed and s3orn to 2efore me this 1Hth day of 5ecem2er 17, R& M& .hipman&
(otary 0u2lic : residing at Salt La-e .ity/ Utah&
My commission e#pires May K/ 17%&
$ashington/ 5&.&
(ovem2er 1%/ 1+H
5ear Mr& *ndersonL
)our letter 3ith reference to 5r& T& 'enry Moray came during my a2sence from the city so 1 have 2een delayed in ans3ering it&
0ermit me to say that 1 have -no3n 5r& Moray no3 for a2out !, years and have o2served him single>handedly trying to get acceptance of
some of his ideas and discoveries/ particularly in the area of Dradiant energy&D Many of the no3>accepted areas in atomic and nuclear physics 3ere
outlined 2y 5r& Moray as early as the middle 7,Gs&
*t one time or another 1 have endeavored to help him 2y 2ringing his 3or- to the attention of people in the 9overnment 2ut 3ithout any great
success& #f course) no longer do they dispute the 2asis of his wor*' 5o3ever/ to 2ring pure research to successful commercial application
involves time and money/ particularly the latter& $hile 3e can spend millions for missiles that are a2ortive and no one seems to mind/ a fe3
hundred thousand dollars availa2le to this man 3ould o2viate/ 1 2elieve/ much of the need for missiles& Of course/ this is my o3n idea in the
matter 2ut 1 do 2elieve a helping hand no3 to 5r& Moray could do more to3ards solving 3orld tension than the mere 2uilding of 2igger and 2igger
armaments to protect us from the Dhave>nots&D
1 can assure you from my personal -no3ledge of 5r& Moray that here is a uni=ue mind and an a2ility 3hich 3ould 2e 3orth3hile developing&
Sincerely/
ROBERT B& .R*19@
5r& .raig 3as formerly a high U& S& 9ov& Official/ is 6ice 0resident of a large 1nternational .ompany and other companies&
;. o p y<
T'E ST*TE OF UT*'
OFF1.E OF T'E SE.RET*R) OF ST*TE
S*LT L*AE .1T)/
Octo2er H/ 17,
M& '& $ELL1(9
Secretary of State
9EO& *& SE*M*(
5eputy
1 3itnessed a demonstration of the Moray Radiant Energy machine/ Octo2er +/ 17,& There 3ere present Mr& 9a#iola/ Me#ican .onsul
9eneral to the United States/ M& R& Murdoc-/ Mr& Buehner/ 5r& M& O& 'ayes/ 2esides 5r& Moray and .& F& Schade and 5& 6& Farns3orth&
The essential parts of the machine 3ere contained in t3o 2o#es/ one directly on top of the other/ each 2o# a2out 1%D 3ide and %D 2y !%D long&
On the top of the upper 2o# 3as an electric s3itch on an insulating 2ase& There 3as also attached to the upper 2o# t3o soft iron poles 3ound 3ith
3ire 3hich in turn 3as covered 3ith ordinary friction tape& Ten standard electric light glo2es/ each of 1,, 3atts/ 3ere connected to the interior of
these 2o#es& * heavy copper 3ire led from one of the 2o#es to an outside aerial/ a second similar 3ire connected the 2o#es 3ith a 3ater pipe going
into the ground& Several mem2ers of the party too- hold of 2oth 3ires at the same time 3hich sho3ed there 3as no current in them 2efore the
demonstration 2egan& 5r& Moray also put the terminals of the connections 3hich led into the 2o#es in his mouth to prove that there 3as no current
in the 2o#es&
*fter having & connected these terminals 3ith the outside aerial and 3ith the ground 3ire/ Moray then too- a small magnet and stro-ed the
soft iron pole pieces a2ove mentioned/ the 3indings of 3hich 3ere connected to the interior of the 2o#es& 'e e#plained that the stro-ing 3as
necessary to set the device into an Delectrical oscillation/D and that 3hen it 3as DoscillatingD in tune 3ith 3hat he called Dradiant energyD it 3ould
continue so to do and 2ring in this energy in a usa2le form 3hen the s3itch 3as closed& *fter this stro-ing had continued for a fe3 seconds less
than five minutes/ Moray closed the s3itch and the lights came on very 2rilliant& The lights gave off very much more heat than the ordinary
electric lights of similar voltage attached to the house circuits 3hich 3ith the added 2rilliance clearlyL indicated that more than the usual voltage
3as going through these 1,,>3att lamps& This 3as clearly sho3n in another manner 3hen the inventor too- out one light and attached to this
soc-et an ordinary 'otpoint electric flatiron of +K+ 3att capacity& There 3as no dimming of the nine remaining lights& The iron 3as heated 3ith
great rapidity and 3hen in operation 3ith the lights added 3as dra3ing from this machine 1%K+ 3atts of electrical energy& 1 am told that this is
+%
practically t3o horse po3er& *fter 3atching the demonstration for some thirty minutes/ Moray disconnected the lead>in 3ire& The lights of course
immediately 3ent out and 3hen connected they did not immediately return& Later on/ 2oth myself and *ir& 9a#iola/ the Me#ican .onsul tuned in
the system as the inventor had done/ closed the s3itch and 2rought in the full volume of lights&
1n order to ma-e sure that the lights connected 3ith the house circuit 3ere entirely separate from the lights produced through the radiant
energy machine/ repeated tests 3ere made of disconnecting the house circuit in 3hich event the house meter did not register at all& The iron 3as
then connected 3ith the house circuit 3hich of course produced the ordinary reaction in the house meter& *fter the demonstration had 2een
completed/ the inventor raised the t3o 2o#es from the 3or- 2ench on 3hich they 3ere located/ sho3ing that there 3as a2solutely no connection 2y
3ires from 2elo3 or from any place/ save to the aerial and the ground 3ire&
*t the conclusion of the demonstration/ Moray dropped a stone 3eighing t3o or three pounds a2out t3o feet onto the 3or- 2ench& The ?ar
caused the light to flic-er a moment and go out& Moray e#plained to usL DThis 3as 2ecause the detector is not perfect/ and one part slips 3hen so
heavily ?arred/ 2ut this is all that remains to 2e done to ma-e the device a practical commercial product& This simple demonstration itself seemed
to sho3 conclusively that the po3er derived 3as dependent 3holly upon the machine and in no 3ay upon the house circuit&
Before 3itnessing the demonstration 1 had read affidavits certifying to similar tests made in Emigration .anyon seven miles from a po3er
line/ and in Stra32erry 6alley/ !" miles from any po3er line/ 3hen the machine operated 3ith the same degree of success that it did in Mr&
MorayGs la2oratory&
The inventor e#plained that this astonishing e#hi2ition 3hen understood 3as a matter of ordinary physics and predicted that there could 2e
developed from the energy all a2out us po3er and light and heat sufficient to ta-e care of many times the present -no3n needs of man&
Respectfully
M& '& $ELL1(9
LETTER FROM 5R& 0OLL)
Baltimore/ Md&
(ovem2er H/ 17"
On the occasion of a recent visit to Salt La-e .ity ;Sept& 17"< 1 arranged/ 2ecause of my o3n interest in various reports 1 had heard/ to visit
3ith Mr& T& '& Moray and discuss 3ith him some of his e#periments&
1 3as happy to find his la2oratory 3ell e=uipped 3ith a num2er of costly electrical measuring instruments/ and soon 2ecame convinced that
he understood their uses&
'is radiant energy device/ as he calls it/ seems to involve no mysterious circuit/ altho the electrical valve upon 3hich it depends is novel& The
apparatus does not depend on any 2attery or other source of electricity than the antenna& 1n other 3ords the po3er o2tained is not derived thru the
medium of a secondary po3er source : no fee2le current is 2uilt up as in a radio set 2y vacuum tu2e amplifiers& 'o3ever/ no violation of the
la3s of thermodynamics is implied&
1 sa3 no evidence that he 3as perpetrating a hoa# and 1 gladly 3rite this in appreciation for the time he spent 3ith me&
O& L& 0OLL)
5r& 0olly receved his degree 0h5& in 0hysics from Baltimore/ Md&
Aansas .ity& Mo&
5ec& !1/ 171 ;7!71 Broad3ay<
Mr& T& '& Moray
!%H1 Smith Fifth East
Salt La-e .ity/ Utah&
5ear SirL
l have received many days ago your pamphlets related to your 3onderful invention 3hich 1 personally inspectedd in your home last year in
the company of 'on& Milton '& $elling/ Secretary of State\ there&
1 am still interested in the future of this invention and its industriali4ation/ arid 3ould li-e to -no3 if you 3ill
?lan*ed out) contains personal data'
)ours very sincerely/
.& $& 9*B1OL*
Me#ican .onsul 9eneral of the United States
Since the R& E& *& episode/ 5r& Moray has turned his energies to discoveries in many other fields in order to
o2tain funds 2ut al3ays 3ith the purpose of pushing R& E& to the fullest e#tent of his resources and time&
4 oldal kimaradt
++
*TT*.'E5 RESUME
Reference is made to the follo3ing pu2licationsL
1& : $hose $ho in Engineering/ years 1!7>1!%>!+
!& : 'istory of Utah/ 0u2lished in 17! 2y The *merican 'istorical Society/ 1nc&/ .hicago and (e3
)or-
7& : Famous Utahns
%& : UtahGs 5istinguished 0ersonalities
1n 1,+ 2egan e#periments 3ith then so>called 3ireless and other electrical devices
1,K to the present time have e#perimented 3ith alternating currents of 'igh 0otential and 'igh Fre=uency
and 3ith rays 2eyond the light rays&
1!! discontinued commercial electrical engineering and turned 3holly to scientific research&
1!" research 3as started 3ith radiations from radioactive su2stances especially 3ith high grade colnotite
from southeastern Utah and .olorado/ 2ranching into the study of artificial radio activity and the artificial
transformation of the nuclei of a num2er of elements and fission reactions& Research in the study of rays from
1&,,, *ngstroms to those of 1,>+ *ngstrom Units and 2eyond has 2een going on since 17& This research has
e#tended into the disintegration of the nuclei using our o3n special constructed tu2es to cause 2om2ardment 2y
s3ift moving alpha particles and neutron 2om2ardments to accomplish artificial transformations as stated
a2ove&
1n this research 3e have found and *E. assay reports sho3 DThe sample appears to 2e fused uranium
dio#ide&D The samples assayed as high as H+ per cent U
7
O
H
e=uivalent& One material/ the report stated/ might 2e
an artificial product&
This is a 2reeding or ageing process ill 3hich none of the 3aste material is removed&
+"
.'*0TER S1B
TO S$ARI%E
UUEST1O(L 1s there any =uestion a2out the 0R*.T1.*L features resulting from further research and
development/ and a2out the F1(*L OUT.OME of the 0ro?ectE
'O$ do 3e A(O$ and 'O$ can 3e 2e .O(61(.E5 that further development 3ill *.TU*LL)
0RO5U.E the conditions/ as 3ell as the 0R*.T1.*L and sufficiently E.O(OM1.*L DRadiant > EnergyD
Units/ devices and methods/ leading to .OMMER.1*L application of DR*51*(T E(ER9)ED
1s it a matter of S0E.UL*T1O( or has Research and 5evelopment during the last 7+ years/ produced
SUFF1.1E(TL) SOU(5 mid RE*L1ST1. FOU(5*T1O(S 3hich 3ould *.TU*LL) 9U*R*(TEE the
SU..ESSFUL OUT.OMEE
*(S$ERL The DF1RST ST*9ED in almost any underta-ing of conse=uence is in DBEL1E61(9D that a certain
thing can 2e accomplished& *ll ma?or and minor developments in all phases of progress/ throughout the
ages/ have proven this fundamental truth& .RE*T16E 1M*91(*T1O(/ com2ined 3ith the po3er of
DBEL1E61(9/D 3ere responsi2le for even the most primitive discoveries and applications of common>place
DFREE>TR*(SFERD of energy such as/ the action of the 3heel/ the lever and fulcrum/ and the pulley&
*dvancing tediously and gradually/ al3ays follo3ing the (*TUR*L TE(5E(.) of E6OLUT1O(*R)
0RO.ESSES/ 3hich no>one and no po3er can retard/ hinder or hamper 3ith impunity/ a fe3 2old pioneers
devised means and methods of utili4ing the (*TUR*L 0O$ER inherent in 3ood/ coal and oil/ to 2e
follo3ed 2y the process of harnessing electricity in its crudest form&
The application of D*LTER(*T1(9 .URRE(TD 3hich 3as 3idely opposed for 3ider and more
economical use/ succeeded the limited nature of D51RE.T .URRE(T&D The telephone 3as held 2ac- ", years
and radio 1+K years after their discovery& $ith Radiant Energy 3e are continuing to advance/ no matter 3hat
hinderance& $e are gradually approaching the seemingly DL*ST FRO(T1ERD in the recognition and
application of an U(L1M1TE5 U(16ERS*L 0O$ER/ termed/ for lac- of a 2etter description&
RA">A$9 E$ERCDF
D(i-ola Tesla/D the electrical 3i4ard and discoverer of D*lternating>.urrent/D said in 1,% ;and reiterated
the assertion in 177 on his KKth 2irthday<
DEre many generations pass/ our machinery 3ill 2e driven 2y power obtainable at any point in the <niverse&
1s this energy static or K>$E9>C: 1f static/ our hopes are in vain@ if A1(ET1./ and this 3e K$#! E#R
CER9A>$) then it is a mere =uestion of time 3hen man will succeed in attaching his machinery to the very
!5EEL6!#RK of $A9<RE'8
1ncidentally/ (i-ola Tesla 3as (OT referring to socalled D*tomic>EnergyD or nuclear energy/ 2ut to the
energy 3hich is continually 2om2arding the earth from outer space&
SER1OUS/ S*(E and S)STEM*T1. Research/ 5evelopment and EB0ER1ME(T*T1O(/ coupled 3ith a
high degree of perseverance/ and 3illingness to ma-e almost super>human sacrifices/ 3ill sooner or later lead
to 8"EE>$>9E K$#!LE"CE8 and .O(.RETE 5EMO(STR*T1O( of U(16ERS*L 0R1(.10LES or
0O$ERS involved/ and the realistic application of them&
Thus/ having arrived at the second stage/ 3e do not have to DBEL1E6ED anything 3ith regards to essential
issues at hand& $e either DA(O$D or D5O(GT A(O$&D Ano3ing 3hat 3e do/ 3e say so and 0RO6E 1T& $ot
-no3ing it/ 3e say so too/ and e#plain $') 3e donGt -no3& This is a matter of great conse=uence to us and to
all those 3ho concern themselves 3ith such vital developments of 3orld>3ide significance&
$e have 2een forced to give up the idea of D$1S'FUL T'1(A1(9D a long time ago& .onse=uently/ 3e are
proceeding 3ith the greatest degree of .ERT*1(T) and here is 'O$ and $')L
1n 11% T& 'enry Moray said/ and it has since 2een reiterated several times in his copyrighted articles/ D1t is
the 2elief of the 3riter that all space is saturated 3ith energies 3hich are dou2tless electrical in their ultimate
energies or very closely allied to electrical action& The relation of matter to energy and energy to matter then
2ecomes the potential of the universe/ one continuous series of oscillations/ oscillating to and fro li-e a great
pendulum across the universe&D See Gcientific American) May 1+H page %%/ Fe2& 1",/ page +7/ Mune 1",/
page "%&
!5A9 ARE 95E REQ<>REE$9G for further 5evelopment and ResearchF
;a< 0artsL P#!ER 9<?EG) %AL%EG) #GC>LLA9#RG) etc&
;2< Means and Methods HcI EAG<R>$C >$G9R<E$9G and E9ERG so that a PR#9#9>PE for
.OMMER.1*L production can 2e producedE To 2ring it from a supersensitive la2oratory instrument to a
rugged commercial apparatus& There is O(L) O(E 5OM1(*T1(9 REUU1REME(T LEFT TO
*..OM0L1S' 2efore DR*51*(T E(ER9)D U(1TS are ready for .OMMER.1*L 0RO5U.T1O(/ vi4&/ the
G9A$"AR">JA9>#$ of the P#!ER 9<?EG and O or %AL%EG as 3ell as OS.1LL*TORS in order to get
0OS1T16E/ U(1FORM RESULTS from every tu2e made& This essential scientific development and engineering
call only 2e accomplished 3ith the use and application of S0E.1*LL) 5ES19(E5 and .O(STRU.TE5
+K
EAG<R>$C >$G9R<E$9G and 9<?E69EG9>$C E=uipment 3hich is 2uilt and cali2rated for use 3ith the
Energy from the Universe/ ?ust as in the measurement and utili4ation of 51RE.T and *LTER(*T1(9 current
circuits&
DR*51*(T E(ER9)D is of a nature that 1nstruments availa2le for measuring present>day electric energies
are of no value 3hen used in testing R*51*(T E(ER9) 6*L6ES/ OS.1LL*TORS and other Modalities
3hich are part of Radiant Energy 5evices and E=uipment&
1t might 2e said that the ma?or part of this please of research and development for the construction of
DRadiant EnergyD Units constitutes Engineering Techni=ues&
G9A$"AR">JA9>#$ of P#!ER 9<?EG and O or %AL%EG and #GC>LLA9#RGF
1t is a2solutely essential to standardi4e the 0O$ER TUBES in order to o2tain U(1F1E5 RESULTS from
every tu2e& *t present/ 3hen 1,, tu2es 3ere constructed in the la2oratory/ only perhaps ten or t3enty of then/
3ould meet re=uirements& The others failed to measure tip to the necessary standard& Sometimes only a fe3
operated as re=uired 2y the .R1T1.*L Balance and com2ined S)(.'RO(OUS Resonance action called four
to accelerate 3ith the magneticL fields in the Universe& *s a comparison 3ith Radio Tu2es/ R*51*(T
E(ER9) 0O$ER TUBES must function as 6*L6ES/ and some as OS.1LL*TORS/ and so on& Each tu2e
most 2e in a certain position in the circuit/ for they 3ill not operate in any other position in the circuit& They
also have to synchroni4e and 2alance perfectly one 3ith the other/ in their relation 3ith each other&
C#G9 Happro+imateI of RA">A$9 E$ERCD P#!ER 9<?EG
* DRadiant EnergyD Unit calls for a set of ! 0o3er Tu2es/ the cost of 3hich/ at this developing stage/ is
appro#imately [+,,&,, for each tu2e& Standardi4ation of function/ type/ nature and manufacturing methods of
such 0o3er Tu2es 3ill soon lead to a very economical cost in actual production/ ma-ing it possi2le to 2e 3ithin
the total cost of the finished Unit for .ommercial use&
G9A$"AR">JE" EAG<R>$C >$G9R<E$9G and E9ERG
'ighly speciali4ed Measuring 1nstruments and Meters/ allo3ing TRUE RE*51(9S of the Radiant Energy
0o3er Tu2eGs characteristics/ are not availa2le in 1ndustry or .ommerce at the present time& $hile special types
of such 1nstruments have 2een designed and constructed 2y T& 'enry Moray and *ssistants/ these have not 2een
entirely satisfactory/ not giving *BSOLUTE readings under the fre=uency and other energy characteristics& The
further development of the 1nstruments 2y the 1nventor and *ssistants and noted 1nstrument 5esigners/ is part
of the pro?ect/ prior to construction of the commercial prototype of the DRadiant EnergyD Unit&
C#G9 ;appro#imate< of further "evelopment and Construction o f EAG<R>$C >$G9R<E$9G and
etersF
Estimates received from leading 1nstrument 5esigners/ 3or-ing in con?unction 3ith the inventor and his
*ssistants/ 3ould place the initial cost of further development and construction of the first instrument as =uoted
some !, years ago at a2out [K+,/,,,&,,& Further production from such prototypes 3ould reduce the cost to 2e
in line 3ith other standard Measuring 1nstruments and Meters/ used for similar purposes&
9>E EAC9#RF
$hile it is almost impossi2le to determine the e#act time re=uired for the completion of those last phases of
5evelopment of 0o3er Tu2es/ 6alves and Measuring lnstruments/ leading to final preparation for commercial
production of the Radiant Energy Units/ it has conservatively 2een estimated for !% months/ or possi2ly less/
after this final pro?ect is accomplished&
1t is certain/ ho3ever/ that the com2ined efforts of the Scientists and Engineers ta-ing advantage of Talent/
Facilities and past E#perience/ their aim 3ill 2e achieved in the shortest possi2le time/ provided monetary
means and 3ays are provided 3ithout interruption and interference as it is estimated R&E& development is ,I
completed&
EG9>A9E" 9#9AL C#G9 for C#PLE9>#$ #E E>$AL P5AGEG of 8RA">A$9 E$ERCD8 PR#1EC9F
coveringF
;a<& 5evelopment and Research for ST*(5*R51C*T1O( of 0O$ER>TUBES/ 6*L6ES/
OS.1LL*TORS and other Modalities/ as 3ell as ME*SUR1(9 1(STRUME(TS and
METERS@
;2< Other essential and incidental Scientific and Engineering 3or- and activitiesL
;c< E=uipment and other facilities@
;d< Overhead
all leading to the final construction of a .OMMER.1*L 0ROTOT)0E/ from 3hich Engineering 0lans may
he developed for *.TU*L M*(UF*.TURE of this and similar DR*51*(T E(ER9)D Units : and also
development and methods for application of this Universal 0o3er for other Machinery/ E=uipment and
*ppliances& [+/7H,/,,, HEive6illion) 9hree 5undred and Eighty 9housand "ollarsI
To summari4e 3hat has 2een accomplished Energy has 2een received 2y and through this apparatus& *n 1H
inch high fre=uency 2rush discharge 3as sustained and energy up to +,/,,, $atts o2tained from one unit&
+H
*nother distinguishing feature is the 3hiteness of the lights as determined 2y the e#pert photographers& The
characteristics of the current o2tained determined 2y those 3ho have 3itnessed e#permental tests prove a ne3
source of energy& *ll the facts esta2lish something entirely ne3 has 2een discovered& There is no possi2ility for
dou2t on any phase of this method of o2taining energy from the .osmos&
The a2ove sho3s that so much of this development 2as 2eets accomplished/ that so much is 2eing offered for
so little/ as compared to other energy pro?ects no3 under development&
+
REFERENCES
Applied $uclear Physics by 0ollard and 5avidson : page K,
Astronomy by 5r& Ro2ert Ba-er : page 7,7
1n the release of energy/ 3here is the seal of energy/ 3hence it came
Evolution of atter by 5r& 9ustave LeBon
Evolution of Eorces by 5r& 9ustave LeBon
E+periments with' A' C' Currents of 5igh Potential and 5igh Ere&uency E+periments 2y 5r& (i-ola Tesla :
1,%
Radiant Energy 2y 5r& Edgar L& Lar-in : page 1K
G*y and 9elescope = 1uly 1+"/ *ugust 1+"/ March 1+/ pages !%1>!%7
Element formation in the Stars is also energy transformation in the Stars
Gcientific American May 1+H : page %%
Gcientific American) Fe2ruary 1", : page +7
Gcientific American) Mune 1", : page "%
9he $ature of the !orld and of Man : University of .hicago 0ress : pages 1"/ 1K : 17"/ 17K and other
pages
Eoundations of the <niverse 2y 5r& M& Luc-iesh : pages +/ 1%/ %7
6er4i]L ,& ;!,,!>,">!<

",
^
&'(e' )*g +e''ta,t-a a. ele/t,*'&/us -e,.&0-al /ap1s*lat2a'3
S4er-es4tiL 6ars_nyi 0Zter ;0epe< E>mailL varsanyi`a#elero&hu
Aalbn -bs4bnet Ta# 1stv_nna- Wti#i+H`yahoo&comV a4 O.R mun-_ZrtF

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