Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases

Page # 1
manishkumarphysics.in
SOLVED EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE27.1
0.32 g of oxygen is kept a rigid container and is heated. Find the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature from 25
0
C to 35
0
C. The molar heat capacity of oxygen at constant volume is 20 J/molK.
Sol.
The moleculer weight of oxygen = 32 g/mol.
n =
g/mol 32
g 32 . 0
= 0.01 mol .
The amount of heat needed is Q = n C
v
AT
= ( 0.01 mol ) ( 20 J/molK ) (10 K) = 2.0 J.
EXAMPLE27.2
A tank of volume 0.2 m
3
contains helium gas at a temperature of 300 K and pressure 1.0 10
5
N/m
2
. Find
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature to 400 K. The molar heat capacity of helium at constant
volume is 3.0 cal/molK. Neglect any expansion in the volume of the tank.
Sol.
The amount of the gas in moles is
n =
RT
pV
=
K) 300 )( / 31 . 8 (
) m (0.2 ) N/m 10 0 . 1 (
3 2 5
K mol J

= 8.0 mol.
The amount of heat required is
AQ = n C
v
AT
= ( 8.0 mol ) ( 3.0 cal/molK ) (100 K ) = 2400 cal.
EXAMPLE27.3
The molar heat capacity of a gas at constant volume is found to be 5 cal/molK. Find the ratio = C
P
C
V
for the gas. The gas constant R = 2 cal/molK.
Sol.
We have C
v
= 5 cal/molK.
Thus, C
P
= C
v
+ R = 5 cal/mol K
= 7 cal/mol K or,
v
p
C
C
=
5
7
= 1.4 .
EXAMPLE27.4
Dry air at 15
0
C and 10 atm is suddenly released at atmosphere pressure. Find the final temperature of the
air [ C
P
/ C
v
= 1.4 ].
Sol.
As the air is suddenly released, it does not get time to exchange heat with the surrounding. Thus the
process is adiabatic. Assuming the process to be reversible,
1

p
T
= constant
or ,
1
1
1

p
T
=
1
2
2

p
T
or,

|
|
.
|

\
|
1
2
T
T
=
1
1
2

|
|
.
|

\
|

p
p
or, T
2
= T
1
1
1
1
2

|
|
.
|

\
|

p
p
Talking p
1
= 10 atm, p
2
= 1 atm, = 1.41 and T
1
= ( 273 + 15 ) K = 288 K, the final temperature is T
2
= 148
K.
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
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manishkumarphysics.in
EXAMPLE27.5
Calculate the internal energy of 1 g of oxygen at STP.
Sol.
Oxygen is a diatomic gas. The average energy per molecules is, therefore,
2
5
kT and the average energy per
mole is
2
5
RT. As the molecular weight of oxygen is 32 g/mol, 1 g of oxygen has
n =
g/mol 32
g 1
=
32
1
mol.
The temperature of oxygen is 273 K. Thus, the internal energy is
U = n
|
.
|

\
|
RT
2
5
=
|
.
|

\
|
mol
32
1
|
.
|

\
|
2
5
( 8.31 J/molK) ( 273 K )
= 177 J.
QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER
1. Does a gas have just two specific heat capacities or more than two? Is the number of specific heat capacities
of a gas countable?
2. Can we define specific heat capacity at constant temperature?
3. Can we define specific heat capacity for an adiabatic process?
4. Does a solid also have two kinds of molar heat capacities C
p
and C
v
? If yes, do we have C
p
> C
v
? C
p
C
v
= R
?
5. In a real gas the internal energy depends on temperature and alsoon volume. The energy increases when the
gas expands isothermally. Looking into the derivation of C
p
C
v
= R, find whether C
p
C
v
will be more than R,
less than R or equal to R for a real gas.
6. Can a process on an ideal gas be both adiabatic and isothermal?
7. Show that the slope of pV diagram is greater for an adiabatic process as compared to an isothermal
process.
8. Is a slow process always isothermal? Is a quick process always adiabatic?
9. Can two states of an ideal gas be connected by an isothermal process as well as an adiabatic process?
10. The ratio C
p
/C
v
for a gas is 1.29. What is the degree of freedom of the molecules of this gas?
Objective - I
1. Work done by a sample of an ideal gas in a process A is double the work done in another process B. The
temperature rises through the same amount in the two processes. If C
A
and C
B
be the molar heat capacities
for the two processes.
l+=i +n A n (+ ~i<zi n= ,ii l+i ni +i l+=i < = +n Bn l+ n +i +i <n-i t <i-i +ni n
-i =ni- nizii n cii i-i t l< <i -i +ni + ln ni n -ni iil-i +nzi C
A
C
B
ti -i
(A) C
A
= C
B
(B) C
A
< C
B
(C*) C
A
> C
B
(D) C
A
and C
B
cannot be defined
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
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manishkumarphysics.in
2. For a solid with a small expansion coefficient,
(A) C
p
- C
v
= R (B) C
p
- C
v
= R (C*) C
p
is slightly greater than C
v
(D) C
p
is slightly less than C
v
~- =i n ii + in (+ ai= + ln .
(A) C
p
- C
v
= R (B) C
p
- C
v
= R (C*) C
p
. C
v
= ii i ~li+ ti -i t
(D) C
p
, C
v
= ii i +n ti -i t
3. The value of C
p
- C
v
is 1.00 R for a gas sample in state A and is 1.08 R in state B. Let p
A
, p
B
denote the
pressure and T
A
and T
B
donote the temperature of the states Aand B respectively. Most likely
l+=i n = + -n - +i ~-ii A + ln C
p
- C
v
+i ni- 1.00 R-ii ~-ii B+ ln 1.08 Rt ni-i p
A
, p
B
-ii T
A
T
B
+nzi ~-ii~i A B + <i -ii -i t -
(A*) p
A
< p
B
and T
A
>T
B
(B) p
A
> p
B
and T
A
<T
B
(C) p
A
= p
B
and T
A
<T
B
(D) p
A
> p
B
and T
A
=T
B
(A*) p
A
< p
B
T
A
>T
B
(B) p
A
> p
B
T
A
<T
B
(C) p
A
= p
B
T
A
<T
B
(D) p
A
> p
B
T
A
=T
B
4. Let C
v
and C
p
denote the molar heat capacities of an ideal gas at constant volume and constant pressure
respectively. Which of the following is a universal constant ?
ni-i C
v
C
p
l+=i ~i<zi n = +i. +nzi l-- ~i-- l-- <i ni n -ni iil-i t l--- n = +i - =i lzi+
l--i+ t
(A) C
p
/C
v
(B) C
p
C
v
(C*) C
p
- C
v
(D) C
p
+ C
v
5. 70 calories of heat is required to raise the temperautre of 2 mole of an ideal gas at constant pressure from
30
o
Cto 35
o
C. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the same gas through the same range
at constant volume is -
(A) 30 Calories (B*) 50 Calories (C) 70 Calories (D) 90 Calories
l+=i ~i<zi n = +i -i. l-- <i 30
o
C= 35
o
Cci- + ln 70 + ni i -ni +i ~iz+-i ti -i t -=i n =
+i +i -i l-- ~i-- =ni- i= (30
o
C= 35
o
C) n ci- + ln ~iz+ -ni +i nizii ti -i t
(A) 30 +nii (B*) 50 +nii (C) 70 +nii (D) 90 +nii
6. Fig shows a process on a gas in which pressure and volume both change. The molar heat capacity for this
process is C.
l<i ni ~i i l+=i n = (+ +n +i <zii -i t l=n <i ~i-- <i -i ll- - ti - t := +n + ln ni n
-ni iil-i Ct
(A) C = 0 (B) C = C
v
(C*) C> C
v
(D) C < C
v
7. The molar heat capacity for the process shown in fig. is
l-zi n <zii n +n + ln nin -ni iil-i t
(A) C = C
p
(B) C = C
v
(C) C > C
v
(D*) C = 0
8. In an isothermal process on an ideal gas, the pressure increases by 0.5%. The volume decreases by about
l+=i ~i<zi n = (+ =n-ii +n n <i 0.5% = cii i-i t ~i-- ini (nnin)
(A) 0.25% (B*) 0.5% (C) 0.7% (D) 1%
9. In an adiabatic process on a gas with = 1.4, the pressure is increased by 0.5%. The volume decreases by
about
l+=i ~i<zi n = ( = 1.4) (+ < in +n n <i 0.5%= cii i-i t ~i-- ini (nnin)
(A*) 0.36% (B) 0.5% (C) 0.7& (D) 1%
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
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manishkumarphysics.in
10. Two sample A and B are initially kept in the same state. The sample A is expanded through an adiabatic
process and the sampleAis expanded through an adiabatic process and the sample Bthrough an isothermal
process. The final volumes inAand B are p
A
and p
B
respectively.
<i -n - A B i-i n =ni- ~-ii n i t t -n - A +i < i n +n + ~- =i =il- l+i i-i t -ii -n -
B +i (+ =n-ii +n = A B n -n-i + ~l--n ~i-- =ni- t A B n ~l--n <i +nzi p
A
p
B
t
(A) p
A
> p
B
(B) p
A
= p
B
(C*) p
A
< p
B
(D) The relation between p
A
and p
B
cannot be deduced.
(D) p
A
p
B
+ i- =--i l-n ln- -ti l+i i =+-i t
11. Let T
a
and T
b
be the final temperature of the samples Aand B respectively in the previous question then :
ni-i - l< n z- n <i-i -n-i A B + ~l--n -i +nzi T
a
T
b
t
(A) T
a
<T
b
(B) T
a
=T
b
(C*) T
a
>T
b
(D) The relation between T
a
and T
b
cannot be deduced.
(D) T
a
T
b
+ i- =--i l-n ln- -ti l+i i =+-i t
12. Let AW
a
and AW
b
be the work done by the systems A and B respectively in the previous question then :
ni-i - l< n z- n l-+ii A B ,ii l+i ni +i +nzi AW
a
AW
b
t
(A) AW
a
> AW
b
(B) AW
a
= AW
b
(C*) AW
a
< AW
b
(D) The relation between AW
a
and AW
b
cannot be deduced.
(D) AW
a
AW
b
+ i- =--i i-- -ti l+i i =+-i t
13. The molar heat capacity of oxygen gas at STP is nearly 2.5 R. As the temperature is increased, it gradually
increases and approaches 3.5 R. The most appropriate reason for this behaviour is that at high temperatures
(A) oxygen does not behave as an ideal gas (B) oxygen molecules dissociate in atoms
(C) the molecules collides more frequently (D*) molecular vibrationgraduallybecomeeffective
ni-+ -i ( <i (STP) ~i +=i- n = +i ni n -ni iil-i nnin 2.5 R. t -i cii i-i t -i t - i
= c-i t -ii 3.5 R. +i ~i c-i t := ti + ln =ili+ -+- +ii t t l+ --- -ii
(A) ~i+=i- ~i<zi n = +i ii l- ti -ti +-i t (B) ~i +=i- + ~i . nii ~i n li+- t i i- t
(C) ~i ~li+ -i = +i- nn- t (D*) ~il+ +--- - i = iii ti - t
Objective - II
1. A gas kept in a container of finite conductivity is suddenly compressed. The process
(A) must be very nearly adiabatic (B) must be very nearly isothermal
(C*) may be very nearly adiabatic (D*) may be very nearly isothermal
lln- -in+-i in izi n ii t : n = ~-i-+ =-il- +i i-i t +n t -
(A) l-lz-- = nnin <in (B) l-lz-- = nnin =n-ii
(C*) nnin <in ti =+-i t (D*) nnin =n-ii ti =+-i t
Sol. If container is a very good conductor (D) is correct. ~n +=i t - ~-zi -in+ t -i (D) t
If container is very bad conductor (C) is correct. ~n +=i t- i -in+ t -i (C) =ti t
2. Let Q and W denote the amount of the heat given to an ideal gas and the work done by it in an isothermal
process.
ni-i l+ l+=i =n-ii +n n (+ ~i<zi n = +i <i ni -ni -ii l+i ni +i +nzi Q( W = +- l+
i- t -
(A) Q = 0 (B) W = 0 (C) Q = W (D*) Q = W
3. Let Q and W denote the amount of the heat given to an ideal gas and the work done by it in an adiabatic
process.
ni-i l+ l+=i <i n +n n (+ ~i<zi n = +i <i ni -ni -ii l+i ni +i +nzi Q( W = +- l+ i-
t -
(A*) Q = 0 (B) W = 0 (C) Q = W (D*) Q = W
4. Consider the processes A and B shown in fig. It is possible that
l-zi n <lzi - +ni A B l-i +il t = i t l+ -
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 5
manishkumarphysics.in
(A) both the processes are isothermal (B) both the processes are adiabatic
(C*) Ais isothermal and B is adiabatic (D) A is adiabatic and B is isothermal
(A) <i-i ti +n =n-ii t (B) <i-i ti +n <in t
(C*) A=n-ii t -ii B <in t (D) A<in t -ii B =n-ii t
5. Three identical adiabatic containers A, B and C contain helium, neon and oxygen respectively at equal
pressure. The gases are pushed to half their original volumes.
(+ =ni- <i -i- (+ = zi n izi A, B-ii Cn +nzi tilnn. l-~i- -ii ~i+=i- -l-i- t n =i +i
--+ il-i+ ~i-- + ~ii ~i-- -+ <ii i-i t
(A) The final temperature in the three containers will be the same.
(B) The final pressures in the three containers will be the same.
(C*) The pressure of helium and neon will be the same but that of oxygen will be different.
(D*) The temperature of helium and neon will be the same but that of oxygen will be different
(A) -i-i izii n ~l--n -ini- (+ =ni- t ini (B) -i-i izii n ~l--n -ini- (+ =ni- tini
(C*) tilnn -ii l-~i- +i <i (+ =i ti ni -- ~i+=i- +i li-- ti ni
(D*) tilnn -ii l-~i- +i -i (+ =i t ini -- ~i+=i- +i li-- ti ni
6. A rigid container of neligible heat capacity contains one mole of an ideal gas. The temperature of the gas
increases by 1
0
C if 3.0 cal of heat is added to it. The gas may be
-n -ni iil-i in (+ < c izi n (+ ni n ~i<zi n = -l-i- t ~n n = n 3.0 cal -ni i i i-i t -i
n= +i -ini- 1C= c i-i t t n = ti =+-i t ` [4 min.] [M.Bank(07-08)_HCV_Ch.27_Ob.2_6]
(A*) helium (B*) argon (C) oxygen (D) carbon dioxide
(A*) tilnn (B*) ~in- (C) ~i+=i- (D) +i - i: ~i +=i:
7. Four cylinders contain equal number of moles of argon, hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide at the same
temperature. The energy is minimum in
-i n-i n ~in-. ti:i-. -i:i- -ii +i- i: ~i+=i: + (+ =ni- -ini- (+ =ni- nin -l-i-
t
(A*) argon (B) hydrogen (C) nitrogen (D) carbon dioxide
(A*) ~in- (B) ti:i- (C) -i: i - (D) +i - i: ~i+=i:
WORKED OUT EXAMPLES
1. Calculate the value of mechanical equialent of heat from the following data. Specific heat capacity of air at
constant volume = 170 cal/kg-K, =C
p
/C
v
= 1.4 and the density of air at STP is 1.29 kg/m
3
. Gas consant R
= 8.3 J/mol-K.
l---lnli- ~i+i +i =ti-i = -ni + ilzi+ - -i+ +i ni-i +il( l-- ~i-- i +i llzi -ni
= 170 cal/kg-K, =C
p
/C
v
= 1.4 ~i ni-+ -i ( <i (STP) i +i i-- 1.29 kg/m
3
n= l--i+ R= 8.3
J/mol-K
Sol. Using pV = nRT, the volume of 1 mole of air at STP is
p
nRT
V =
=
2 5
m / N 10 0 . 1
) K 273 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 ( ) mol 1 (

= 0.0224m
3
.
The mass of 1 mole is, therefore,
(1.29 kg/m
3
) (0.0224 m
3
) = 0.029 kg.
The number of moles in 1 kg is
029 . 0
1
. The molar heat capacity at constant volume is
K mol ) 029 . 0 / 1 (
cal 170
C
v

=
= 4.93 cal/mol-K.
Hence, Cp = C
v
= 1.4 4.93 cal/mol-K
or, C
p
C
v
= 0.4 4.93 cal/mol-K
= 1.97 cal/mol-K.
Also,
C
p
C
v
= R = 8.3 J/mol-K.
Thus, 8.3 J = 1.97 cal.
The mechanical equivalent of heat is
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 6
manishkumarphysics.in
cal 97 . 1
J 3 . 8
=4.2 J/cal.
gy =ni+i pV = nRT, +i -i n +- STP 1 ni n i +i ~i--
p
nRT
V =
=
2 5
m / N 10 0 . 1
) K 273 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 ( ) mol 1 (

= 0.0224m
3
.
~- 1 ni n +i < ni-
(1.29 kg/m
3
) (0.0224 m
3
) = 0.029 kg.
1 l+n ic n ni ni +i = i =
029 . 0
1
l-- ~i-- ni n llzi -ni
K mol ) 029 . 0 / 1 (
cal 170
C
v

=
= 4.93 cal/mol-K.
Hence, Cp = C
v
= 1.4 4.93 cal/mol-K
i C
p
C
v
= 0.4 4.93 cal/mol-K
= 1.97 cal/mol-K.
Also,
C
p
C
v
= R = 8.3 J/mol-K.
Thus, 8.3 J = 1.97 cal.
-ni +i ilzi+ --i+
cal 97 . 1
J 3 . 8
=4.2 J/cal.
2. An ideal gas has a molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
= 2.5 R. The gas is kept in a closed vessel
of volume 0.0083 m
3
, at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 1.6 10
6
N/m
2
. An amount 2.49 10
4
J of
heat energy is supplied to the gas. Calculate thefinal temperature and pressure of the gas.
(+ ~i<zi n= +i l-- <i ni n llzi -ni C
p
= 2.5 Rt n= +i 0.0083 m
3
~i-- in ~i-- in
-< i zi n 300 K -i ~i 1.6 10
6
N/m
2
<i i i ni t n = +i -ni +i
2.49 10
4
J n nizii v<i- +i i-i t n = + ~l--n -i ( <i +i ni-i +il(
Sol. We have (tn i-- t l+ )
Cv = Cp R = 2.5 R R = 1.5 R.
The amount of the gas (in moles) is [n = +i nizii (ni n n )]
RT
pV
n =
. mol 3 . 5
) K 300 )( K mol / J 3 . 8 (
) m 0083 . 0 ( ) m / N 10 6 . 1 (
3 2 6
=

=
As the gas is kept in a closed vessel, its volume is constant. Thus, we have
n = -< izi n t ~- :=+i ~i-- l-- tni ~ii -
AQ= nC
v
AT
or, AT =
v
nC
Q A
=
. K 377
) K mol / J 3 . 8 5 . 1 )( mol 3 . 5 (
J 10 49 . 2
4
=

The final temperature is (~ l-n -i ) 300 K + 377 K = 677 K.

Wehave,
2
2 2
1
1 1
T
V p
T
V p
=
Here (ti ) V
1
= V
2
. Thus (:= v+i), 1
1
2
2
p
T
T
p =
=
300
677
1.6 10
6
Nm
2
= 3.6 10
6
N/m
2
.
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 7
manishkumarphysics.in
3. A sample of ideal gas ( = 1.4) is heated at constant pressure. If an amount 140 J of heat is supplied to the
gas, find (a) the change in internal energy of the gas (b) the work done by the gas.
~i<zi n= ( = 1.4) + (+ vl-<zi +i l-- <i nn l+i i-i t l< n= +i -ni +i 140 J nizii v<i-
+i i-i t ai- +il( (a) n = +i ~i--l+ i n l- - (b) n = ,ii l+i ni +i
Sol. Suppose the sample contasins n moles. Also suppose the volume changes fromV
1
to V
2
and the temperature
changes from T
1
to T
2
.
The heat supplied is
AQ = nC
p
(T
2
T
1
)
(a) The change is internal energy is
AU = nC
v
(T
2
T
1
) =
p
v
C
C
nC
p
(T
2
T
1
)
=
p
v
C
C
DQ =
4 . 1
J 140
= 100 J.
(b) The work done by the gas is
AW = AQ AU
= 140 J 100 J = 40 J.
gy ni-il+ vl-<zi n n ni n t =ii ti ~i-- V
1
= V
2
-+ ~i -i T
1
= T
2
-+ ll- - t
v<-i -ni
AQ = nC
p
(T
2
T
1
)
(a) ~i--l+ -i n l- -
AU = nC
v
(T
2
T
1
) =
p
v
C
C
nC
p
(T
2
T
1
)
=
p
v
C
C
DQ =
4 . 1
J 140
= 100 J.
(b) n = ,ii l+i ni +i
AW = AQ AU
= 140 J 100 J = 40 J.
4. Anexperiment is performedtomeasurethe molar heat capacityof agas at constant pressureusingRegnaults
method. The gas is initially contained in a cubical reservoir of size 40cm 40 cm 40 cm at 600 kPa at
27C. A part of the gas is brought out, heated to 100C and is passed through a calorimeter at constant
pressure. Thewater equivalent of the calorimeter and its contents is 100g. The temperature of the calorimeter
andits contents increases from20Cto30Cduringtheexperiment andthepressureinthereservoir decreases
to 525 kPa. Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kgK. Calculate the molar heat capacity C
p
from these
data.
l-i - lli ,ii l-- <i n= +i ni n llzi -ni ni- +i vi n l+i i-i t vi-i n 600 kPa
<i ( 27C-i 40 =nic 40 =nic 40 =nic ~i+i + i-i+i izi n ii t: t n= +i +z ~zi it
l-+in+ 100C-i -+ nn ++ l-- <i (+ +niinii = nii i-i t +niinii ~i :=+i =inni
+i n - -i + 100 nin t vi n + <ii- +niinii ( :=+i =inn i +i -i 20C= c + 30Cti i-i
t -ii izi +i <i 525 kPa -+ +n ti i-i t i-i +i nin llzi -ni =4200 J/kgKt :- ~i+i +i
=ti-i = nin llzi -ni C
p
+i ni-i +il(
Sol. We have pV = nRT or, n =
RT
pV
. The amount of the gas in the reservoir is n
1
=
RT
V p
1
before the gas is taken out
and
RT
V p
n
2
2
= after the gas is taken out. The amount taken out is
An = n
1
n
2
= (p
1
p
2
)
RT
V
=
) K 300 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 (
) m 10 40 ( m / N 10 ) 525 600 (
3 2 2 3



= 1.925 mol.
Thegas is heatedto100Candcools downas it passes through thecalorimeter. Theaverage final temperature
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 8
manishkumarphysics.in
of the gas is
2
C 30 C 20 +
=25C. Thus, the average decrease in temperature of the gas is
AT = (100C 25C) = 75C
or, AT = 75 K.
The heat lost by the gas is
AQ = An C
p
AT.
The heat gained by the calorimeter and its contents is
(100 g) (4200 J/kgK) (30 20)C = 4200 J.
Thus, An C
p
AT = 4200 J
or,
) K 75 )( mol 925 . 1 (
J 4200
C
p
=
= 29 J/mol-K.
gy pV = nRT i n =
RT
pV
n = l-+in- = izi n n = +i nizii n
1
=
RT
V p
1
-ii n = l-+in- + z-i- izi n
n= +i nizii
RT
V p
n
2
2
= n= +i it l-+ini n: nizii
An = n
1
n
2
= (p
1
p
2
)
RT
V
=
) K 300 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 (
) m 10 40 ( m / N 10 ) 525 600 (
3 2 2 3



= 1.925 ni n
n= +i 100C-+ nn l+i t -ii :=+i +niinii = nii i-i t t ai ti i-i t n= +i ~i=-
~l--n -i
2
C 30 C 20 +
=25Ctini ~- n= + -i n ~i=- +ni
AT = (100C 25C) = 75C
i AT = 75 K.
n = ,ii ii i n: -ni
AQ = An C
p
AT.
+ ni i ni ( :=+i =inn i ,ii vi-- +i n: -ni
(100 g) (4200 J/kgK) (30 20)C = 4200 J.
:= v+i An C
p
AT = 4200 J
i
) K 75 )( mol 925 . 1 (
J 4200
C
p
=
= 29 J/mol-K.
5. A quantity of air is kept in a container having walls which are slightly conducting. The initial temperature and
volume are 27C(equal to the temperature of the surrounding) and 800cm
3
respectively. Find the rise in the
temparture if the gas is compressed to 200cm
3
(a) in a short time (b) in a long time. Take = 1.4.
i +i +z nizii (+ (= izi n ii ni t l=+i <ii iii =i -in+ t vil-i+ -i ( ~i-- +nzi
27C(i-ii + -i + i) ~i 800cm
3
t n = +i 200cm
3
-+ =-il- +- -i n lz ai- +il(.
l< n= +i =-il - l+i i (a) ~- ~--in n (b) n- ~--in n = 1.4 ni- nil(
Sol. (a) When the gas is compressed in a short time, the process is abiabatic. Thus,
T
2
V
2
1
= T
1
V
1
1
or
1
2
1
1 2
V
V
T T

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= (300 K)
4 . 0
200
800
(

=522 K.
Rise in temperature = T
2
T
1
= 222 K.
(b) When the gas is compressed in a long time, the process is isothermal. Thus, the temperature remains
equal to the temperature of the surrounding that is 27C. The rise in temperature = 0.
gy (a) n= +i ~- =n n =-il - l+i i -i v+n zin tini ~-
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 9
manishkumarphysics.in
T
2
V
2
1
= T
1
V
1
1
i
1
2
1
1 2
V
V
T T

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= (300 K)
4 . 0
200
800
(

=522 K.
-i n lz = T
2
T
1
= 222 K.
(b) n = +i n- =ni--in n =-il- l+i i-i t -i v+n =n-ii ti-i t ~- l-+i +i -i i-ii
+ -i + i ti t-i t i 27Ct ~- -i n lz= 0
6. A sample of gas ( = 1.5) is taken through an adiabatics process in which the volume is compressed from
1600 cm
3
to 400 cm
3
. If the initial pressure is 150 kPa, (a) what is the final pressure and (b) howmuch work
is done by the gas in the process?
n = ( = 1.5) + (+ vl-<zi ,i n v+n l+i i-i t l=n ~i-- 1600 cm
3
= 400 cm
3
-+ =-il -
ti i-i t l< vil-i+ <i 150 kPa, (a) ~l--n <i l+--i t ~i (b) := v+n n n= ,ii l+--i +i l+i
ni ?
Sol. (a) For an adiabatic process,
p
1
V
1

= p
2
V
2

.
Thus,

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
1 2
V
V
p p
= (150 kPa)
2 / 3
3
3
cm 400
cm 1600
|
|
.
|

\
|
= 1200 kPa.
(b) Work done by the gas in an adiabatic process is
W =
1
V p V p
2 2 1 1

=
I 5 . 1
) cm 400 )( kPa 1200 ( ) cm 1600 )( kPa 150 (
3 3

=
. J 480
5 . 0
J 480 J 240
=

gy (a) ,i n v+n + ln(

p
1
V
1

= p
2
V
2

.
~-

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
1 2
V
V
p p
= (150 kPa)
2 / 3
3
3
cm 400
cm 1600
|
|
.
|

\
|
= 1200 kPa.
(b) zi n v+n n l+i ni +i
W =
1
V p V p
2 2 1 1

=
I 5 . 1
) cm 400 )( kPa 1200 ( ) cm 1600 )( kPa 150 (
3 3

=
. J 480
5 . 0
J 480 J 240
=

7. Two moles of helium gas ( = 5/3) are initially at 27C and occupy a volume of 20 litres. The gas is first
expanded at constant pressure until the volume is doubled. Then it undergoes an adiabatic change unitil the
temperature returns to its initial value. (a) Sketch the process in a p-V diagram. (b) What is the final volume
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 10
manishkumarphysics.in
and pressure of the gas? (c) What is the work done by the gas?
tilnn n= ( = 5/3) + <i ni n vi-i n 27C-i t -ii 20 ni ~i-- i - t n= +i tn l-i <i .
~i-- <n-i ti - -+ v=il- l+i i-i t - := (+ ,i n l- - = ti + n ii i-i t l== -i il-i+
ni- ~i i-i t (a) v+n +i p-V ~ii n <zii : (b) n = + ~l--n ~i-- <i +i t ? (c) n = ,ii l+i
ni +i +i t ?
Sol. (a) The process is shown in figure. During the part ab, the pressure is constant. We have
b
b b
a
a a
T
V p
T
V p
=
or,
. k 600 T 2 T
V
V
T
a a
a
b
b
= = =
During the part bc, the gas is adiabatically returned to the temperature T
a
. The point a and the point c are on
the same iotherm. Thus, we drawan adiabatic curve from b and an isotherm from a and look for the point of
intersection c. That is the final state.
(b) From the isotherm ac,
p
a
V
a
= p
c
V
c
...... (i)
and fromthe adiabatic curve bc

=
c c
b
b
V p V p
or, p
a
(2V
a
)

=

c c
V p ......(ii)
Dividing (ii) by (i),
2

(V
a
)
1
= (V
c
)
1
or, V
c
= 2
/(1)
V
a
= 4
2
V
a
= 113 litres.
From(i),
c
a
c
a a
c
V
nRT
V
V p
p = =
=
3 3
m 10 113
) K 300 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 ( mol 2

= 4.4 10
4
Pa.
(c) Work done by the gas in the part ab
= p
a
(V
b
V
a
)
= p
b
V
b
p
a
V
a
= nRT
2
nRT
1
= 2 mol (8.3 J/mol-K) (600 K 300 K)
= 4980 J.
The work done in the adiabatic part bc
=
1
V p V p
c c b b


=
1
) T T ( nR
1 2


=
. J 7470
1 3 / 5
J 4980
=

The net work done by the gas

= 4980J + 7470 J = 12450 J.
gy (a) v+n +i l-zi n <zii i ni t iin ab + <i i- <i l-- t
b
b b
a
a a
T
V p
T
V p
=
i
. k 600 T 2 T
V
V
T
a a
a
b
b
= = =
ii bc + <i i- n = ,in -i+ = -i T
a
-+ ni -i t l-< a c (+ ti =n-ii + t := v+i tn b =
(+ ,in + a = (+ =n-ii + -i- t -ii vl--z < l-< c +i -nizi +- t t ~l--n ~-ii t
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 11
manishkumarphysics.in
a b
l
e
r
k
i
h
: ) ks"e
c
V
20 litre 40 litre
P
(b) =n-ii + ac =,
p
a
V
a
= p
c
V
c
...... (i)
-ii ,in + bc =

=
c c
b
b
V p V p
i p
a
(2V
a
)

=

c c
V p ......(ii)
(ii) n (i) +i iin <-
2

(V
a
)
1
= (V
c
)
1
i V
c
= 2
/(1)
V
a
= 4
2
V
a
= 113 litres.
(i) =
c
a
c
a a
c
V
nRT
V
V p
p = =
=
3 3
m 10 113
) K 300 ( ) K mol / J 3 . 8 ( mol 2

= 4.4 10
4
Pa.
(c) iin ab n n = ,ii l+i ni +i
= p
a
(V
b
V
a
)
= p
b
V
b
p
a
V
a
= nRT
2
nRT
1
= 2 mol (8.3 J/mol-K) (600 K 300 K)
= 4980 J.
iin bc n l+i ni +i
=
1
V p V p
c c b b


=
1
) T T ( nR
1 2


=
. J 7470
1 3 / 5
J 4980
=

n= ,ii l+i ni +n +i
= 4980J + 7470 J = 12450 J.
8. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical container supports a freely moving piston of mass M. The
piston and the cylinder have equal cross-sectional area A. When the piston is in equilibrium, the volume of
the gas is V
0
and its pressure is p
0
. The piston is slightly displaced from the equilibrium position and
released. Assuming that the systemis completely isolated fromits surrounding, showthat the piston executes
simple harmonic motion and find the frequency of oscillations.
(+ -i i n-i+i izi n ii (+ ~i<zi n =. ---zi = nl- + =+- in M< ni- + (+ l-- +i ~i
ii <i- +-i t l-- izi +i ~- -i +i -i zi+nA=ni- t l-- =i-i-ii n t -i n = +i ~i-- V
0
-ii <i p
0
t l-- +i :=+i =i-i-ii = ii i l-iil- ++ zi l<i i-i t l-+i +i vl-zi = i -i
lnln- ni-- t( <zii: l+ l-- =n ~i- nl- +-i t ~i <i n-i +i ~il-i ai- +il(
Sol. Suppose the piston is displaced through a distance x above the equilibrium position. The volume of the gas
increases by AV = Ax. As the system is completely isolated from its surrounding, the process is adiabatic.
Thus,
pV

= constant
or, In p + In V = constant
or,
0
V
V
p
p
=
A
+
A
or, V
V
p
p A

= A .
As the piston is only slightly pushed, we can write
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 12
manishkumarphysics.in
V
V
p
p
0
0
A

= A
.
The resultant force acting on the piston in this position is
F = AAp =
V
V
p
A
0
0
A

=
kx x
V
p A
0
0
2
=

where k =
0
0
2
V
p A
.
Thus, the motion of the piston is simple harmonic. The angular frequency eis given by
0
0
2
MV
p A
M
k
= = e
and the frequency is v =
t
=
t
e
2
1
2
0
0
2
MV
p A
.
gy ni-i l-- =i-i-ii = x <i - l-iil- l+i i-i t n= +i ~i-- AV =Ax = c i-i t -l+ l-+i
. vl-zi = i-i lnln- t :=ln( v+n ,in t := v+i pV

= l--
i In p + In V = l--
i
0
V
V
p
p
=
A
+
A
i V
V
p
p A

= A .
- l+ l-- +i + n ii i ti l-iil- l+i ni t :=ln( tn lni =+- t
V
V
p
p
0
0
A

= A
.
:= l-il- n l-- nn- ini
F = AAp =
V
V
p
A
0
0
A

=
kx x
V
p A
0
0
2
=

ti k =
0
0
2
V
p A
.
:= v+i l-- +i nl- =n ~i- nl- t +iii ~il-i e
0
0
2
MV
p A
M
k
= = e
~i l-i v =
t
=
t
e
2
1
2
0
0
2
MV
p A
.
9. Two vessels of volumes V
1
and V
2
contain the same ideal gas. The pressures in the vessels are p
1
and p
2
and
the temperatures are T
1
and T
2
respectively. The two vessels are now connected to each other through a
narrowtube. Assuming that no heat is exchanged between the surrounding and the vessels, find the common
pressure and temperatures attained after the connection.
V
1
V
2
~i--i + <i izii n =ni- ~i<zi n = ii t izii n <i -ii -i +nzi p
1
p
2
-ii T
1
T
2
t ~ <i -i
izii +i (+ = +i -ni ,ii (+ < = = i l<i i-i t izii vl- zi + i- -ni + ~i<i-v<i- +i -n
ni-- t( =i- + i< -il-a <i -i ai- +il(
Sol.
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 13
manishkumarphysics.in
The amount of the gas in vessel 1 is
1
1 1
1
RT
V p
n =
and that in vessel 2 is
2
2 2
2
RT
V p
n =
.
If p' and T be the common pressure and temperature after the connection is made, the amounts are
'
1
n
=
T R
V p
1
'
'
and
'
2
n
=
T R
V p
2
'
'
We have n
1
+ n
2
=
'
+
'
2 1
n n
or,
T R
V p
T R
V p
RT
V p
RT
V p
2 1
2
2 2
1
1 1
'
'
+
'
'
= +
or,
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
'
'
2
2 2
1
1 1
2 1
T
V p
T
V p
V V
1
T
p
or,
1 2 2 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
T V p T V p
) V V ( T T
p
T
+
+
=
'
'
......... (i)
As the vessels have fixed volume, no work is done by the gas plus the vessels system. Also, no heat is
exchanged with the surrounding. Thus, the internal energy of the total system remains constant.
The internal energy of an ideal gas is
U= nC
v
T
= C
v
R
pV
.
The internal energy of the gases before the connection
=
R
V p C
1 1 v
+
R
V p C
2 2 v
and after the connection
=
R
) V V ( p C
2 1 v
+ '
.
Neglectingthechange ininternal energyof thevessels (theheat capacityof thevessels is assumednegligible),
R
V p C
1 1 v
+
R
V p C
2 2 v
=
R
) V V .( p C
2 1 v
+ '
or,
2 1
2 2 1 1
V V
V p V p
p
+
+
= '
From(i),
1 2 2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1 2 1
T V p T V p
) V p V p ( T T
T
+
+
= '
gy
izi 1 n n = +i nizii
1
1 1
1
RT
V p
n =
-ii izi 2 n
2
2 2
2
RT
V p
n =
.
l< p' T =i- + i< -il-a <i -i t -i
'
1
n
=
T R
V p
1
'
'
~i
'
2
n
=
T R
V p
2
'
'
n
1
+ n
2
=
'
+
'
2 1
n n
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 14
manishkumarphysics.in
i
T R
V p
T R
V p
RT
V p
RT
V p
2 1
2
2 2
1
1 1
'
'
+
'
'
= +
i
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
'
'
2
2 2
1
1 1
2 1
T
V p
T
V p
V V
1
T
p
i
1 2 2 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
T V p T V p
) V V ( T T
p
T
+
+
=
'
'
......... (i)
- l+ izii +i ~i-- l-i t :=ln( n = + izii + l-+i ,ii +i: +i -ti l+i i-i t vl- zi + =ii -ni
+i ~i<i-v<i- ii -ti ti-i t := v+i +n l-+i +i ~i--l+ -i l-- t-i t
(+ ~i<zi n = +i ~i--l+ -i t
U= nC
v
T
= C
v
R
pV
.
=i - = n=i +i ~i--l+ -i
=
R
V p C
1 1 v
+
R
V p C
2 2 v
=i- + i< =
R
) V V ( p C
2 1 v
+ '
.
izii +i ~i--l+ -i n l-- -n ni-- t ( (izii +i -niiil-i -n ni-i t ),
R
V p C
1 1 v
+
R
V p C
2 2 v
=
R
) V V .( p C
2 1 v
+ '
i
2 1
2 2 1 1
V V
V p V p
p
+
+
= '
(i) =
1 2 2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1 2 1
T V p T V p
) V p V p ( T T
T
+
+
= '
10. 4 moles of an ideal gas having = 1.67 are mixed with 2 moles of another ideal gas having = 1.4. F i n d
the equivalent value of for the mixture.
(+ ~i<zi n= = 1.67 + 4 nini +i <=i ~i<zi n= = 1.4 + 2 nini + =ii lnnii i-i t lni + ln(
+i -- ni- ai- +il(
Sol. Let,
C
v
= molar heat capacity of the first gas,
v
C ' ' = molar heat capacityof the second gas,
C
v
= molar heat capacity of the mixture
and similar symbols for other quantities. Then,
67 . 1
C
C
v
p
=
'
'
=
and R C C
v p
+ ' = '
.
This gives R
2
3
C
v
= '
and R
2
5
C
p
= '
.
Similarly, = 1.4 gives
2
5
C
v
= '
R and
2
7
C
p
= ' '
R.
Suppose the temperature of the mixture is increased by dT. The increase in the internal energy of the first
gas = n
1 v
C' dT. The increase in internal energy of the second gas = n
2 v
C ' ' dT and the increase in internal
energy of the mixture = (n
1
+ n
2
) C
v
dT. Thus,
(n
1
+ n
2
) C
v
dT = n
1 v
C' dT + n
2 v
C ' ' dT
or,
2 1
2 v 1
v
n n
v C n C n
C
+
' ' + '
=
.......(i)
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 15
manishkumarphysics.in
C
p
= C
v
+
R
n n
C n C n
R
2 1
v 2 v 1
+
+
' ' + '
=
=
2 1
v 2 v 1
n n
) R C ( n ) R C ( n
+
+ ' ' + + '
=
2 1
p 2 p 1
n n
C n C n
+
' ' + '
......(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
v 2 v 1
p 2 p 1
v
p
C n C n
C n C n
C
C
' ' + '
' ' + '
= =
R
2
5
2 R
2
3
4
R
2
7
2 R
2
5
4
+
+
= 1.54
gy ni-i
C
v
= tni n= +i nin -ni iil-i,
v
C ' ' = <=i n= +i nin -ni iil-i,
C
v
= lni +i nin -ni iil-i
-ii ~- ilzii + ln( =n+-i = + -
67 . 1
C
C
v
p
=
'
'
=
-ii R C C
v p
+ ' = '
.
~- R
2
3
C
v
= '
-ii R
2
5
C
p
= '
.
:=i v+i, = 1.4 =
2
5
C
v
= '
R -ii
2
7
C
p
= ' '
R.
ni-i lni +i -i dT = c ii i-i t tni n = +i ~i--l+ -i n lz= n
1 v
C' dT < =i n = +i ~i--l+ -i
n lz = n
2 v
C ' ' dT -ii lni +i ~i--l+ -i n lz = (n
1
+ n
2
) C
v
dT := v+i
(n
1
+ n
2
) C
v
dT = n
1 v
C' dT + n
2 v
C ' ' dT
i
2 1
2 v 1
v
n n
v C n C n
C
+
' ' + '
=
.......(i)
C
p
= C
v
+
R
n n
C n C n
R
2 1
v 2 v 1
+
+
' ' + '
=
=
2 1
v 2 v 1
n n
) R C ( n ) R C ( n
+
+ ' ' + + '
=
2 1
p 2 p 1
n n
C n C n
+
' ' + '
......(ii)
(i) (ii) =
v 2 v 1
p 2 p 1
v
p
C n C n
C n C n
C
C
' ' + '
' ' + '
= =
R
2
5
2 R
2
3
4
R
2
7
2 R
2
5
4
+
+
= 1.54
11. Adiatomic gas ( = 1.4) does 200 J of work when it is expanded isobarically. Find the heat given to the gas
in the process.
(+ l,nii+ n= ( = 1.4) 200 J +i +-i t l+ := zi n -i+ = v=il- l+i i-i t v+n n n= +i
<i ni -ni ai- +il(
Sol. For a diatomic gas, C
v
=
2
5
R and C
p
=
2
7
R. The work done in an isobaric process is
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 16
manishkumarphysics.in
(+ l,nii+ n= + ln(, C
v
=
2
5
R C
p
=
2
7
R (+ =n<ii v+n n l+i ni +i
W = p(V
2
V
1
)
= nRT
2
nRT
1
or i T
2
T
1
=
nR
W
.
The heat given in an isobaric process is
(+ =n<ii v+n n <i n: -ni
Q= nC
p
(T
2
T
1
)
=
2
7
nR
W
nC
p
= W = J 200
2
7
= 700 J.
12. Calculate the ratio C
p
/ C
v
of oxygen from the following data. Speed of sound in oxygen at 0C= 315 m/s,
molecular weigth of oxygen = 32 g/mol and the gas constant R = 8.3 J/mol-K.
l--- ~i +i = ~i +=i- + ln( C
p
/ C
v
+i ni-i +i 0C ~i +=i- n l- +i n = 315 m/s, ~i+=i- +i
~iii = 32 g/mol -ii n= l--i+ R= 8.3 J/mol-K
Sol. The speed of sound in a gas is given by
(+ n = n l- +i n

=
P
v
=
M
RT
or i,
RT
Mv
2
= =
4 . 1
) K 273 )( K mol / J 3 . 8 (
) s / m 315 )( mol / kg 10 32 (
2 3
=

.
EXERCISE
1. Avessel containing one mole of a monatomic ideal gas (molecular weight = 20 g/mol) is moving on a floor at
a speed of 50m/s. The vessel is stopped suddenly. Assuming that the mechanical energy lost has gone into
the internal energy of the gas, find the rise in its temperature.
(+ niii ~i<zi n = + (+ ni n (~iil+ < ni- =20 g/mol) (+ izi n i t -ii +zi (floor) 50m/
s. = nl- + t t ~-i-+ izi +i i + l<i i-i t t ni-- t ( l+ il-zi+ -i n ri= n = +i ~i--l+ -i
n -ni i-i t. :=+ -ini- n lz ai- +i `
[Ans. 2.0K]
2. 5 g of a gas is contained in a rigid container and is heated from 15C to 25C. Specific heat capacity of the
gas at constant volume is 0.172 cal/gC and the mechanical equivalent of heat is 4.2 J/cal. Calculate the
change in the internal energy of the gas.
(+ < c izi n ii t : 5 n in n = +i 15C= 25C-+ nn l+i i-i t l-- ~i-- n = +i llzi -ni 0.172
+niininC -ii -ni +i ilzi+ - -i + 4.2 n+ nii t n = +i ~i -l+ -i n l- - +i ni-i +il
[Ans. 36J]
3. Figure shows a cylindrical container with vertical axis containing oxygen ( = 1.4) and closed by a 50 kg
frictionless piston. The area of cross-section is 100 cm
2
, atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and g is 10 m/s
2
.
The cylinder is slowly heated for some time. Find the amount of heat supplied to the gas if the piston moves
out through a distance of 20 cm. [HCV-II_3_Chp-27] [2]
l-zii- =i n-i+ izi n ~i+=i- ( = 1.4) +i 50 kg l+n i < ni- + ii ilt- l-- = -< l+i i-i t 100
cm
2
~- -i +i -i zi+n 100 kPa <i -ii g = 10 m/s
2
t n-i+i izi +i + z =n + ln( ii ii nn l+i
i-i t n= +i <i n: -ni +i ni-i +il( ~n l-- 20 cm nl- +-i t
Sol. Work done by gas = (P
atm
A + mg) Ax
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 17
manishkumarphysics.in
AW = (10
3
+ 500) .2
= 300 J
the process is isobaric
hence, Q = nC
p
AT
W = n RAT = 300 J
Q =
R
WC
P
= 300
|
|
.
|

\
|

v P
P
C C
C
= 300
2
7
= 1050 J Ans.
Alternate
the process is isobaric
hence, Q = nC
p
AT
=
1
R . n


AT =
1

PAV =
1

(P
0
+ Ax) Ax = 1050 J
4. The specific heat capacities of hydrogen at constant volume and at constant pressure are 2.4 cal/gCand
3.4 cal/gC respectively. The molecular weight of hydrogen is 2 g/mol and the gas constant R = 8.3 10
7
erg/molC. Calculate the value of J.
l-- ~i-- -ii l-- <i ti:i- +i llzi -ni +nzi 2.4 cal/gC -ii 3.4 cal/gC t ti:i- +i
~iil+ <ni- 2 g/mol -ii n= l--i+ R= 8.3 10
7
erg/molC t J + ni- +i +i-i +il( `
[Ans. 4.15 10
7
erg/cal]
5. The ratio of the molar heat capacities of an ideal gas is C
p
/ C
v
= 7/6. Calculate the change in internal energy
of 1.0 mole of the gas when its temperature is raised by 50 K (a) keeping the pressure constant, (b) keeping
the volume constant and (adiabatically).
(+ ~i<zi n = +i ni n -ni iil-i~i +i ~- i- C
p
/ C
v
= 7/6 t n = +i -ini- 50 K= c i l<i i-i t -i
1.0 nin n= +i ~i--l+ -i n l-- +i ni-i +il(
(a) <i +i l-- ni-- t( (b) ~i-- +i l-- ni-- t( ~i (c) zin v+n = +il(
[Ans. 2490 J in all cases]
6. A sample of air weighing 1.18g occupies 1.0 10
3
cm
3
when kept at 300 K and 1.0 10
5
Pa. When 2.0 cal
of heat is added to it at constant volume, its temperature increases by 1C. Calculate the amount of heat
needed to increases the temperature of air by 1Cat constant pressure if the mechanical equivalent of heat
is 4.2 10
7
erg/cal. Assume that air behaves as an ideal gas.
[Ans. 2.8 cal]
7. An ideal gas expands from 100 cm
3
to 200 cm
3
at a constant pressure of 2.0 10
5
Pa when 50 J of heat is
supplied to it. Calculate (a) the change in internal energy of the gas, (b) the number of moles in the gas if the
initial temperature is 300 K, (c) the molar heat capacity C
p
at constant pressure and (d) the molar heat
capacity C
v
at constant volume.
(+ ~i<zi n= 100 cm
3
= 200 cm
3
-+ l-- <i 2.0 10
5
Pa +n-i t := 50 n + i -ni <i
i-i t ai- +i (a) ~i--l+ -i n l- - , (b) ni ni +i = i l< vil-i+ -i 300 K t , (c) l-- <i ni n
-niiil-i C
p
-ii (d) l-- ~i-- nin -niiil-i C
v
[Ans. (a) 30 J, (b) 0.008, (c) 20.8 J/molK, (d) 12.5 J/molK]
8. An amount Qof heat is added to a monotomic ideal gas in a process in which the gas performa work Q/2 on
its surrounding. Find the molar heat capacity for the process.
(+ (+niii ~i<zi n = +i (+ +n n Q-ni <i i-i t l== t Q/2 iti i-ii (surrounding) +i
+-i t +n +i nin -ni iil-i +i ni-i +il( `
[Ans. 3 R]
9. An ideal gas is taken through a process in which the pressure and the volume are changed according to the
equation p = kV. Show that the molar heat capacity of the gas for the process is given by C = C
v
+
2
R
.
(+ ~i<zi n= +i (+ +n = := -t n ii i-i t l+ -=+ <i -ii ~i-- =ni+i p = kV ,ii ll--
ti- t t l=z +il( l+ n= +i nin -ni iil-i := +n n C= C
v
+
2
R
,ii <i i-i t
10. An ideal gas (C
p
/C
v
= ) is taken through a process in which the pressure and the volume vary as p = aV
b
.
Find the value of b for which the specific heat capacity in the process is zero.
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 18
manishkumarphysics.in
(+ ~i<zi n= (C
p
/C
v
= ) +i (= +n ,ii n ii i-i t l=n <i ~i ~i-- +n p = aV
b
. ,ii <n- t
b +i t ni- ai- +i l=+ ln +n +i llzi -ni zi - t
[Ans. ]
11. Two ideal gases have the same value of C
p
/C
v
= . What will be the value of this ratio for a mixture of the two
gases in the ratio 1 : 2?
<i ~i<zi n =i + ln C
p
/C
v
= . +i ni- =ni- t +i ni- :- n =i + ( = lni + ln ai- +il l=n n =
(+ ~i <i + ~- i- n t `
[Ans. ]
12. A mixture contains 1 mole of helium (C
p
= 2.5R, C
v
= 1.5 R) and 1 mole of hydrogen (C
p
= 3.5 R, C
v
= 2.5 R)
and 1 mole of hydrogen (Cp = 3.5 R, C
v
= 2.5 R). Calculate the value of C
p
, C
v
and for the mixture.
(+ lni n 1 nin tilnn (C
p
= 2.5R, C
v
= 1.5 R) -ii 1 nin ti:i - (C
p
= 3.5 R, C
v
= 2.5 R) t := lni +
ln C
p ,
C
v
-ii +i ni- ai- +il
[Ans. 3R, 2R, 1.5]
13. Half mole of an ideal gas ( = 5/3) is taken through the cycle abcda as shown in figure. Take R =
3
25
J/mol
K (a) Find the temperature of the gas in the states a, b, c and d. (b) Find the amount of heat supplied in the
processes ab and bc. (c) Find the amount of heat liberated in the processes cd and da.
(+ ~i<zi n= ( = 5/3) -+i +n abcda = nii i-i t R +i ni-
3
25
ni. l< nini +i =i
~iii t -i
(a) a, b, c -ii d. l-<~i -ini- ai- +i
(b) +n ab -ii bc n <i ni -ni ai- +i
(c) +n cd -ii da.n -=l- -ni +i ni- ai- +i
[Ans. (a) 120 K, 240 K, 480 K, 240 K, (b) 1250 J, 1500 J, (c) 2500 J, 750 J]
14. An ideal gas ( = 1.67) is taken through the process abc shown in figure. The temperature at the point a is
300 K. Calculate (a) the temperatures at b and c, (b) the work done in the process, (c) the amount of heat
supplied in the path ab and in the path bc and (d) the change in the internal energy of the gas in the process.
l-zi n <zii ~-=i (+ ~i<zi n= ( = 1.67) +i l+i abc = n i- t a l-< -i 300 K. t ai- + (a)
b -ii c, -i (b) l+i n l+i ni +i (c) i ab -ii bc n <i n: -ni
(d) l+i n ~i--l+ -i n l--
[Ans. (a) 600 K, 900 K, (b) 10 J, (c) 14.9 J, 24.9 J, (b) 29.8]
15. In Jolys differential steam calorimeter, 3g of an ideal gas is contained in a rigid closed sphere at 20C. The
sphere is heated by steam at 100C and it is found that an extra 0.095 g of steam has condensed into water
as the temperature of the gas becomes constant. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the gas in J/gK.
The latent heat of vaporization of water = 540 cal/g.
i In Jolys differential steamcalorimeter, 3g of an ideal gas is contained in a rigid closed sphere at 20C. The
sphere is heated by steam at 100C and it is found that an extra 0.095 g of steam has condensed into water
as the temperature of the gas becomes constant. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the gas in J/gK.
The latent heat of vaporization of water = 540 cal/g. i
[Ans. 0.90 J/gK]
16. The volume of an ideal gas ( = 1.5) is changed adiabatically from 4.00 litres to 3.00 litres. Find the ratio of
(a) the final pressure to the initial pressure and (b) the final temperature to the initial temperature.
i The volume of an ideal gas ( = 1.5) is changed adiabatically from 4.00 litres to 3.00 litres. Find the ratio of
(a) the final pressure to the initial pressure and (b) the final temperature to the initial temperature. i
[Ans. (a) 1.54, (b) 1.15]
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 19
manishkumarphysics.in
17. An ideal gas at pressure 2.5 10
5
Pa and temperature 300Koccupies 100 cc. It is adiabatically compressed
to half its original volume. Calculate (a) the final pressure, (b) the final temperature and (c) the work done by
the gas in the process. Take = 1.5.
(+ ~i<zi n = <i 2.5 10
5
i-+n ( -i 300K 100 = ni.
3
~i-- i -i t :=+i zi n = ~ii ~i--
-+ =il- +- t ai- +
(a) the final pressure, (b) the final temperature and (c) the work done by the gas in the process. Take = 1.5
(a) ~l--n <i (b) ~l--n -i -ii (c) l+i n n= ,ii l+i ni +i ( = 1.5) n
[Ans. (a) 7.1 10
5
Pa, (b) 424 K, (c) 21 J]
18. Air ( = 1.4) is pumped at 2 atm pressure in a motor tyre at 20C. If the tyre suddenly bursts, what would be
the temperature of the air coming out of the tyre. Neglect any mixing with the atmospheric air.
2 inni <i ( 20C. ni i n ti ( = 1.4) ii ni t l< i ~-i-+ + i . -i it ~i-
ini ti +i -i +i ti ni i nni ti = :=+i lni -n ni-
[Ans. 240 K]
19. A gas is enclosed in a cylindrical can fitted with a piston. The walls of the can and the piston are adiabatic.
The initial pressure, volume and temperature of the gas are 100 kPa, 400 cm
3
and 300 K respectively. The
ratio of the specific heat capacities of the gas is C
p
/C
v
= 1.5. Find the pressure and the temperature of the
gas if it is (a) suddenly compressed (b) slowly compressed to 100 cm
3
.
l-- nn t ( n- n (+ n = ii t l-- -ii n- +i <ii -nii ii t n = +i il-i+ <i . ~i-- -ii -i
+nzi 100 kPa, 400 cm
3
( 300 Kt n = +i llzi -ni~i +i ~- i- C
p
/C
v
= 1.5. t n = + <i ( -i ai-
+i l< :=
(a) ~-i-+ =il- (b) ii ii = il- ++ 100 cm
3
.~i-- -+ ni- t
[Ans. 800 kPa, 600K in both cases]
20. The intial pressure and volume of a given mass of a gas (C
p
/C
v
= ) are p
0
and V
0
. The gas can exchange heat
with surrounding. (a) It is slowly compressed to a volume V
0
/2 and then suddenly compressed to V
0
/4. Find
thefinal pressure. (b) If thegas is suddenlycompressedfromthevolumeV
0
toV
0
/2andthen slowlycompressed
to V
0
/4, what will be the final pressure?
l< n < ni- +i n = (C
p
/C
v
= ) + il-i+ <i ( ~i-- +nzi p
0
-ii V
0
.t n =. i-ii = -ni +i ~i<i-
<i- + =+-i t
(a) It is slowly compressed to a volume V
0
/2 and then suddenly compressed to V
0
/4. Find the final pressure.
(b) If the gas is suddenly compressed from the volume V
0
to V
0
/2 and then slowly compressed to V
0
/4, what
will be the final pressure?
(a) :=+i ii ii V
0
/2 ~i-- -+ = il- +- t -ii i< n ~-i-+ V
0
/4, ~i-- -+ = il- +- t ~l--n
<i ai- +i (b) l< n = +i - i = ~i-- V
0
= V
0
/2 -+ = il- l+i i -ii i< n ii = V
0
/4 -+ = il-
+- t ~l--n <i ai- +i
[Ans. 2
+1
p
0
in both cases]
21. Consider a given sample of an ideal gas (C
p
/C
v
= ) having initial pressure p
0
and volume V
0
. (a) The gas is
isothermally taken to a pressure p
0
/2 and from there adiabatically to a pressure p
0
/4. Find the final volume.
(b) The gas is brought back to its initial state. It is adiabatically taken to a pressure p
0
/2 and from there
isothermally to a pressure p
0
/4. Find the final volume.
~i<zi n= (C
p
/C
v
= ) + l< n -n- +i n l=+ il-i+ <i p
0
-ii ~i-- V
0
. t (a) n = +i =n-ii =
<i p
0
/2 -+ n i- t -ii ti = := zin = <i p
0
/4. -+ n i- t ~l--n ~i-- ai- +i
(b) n = +i i= - il-i+ ~-ii -+ ni- t :=+i zi n = <i p
0
/2 -+ n i- t -ii ti = := =n-ii
= p
0
/4. <i -+ n i- t ~l--n ~i-- ai- +i
[Ans. 2
(+1)
/

V
0
in each cases]
22. Asample of an ideal gas ( = 1.5) is compressed adiabatically from a volume of 150 cm
3
to 50 cm
3
. The initial
pressure and the initial temperature are 150 kPa and 300 K. Find (a) the number of moles of the gas in the
sample, (b) the molar heat capacity at constant volume, (c) the final pressure and temperature, (d) the work
done by the gas in the process and (e) the change in internal energy if the gas.
~i<zi n = ( = 1.5) + (+ -n - +i zi n = ~i-- 150 cm
3
= 50 cm
3
. -+ = il- +- t il-i+ <i (
il-i+ -i +nzi 150 kPa -ii 300 K. t ai- + (a) -n - n n = + ni ni +i = i (b) l-i ~i-- ni n -ni
iil-i (c) ~l--n -i ( <i (d) := l+i n n = ,ii l+i ni +i -ii (e) n = +i ~i--l+ -i n l- -
[Ans. (a) 0.009, (b) 2R = 16.6 J/molK, (c) 780 kPa, 520 K, (d) 33 J, (e) 33 J]
23. Three samples A, B and C of the same gas ( = 1.5) have equal volumes and temperatures. The volume of
each sample is doubled, the process being isothermal for A, adiabatic for B and isobaric for C. If the final
pressures are equal for the three samples, find the ratio of the initial pressures.
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 20
manishkumarphysics.in
=ni- n= ( = 1.5) + -i- -n-i A, B -ii C + ~i-- ( -i =ni- t + -n- +i ~i-- <n-i +- t. A,
+ ln( l+i =n-ii t . B+ ln( l+i zi n t -ii C+ ln( =n<ii t l< -i- -n -i + ~l--n <i =ni-
ti . -i il-i+ <ii +i ~- i- ai- +i
[Ans. 2 : 2
2
: 1]
24. Two samples Aand Bof the same gas have equal volumes and pressures. The gas in sampleAis expanded
isothermally to double its volume and the gas in B is expanded adiabatically to double its volume. If the work
done by the gas is the same for the two cases, shown that satisfies the equation 1 2
1
= (1) n2.
=ni- n = + <i -n- A-ii B + ~i-- ( <i =ni- t n= -n - A +i =n-ii = <n- ~i-- -+ =il-
+- t -ii n = -n - B+i zi n = < n - ~i-- -+ =il- +- t l< <i -i l-il-i n n = ,ii l+i ni
+i =ni- ti . -i <zii l+ l--- =ni+i +i =-- +ni 1 2
1
= (1) n2.
25. 1 litre of an ideal gas ( = 1.5) at 300 K is suddenly compressed to half its original volume. (a) Find the ratio
of the final pressure to the initial pressure. (b) If the original pressure is 100 kPa, find the work done by the
gas in the process. (c) What is the change in internal energy? (d) What is the final temperature? (e) The gas
is now cooled to 300 K keeping its pressure constant. Calculate the work done during the process. (f) The
gas is now expanded isothermally to achieve its original volume of 1 litre. Calculate the work done by the
gas. (g) Calculate the total work done in the cycle.
1 ni ~i<zi n = ( = 1.5) +i 300 K-ini- - i = il-i+ ~i-- + ~ii ~i-- -+ = il- +- t (a)
il-i+ <i ( ~l--n <i +i ~- i- ai- +i (b) l< n n<i 100 kPa, ti . -i l+i n n = ,ii l+i ni +i
ai- +i (c) ~i--l+ -i n +i l- - ti ni `(d) ~l--n -i +i t ` (e) ~ n = +i 300 K-i -+ <i l-i
i- t( ai +- t l+i n l+ n +i +i ni-i +il(
(f) n = +i ~ =n-ii = nn ~i-- 1 litre. -+ =il- +- t n= ,ii l+ n +i +i ni-i +il(
[Ans. (a) 2
2
, (b) 82 J, (c) 82 J, (d) 424 K, (e) 41.4 J, (f) 103 J, (g) 23.4 J]
26. Figure shows a cylindrical tube with adiabatic walls and fitted with an adiabatic separator. The separator can
be slid into the tube by an external mechanism. An ideal gas ( = 1.5) is injected in the two sides at equal
pressures and temperatures. The separator remains in equilibrium at the middle. It is now slid to a position
where it divides the tube in the ratio 1 : 3. Find the ratio of the temperatures in the two parts of the vessel.
l-zi n zi n <iii ini (+ n-i+i -ln+i <zii i ni t l=n (+ zi n lii+ nni t lii+ . -ln+i
n in = zi = =+ii i =+-i t <i -i iini n =ni- <i ( -i +i +i ~i<zi n = ( = 1.5) +i i- t lii+
n n =i--ii n t-i t ~ := =+i+ -= l-il- n ni- t ti -ln+i 1 : 3. + ~- i- n i-i t -ln+i
+ <i -i iini n -i +i ~-i- ai- +i
[Ans.
3
: 1]
27. Figure shows two rigid vessels Aand B each of volume 200 cm
3
containing an ideal gas (C
v
=12.5 J/molK).
The vessels are connected to a monometer tube containing mercury. The pressure in both the vessels is
75cmof mercury and the temperature is 300 K. (a) Find the number of mole of the gas in each vessel. (b) 5.0
J of heat is supplied to the gas in the vessel Aand 10 J to the gas in the vessel B. Assuming no appreciable
transfer of heat fromAtoBcalculatethe differencein theheights of mercury in the two sides of themanometer.
Gas constant R = 8.3 J/molK.
[Ans. (a) 0.008, (b) 12.5 cm]
28. Figure shows two vessels with adiabatic walls, one containing 0.1 g of helium ( = 1.67); M = 4 g/mol) and
the other containing some amount of hydrogen ( = 1.4, M = 2) g/mol.) Initially, the temperatures of the two
gases are equal. The gases are electrically heated for some time during which equal amounts of heat are
given to the two gases. It is found that the temperatures rise through the same amount in the two vessels.
Calculate the mass of hydrogen.
l-zi n zin <iii in <i -- <zii n t . (+ n 0.1 g n in tilnn ( = 1.67; M= 4 g/mol) -ii < = n + z
nizii n ti: i - ( = 1.4, M= 2) g/mol.) t i-i n <i -i n=i + -i =ni- t n =i +i +z =n -+ l -
= nn +- t l== <i -i n =i +i =ni- -ni <i i-i t t ii i-i t l+ <i-i - -i n -i lz =ni- ti -i t
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 21
manishkumarphysics.in
ti:i- +i <ni- ai- +il(
[Ans. 0.03 g]
29. Two vessel Aand Bof equal volume V
0
are connected by a narrown tube which can be closed by a valve. The
vessels are fitted with pistons which can be moved to change the volumes. Initially, the valve is open and the
vessels contain an ideal gas (C
p
/C
v
= ) at atmospheric pressure p
0
and atmospheric temperature T
0
. The
walls of the vessel Aare diathermic and those of B are adiabatic. The valve is nowclosed and the pistons are
slowly pulled out to increase the volumes of the vessels to double the original value. (a) Find the temperatures
and pressures in the two vessels. (b) The valve is nowopened for sufficient time so that the gases acquire a
common temperature and pressure. Find the newvalues of the temperature and the pressure.
=ni- ~i-- V
0
in <i izi A-ii B(+ -ni -ln+i ,ii i i- t . l=+i (+ i- ,ii < l+i i =+-i
t izii n l-- nn t ( t l-+ ,ii ~i-- <ni i =+-i t i-i n i- i ni t -ii izi n (+ ~i<zi n =
(C
p
/C
v
= ) i nni <i p
0
-ii i nni -i T
0
. ii t izi A +i <ii -ni = n iti -ii izi B+i
<ii -nii ii t ~ i- +i -< +- t -ii l--i +i ii ii ii -+ izii +i ~i-- n n ~i-- +i < n -i
+- t (a) <i -i izii n <i ( -i ai- +i (b) ~ i- +i i -- =n -+ ii n- t l== n = -il- -i
( <i i-- +-i t - -i ( <i ai- +i
[Ans. (a) T
0
,
2
p
0
in the vessel A and T
0
/2
1
, p
0
/2

in vessel B, (b) T
0
, p
0
/2]
30. Figure shows an adiabatic cylindrical tube of volume V
0
divided in two parts by a frictionless adiabatic
separator. Initially, the separator is kept in the middle, an ideal gas at pressure p
1
and temperature T
1
is
injected into the left part and another ideal gas at pressure p
2
and temperature T
2
is injected into the right
part. C
p
/C
v
= is the same for both the gases. The separator is slid slowly and is released at a position where
it can stay in equilibrium. Find (a) the volumes of the two parts, (b) the heat given to the gas in the left part
and (c) the final common pressure of the gases.
l-zi n V
0
~i-- +i -nii ii n-i+i -ln+i <zii i ni t . l=+i ii i lt- -nii ii lii+ ,ii <i i iini
n ii ni t i-i n lii+ +i n n i- t (+ ~i<zi n = +i <i p
1
-ii -i T
1
i iin n i- t
-ii < =i ~i<zi n = +i <i p
2
-ii T
2
<i iin n i- t C
p
/C
v
= . <i -i n =i + ln( =ni- t . lii+ +i
ii = =+i+ -=i l-il- = zi - t ti =i--ii n t ai- +i (a) <i -i iini + ~i-- (b) i iin n <i
n: -ni (c) n=i +i ~l--n -il- <i
[4]
[Ans. (a)
A
V p
,
A
V p
0
/ 1
2
0
/ 1
1

, (b) zero, (c) (A/2)

where A = p
1
1/y
+p
2
1/
]
31. An adiabatic cylindrical tube of cross-sectiona area 1 cm
2
is closed at one end and fitted with a piston
at the other end. The tube contains 0.03g of an ideal gas. A 1 atm pressure and at the temperature of
the surrounding, the length of the gas column is 40 cm. The piston is suddenly pulled out to double the
length of the column. The pressure of the gas falls to 0.355 atm. Find the speed of sound in the gas at
atmospheric temperature.
1 cm
2
~- -i +i +i (+ -nii ii n-i+i -ln+i +i (+ l=i -< t -ii <= l= l-- nni t -ln+i
n 0.03g n in ~i<zi n = t 1 inni <i ( i-ii + -i n = ---i +i n-i: 40 cm.t l-- +
< - t n = +i <i ln+ 0.355 atm. i nni ti i-i t i nni -i n = n l- +i n ai- +i
[Ans. 447 m/s]
32. The speed of sound in hydrogen at 0C is 1280 m/s. The density of hydrogen at STP is 0.089 kg/m
3
.
Calculate the molar heat capacities C
p
and C
v
of hydrogen.
0C ti: i - n l- +i -in1280 ni= t ni-+ -i ( <i ti: i - +i i- 0.089 l+n i/ni
3
t ti: i -
+i ni n llzi -ni~i C
p
-ii C
v
+i ni-i +il
[Ans. 18.0 J/molK, 26.3 J/molK]
Chapter # 27 Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
Page # 22
manishkumarphysics.in
33. 4.0 g of helium occupies 22400 cm
3
at STP. The specific heat capacity of helium at constant pressure
is 5.0 cal/molK. Calculate the speed of sound in helium at STP.
ni-+ -i ( <i 4.0 nin tilnn 22400 =ni
3
~i-- i-i t l-- <i tilnn +i llzi -ni 5.0
+niininK t ni-+ -i ( <i tilnn n l- +i -in +i ni-i +il
[Ans. 960 m/s]
34. An ideal gas having density 1.7 10
3
g/cm
3
at a pressure 1.5 10
5
Pa is filled in a Kundts tube. When
the gas is resonated at frequency of 3.0kHz, nodes are formed at a separation of 6.0 cm. Calculate the
molar heat capacities C
p
and C
v
of the gas.
1.7 10
3
n in= ni
3
i- ini (+ ~i<zi n = 1.5 10
5
i-+n <i + -ni n ii t : t n = +i 3.0
l+ni t ~i l-i ~- -il<- +ii i-i t . 6.0 = ni < i l-- < -- t n = +i ni n llzi -ni~i C
p
(
C
v
+i ni-i +il
[Ans. 26 J/molK, 17.7 J/molK]
35. Standing waves of frquency 5.0 kHz are produced in a tube filled with oxygen at 300 K. The separation
between the consecutive nodes us 3.3 cm. Calculate the specific heat capacities C
p
and C
v
of the gas.
300 K-i ~i +=i- = ii t : (+ -ni n 5.0 l+ni t ~i l-i +i ~ nini - n --- ti -i t <i +nin- l-- <i
+ i- +i < i 3.3 = ni t n = +i llzi -ni~i C
p
( C
v
+i ni-i +il
[Ans. 29.0 J/molK, 20.7 J/molK]