Microbiology Mnemonics

Meningitis: most common organisms NHS:

Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus Influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
The cause of the most Severe meningitis is Streptococcus.
Note: NHS is an acronym for National Health Service in several countries.
Syphilis vs. H. ducreyi (chancroid): which ulcer is painful
"In du-crey-i you do cry !"ecause it is painful#":
In H. ducreyi the ulcer is painful in syphilis the ulcer is painless.
Diphtheria toin properties !"#D$%:
!&"-type to$in. %ade "y
#oryne"acterium diphtheriae &hich "inds to
$%-' !elongation factor '#.
'N! viruses: negative stranded "!l&ays "ring
(olymerase )r %ail 'eplication":
!rena
"unya
(aramy$o
)rthomy$o
%ilo
'ha"do
Note: Negative (N) viruses need there o&n polymerase.
(icorna viridae: members ($$#o'n! !*icorna is
pronounced +pee-corna+#
(oliovirus
$chovirus
$nterovirus
#oronavirus
"'+novirus" !(hinovirus#
Hepatitis !
Streptococcus pneumoniae: diseases caused #)M(S:
#on,unctivitis
)titis media
Meningitis
(neumonia
Sinusitis
#atalase positive organims S(!#$:
Staphylococcus aureus
(seudomonas
!spergillus
#andida
$ntero"acter
*rease positive organisms (*N#H:
(roteus !leads to al-aline urine#
*reaplasma !renal calculi#
Nocardia
#ryptoccocus !the fungus#
Helico"acter pylori
+accines: types S,!'-:
Su"unit
,o$oid
!ttenuated .live/
'ecom"inant
-illed .inactivated/
!.DS pathogens (,/cell suppression) worth 0nowing ",he
Ma,or (athogens #oncerning #omplete ,-#ell
#ollapse":
,o$oplasma gondii
M. avium intracellulare
(neumocystis carinii
#andida al"icans
#ryptococcus neoformans
,u"erculosis
#%0
#ryptosporidium parvum
,etanus: treatment for infection S!D '!,:
Sedation
!ntito$in
De"ridement
'ela$ant
!nti"iotic
,racheostomy
(lacenta/crossing organisms& antenatal .nfections S,!'#H:
Syphilis
,o$oplasmosis
!I1S !HI0#
'u"ella
#%0
Herpes2 Hepatitis
,yphus: $pidemic ,yphus: etiologic agent1 vector e(idemic
typhus:
3tiological agent: (ic-ettsia (ro&aze-ii.
0ector: (ediculus corporis !human "ody louse#.
This is in contrast to 3ndemic typhus.
#apsulated bacteria "Some "acteria Have
!n $ffective (aste Surrounding Mem"rane 2ielding
(seudo %ort "ypassing -illing":
Strep pneumonia
"acteroides
H. influenza
!nthra$ !4. anthracis#
$. coli
(asteurella
Salmonella
Menigitidis !N. %enigitidis#
2ersinia pestis
(seudomonas
%rancisella
"rucella
-le"siella
Hepatitis: transmission routes "+owels are bowels":
Hepatitis ! and $ transmitted "y fecal/oralroute.
#apsulated microbes "Some Nasty -illers
Have Some #apsule (rotection":
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
-le"siella pnemoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
#ryptococcus neoformans
(seudomanas aerigenosa
(neumonia: causes: gram negative vs. gram positive 5ram Negatives
!eg coliforms# are responsi"le mainly for Nosocomial pneumonia.
5ram positives !eg strep pneumonia staph# are thus more responsi"le for
community ac6uired pneumonia.
.nfluen3a infection: clinical manifestations "Having
%lu Symptoms #an Ma-e Moaning #hildren
! Nightmare":
Headache
%ever
Sore throat
#hills
Myalgias
Malaise
#ough
!nore$ia
Nasal congestion
*,./causing microorganisms -$$(S:
-le"siella
$nterococcus faecalis2 $ntero"acter cloacae
$. coli
(seudomonas aeroginosa2 (roteus mira"ilis
Staphylococcus saprophyticcus2 Serratia marcescens
(sedomonas aeruginosa: features !$'*4.N)S!:
!ero"ic
$$oto$in )
'od2 'esistance
*TIs "urns in,uries
4reen-"lue dressings
.ron-containing lesions
Negative gram
)dor of grapes
Slime capsule sometimes !in 78 pt#
!dherin pili
,ooplasma gondii: manifestations "My #at $ats
Mice":
Mononucleosis-li-e illness
#horioretinits2 #ongenital infection
$ncephalitis
Myocarditis
#hlamydia: elementary vs. initial body location $lementary:
$$tracellular
.nitial: .ntracellular
,rypanosoma brucei: disease caused "I &ent on a ,'2(
to !%'.#!":
,'2(anosoma "rucei causes !%'.#!n sleeping sic-ness
'N! enveloped viruses %)', !"# (uerto 'ico:
%lavivirus2 %ilo
)rthomy$o
'etro
,oga
!rena
"unya
#orona
(aramy$o
'ha"do
,eratogens: placenta/crossing organisms ,o'#HeS:
,o$oplasma
'u"ella
#%0
Herpes simple$ Herpes zoster !varicella# Hepatitis 473
Syphilis
)lternatively: ,)'#H$S: &ith )thers !parvo listeria# add HI0
to H+s $nteroviruses.
$. coli: ma5or subtypes1 0ey point of each "H., "y 3.
coli out"rea-":
3nteroHemorrhagic:
H9S from Ham"urgers
3ntero.nvasive:
.mmune-mediated .nflammation
3ntero,o$igenic:
,raveller+s diarrhea
)bligate anaerobes: members worth 0nowing !"#:
!ctinomyces
"acteroides
#lostridium
#ommon cold: viral causes "7ommon cold !acute infectious
rhinitis coryza# is ('.M!rily caused "y":
(aramy$oviruses
'hinoviruses
.nfluenza viruses
My$oviruses
!denoviruses
Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused N.((6$S:
Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
.mpetigo
(haryngitis
(neumonia
6ymphangitis
$rysipelas and cellulitis
Scarlet fever2 Streptococcal TSS
(icornavirus: features (.#)'N!virus:
(ositive sense
.#)sahedral
'N!virus
Neisseria: fermentation of N. gonorrhoeae vs. N. meningitidis
4onorrhoeae: 4lucose fermenter only.
Menin4itidis: Maltose and 4lucose fermenter.
%altose fermentation is a useful property to -no& since it+s the classic test
to distinguish the Neisseria types.
'N! viruses: negative stranded ")rthodo$ 'hab"i+s
(arty !round %ine "unnies":
)rthomy$o
'habdo
(aramy$o
!rena
%ilo
"unya
'N! viruses: positive stranded "(ico #alled
%lavio ,o 'eturn 'enzo+s #orona":
(icorna
#alici
%lavi
,oga
'etro
'eo
#orona
$ndocarditis: lab results suggesting it "High ,ech
6a" 'esults (oint !t $ndocarditis":
Hematuria
,hrom"ocytopenia
6eu-ocytosis -penia
'ed "lood cell casta
(roteinuria
!nemia
$levated 3S(
$ndocarditis: causes of culture negative endocarditis "7ith
Negative ,ests .nvestigators Should %ocus
!ttention Some&here Meaningful":
7rong diagnosis
Noninfectious endocarditis
,iming !cultures dra&n at end of chronic course#
o"ligate .ntracellular organisms
Slo& gro&ing fastidious organisms
%ungal infection
!nti"iotic used previously
Su"acute right-sided endocarditis
Mural endocarditis
$ndocarditis: indications for surgery (*S '.+$':
(rosthetic valve endocarditis !most cases#
*ncontrolled infection
Supporative local complications &ith conduction a"normalities
'esection of mycotic aneurysm
.neffective antimicro"ial therapy !eg 0s fungi#
+alvular damage !significant#
$m"olization !repeated systemic#
'efractory congestive heart failure
Meningitis: ris0 factors "#an .nduce Severe
!ttac-s )f Head (!.NS":
#ancer
.mmunocompromised state
Sinusitis
!ge e$tremes
)titis
Head trauma
(arameningeal infection
!lcoholism
.nfections !systemic esp. respiratory#
Neurosurgical procedures
Splenectomy
H.+ infection: high/ris0 groups H.+:
Homose$uals2 Hemophiliacs
.+drug a"users
,richomaniasis: features : 8+s:
%lagella
%rothy discharge
%ishy odor !sometimes#
%ornication !ST1#
%lagyl !metronidazole# ($
Nematodes: ones spreading by egg ingestion "!,$ eggs":
!scaris ;um"ricoides
,richuris trichuira
$ntero"ius vermicularis
spread "y ingestion of eggs !vs s-in invasion or insect "ite#
%ood poisoning: bugs inducing "$ating #ontaminated
Stuff #auses +ery "ig Smelly +omit":
$. coli <=:>-H> .undercoo-ed meat esp. ham"urgers/
#lostridium "otulinum .canned foods/
Salmonella .poultry meat eggs/
+i"rio parahaemolyticus .seafood/
"acillus cereus .reheated rice/
Staphylococcus aureus .meats mayo custard/
#lostridium perfringens .reheated meat/
+i"rio vulnificus .seafood/
"89 virus: at/ris0 groups "=? affects @ "+s:
"a"ies !:th disease infectiousum erythematosa#
"lac- "leeders !sic-le cell anemics - anaplastic anemic crisis#
"earing "a"ies .pregnant &omen/ !hydrops fetalis#
.g! protease/producing bacteria "Nice Strip of Ham":
Neisseria
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Hemophilius: culture re:uirements (ead Hemophilus as "Hemo8ive":
Needs Heme &ith 8actors %iveand Ten.
DN! viruses: morphology rule of thumb DN!:
Dou"le-stranded
Nuclear replication
+!nhedral symmetry
(ule "rea-ers: po$ !cytoplasmic# parvo !single-stranded#.
Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors SM!SH$D:
Streptolysins
M protein
!nti-7:a peptidase
Strepto-inase
Hyaluronidase
$$oto$in
DN)ses
4ram positive stain 5ram (ositives
Stain (urple !violet-"lue#
"ecause of their thic- (eptidoglycan layer
4ram;: bacterial cell wall 5ram; has:
;hic- pepidoglycan layer.
;eichoic acid in &all.
6isteria: motility Istan"ul sounds li-e 6istambul A
list B tumble.
6isteria has tumblingmotility.
Staphylococci: novobiocin test to distinguish coagulase negative
staphylococci Staph epidermidis stays a&ay from the novo"iocin
disc li-e an epidemic.
Therefore epidermidis is sensitive to novo"iocin.
Staph saprophyticus much friendlier comes up to the disc and says "<sap=+"
.short for "&hassupC" ie "&hat+s up"/.
Therefore saprophyticus is novo"iocin resistant.
!cute post/streptococcal glomerulonephritis: classic presentation
"Sore throat 8ace bloat *iDD co0e":
Sore throat: = &ee- ago
8ace bloat: facial edema
*iDD co0e: co-e-coloured urine
)lternatively short version: ",hroat bloat and co0e".
Streptococci: classification by hemolytic ability 4amma:
4ar"age !no hemolytic activity#.
!lpha: !lmost !almost lyse "ut incomplete#.
"eta: "est !complete lysis#.
Streptococci: >uellung reaction: positive sign1 Strep type confirmed
?>uell/lung":
>uell: 7apsules swell .Bve test/.
6ung: S. pnuemonia .type confirmed/.
Eou get pneumonia in your lung.
$. coli: diseases caused in presence of virulence factors
D*N4:
Diarrhea
*TI
Neonatal meningitis
4ram negative sepsis
1ung since contract 3. coli from dung-contaminated &ater.
Streptococcus pyrogenes: antibody S(!M:
Streptococcus (yogenes: !nti"ody to Mprotein.
Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused S)%, (!.NS:
S-in infections
)steomyelitis
%ood poisoning
,o$ic shoc- syndrome
(neumonia
!cute endocarditis
.nfective arthritis
Necrotizing fasciitis
Sepsis
4ram staining: mechanism "%urein gets the red out" .)llusion
to an old eye-&ash slogan/:
*eptidoglycan !a-a murein# remains purple during 5ram staining. The 5ram
negatives devoid of murein are red.
Thus murein prevents redness and are purple !positive#.
$ntameoba histolytica: disease caused1 action $nt!moeba
causes !moebic dys$ntery.
)ction: histo !cell# lytic !"urst# so it "ursts cells.
#lostridium difficile: disease caused "Difficult to
"e in a #loset &ith someone having eplosive foul smelling
diarrhea "ecause it &ould smell and there &ould "e no air in there.
#lostridium Difficile causes eplosive foul smelling diarrhea
and is an anaeor"e !no air#.
(neumonia: acute pneumonia infiltrates from different causes
"(yrogenicA(%N MiscellaneousAMononuclear":
)cute pneumonia caused "y (yogenic "acteria: (%N infiltrate.
)cute pneumonia caused "y Miscellaneous micro"es: Mononuclear
infiltrate.
-lebsiella details Eou tell the patient: "4et *(S you
fat alcoholic":
*TI
(neumonia
Sepsis
%at capsule
5et upAnonmotile since no flagella.
)lcoholicAcommonly seen in alcoholicand nosocomial patients.
(seudomonas details See diagram of patient.
*atient: "ug commonly infects nosocomial.
<$ygen tan-: o$idase positive.
I0 "ag: has glucose and lactose so its <F to give "ecause its a nonlactose
fermenter.
Ghy giving o$ygenC 4ecause it commonly caused pneumonia.
I0 in the arm: supposed to signify sepsis.
The foley: 9TI.
4urn on his foot: can infect "urns.
6eprosy: early signs diagnostic criteria "6$(rosy":
6oss of sensation in affected s-in2 6oss of function !paralysis#
$nlargement of affected superficial nerves !tender too#
(ositive identification of %. leprae under microscope
-idney transplant virus ""orro&ed -idney":
"-virus is associated &ith -idney transplants.
$ndotoin features $ND),)@.N:
$ndothelial cells2 $dema
Negative !gram- "acteria#
DI72 Death
)uter mem"rane
,N8
)-antigen
@-tremely heat sta"le
.;-=
Nitric o$ide2 Neutrophil chemota$is
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: culture identification "'ough1
,ough1 "uff?:
'ough: colony isn+t smooth "ut rough li-e "readcrum"s.
,ough: colony stuc- to plate &ell and tough to remove.
"uff: "uff is a color a cream2coffee shade.
+ibrio: motility "+ibrio +ibrates":
0i"rio is a genus of actively motile "acteria.