College of DuPage

Associate Degree Nursing Program

Course Syllabus
Fall 2009

A. Course title and number:

Nursing 1207, The Childbearing Family

B. Course Description:
Nursing care of the woman and family during the reproductive years. Focus on the childbearing
process and wellness of the family in the childbearing years. Women’s health is emphasized.
Adverse outcomes of pregnancy and care of the well and hospitalized child and family are
presented. Clinical experiences include acute and/or non-acute settings.

5 Semester credit hours

Lecture 2.5
Lab 1.0
Clinical 6.0

Pre-requisite criteria: Nursing 1104 and 1105, Psychology 2237 or concurrent enrollment

C. General Course Objectives:

At the completion of this course, the student should be able to:
1. Utilize professional, ethical and legal principles when caring for patients. (Ia, Ie, If, IVc)
2. Effectively communicate with patients, significant support persons and members of the
healthcare team to promote safe, effective care. (Id, IIa, IIb, IVa)
3. Identify critical assessment data accessing multiple sources when caring for patients.
(Ia, Ie, IIa, IIb)
4. Apply critical thinking and clinical reasoning in the evaluation of assessment data to plan
care. (IIIa, IIIb)
5. Prioritize therapeutic nursing interventions for patients. (Ia, Ic, Ie)
6. Deliver compassionate and culturally sensitive care to maintain or enhance patient health.
(Ib, Iva, Ivb, Va, Vb, Vc)
7. Implement teaching plans that address healthcare needs. (Ia, Ie)
8. Modify teaching plans for patients and their families to achieve identified learning
outcomes.(Ia, Ib, Id, Ie, If, IIa, IIb, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVb, Va)
9. Participate in collaborative relationships with patients, significant support persons and
members of the healthcare team for the purpose of providing or enhancing patient care.
(Id, Ie, IIa, IIb, IIc, IVb, Va)
10. Delegate aspects of patient care to qualified assistive personnel when managing patient
care. (Ia, Id, Ie)
11. Analyze the differences between the professional role of the nurse in a specialized care
unit/general medical-surgical unit. (Ic, IIIa, Ivb, Va)

D. Specific Course Objectives:

Upon successful completion of the course the student should be able to do the following:
Theory
1. Identify the role of the nurse in assisting patients and families during the child bearing
process

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 2. Effectively communicate with patients, significant support persons, and members of the
healthcare team to promote the safe and effective care of women and their families
3. Assess the teaching-learning needs of patients and families during the childbearing and
early childrearing years
4. Describe the components of optimal health care of families and young children
5. List the developmental tasks experienced by women and families
6. Describe physiological and psychological changes of clients and families during the
antenatal, intrapartal and postnatal periods
7. Identify common pharmacological agents utilized during the childbearing years
8. Explain the effects of hospitalization on the child and family
9. Demonstrate competency in the performance of nursing skills
10. Apply nursing concepts, principles and theories to clinical situations/simulations
11. Utilize clinical decision-making skills in providing patient care
12. Apply the nursing process in promoting an optimal level of wellness in women and their
families
13. Deliver compassionate and culturally sensitive care to maintain or enhance the health of
women and their families

At the completion of this course the student will be able to demonstrate the following
behaviors related to the preparation and care of the family, before, during and after
childbirth.
Clinical
1. Demonstrate professional behavior in the clinical setting.
2. Manage the care of one to two hospitalized clients in a maternity setting.
3. Apply knowledge of assessment skills to the care of clients.
4. Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses based on data collected during assessment.
5. Recognize appropriate nursing interventions in the planning of care for assigned clients.
6. Perform nursing skills specific for the care of assigned clients.
7. Evaluate client’s responses to nursing care and identify the need for modification of care
plans.
8. Utilize effective communication techniques in both verbal and written form.
9. Identify learning needs of clients and significant others.
10. Discuss the application of theory, concepts and principles to the care of assigned clients.
11. Complete required written coursework nursing care plans and observations on assigned
clients

Laboratory
1. Demonstrate skills for physical assessment of intrapartal, postpartal and neonatal patients.
2. Identify comfort and relaxation measures for intrapartal client.
3. List nursing interventions for the high risk infant and mother.
4. Construct a patient plan of care utilizing a concept map.
5. Identify common pharmacological agents utilized in care of perinatal patients.

Unit Objectives
See “Learning Outcomes” listed at the beginning of assigned readings.

E. The curriculum is based on the ANA standards of practice

Standards of Practice: The American Nurses Association Standards of Practice were used in
the development and presentation of this course.

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F. Textbook Materials
Required:

Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2006). Nursing Diagnosis: Application to Clinical Practice. (11th Ed).
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William & Williams.

Craig, G.P. (2005). Clinical Calculations Made Easy: Solving Problems Using Dimensional
Analysis. (3rd Ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Williams.

Lewis, S.M., Heit Keupen, M.M. & Dirkson, S.R. (2008). Medical Surgical Nursing
Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. (7th Ed.). St. Louis, Mo Mosby.

Pillitteri;, A. (2007). Material and Child Health Nursing:Care of the Childbearing and Child-
Rearing Family. (5th #D.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Williams.

G. Methods of Evaluating Students

1. Students will be evaluating by tests, clinical performance and demonstration of skills.

2. Students must meet guidelines of a satisfactory clinical performance of the course.
3. Projects and/or class attendance may also be a factor in evaluation.
4. Grading: your final grade is determined according to the following grading scale:

Percentage Grade
90.0%-100% A
84.0%-89.9% B
78.0%-83.9% C
70.0%-77.9% D
Below 70.0% F

The numerical value of exams and final course grades will not be rounded. Your final course grade is
based on a point system as determined by your instructor(s).

Your final course grade is based on a point system as determined by your instructor(s):

Item Description Possible Points Your Points

Exam 1 100
Exam 2 100
Exam 3 (Final) 100
Postpartum Care Plan 5
Newborn Assessment 5
Teaching Presentation 5
Concept map 5
Math Quiz Pass
Total Points 320

H. Program Policies and Procedures

This course will be conducted according to the policies and procedures as discussed in the
Associate Degree Nursing Student Handbook.
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I. Course Specific Information

1. Lecture-Discussion

One five (5) hour class period per week will be utilized for the presentation, clarification and
discussion of course content. Students are expected to complete the assigned readings prior to
lecture.

Required readings are outlined in the appendices in the syllabi.

2. Clinical

A total of ninety–six hours of clinical activities will be presented. Students will apply the nursing
process to the client and the family.
This time includes:
a. Pre-conference: which will be held prior to each clinical day for the purpose of
identifying objectives, discussing appropriate nursing care and reviewing specific theory.
b. Post-conference: Which will be held following the clinical day for the purpose of
sharing experiences and assessing the degree to which clinical objectives were achieved.

Assignments
a. Written assignments are all due one week after caring for the client. Forms for the
following assignment are included in the appendices of the syllabi. They include:
1) Postpartum assessment and care plan
2) Newborn assessment
3) Labor and delivery observation
4) In addition, patient data sheets will be completed by the student by the second
clinical session.
5) Perinatal Nursing Guide

Guidelines, forms and grading criteria for each activity are provided in the appendix of
the syllabus. Please review the information in the policy and procedure section of
syllabus regarding written assignments. It is imperative that students adhere to the stated
curriculum requirements or risk failure of course. All assignments must be completed to
meet the objectives of this course. The Perinatal Nursing Guide is due on the second
clinical day. All sources must be cited and referenced in APA format on all written
assignments. Students are responsible for printing and bringing these materials to
clinical; copies cannot be made at the clinical site.

b. Teaching Presentation
Each student will do a 10-15 minute teaching presentation on a selected topic related to
the course. The presentation will be given in post conference at clinical. This will be
scheduled with your clinical instructor. All presentations will be delivered at a
professional level. Sources must be cited and referenced in APA format.

c. Concept Map

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 Each clinical group will do a formal presentation utilizing a concept map. Theory
will be discussed during the lab component of the course. This is a case study
presentation involving an actual client cared for in the clinical area. This is a group
activity and the grade criteria is included in the appendix. All sources must be cited and
referenced in APA format.

3. Community Activities
Each student shall complete 3 community activities. The student will complete.
1) A nurse-midwife clinic session.
2) A well-child observation session.
3) A childbearing/childrearing education session

Registration for the nurse-midwife and well-child observations will take place in class. The
student will contact the health care agency to register for the childbearing education class. The
student must receive permission from the class instructor prior to attending the class. The
criteria for class selection are as follows:
1) The class must be taught by a registered nurse.
2) The class must be at least two hours in length.

Suggested classes include: prenatal, breastfeeding, infant safety, C-section, VBAC, sibling,
grand- parenting, and infant care; contact your clinical instructor for approval for other classes.

A signed verification of attendance form must be submitted for each activity.

Students will be in full uniform with name tag (as described in the student handbook) for each of
theses activities.

4. Math Quiz
A math quiz will be given at clinical each week and you must pass one at 100% by week four in
the rotation. The test must be successfully completed by the end of the last assigned clinical day
of that week. Students must pass the math exam before they are able to pass medications in
clinical. Students who do not pass the math test by the stated deadline will not be able to meet
the objectives of this course.

5. Examinations
All examinations will include tests items that reflect lecture, lab, and assigned readings.

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J. Reading List
Week Topic
1 Prenatal Care
2 Intrapartal Care
3 Exam 1
Postpartal Care
4 Newborn /
High Risk Newborn
5 High Risk OB
6 Exam 2
Well Child/
Hospitalized Child
Women’s Health
7 Chapter 50 (pp.1360-1383)
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Nursing 1207
Reading List
Pillitteri Lewis
Chapter 8 (pp.181-197)
Chapter 9 (pp.212-239)
Chapter 10 (pp.240-270)
Chapter 11 (pp.271-298)
Chapter 12 (pp.299-322)
Chapter 13 (pp.321-343)
Chapter 18 (pp.487-541)
Chapter 19 (pp.542-563)
Chapter 20 (pp.564-587)
Chapter 21 (pp.588-617)
Chapter 22 (pp.621-653)
Chapter 23 (pp.654-678)
Chapter 24 (pp.679-721)
Chapter 25 (pp.722-746)
Chapter 26 (pp.747-795)
Chapter 28
Chapter 14 (pp.344-397)
Chapter 15 (pp.398-442)
Chapter 16 (pp.443-460)
Chapter 17 (pp.461-484)
Chapter 33 (pp.975-1035)
Chapter 34 (pp.1036-1063)
Chapter 35 (pp.1067-1105)
Chapter 49 (pp.1339-1359)
Chapter 52 (pp.1400-1434)
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K. Faculty Contact List

Name Phone E-Mail Office

Maureen Waller (630)942-2204 waller@cod.edu HSC 2207C

Janice Miller (630)942-2318 millerja@cod.edu HSC2207A

Nancy Michels (Edward Clinical)

Laureen Martin (lab)

Email is the preferred mode of communication in this course.

Who do I contact?
For questions regarding lecture, please contact the instructor that gave the lecture.
For questions regarding clinical, please contact your clinical instructor.
For questions regarding the test, please contact the faculty member responsible for that content.
If you need further assistance, please contact your course team leaders (Maureen Waller and Janice
Miller)

L. The syllabus is subject to change

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 APPENDIX

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 1. Postpartum Care Plan/Newborn Assessment

The purpose of these assignments is to provide a learning experience which will enable
the student to:
1) Integrate theoretical concepts and scientific principles when applying the nursing
process when administering nursing care and;
2) develop and implement a plan of nursing care for an assigned client based on
his/her holistic needs.

The student will select a client and follow the instructions on the care plan forms
provided in the syllabus. Due date will be one week after selecting your client. All
written assignments must be presented in a professional manner. Assignments must be
legible, complete and submitted on time. A one-point deduction from your total grade
will be made each day they are late. Your clinical instructor will give you instruction,
guidance and feedback as needed. Your implementation and evaluation of the developed
nursing care plans will assist in the assessment of your clinical performance.

2. Labor and Delivery Observation

A form is provided in the syllabus for your observations during clinical of one client.
Forms should be complete, legible and due one week after selected observation.

3. Patient Data Sheets

Patient data sheets should be submitted on each mother/baby couplet cared for. Data
should be submitted within one week of caring for your client.

B. Teaching Presentation Guidelines

Each student will develop a 10-15 minute presentation on a topic related to maternal-newborn
or family centered care. This presentation should be directed to clients and families. Students
will present during post-conference. The presentation should include appropriate teaching aids
such as handouts, posters and other material related to the topic. Suggested topics include:
• Bathing your baby (tub bath)
• Bathing your baby (sponge bath)
• Caring for the breasts while nursing
• Techniques for breastfeeding
• Post partum care
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
• Shaken Baby Syndrome
• Bottle feeding your baby

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 • Comfort techniques for labor
• Sex after pregnancy
• Contraception
• Programs in DuPage County for new families
• Circumcision; pros and cons (include care of the circumcised and uncircumcised male infant)
• Signs of illness in the neonate
• Newborn/Infant Safety
• Infant massage
• Signing with your baby

*Other topics may be appropriate; please consult your clinical instructor.

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NUR 1207
Grading Sheet: Teaching Presentation

Name of Student ______________________________ Date ____________

Possible Points Your Points

Objectives clearly presented (1) _____

Content and delivery of presentation (2) _____

Teaching Aids (2) _____

________
Total 5 _____

Comments:

Points earned ______

Instructor Signature ______________________________ Date _________________

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 TESTING GUIDELINES FOR NURSING 1207
1. Seating for all exams will be provided by a random number system. On the day of the exam,
students will wait outside of the classroom while a faculty member will number the seats in the
classroom. At the assigned test time, the faculty member will provide each student with a
number as they enter the classroom.

2. Faculty will not answer questions related to the exam on the day of the exam. Please feel free to
contact instructors regarding questions prior to that time.

3. Exam results will be distributed one week after the exam is administered.

4. Questions regarding exam content should be directed to the faculty member who presented the
lecture material.

5. To review your exam, contact the faculty member who proctored the exam.

6. Any discussion regarding test items must occur within one week after exam results are
distributed. All scores become final after that point.

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NUR 1207 – THE CHILDBEARING FAMILY
ATTENDANCE VERIFICATION FORM
(to be used for each observational experience)

Name of Student

Date and Time of Activity

Name of Activity

Location of Activity

Name of Contact Person

Signature of Contact Person

Phone number of Contact Person

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Maternal – Infant Nursing
Student’s Name: _____________________ Patient Data Sheet Date: _____________

Room Patient’s Age Allergies Physician’s Orders Nursing Activities (orders/Interventions)

Initials (please include your own)
Diet
Current Diagnosis Activity
IV
Additional Physician’s Orders
Concurrent Medical Conditions and their LAB/Diagnostic tests(include results and
Relationship to current diagnosis interpretation)

Type/ Date/Time of Delivery Blood Type _____ Rh _____ Hep B ____

STS/VDRL/RPR _______

T ___________ P ____________ R ___________B/P Peripheral IV: ml/hr site

LOC and orientation Saline lock site
Ability to follow commands Extremities:
Pupils (PERLA) Upper: Color Warmth Capillary refill
Senses: Vision Hearing
Touch Speech Lower: Color Warmth Capillary refill
Complaints of discomfort Pedal pulses Peripheral edema
Skin: Color Condition Mobility status Galt Transfer
Mucous membranes Ability to perform ADL Muscle strength
Respiratory status: Quality O2 Emotional status/concerns:
Lung sounds Verbal communication
Use of accessory muscles Nonverbal communication
Cardiac status: Apical purse Regularity
Appetite Spiritual concerns/needs
Nausea Vomiting Ethnic/cultural concerns/needs
Bowel sounds Bowel Movements Maternal/Infant Bonding Assessment
Abdomen Pain Assessment (0-10 Scale) ____________________________________
Surgical incision Dressing Other comments:
Voiding Foley

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 Postpartum Assessment: Nursing Diagnoses
Breasts: Soft _____ Full _____ (*include Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns for each
diagnosis)
Fundus: Firm? _____ Midline? _____ Location _____
Lochia: Type _____ Amount _____ Postpartum (3)
Episiotomy/incision: Type
Condition
Bladder Palpable _____ Non-Palpable_____
Voiding________________
Assessment for signs of DVT________________
Neonatal Assessment:
Sex _____ Birthweight _____ Kg. Gestational Age _____
Length_________in___ Head Circumference_________cm Neonate (3)
Vital signs – T______ P________R_________
Respirations -__________________________________
Color -________________________________________
Feedings -_____________________________________
Urination -_____________________________________
Stooling -______________________________________
Circumcision -__________________________________
Vitamin K Given Teaching presented:
Erythromycin Ointment Given_________
Summary of Newborn Physical Assessment
____________________________________________
Discharge Planning
Hep B __________ RhoGam ________
Circ ___________ Rubella Vaccine _________
Picture _________
Newborn Screening __________
Discharge Teaching___________

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 Postpartum Care Plan

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COLLEGE OF DUPAGE NAME __________________________
ADN PROGRAM DATE
NURSING 1207 INSTRUCTOR

POSTPARTUM ASSESSMENT AND CARE PLAN

Mother's Initials____ Age____ Gravida____ T_____ P._____ A_____ L_____

EDD____ Delivery Date____ Time____ Postpartum day____

Type of delivery_________________ Wound__________________

Diet______________ Activity____________ Breast or formula feeding_________

Physician's Initials_____________

Current Physician's Orders Rationale Relevance for this Client

(Include All Postpartum orders)

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 I. Collection of Data

A. Significant Social, Psychological, Medical History

1. Social

a. education _____________ marital status __________________

career plans _________________________________________

b. family (who is living at home, extended family in area)

__________________________________________________

c. husband's (or significant other's) career _______________

2. Cultural/Spiritual Needs

a. ethnicity __________ religion __________

b. effects on postpartum care _________________

3. History of psychiatric or emotional problems _______________

___________________________________________________________

4. Medical history (not related to reproductive system)

a. previous illnesses _____________________________________

b. previous hospitalizations ______________________________

c. previous surgeries _____________________________________

d. family history (genetic disorder, cancer, diabetes, etc.)

_______________________________________________________

e. other __________________________________________________

B. Significant Reproductive and Obstetrical History

a. previous surgeries, hospitalizations ___________________

_______________________________________________________

b. previous labor and delivery experiences ________________

_______________________________________________________

c. age of onset of menses ______ duration of menses _______

L.M.P. _________ abnormalities _______________________

d. date of first prenatal visit ____ number of visits ____

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 e. wt. gain _____ medications taken during pregnancy ______
________________________________________________________
f. Blood type ________ RH _______
g. preparation for childbirth _____________________________
h. diagnostic tests done during pregnancy (include Blood type, Rh, RPR, or STS,
Rubella, and Hep B, ultrasound exams, Genetic Studies, and other tests should
also be included)
(see prenatal record)

Name Date Results Norms Significance

C. Identified Medical, Obstetrical, or Genetic Risk Factor

D. Events Precipitating this Hospital Admission

(why did she come to the hospital when she did: contractions, ruptured membranes, etc.)

E. Labor and Delivery

1. length client normal range evaluation

length first stage _______ ____________ __________

length second stage _______ ____________ __________

length third stage _______ ____________ __________

2. Medications (identify drug classification, name route, dosage, time etc.)

analgesic anesthetic oxytocic

first stage ___________ __________ __________

second stage ___________ __________ __________

third stage ___________ __________ __________

other medications used:

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 3. Fetus/Neonate

FHR range during labor ________ Monitor leads used ________

Signs of distress _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Sex of baby _____ 1 minute Apgar _____ 5 minute Apgar _____

Anomalies? _________________ Resuscitation needed (other

than bulb syringe) ________________________________________

Condition now _____________________________________________

4. Mother

Complications during labor and/or delivery? _______________

___________________________________________________________

Her description of the experience _________________________

___________________________________________________________

Her contact with neonate in delivery room

(see, touch, hold, etc.)

___________________________________________________________

support system ____________________________________________

other relevant information ________________________________

F. First 2-3 hours postpartum

complications _________________________________________________

comments or significant data __________________________________

II. Current General Assessment

A. Circulatory Status

B. Temperature Status

C. Respiratory Status

D. Mental Status

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 E. Emotional Status

F. State of Rest and Comfort

G. Sensory Perception

H. Mobility Status

I. Nutritional Status

J. Elimination Status

K. State of Skin and Mucous Membrane

L. Family Involvement

III. Assessment Specific to the Postpartum Client

A. Vital sign's (Today's)

Your client's Normal Significance

Temperature _____________ ___________ ____________

Pulse _____________ ___________ ____________

Respiration _____________ ___________ ____________

B. Fundus

1. Present location in relation to umbilicus____ firmness _____

2. Expected location and firmness for this postpartum day _____

C. Lochia

1. Flow today (rubra, serosa, alba) _______________

2. Expected flow for this postpartum day ______________

3. Amount (none, scant, mod., heavy) ________ Expected ________

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 D. Perineum

1. Wound (type)___________________ Appearance _________________

Expected appearance ________________________________________

Deviations from normal: ____________________________________

2. Describe present care of wound ________________________

Is she complaining of discomfort due to her wound?________

If yes, what is being done to decrease this discomfort?_______

3. Does she have hemorrhoids? ______ Are hemorrhoids expected at

this time?_______ Why? _____________________________________

What is/can be done to reduce discomfort due to hemorrhoids?

____________________________________________________________

4. other ______________________________________________________

E. Breasts

1. Describe appearance and consistency (soft, firm, engorged,

painful, redness, lumps, etc.) ____________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. Expected appearance and consistency for this postpartum day

____________________________________________________________

3. Condition of nipples (red painful, inverted, cracks, etc.)

____________________________________________________________

4. Expected condition for this postpartum day _________________

____________________________________________________________

5. Deviations from normal:_____________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. If she is breastfeeding, describe degree of success: _______

____________________________________________________________

7. If breastfeeding, describe present breast care being given:

____________________________________________________________

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 9. Does this patient need a referral to a lactation consultant? _____________________

Why?_______________________________________________________________

F. Elimination

1. Time of first voiding after delivery _______ Amount ________

2. Expected length of time between delivery and first voiding:

____________________________________________________________

3. Deviations from normal: ____________________________________

G. If delivered by C/S

1. Condition of incision/dressing _____________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. Deviations from normal: ____________________________________

3. Type of incision (classical, low cervical transverse)_______

4. Abdomen (soft, distended) ________ Bowel sounds ____________

Flatus ___________________

5. Urinary Catheter _________________

6. I.V. ___________________

7. Lungs __________________

8. Legs (tenderness, Homan's sign) _______________

9. Activity: __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10. Level of comfort: __________________________________________

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 H. Bonding

1. Is mother at "taking in" or "taking hold" phase? ___________

(Support answer with illustrations) ________________________

____________________________________________________________

Expected phase for this postpartum day _____________________

Comments ___________________________________________________

2. Identify factors which might be significant in interfering with bonding between this mother
and baby (consider prenatal, labor & delivery, support system, sex of child, comfort of mom,
etc.)

3. Identify signs that indicate a healthy mother-baby relationship (remember, baby should be
included).

4. Identify signs that indicate that mother and baby are having some difficulty establishing a
positive relationship.

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I. Current Medication (include PRN Medications)
NAME OF DRUG DOSE FREQUENCY SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
IMPLICATION

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Nursing Diagnoses (list actual and potential and include "related to" and "manifestation" factors can be wellness-
related) List in order of priority. A minimum of 5 diagnoses are required; Additional diagnoses constitute a
stronger care plan. (* Include Gordon’s Functional Health Pattern for each Diagnosis)

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Develop one diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis Goal Nursing Intervention Scientific Rationale Evaluation
Nursing Diagnosis: Objective

Gordon’s Functional
Health Pattern:

Related to: Outcome Criteria Subjective

As manifested by: Conclusion

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Develop one diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis Goal Nursing Intervention Scientific Rationale Evaluation
Nursing Diagnosis: Objective

Gordon’s Functional
Health Pattern:

Related to: Outcome Criteria Subjective

As manifested by: Conclusion

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Develop one diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis Goal Nursing Intervention Scientific Rationale Evaluation
Nursing Diagnosis: Objective

Gordon’s Functional
Health Pattern:

Related to: Outcome Criteria Subjective

As manifested by: Conclusion

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Develop one diagnosis:
Nursing Diagnosis Goal Nursing Intervention Scientific Rationale Evaluation
Nursing Diagnosis: Objective

Gordon’s Functional
Health Pattern:

Related to: Outcome Criteria Subjective

As manifested by: Conclusion

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NUR 1207
Postpartum Assessment and Care Plan Grading Sheet

Name of Student ______________________________Date____________

Area Possible Point(s) Your point(s)

General Assessment 1 ______

Nursing Diagnoses/Gordon’
Functional Health Patterns 2 ______

Nursing Process 2 ______

Total 5 ______

Comments:

Points earned ______

Instructor Signature ______________________________ Date _________________

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 Newborn Assessment

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College of DuPage NAME _______________________
ADN Program NEONATAL ASSESSMENT AND CARE PLAN
NURSING 1207 DATE _______________________

INSTRUCTOR _______________________

Age of neonate at time of Assessment ____________________

I. Newborn Assessment
Mother's Initials _________ Date of Birth __________ Time of birth __________ Sex _______________
Instructions: Using the assessment guide provided, do a complete assessment on your client. In the first column, write the data for your neonate. In the second
column, write the expected, or normal findings, according to your texts. In the third column, write your evaluation of the comparison between the expected data
and your infant. Remember to be descriptive, specific and objective and to evaluate in relation to: gestational age, anomalies, central nervous system function,
peripheral nerve function. Do not put WNL!
Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
A. Nutritional Status 2500 – 4000 grams
1. Birth weight and length 18” - 22” (48-52 cm.)

2. Weight now (% lost) 10% or less

3. Intake per 24 hours Breast feeding – q 2-3 hours

Bottle feeding – q 3-4 hours

4. Type of feedings (Calories) Calculate based on type of

formula or breast milk.

5. General Appearance Pink skin is elastic and returns to

(sub q fat, etc.) normal shape after pinching;
tone acrocyanosis may be normal.

6. Regurgitation, emesis Occasional spitting of mucus

or feeding normal; emesis should not
exceed 10-15 ml.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 34

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
B. Physical Characteristics
1. Head Circumference 32-37 cm

a. anterior fontanel size 3-4 cm long by

2-3 cm wide;
diamond-shaped
b. posterior fontanel size 1-2 cm at birth;
triangle-shaped. May not
be palpable due to molding.
c. other (caput, cephalhematoma, etc.) May be present in
first 48 hours

2. Chest
a. circumference 32.5 cm on average

b. cm. difference between head and 1-2 cm less than head

chest

c. shape Normal shape without

depression

3. Genitalia Male: Testicles descended

a. appearance Female: Labia majora covers
labia minora

b. discharge White discharge and blood-tinged

discharge may be present in
females
c. any abnormalities N/A

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 35

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
C. Temperature Status Axillary – 36.5-37.2
(State whether baby asleep, awake, etc.) Rectal – 36.6-37.2

D. Respiratory Status 30-60 per minute.

1. Rate, rhythm, depth Irregular breathing normal; pauses
do not exceed 15-20 seconds

2. Muscles used No accessory muscles can be used.

3. Symmetry of movement Abdomen and chest movements

are synchronous.

4. Breath sounds Clear and equal bilaterally.

5. Patency of nose When mouth is occluded by nipple,

infant breathes easily through nose.

6. Presence and characteristics of mucous Small amounts, clear and thin. May
see more in C-section babies soon
after birth.
E. Circulatory Status NA NA
(State whether awake or asleep)

1. Apical pulse rate, rhythm, strength 120-160 BPM

Asleep – greater than 100 BPM
Crying – up to 180 BPM
2. Presence of abnormal sounds, rubs, No abnormal sounds present.
murmurs

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 36

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
F. Elimination Status NA NA
(State whether breast or bottle)

1. Bowel First 24 hours – Black, tarry

a. color, consistency, amount meconium. Transitional stool –
greenish, soft.

b. flatus Occasionally present

c. deviations from normal N/A

2. Bladder 6-8 wet diapers/day

a. frequency Should void within 24 hours of birth

b. color, consistency, amount, odor Yellow, non-offensive, mild odor.

Child may void scant to moderate
amounts per void.

c. deviations from normal N/A

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 37

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
G. State of Skin and Mucous Membrane Smooth; occasional dryness
1. Skin after initial bath; peeling on hands
a. texture and feet in post-term infants.
b. color (pallor, cyanosis jaundice, Pink; acrocyanosis may be normal.
acrocyanosis) Jaundice pathologic in first 24
hours.

c. intactness/lesions No lacerations; no lesions.

d. turgor/dryness Elastic over abdomen; returns to

normal after pinching.

e. rashes, birthmarks, Mongolian spots, All may be present as normal.

etc.

f. vernix/lanugo May be present on infants born prior

to term; assess in axillary & groin
areas for vernix and over scapulae
for lanugo.
2. Mucous Membranes Pink – Assess oral membrane.
a. color Moist

b. teeth, gums Precocious teeth may be present;

assess gums for lesions;
Epstein’s pearls.
c. intactness No lesions or lacerations present.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 38

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
3. Umbilicus Cord clamped for first 24 hours;
a. appearance drying; changing in color from
white to a dark color.

b. no. vessels 3 (2 arteries; 1 vein)

c. discharge None

4. Hair (include eyebrows and eyelashes) Smooth; fine variations may be

a. texture present due to ethnic background.

b. length Varies

c. distribution Even over scalp

5. Nails Soft, smooth

a. texture

b. length May be long and peeling in post-

term infants

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 39

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
H. Anomalies (describe) NA

I. Lab and Diagnostic Studies

1. Blood type and Rh Any human blood type, Rh

2. Other Coombs test should be negative

J. Emotional Status
1. Reactions to discomfort (wet diapers, pain, Responds to uncomfortable
etc.) stimuli by crying.

2. Reactions to comfort (being held, etc.) Quiets with comfort measures

K. State of Rest and Comfort

1. Sleep pattern - 24 hrs 16-20 hours
a. time duration

b. reactions to noise Startle response

Turns head toward sound if awake.

2. Awake, alert state Sleeps 16-20 hours per day.

a. activity - describe Refer to text for sleep states

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 40

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
3. Pain, discomfort, restlessness N/A
a. time occurs, location

b. duration, frequency, N/A

how relief obtained

L. Neurological and Reactivity State

1. Level of consciousness N/A
a. alertness-quick to
respond
b. drowsy-slow to respond N/A

c. difficult to arouse N/A

2. CNS Status Fanning and extension of all toes

Reflexes (describe expected response and when one side of foot is stroked
how elicited) from the heel upward across ball of
a. Babinski foot.

b. Moro Systemic extension and abduction of

arms with fingers extended; return
to normal relaxed flexion. A
response to sudden movement on
loud noise.
c. Stepping When held upright and one foot
touching flat surface, will step
alternately.

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 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance

d. Palmar grasp Fingers grasp adult finger

when palm is stimulated and held
momentarily.

e. Feeding While awake and hungry, stroke

a. rooting side of cheek. Infant will turn in
that direction and open mouth.

b. sucking Infant will suck when gloved finger

is inserted into mouth.

c. swallow Infant will swallow in response to

sucking or fluid in mouth.

d. gag Infant will gag in response to

hypopharyngeal stimulation.

f. Protective Tracks objects to midline. Fixed

a. vision focus on objects at t distance of 10-
20 inches.

b. hearing Attends to sounds; sudden or loud

noise elicits Moro reflex.

c. sneezing, coughing Sneeze or cough in response to

stimuli.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 42

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
3. Muscle tone
a. symmetry of movement of Symmetrical spontaneous
extremities movements.

M. Gestational Age
1. Scarf Sign Place supine; draw arm across chest
toward opposite shoulder. Compare
to midline of chest.

2. Areolar Tissue Areolar and nipple development

increases as infant nears term.

3. Popliteal Angle Degree of knee flexion: Place on

back, thigh is flexed, the abdomen
flat. Assess angle of flexion on back
of knee.
4. Heel-to-ear maneuver Thing is flexed on the abdomen and
chest. Place finger behind ankle to
extend the lower leg until resistance
is met.
5. Posture Muscle tone increases as infant
approaches term.

6. Foot creases One crease at top of toe at 36 weeks;

increase in number of creases as
approaches term.

7. Genital development Labia majora covers minora as term

approaches. Scrotum develops rugae
and testicles. Descend near term.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 43

 Your neonate Expected or normal range Significance
N. Medications
1. Given in DR Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
to both eyes; vitamin K 1 mg IM;
both given within 1 hour of birth.

2. Given in Nursery Above medications if not given in

DR; Hepatitis B vaccine may be
ordered.

II. Developmental stage as described by Erikson: ________________________________________________________

Cognitive stage as described by Piaget: _____________________________________________________________

Describe the rationale for each of the following stimuli for the neonate: black and white mobile, reading to neonate, listening to classical music. Explain
how each stimulus will assist the neonate to accomplish developmental tasks.

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NUR 1207
Newborn Assessment Grading Sheet

Name of Student _____________________________Date________________

Area Possible Point(s) Your point(s)

Student assessment findings 2 ____

Analysis of assessment findings 2 ____

Growth and Development 1 ____

Total 5 ____

Comments:

Points earned ______

Instructor Signature ______________________________ Date _________________

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 45

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 46
Labor and Delivery

Observation

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LABOR AND DELIVERY OBSERVATION

Nursing 1207

Name _________________________________

Instructor ______________________________

Date __________________________________

I. Identify nursing interventions which you observed in the 4 stages of labor and the rationale for each.

Intervention Rationale
Stage 1
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Stage 2
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Stage 3
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Stage 4
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 48

II. Develop 2 Nursing Diagnoses specific to each stage of labor (physical and psychological).

Stage 1
1.

2.

Stage 2
1.

2.

Stage 3
1.

2.

Stage 4
1.

2.

III. List all the medications used on your unit for each stage of labor and the primary action of each. Include
the medications used in the epidural, IV push meds, augmentation meds, etc.

Medication Action
Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

IV. Identify any of the fetal monitoring patterns that you observed. Describe the nursing implications related
to the observed patterns. (Variability, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Early Decelerations, Late Decelerations,
and Variable Decelerations).

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 49

 TEST ITEMS
Query Form
Student may appeal a test question following the format below.
Query forms must be submitted within one week after test results are
distributed
All queries will be evaluated on an individual basis. If an appeal is granted,
there will not be any group distribution of points.

Student Name: __________________________________________________________________

Exam # _________ Date of Exam _____________ Appeal Submitted (Date) ______________
Submitted to: (Instructor) _________________________________________________________

1. Write the # of the test question below.

#
Question

2. What concern do you have about this question?

What was the rationale for your choice?

3. Cite Three References using the required materials for this course to support your rationale.
1.

2.

3.

Add any additional comments in this section that support your appeal on a separate sheet of paper
Faculty Response: ________ Accepted ________ Denied

Rationale:

Faculty Signature: ___________________________ Date: ________________________

Students who have a query-denied should make an appointment with the faculty member to discuss any
concerns about the appeal. Submission of a test item query does not guarantee a change in grade.

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Guidelines for Medication Administration
NUR 1207

• All medications must be administered with the clinical instructor

• Students cannot administer medications with staff nurses
• Students cannot administer medications in labor and delivery
• Students must be prepared for medication administration by knowing the following prior
To the administration of each drug:
-Name of drug
-Classification
-Action of the drug at the cellular level
-Side effects
-Adverse effects
-Nursing implications
-Patient education
-Is it safe to give?
-Correct documentation
• Students must know patient allergies at the beginning of each shift
• Please be sure that supplies needed for medication administration are available prior to
administration time(fresh water, cup, straw, etc., unless contraindicated)

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 51

Concept Map Grading Criteria

Group Participants: ______________________________________________________

Possible Points Your Points

1. Provided objectives for the concept 1 _______

2. Presentation/design 1 _______

3. Oral communication 1 _______

4. Stated application/relevance to practice 1 _______

5. Group participation 1 _______

Comments:

Points earned ______

Instructor Signature ______________________________ Date _________________

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 Perinatal Guidelines

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 Perinatal Nursing Guide

DIRECTIONS: Please complete the following norms for the areas of intrapartal, postpartum, and
neonatal nursing. This assignment is to be completed by the beginning of your second clinical day (or
as directed by your instructor). Please bring the completed assignment with you on the second day of
your clinical experience in obstetrics.

I. Intrapartal Nursing

A. Describe the three phases of the first stage of labor.

1. Early (latent)

2. Active

3. Transition

B. Define the cervical changes that occur during labor.

C. Describe ways that the patient can cope with the discomforts of the first stage of labor.

D. List aspects of the role of the labor support person (coach).

E. Nurses assess the frequency, duration, and intensity of uterine contractions. Describe how
you would assess contractions in each of these areas.

1. Frequency

2. Duration

3. Intensity

F. Describe the nursing assessment/management of a client with an epidural anesthesia in

labor

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 54

G. Define the second stage of labor and list its characteristics.

H. Describe the third stage of labor.

I. Describe four signs of placental separation:

1.

2.

3.

4.

J. Describe 4 nursing assessments in the fourth stage of labor.

1.

2.

3.

4.

II. Postpartum Nursing

A. What are the normal pulse and blood pressure ranges for postpartum women?

B. Where should the uterine fundus be palpable one hour after delivery?

Where should the uterine fundus be palpable one day after delivery?

When does it become a pelvic organ?

C. Identify and describe the three types of lochia present in the postpartum period.

1.

2.

3.

D. What is the normal hemoglobin for a newly delivered postpartum woman?

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 55

E. List three ways a nurse can promote comfort for the postpartum woman?
1.

2.

3.

F. Identify and describe three positions for breastfeeding.

1.

2.

3.

G. Why is it important to know the mother’s Rh status and status of immunity to rubella
prior to discharge?

III. Neonatal Nursing

A. What is the normal range of heart rate for a neonate?

B. What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?

C. Are newborn respirations usually even and rhythmical?

D. What is the normal range for a newborn’s temperature?

(Centigrade and Fahrenheit)
1. Rectal
2. Axillary

E. Define meconium.

F. Describe the normal stool pattern for a newborn infant.

G. How often should a newborn be fed?

1. Breastfed infant

2. Formula fed infant

H. What is acrocyanosis?

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 56

 I. What is an Apgar score?

J. What is Ilotycin (erythromycin ophthalmic ointment)? What is it used?

K. What is Aquamephyton? Why is it used?

L. What is the first immunization given to the newborn? When is it typically given?

M. What are three signs of respiratory distress in the newborn?

1.

2.

3.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 57

 Clinical Evaluation Tool

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 58

 Student's Name ___________________________

Instructor ___________________________

Clinical Site _________________________________

COLLEGE OF DuPAGE
ASSOCIATE DEGREE NURSING PROGRAM
CLINICAL EVALUATION TOOL
NURSING 1207 Childbearing Family

The following evaluation tool has been developed by faculty to evaluate the clinical performance of each nursing student as it relates to their clinical experience. There are
eight major areas for clinical evaluation.

This evaluation tool is based on criteria for each course, ranging from Satisfactory to Unsafe. The purpose of the criteria is to give students direction as well as delineate
expectations of student clinical performance.
Code: S – Satisfactory NI-Needs Improvement U-Unsatisfactory
US-Unsafe NO-Not observed NA-Not applicable

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION Mid Final Comments

I. PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS
A. Practice within the ethical, legal, and regulatory frameworks of nursing and standards
of professional nursing practice.
B. Identify unsafe practices of healthcare providers using appropriate channels of
communication.
C. Demonstrate Accountability for Nursing Care given by self and/or delegated to others.
D. Use standards of nursing practice to perform patient care.
E. Maintain patient rights.
F. Maintain organizational and patient confidentiality with respect to HIPPA guidelines.
G. Practice within the parameters of individual knowledge and experience.
H. Assimilate evidence based to ensure safe effective medication and procedural safety
per institutional guidelines.
I. Recognize the impact of economic, political, social, and demographic forces on the
delivery of healthcare.
J. Develop a plan to meet self-learning needs.
K. Recognize professional boundaries in the nurse-patient relationship.
L. Demonstrates preparedness for the clinical experience.
M. Adhere to the standards of behavior in the program handbook and college guidelines.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 59

II. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Mid Final Comments
A. Describe therapeutic communication skills to use when interacting with patients and
significant support person(s).
B. Communicate relevant, accurate, and complete information in a concise and clear manner.
C. Report assessments, interventions, and progress toward patient outcomes.
D. Utilize information technology to support and communicate the planning and provision of
patient care.
E. Utilize appropriate channels of communication to achieve positive patient outcomes.

III. ASSESSMENT (Gordon’s level of functioning) MID FINAL COMMENTS

A. Determine the patient’s response to changes in function.
B. Assess patient and significant support person(s) for learning strengths, capabilities,
barriers, and educational needs.
C. Assess the patient for changes in levels of functioning
D. Assess the patient’s ability to access available community resources.
E. Assess the environment for factors that may impact the patient’s health status.
F. Assess the strengths, resources, and needs of patients within the context of their
community

IV. CLINICAL DECISION MAKING MID FINAL COMMENTS

A. Review initial clinical judgments and management decisions with instructor to ensure
accurate and safe care.
B. Utilize assessment and reassessment data to plan care.
C. Apply the nursing process based on Gordon’s functional assessment.
D. Determine the effectiveness of care provided in meeting patient outcomes.
E. Modify patient care as indicated by the evaluation of outcomes.

V. CARING INTERVENTIONS: MID FINAL COMMENTS

A. Protect the patient’s dignity.
B. Adapt care based on the patient’s values and emotional, cultural, religious, and spiritual
influences on the patient’s health.
C. Demonstrate caring behaviors toward the patient, significant support person(s), peers, and
other members of the healthcare team.
E. Implement the prescribed care regimen within the legal, ethical, and regulatory framework
of nursing practice.
F. Assist the patient to achieve optimum comfort and functioning, including illness
prevention and wellness care.
G. Support the patient and significant person(s) when making health care decisions.
H. Assess response to interventions.
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VI. TEACHING AND LEARNING MID FINAL COMMENTS
A. Identify key elements in an individualized teaching plan based on assessed needs.
B. Provide the patient and significant support person(s) with the information to make
choices regarding health.
C. Evaluate the progress of the patient and significant support person(s) toward achievement
of identified learning outcomes.
D. Modify the teaching plan based on evaluation of progress toward meeting identified
learning outcomes.
E. Teach the patient and significant support person(s) the information and skills needed
to achieve the desired learning outcomes.

VII. COLLABORATION MID FINAL COMMENTS

A. Observes the decision making process with the patient, significant support person(s),
and other members of the healthcare team.
B. Work cooperatively with others to achieve patient and organizational outcomes.
C. Identify how to work with the patient, significant support person(s), and other
members of the healthcare team to evaluate progress toward achievement of
outcomes.

VIII. MANAGING CARE MID FINAL COMMENTS

A. Prioritize patient care.
B. Review with the instructor the implementation of an individualized plan of care for
patients and significant support person(s).
C. Coordinate aspects of patient care with qualified assistive personnel.
D. Adapt the provision of patient care to changing healthcare settings and management
systems.
E. Assist the patient and significant support person(s) to access available resources and
services.
F. Identify nursing strategies to provide cost efficient care.
Comments:

Faculty signature Date

Student signature Date
The student’s signature signifies that the student has read and discussed this evaluation with the clinical instructor.

N1207syllabusfall2009 10/08/08 FALL 2008 61

 STUDENT EVALUATION CRITERIA
S = SATISFACTORY
NI = NEEDS IMPROVEMENT
U = UNSATISFACTORY

I PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS
S Maintains standards set by College handbook, Program Handbook
Treats others with respect and consideration (colleagues, instructor, patient and family).
Develops teamwork skills (flexibility, support of others…).
Practices within nursing standards
Maintains professional role
Identifies and addresses own learning needs
Demonstrates understanding of patient rights, especially confidentiality.
NI Needs reminders as to how to function in clinical setting.
Does not volunteer or take advantage of learning experiences
Identifies weaknesses but unclear in making a plan for improvement.
Has difficulty recognizing limitations of student role
U Disrespectful, unethical
Unprepared to practice skills, interventions
Breaks confidentiality, sees patient and family outside of clinical setting.
Jumps in to a situation without reflection, supervision, or being prepared.
Compromises patient and unit safety.
Diverts medication or supplies

II EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
S Maintains confidentiality
Applies skills of therapeutic communication
Develops a positive nurse-patient relationship
Recognizes verbal and non-verbal communication of self and others.
Elicits health information from client.
Uses charting and written assignments to communicate information
effectively
NI Awkward and fearful in communication
Avoids interactions with staff

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III ASSESSMENT
S Collects data accurately and makes assessments based on such data.
Assess major facets of the patient as to individualize care. (physical,
developmental, emotional, cultural, religious, spiritual)
Determine factors that may inhibit patient recovery.
NI Avoids patient assessment by spending majority of time utilizing
written record.
Identifies key elements, but needs help incorporating this information
accurately.
U Does not collect data comprehensively.
Data is inaccurate
Unaware of changes in health status

IV CLINICAL DECISION MAKING

S Apply critical thinking to designing patient care
Makes decisions within the realm of nursing and within the limitations
of a nursing student.
Seeks appropriate supervision and assistance.
Individualizes plan of care.
Evaluates interventions to adapt plan of care
NI Needs instructor assistance to make a substantial amount of decisions
Lacks sensitivity to patient needs.
U Makes decisions that are inappropriate or unsafe.
Does not communicate with instructor regarding planned actions.

V CARING INTERVENTIONS
S Consciously implements planned nursing interventions specific for
identified problems
Demonstrates holistic approach to interventions.
Sets priorities when administering caring interventions.
Maintains a safe environment for patient and self.
Adept in new skills and previously learned skills.
NI Needs continuous feedback to implement identified interventions.
Needs repeated supervision/instruction of basic skills.
U Does not implement planned nursing interventions when caring for a
patient.
Takes actions outside the realm of a nursing student.
Repeatedly does skills incorrectly.
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VI TEACHING AND LEARNING
S Identify learning needs of patient/family/community
Integrate teaching/ learning needs when making clinical decisions.
NI Consistently needs instructor to identify learning needs and interventions
U Lacks awareness of importance of learning needs in planning and decision
making.

VII COLLABORATION
S Demonstrates working relationship with others in the health care team.
Collaborates with patient/family/community
Involve assistive personnel in meeting objectives by providing relevant
instruction.
Able to adapt approaches by working within a team.
Actively participates in pre and post-conference.
Engages in self-evaluation within the healthcare team.
NI Needs prompting and additional supervision to make better use of team.
Ineffective implementation of collaborative efforts.
Is not motivated to participate in treatment setting unless prompted.
U Inflexible within a team.
Unable to identify areas for room for improvement.
Does not collaborate with the healthcare team.

VIII MANAGING CARE

S Maintains patient health and wellbeing in a healthcare setting.
Reports changes in patient status with healthcare team.
Sets priorities when administering care for assigned patients.
NI Needs frequent prompting to organize and prioritize activities.
Requires assistance to set priorities when attempting to care for assigned
patients.
U Unable to effectively manage patient care.
Unaware that priority setting is important.
Ignores priorities when giving care.

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