PID Control Users Manual

www.vinyticsppl.com

STUDY OF SMPS TRAINER

Vinytics PERIPHERALS PVT. LTD.

WB-10, Shakarpur, Delhi-110 092.
Phone : 91-11- 22462826
Fax : 91-11-22515127
E-mail : vinyticsppl@rediffmail.com
Website : www.vinyticsppl.com

Table of Contents
THEORY.......................................................................................................................... 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM......................................................................................................... 1
EXPERIMENT-1...............................................................................................................3
To study performance characteristics of DC Distribution in Radial Configuration
EXPERIMENT-2...............................................................................................................3
To study performance characteristics of DC Distribution in Ring Main Configuration
EXPERIMENT-3............................................................................................................... 3
To study radial feeder performance fed at one end..
EXPERIMENT-4............................................................................................................... 3
To study radial feeder performance fed at both end..
LIST OF ACCESSORIES.................................................................................................6

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FEATURES
SMPS Trainer & SMPS Lab Training Kit - The SMPS trainer is a very adaptable product
that has been designed to explain a very remarkable and frequently used Switching
based power supply - The SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply). The Trainer is
designed to understand each section of SMPS in straight forward way. Various test
points has been provided so that one can observe the inputs and outputs of each block
contained.Being different from a conventional block diagram internal structures of
different blocks are also shown. Switching Transformer and Chopper (the Heart of
SMPS) are also presented to readily understand their operation and pin configuration.
Experiments that can be performed Study of Switching Transformer Study of PWM
switching device Study of Optocoupler Study of Regulation Study of SMPS with Variac
input Study of various faults and their removal in SMPS circuit.

Technical Specifications
Input : 80 to 230 VAC 10%, 50 / 60 Hz
Outputs :
+110 V DC regulated
+12 V DC regulated
18 V DC regulated
33 V DC regulated
Switching Transformer
Input : 220 V DC switching at 132 KHz
Fuse : 5A

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Must come prepared for the lab; study the related chapter of the experiments before
coming to the lab.
2. Proper care must be observed when moving equipments and parts.
3. Lab demonstration has to be attended prior to starting your lab work.
4. Power off prior to making any wire changes.
5. Do not touch any wire while the power is on inform the lab instructors immediately if a
wire come out or is found hanging.
6. All lab partners must be at the workstation at all times before the power is turned on.

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Experiments that can be performed

Study of SMPS with Variac input
Study of Switching Transformer
Study of PWM switching device
Study of various faults and their removal in SMPS circuit

THEORY
What is SMPS
Switched Mode Power Supply uses a switching regulator to convert electric power
efficiently. SMPS transfers electric power from a source (AC mains) to the load by
converting the characteristics of current and voltage. SMPS always provide a well
regulated power to the load irrespective of the input variations. SMPS incorporates a
Pass transistor that switches very fast typically at 50Hz and 1 MHz between the on and
off states to minimize the energy waste. SMPS regulates the output power by varying
the on to off time using minimum voltage so that efficiency is very high compared to the
linear power supply.

What is inside a SMPS?

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The SMPS essentially has

1.

Input rectifier

2.

Inverter

3.

Voltage converter

4.

Output regulator
Input rectifier
The AC input from mains is first rectified in the SMPS using a rectifier to convert it into DC. The
rectifier consisting of a full wave diode bridge or module that produces an unregulated DC
voltage to the Smoothing capacitor. The input AC passing into the rectifier has AC voltage
pulses that may reduce the power factor. So control techniques are used to force the average
input current to follow the sine wave.
Inverter/MOSFET
This stage converts the rectified DC into AC using a power oscillator. The power oscillator has
a small output transformer with a few windings at the frequency 20-100 kHz. Switching is
controlled by a MOSFET amplifier. The output AC voltage is usually isolated optically from the
input AC by using an Optocoupler IC for safety reasons.

Voltage Converter
Using a Switching Transformer as shown on the block diagram printedon the PCB.There
are different supplies that are used for output.In this case there are 110v,12v,18v and
33v
Output Regulator
In this trainer, the output regulation is done using Transistor CI815.The Transistor
provides a 30% regulated at 110V

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EXPERIMENT No. : 1
AIM: To study performance characteristics of DC Distribution in Radial Configuration

Study of SMPS with Variac input

Study of Switching Transformer and PWM switching device

EXPERIMENT NO-1
Study of SMPS with Variac input to identify the input voltage range of SMPS

PROCEDURE
1.Connect the Variac (0-270v/4a) at the input of the SMPS Trainer
2.Put all the Fault Switches at no fault position as given in the table below
3. Switch on the trainer and the variac
4. Gradually increase the input voltage of Variac to the SMPS
5. At 150V (approximately) ,110V voltage will appear at output terminals.
6. As you observe that with increasing AC Supply the output voltage will not change.

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7. The higher range of AC Input is 240V

CONCLUSION
The Input range of SMPS is 150v to 240V.

EXPERIMENT NO-2
Study of Switching Transformer and PWM Switching Device
Precaution While using CRO on SMPS Trainer ,use the attenuation probe and set the
probe to 10:1.As the measured voltage will be more than 150V.

PROCEDURE
1.Connect the Variac (0-270v/4a) at the input of the SMPS Trainer
2.Put all the Fault Switches at no fault position as given in the table below
3. Switch on the trainer and the variac
4. Gradually increase the input voltage of Variac to the SMPS

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5. At 150V (approximately) ,110V voltage will appear at output terminals.
6 The inverter/chopper plays a very important role in the SMPS.
7.In this trainer the Inverter action is done by the power transistor 1802.
8. To study the switching action ,observe the PWM at the Base of the transistor given
using a test point
9. With the increasing input AC Voltage the PWM will vary from 60khz to 150Khz
10. To Better understand the effect of the Power Transistor going bad ,we have used a
fault switch to simulate the error.
Please see the table below
SWITCH

SMPS
OP 110V

ON
OFF

110V
141

SMPS SMPS SMPS

OP 12V
OP
OP
18V
33V
12V
18V
33V
17
30
34

11. The above fault explains the possible cause of a faulty SMPS can be
a. Loose wiring of the Power Transistor
b. PWM output not coming on the base of the transistor

EXPERIMENT NO-3
Study of Voltage Regulator Transistor c1815
Precaution While using CRO on SMPS Trainer ,use the atteneuation probe and set the
probe to 10:1.As the measured voltage will be more than 150V.

PROCEDURE
1.Connect the SMPS Trainer to AC Supply and apply the Lamp Load
2.Put all the Fault Switches at no fault position as given in the table below
3. Switch on the trainer
4.To put a voltage regulation fault in the circuit put the Fault Switch-1 to ON position.

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5. Measure the voltages at the output terminals
6. Now put the switch in OFF Position and measure the voltages
7. The voltage at the output is more than the required voltage this is due to the fact that
the voltage regulator is not working
8 The transistor C!815 provides the regulation action at two points in the circuit.
9. Using a Switch we cut the signal to the Base of the transistor to induce a fault in the
system
Please see the table below
SWITCH

SMPS
OP 110V

ON
OFF

110V
141

SMPS SMPS SMPS

OP 12V
OP
OP
18V
33V
12V
18V
33V
17
30
34

EXPERIMENT NO-4
Study of Voltage Regulator second Transistor c1815
Precaution While using CRO on SMPS Trainer ,use the atteneuation probe and set the
probe to 10:1.As the measured voltage will be more than 150V.

PROCEDURE
1.Connect the SMPS Trainer to AC Supply and apply the Lamp Load
2.Put all the Fault Switches at no fault position as given in the table below
3. Switch on the trainer
4.To put a voltage regulation fault in the circuit put the Fault Switch-2 to ON position.
5. Measure the voltages at the output terminals

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6. Now put the switch in OFF Position and measure the voltages
7. The voltage at the output is more than the required voltage this is due to the fact that
the voltage regulator is not working
8 The transistor C!815 provides the regulation action at two points in the circuit.
9. Using a Switch we cut the signal to the Base of the transistor to induce a fault in the
system
10. Observe the 150V unregulated voltage at terminals marked as 110V DC, this voltage
is 3-5V less than unregulated voltage in Fault-1.

Please see the table below

SWITCH

SMPS
OP 110V

ON
OFF

110V
141

SMPS SMPS SMPS

OP 12V
OP
OP
18V
33V
12V
18V
33V
17
30
34

EXPERIMENT NO-5
Study of fault in SM TRANSFORMER
Precaution While using CRO on SMPS Trainer ,use the atteneuation probe and set the
probe to 10:1.As the measured voltage will be more than 150V.

PROCEDURE
1.Connect the SMPS Trainer to AC Supply and apply the Lamp Load
2.Put all the Fault Switches at no fault position as given in the table below
3. Switch on the trainer
4.To put a voltage regulation fault in the circuit put the Fault Switch-5 to ON position.
5. Measure the voltages at the output terminals

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6. Now put the switch in OFF Position and measure the voltages
7. Observe the outputs as per the table

SWITCH

SMPS
OP 110V

ON
OFF

110V
0V

SMPS SMPS SMPS

OP 12V
OP
OP
18V
33V
12V
18V
33V
12V
18V
0V

8. The voltage at the output is more than the required voltage this is due to the fact that
the voltage regulator is not working
8 The transistor C!815 provides the regulation action at two points in the circuit.
9. Using a Switch we cut the signal to the Base of the transistor to induce a fault in the
system
10. Observe the 150V unregulated voltage at terminals marked as 110V DC, this voltage
is 3-5V less than unregulated voltage in Fault-1.

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