300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 1

Exercise 1

Problem 2.2
A signal has the spectrum depicted in Figure 2.45. Determine the minimum sampling
frequency to avoid aliasing. Assume the signal is sampled at a rate of 16 kHz, and sketch
the spectrum of the sampled signal in the interval 16 kHz. Indicate the relevant
frequencies including the foldover frequency in your sketch.


|X(f)|




f (kHz) -10 10


Figure 2.45

Solution

The highest frequency in the signal is 10 kHz. Therefore, the minimum sampling
frequency to avoid aliasing is 20 kHz (2 x 10 kHz).

Now, the sampling frequency is 16 kHz. The spectrum |Xs(f)| of the sampled signal in the
interval 16 kHz is given below.

|Xs(f)|
10 -10





f (kHz) -16 -6 6 16




Problem 2.9
The front end of a real-time DSP system is depicted in Figure 2.46. Assume a wideband
input signal.

(a) Sketch the spectrum of the signal before sampling (point A) and after sampling
(point B) between the range Fs/2.
(b) Determine the signal and aliasing error levels at 15 kHz and the Nyquist
frequency (i.e., 30 kHz).
(c) Determine the minimum sampling frequency, Fs (min), to give a signal-to-
aliasing error level of 10:1 at 15 kHz. State any assumptions made.
JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
1/3
300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 1


Sample
and hold
A B
x'(t) ADC Fourth-order
Butterworth
LPF

x''(t) x(n) x(t)


Analogue
input

fc =15 kHz Fs =60 kHz



Figure 2.46


Solution

(a) The spectrum |X'(f)| of the signal before sampling (point A) is shown below.


|X'(f)|
15 -15





f (kHz)




The spectrum |X''(f)| of the signal after sampling (point B) is shown below.










|X''(f)|
f (kHz) 15 -15 -60 -30 30 60


(b) The signal level at 15 kHz is given below.

707 . 0
) 15 / 15 ( 1
1
) / ( 1
1
| ) ( ' ' |
8
15
8
15

+
=
+
=
=
=
kHz f
kHz f
fc f
f X .

JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
2/3
300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 1
The aliasing error level at 15 kHz is given below.

. 012 . 0
) 15 / 45 ( 1
1
| ) ( ' ' |
8
) 15 60 (

+
=
= kHz f
f X

The signal level at 30 kHz is given below.

062 . 0
) 15 / 30 ( 1
1
| ) ( ' ' |
8
30

+
=
= kHz f
f X .

The aliasing error level at 30 kHz is given below.

. 062 . 0
) 15 / 30 ( 1
1
| ) ( ' ' |
8
) 30 60 (

+
=
= kHz f
f X

(c) At 15 kHz, the signal level is 0.707. At 15 kHz, the aliasing error level is 0.707/10 =
0.0707.

. 0707 . 0
) 15 / 15 ( 1
1
| ) ( ' ' |
8
) 15 (

+
=
=
Fs
f X
kHz Fs f


. 1 . 44 kHz Fs =

In this case, it is assumed that the aliasing error is caused only by a copy of the spectrum
centered at Fs.
JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
3/3