Nota-nota yang berguna: A) Menukarkan kenyataan positif kepada negative (+aathe) Arahan Positif Negative Sit Utkar To sit Utkaaru Dont sit Utkaaraathe Go Po To go Poga Dont go Pogaathe Walk Nada To walk Nadakka Dont walk Nadakkaathe Talk Peisu To talk Peisa Dont talk Peisaathe Hear Keil To hear Keitka Dont hear Keitkaathe Come Vaa To come Vara Dont come Varaathe
a. Nee utkaaru = you, sit down. Nee utkaaraathe!
b. Nee peisu = you talk.
Nee peisaathe. c. ___________________________ ____________________________________ d. ___________________________ ____________________________________ e. ___________________________ ____________________________________ f. ___________________________ ____________________________________ B) Menukarkan kenyataan positif kepada negative dan soalan (mudiyum x mudiyaathu dan mudiyuma?)
Ennaale (myself) + pesa mudiyum = I can talk Positif Negative Question Can Mudiyum Cannot Mudiyaathu Can? Mudiyuma? Can rum Oda mudiyum Cannot run Oda mudiyaathu Can run? Oda mudiyuma? Can walk Nadakka mudiyum Cannot walk Nadakka mudiyaathu Can walk? Nadakka mudiyuma? Can read Padikka mudiyum Cannot read Padikka mudiyaathu Can read? Padikka mudiyuma? Can talk Pesa mudiyum Cannot talk Pesa mudiyaathu Can talk? Pesa mudiyuma? Can hear Ketka mudiyum Cannot hear Ketka mudiyaathu Can hear? Keitka mudiyuma? Can write Ezhutha mudiyum Cannot write Ezhutha mudiyaathu Can write? Ezhutha mudiyuma? 2
Unnaale (yourself) + ezhutha mudiyaathu = You cannot write. Avanaale (himself) + oda mudiyum = He can run. Avallale (herself) + ketka mudiyaathu = She cannot hear. Avargalaale (themselves) + _________________________________ Enggalaale (ourselves) + ____________________________________ Unggalaale (yourself /yourselves) + _______________________________ Athaale (itself) + _________________________________________
C) Gantinama dan Nama
Gantinama Nama English Tamil English Tamil 1 I Naan Little girl Sirumi 2 We Naangga Student Maanavan 3 You Nee Students Maanavargal 4 You (pl) Neenggal Carpenter Tachchan 5 He Avan Insect Poochi 6 She Aval Elderly person Muthiyavar/kilavan 7 They Avargal Worms Puzhukkal 8 It Ithu / athu Little boy Siruvan 9 They (these) Ivai Leaves Ilaigal 10 They (those) avai Workers Velaikkaarargal 11 Who Yaar Father Appa 12 What Enna Work Velai *gal is added to a singular nounor pronoun to make it plural and to show respect.
Contoh ayat:
a. I am a student. - naan maanavan. b. You are a carpenter - nee thachchan c. They are workers. - __________________________ d. She is a little girl. - __________________________ e. He is an elderly person. - __________________________ f. ______________________ - __________________________
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D) Untuk menunjukkan kepunyaan ( + oda dengan nama atau gantinama)
Bahasa Malaysia Bahasa Tamil Bahasa Malaysia Bahasa Tamil 1 Saya punya Ennoda 2 Kami punya Enggaloda 3 Dia punya (L) Avanoda 4 Dia punya(P) Avaloda 5 Kamu punya Unnoda 6 Kamu punya (kump) Unggaloda 7 Kita punya nambaloda 8 Mereka punya Avanggaloda 9 Siapa punya? Yaaroda?
Contoh ayat: a. Ini siapa punya? - ithu yaaroda? b. Ini saya punya. - ithu ennoda c. Itu buku siapa? - _________________________ d. Yang mana kita punya? - _________________________ e. Yang mana kerja kamu? - _________________________ * ithu/intha bermaksud ini * athu/antha bermaksud itu *ethu/entha bermaksud yang mana E) Pronouns (gantinama) in the accusitive cas & verbs
Pronoun (accusitive) Verbs (commands/instruction) English Tamil English tamil 1 me Ennai 1 Look Paar 2 Us Enggalai 2 Touch Thodu 3 You Unaai 3 Ask Keil 4 You (pl/resp) Unggalai 4 Catch Pidi 5 Him Avanai 5 Deal Samali 6 Her Avalai 6 Leave Vidu 7 Them Avargalai 7 Send Anuppu 8 It Athai 8 Wake Ezhuppu 9 These Ivatrai (ivai) 9 Count Ennu 10 Those Avatrai (avai) 10 Stop Niruththu 11 Whom Yaarai 11 To invite Azhaikka 12 Which Ethai 12 To give Kodukka
Contoh ayat (+ ai)
a. Tangkap saya. (Catch me) - ennai pidi. 4
b. Nak panggil siapa? (Whom to invite?) - yaarai koopida. (azhaikka)? c. Hantar mereka. (Send them) - ____________________________ d. Nak beri yang mana? (Which one to give?) - ____________________________ e. _____________________________ - ____________________________
F) Pronouns (gantinama) denoting association & verbs (kata kerja)
Pronoun (associative) Verbs (commands/instruction) English Tamil English Tamil 1 With me Ennodu 1 Accept seirthukkol 2 With us Enggalodu 2 Touch Thodu 3 With you Unnodu 3 Walk Nada 4 With you(pl/resp) Unggalodu 4 Go Po 5 With him Avanodu 5 Associate Pazhagu 6 With her Avalodu 6 Speak Pesu 7 With them Avargalodu 7 Play Vilaiyaadu 8 With it Athodu 8 Eat Saappidu 9 With these Ivatrodu *ithunggalodu 9 Think Yosi 10 With those Avatrodu *athunggalodu 10 Take away Kondu po 11 With whom Yaarodu 11 To eat Saappida 12 With what Ethodu 12 To combine seirkka
Contoh ayat: (+ odu) a. Cakap dengan dia. (Speak with her.) - avalodu pesu. b. Main dengan mereka. (Play with them.) - avargalodu vilaiyaadu. c. Makan dengan siapa? (Eat with whom?) - _____________________________ d. Pergi dengan dia. (Go with him.) - _____________________________ e. ________________________________ - _____________________________
G) Pronouns in the instrumental case & verbs.
Pronouns (instrumental) Verbs (infinitive) Engliah Tamil English Tamil 1 By Me Ennaal 1 To deal Samalikka 2 By Us Enggalaal 2 To come Vara 3 By You Unnaal 3 To do Seyya 4 By You (plural/ respect) Ungalaal 4 To suppress Adakka 5 By Him Avanaal 5 To turn Thiruppa 5
6 By Her Avalaal 6 To speak Pesa 7 By Them Avargalaal 7 To stand Nirka 8 By It Adanaal 8 To stop Thadukka 9 By these Ivatraal 9 To walk Nadakka 10 By those Avatraal 10 To give Thara 11 By who Yaraal 11 To buy Vanga 12 By what Ethanaal 12 To open Thirakka
Contoh: (+ aal) Contoh: a. Engalaal(by us) + seyya(to do) + mudiyaathu = Engalaal seyya mudiyathu . (It is not possible by us to do) b. Ethanaal(by what) + tirakka(to open) + mudiyum= Ethanaal tirakka mudiyum? (With what is it possible to open?) c. ____________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________
Pronouns (dative) Abstract Nouns English Tamil English Tamil 1 For me Enakku 1 Peace Nimmathi 2 For us Enggalukku 2 Grouse Varuttham 3 For you Unakku 3 Protection Kaaval 4 For you (Pl/Resp) Unggalukku 4 Pleasure Magilchi 5 For him Avanukku 5 Tiredness Aluppu 6 For her Avalukku 6 Praise Paarathu 7 For them Avargalukku 7 Concern Kavalai 8 For it Atharkku 8 Fear Acham 9 For these Ivaigalukku 9 Support Aatharvu 10 For those Avaigalukku 10 Enthusiasm Uukkam 11 For whom Yaarukku 11 Need Tehvai 12 For what etharkku 12 Use Ubhayogam
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Exercise : Pair the appropriate pronouns and abstract nouns from above. (+kku)
a) Avalukku(for her) + aatharavu(support) = avalukku aatharavu (support for her)
b) Yaarukku(for whom) + Thevai(need) = Yaarukku thevai? (For whom is the need?)
c) ____________________________________________________________________
I) Pronouns in the locative case & Abstract / General Nouns
Pronouns (locative) Abstract & General Nouns English Tamil English Tamil 1 In me Ennidam 1 Belief Nambikkay 2 In Us Enggalidam 2 Suspicion Sandhegam 3 In you Unnidam 3 Anger Koobam 4 In you (plural/respect) Unggalidam 4 Defeat Tholvi 5 In him Avanidam 5 Courage Tunichal 6 In her Avalidam 6 Affection Anbu 7 In them Avargalidam 7 Argument Vaatham 8 In it Athil 8 Attention Gavanam 9 In these Ivaigalil 9 Confusion Kullapam 10 In those Avaigalil 10 Truth Unmai 11 In whom Yaaridam 11 Grouse Varuttham 12 In what Ethil 12 Interest Akkarai
Contoh: (+ idam / ila) a. Unnidam(In you) + Koobam(anger) = Unnidam koobam (angry with you)
b. Ethila(In what) + akkarai(Interest) = Ethila akkarai? (Interest in what?)
c. __________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________
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J) Pronouns in the ablative case & Abstract / General Nouns
Pronouns (ablative) Abstract & General Nouns English Tamil English Tamil 1 From me Ennidam irunthu 1 Money Kaasu 2 From us Enggalidam irunthu 2 Honey Thein 3 From you Unnidam irunthu 3 Fragrance Manam 4 From you (plural/respect) Unggalidam irunthu 4 Reward Parisu 5 From him Avanidam irunthu 5 Censure Vasavu 6 From her Avalidam irunthu 6 Flower Puu 7 From them Avargalidam irunthu 7 Blessing Aasi 8 From it Athil irunthu 8 Respect Mariyathai 9 From these Ivaigalil Irunthu 9 Affection Anbu 10 From those Avaigalil irunthu 10 Advice Ubathesam 11 From whom Yaaridam irunthu 11 Reply Bathil 12 From what Ethil irunthu 12 Sweetness inippu
Contoh: (+ idam irunthu)
a) Athil irunthu(from it) + manam(fragrance) = athil irunthu manam (Fragrance from it) b) Yaaridam irunthu(From whom) + bathil(reply) = Yaaridam irunthu bathil? (Reply from whom?) c) ________________________________________________________________________ d) ________________________________________________________________________
K) Nouns and case endings
No Noun Case Letters Attached Resultant Word Meaning 1 Subjective Nil Payyan Boy 2 Accusative + ai Payyan + ai = payannai The boy 3 Instrumental + al Payyan + al = payyanal By the boy 4 Associative + odu Payyan + odu = payyanodu With the boy 5 Dative + ukku Payyan + ukku = payanukku To/for the boy 6 Ablative + idam irunthu Payyan + idam irunthu = payyanidam irunthu From the boy 7 Genitive / Possessive + udaya Payyan + udaya = payyanudaya Boys 8 Locative + idam Payyan + idam = payyanidam In the boy
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L) Verbs and Tenses
Present Future Past 1 st person + kiren + ven / ppen + tten / nen 2 nd person + kirai + vai / ppay + ttai / nay 3 rd person + kirar + var / ppar + ttar / nar
No Verb Person Present tense Future tense Past tense Remarks 1 Po (go) 1 st person Pogiren Poven Ponen 2 2 nd person Pogirai Povai Ponai 3 3 rd person pogirar povar Ponar 4 Sey (do) 1 st person Seygiren seyven Seythen 5 2 nd person seykirai seyvai seythai 6 3 rd person Seykirar seyvar seythar 7 Va (come) 1 st person varugiren varuven vanthen 8 2 nd person varugirai varuvai vanthai 9 3 rd person varugirar varuvar vanthar 10 Nil (stand) 1 st person Nirkiren Nirpen Ninren 11 2 nd person Nirkirai Nirpai Ninrai 12 3 rd person nirkirar nirpar Ninrar 13 Sappidu (eat) 1 st person sappidukiren sappiduven Sappitten 14 2 nd person sappidukirai sappiduvai Sappittay 15 3 rd person sappidukirar sappiduvar Sappittar 16 Ta (give) 1 st person tarugiren taruven Tanthen 17 2 nd person tarugirai taruvai Tanthai 18 3 rd person tarugirar taruvar tanthar 19 Par (see/look) 1 st person parkkiren parppen Paarthen 20 2 nd person parkkirai parppai Paarthai 21 3 rd person Parkkirar parppar paartthar 22 Edu (take) 1 st person edukkiren eduppen Edutten 23 2 nd person edukkirai eduppai Eduttai 24 3 rd person edukkirar eduppar eduttar
M) Adjectives: Adjective + aana
BM Tamil Tamil 1 Tajam Koormai (sonappu) Sonappaana 2 Bersih Suththam Suththamaana 3 Tinggi Uyaram Uyaramaana 4 Pendek Kattai Kattaiaana 5 Cantik Azhagu Azhagaana 9
Contoh: a. Koormaiaana (yang tajam) + kaththi (pisau)= Koormaianaa kaththi = pisau yang tajam
b. Aazhamaana (yang dalam) + aaru (sungai)= Azhamaana aaru = sungai yang dalam
c. Thadipaana (yang tebal) + buththagam (buku)= _______________________________________________
d. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ N. Lain-lain a. vendum vendaam Dua perkataan ini mempunyai masud yang berlawanan. Vendum: mahu, perlu , vendaam: tak mahu, tak perlu Contoh: i. Enakku panam vendum = Saya mahu duit. ii. Enakku panam vendaam = Saya tak mahu duit. iii. Avalukku uthavi vendum = Dia(P) perlu bantuan. iv. Naan ezhutha vendum. = Saya mahu tulis. v. Enggalukku kathai puththagam vendaam. = Kami tak nak buku cerita. vi. Nee ennai paarkka vendaam. = Kau tak perlu jumpa saya. vii. ____________________________________________________________ viii. ____________________________________________________________ ix. _____________________________________________________________ 6 Panjang Neelam Neelamaana 7 Dalam (laut) Aazham Azhamaana 8 Lebar Agalam Agalamaana 9 Gelap/hitam Karuppu Karuppaana 10 Tumpul Mokkai Mokkaiaana 11 Tebal Thadippu thadippaana