An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects the eye.

With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the
thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye. This can be either
voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes along the eyelid margin, which serve to heighten the
protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris, as well as from perspiration. "Palpebral" (and "blepharal") means relating to
the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretions on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the
cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye
from foreign bodies.
It helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter. The cornea shares this protective task with the
eyelids, the eye socket, tears, and the sclera, or white part of the eye. Although the cornea is clear and seems to lack substance,
it is actually a highly organized group of cells and proteins. Unlike most tissues in the body, the cornea contains no blood vessels
to nourish or protect it against infection. Instead, the cornea receives its nourishment from the tears and aqueous humor that fills
the chamber behind it.
The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.
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It appears black because light
rays entering the pupil are either absorbed by the tissues inside the eye directly, or absorbed after diffuse reflections within the
eye that mostly miss exiting the narrow pupil. The pupil serves two important functions - to control the illumination in the eye, and
to improve the optical quality of the image on the retina. The first function is obvious - the smaller the hole, the less light gets in. It
therefore serves to regulate the light level within the retina. The second function is very important because as the pupil gets
larger, more aberrations are created and the image on the retina gets "messier". People with no iris (aniridia) have very poor
visual acuity because the eye can't get a sharp image, both because there is to much light (over-saturation) and because there
are lots of optical aberrations present. One final function of the pupil is to increase depth of focus, similar to an aperture stop on a
camera. This basically increases the range (distance) over which things appear sharp.
The iris controls the size of the pupil. Which in turn, controls the amount of light entering the eye.
The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various
distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina.
The retina is the photo receptive sensory layer of the back of the eye (that covers about 65 percent of its interior surface), where
the optics of the eye focuses an image of what is in front of the eye. The optic nerve carries signals from the retina to the brain,
which interprets them as visual images. The retina has two types of cells the rods and cones. The cones are responsible for color
vision while the rods provide black and white and night vision. The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on
the inside. It is located near the optical nerve. The purpose of the retina is to receive light focused from the lens, convert the light
into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain. The retina processes light through a layer of photoreceptor cells.
These are essentially light-sensitive cells, responsible for detecting qualities such as colour and light-intensity. The retina
processes the information gathered by the photoreceptor cells and sends this information to the brain via the optic nerve.
Essentially, the retina processes a picture from the focused light, and the brain is left to decide what the picture is. Due to the
retina's vital role in vision, damage to the retina can cause permanent blindness. Conditions such as retinal detachment, where
the retina is abnormally moved from its usual position, can prevent the retina from receiving or processing light, and therefore
prevents the brain from receiving this information, thus causing blindness.
The major function of Rods in the eye is that of Photo (light) reception. They are more sensitive to light thn are the cones, but are
not color sensitive,The rods are photo receptor cells found in the retina. Their main function is to help the eye see in dim light.
The aqueous is the thin, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris (anterior chamber). It is continually
produced by the ciliary body, the part of the eye that lies just behind the iris. This fluid nourishes the cornea and the lens and
gives the eye it's shape.
The vitreous humor helps keep the retina in place
The vitreous humour is a transparent jelly-like mass located behind the lens. it acts as a "suspension" for the lens so that the
delicate lens is not damaged. it helps to maintain the shape of the posterior chamber of the eyeball.
As with all nerves in the human body, the optic nerve transmits information. In this case, the optic nerve specifically transmits
information from the retina of the eye to the brain for analysis and integration, resulting in the perception of "sight".