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Cisco Expo KSA:
CCIE Voice and Advanced UC
Ben Ng, Product Mgr, L@C CCIE Exam Team
Dec 6th, 2011
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CCIE Voice Overview
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CCIE Voice certification recognizes experts with the highest level
of technical knowledge and hands-on experience in building,
configuring, and troubleshootinga Cisco Unified
Communications solution
CCIE Voice exams covers the technologies and applications that are
commonly deployed in Cisco Unified Communications networks
Introduced in September 2003
~1,700 in the world
CCIE Voice Overview
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CCIE Voice Written Exam Blueprint
Infrastructure Protocols
Cisco Unified Communications
Manager
IOS IP Telephony: Cisco
Unified Communications
Manager Express and Cisco
Unity Express
Telephony Protocols (Analog
and Digital, H.323, MGCP,
SCCP, SIP, etc.)
QoS
Operations and Network
Management
UC Security
Presence
Cisco Unified Contact Center
Express
Unified Messaging
Detailed CCIE Voice Written Blueprint on Cisco Learning Network
(CLN) Webpage:
https://l earni ngnetwork.ci sco.com/docs/DOC-8552
Major Topics Covered:
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An 8-hour, hands-on, 100-point lab exam; candidates must score 80
or above to pass
Candidate builds, troubleshoots, and optimizes a voice network to
supplied specifications on a provided Voice equipment rack
Physical cabling is done. IP routing protocol (OSPF), and WAN
(Frame Relay) are preconfigured
Unified Communications applications are installed, with some pre-
configuration of basic tasks, such as device registration and baseline
application integrations
CCIE Voice Lab Exam Overview
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Impl ement and Troubleshoot:
Campus Infrastructure and Services
CUCM and CUCME Endpoints
Voice Gateways
Call Routing Policies
High Availability Features
Media Resources
QoS and Call Admission Control
CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint (I)
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Impl ement and Troubleshoot:
QoS and Call Admission Control
Supplementary Services
Other CUCM Voice Applications
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express
Voicemail Messaging
Cisco Unified Presence
CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint (II)
Detailed CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint Is on the CLN website:
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-5281
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Cisco MCS-7845 Media Convergence Servers
Cisco 3825 Series Integrated Services Routers (ISR)
Cisco 2821 Series Integrated Services Routers (ISR)
ISR Modules and Interface Cards
VWIC2-1MFT-T1/E1
PVDM2
HWIC-4ESW-POE
NME-CUE
Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches
IP Phones (7965) and Soft Clients
CCIE Voice Lab Equipment
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Cisco Unified Communications Manager 7.0
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 7.0
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express 7.0
Cisco Unified Presence 7.0
Cisco Unity Connection 7.0
All routers use IOS version 12.4T Train.
Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches uses 12.2 Main Train
CCIE Voice Lab Software
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CCIE Voice Lab Rack Access
Comm
Server
Candi date PC
Exam
Routers
10/100/1000
LAN
HTTPS,
SSH,
VNC,
and/or
Termi nal
Servi ce
Exam
Servers
Candi date
Tel ephony
Endpoi nts
Candidate Workstation Candidate Rack
Msgs DIR
Stand-alone
Server
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CCIE Voice Lab Sample Topology
Headquarters
Router/
Gateway
Router/
Gateway
Branch Offi ce C
CUCM
Cluster
T1 T1
E1
Branch Offi ce B
FR
FR
CUCME Router/
Gateway
FR
IP WAN
PSTN
Msgs DIR
Stand-alone
Server
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Troubleshooting in CCIE Voice
Lab Exam
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Troubleshooti ng Prerequisite and Methodol ogy
Narrow the Scope
Collect Information
Analyze Data
Identify the Issue

Problem Resolution
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
1
2
3
4
5
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CCIE Lab Troubleshooting
Case Study
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CCIE Lab Troubleshooti ng Case Study:
HQ IP Phone users have reported that occasi onal l y when they
cal l PSTN numbers, they can t hear anythi ng for a few
seconds. Col l ect traces and fi nd out the reason for thi s
del ay, you must support your fi ndi ngs wi th trace anal ysi s.
4 poi nts
Lab Sampl e Questi on
A
PSTN
PRI
WAN
VV VV
WAN Router
Voice
Gateway
CUCM
HQ
Branch
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Media Gateway (MG) contains simple endpoints, which can be
either analog voice-ports (FXS/FXO/E&M) or digital (T1-PRI/T1-CAS)
voice trunks
Call intelligence of these endpoints are provided by Media Gateway
Controller (MGC) or Call Agent (CA),
in our case, the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Master/Slave relationship between MGC/CA and MG
MGCP messages are sent over IP/UDP between MGC and MG
signaling plane
Voice traffic is carried over IP/RTPdata plane
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
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Endpoints are voice ports on a MGCP gateway
Analog Endpoint Identifier
AALN/S1/SU0/0@MGCP-GWY.cisco.com: the endpoint is voice port 1/0/0 on a
gateway with hostname of MGCP-GWY and domain name of cisco.com
Digital Endpoint Identifier
S1/ds1-0/1@MGCP-GWY.cisco.com: the endpoint is
b-channel #1on T1 controller 1/0 on a gateway with hostname of MGCP-GWY and
domain name of cisco.com
MGCP Endpoi nts
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
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End Point Configuration EPCF (CA EP)
Create Connection CRCX (CA EP)
Modify Connection MDCX (CA EP)
Delete Connection DLCX (CA <-> EP)
Notification Request RQNT (CA EP)
Notify NTFY (CA EP)
Audit Endpoint AUEP (CA EP)
Audit Connection AUCX (CA EP)
Restart In Progress RSIP (CA EP)
MGCP Messages (UDP Port 2427)
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
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Cal l Manager MGCP Gateway
(1) {Stn. Off-hook}NTFY O: L/hd
(2) RQNT R: L/hu,D/[0-9*#] S:dl
{dial-tone, send digit map}
(3) {Digit:} NTFY O: 4
(4) :RQNT R: L/hu, D/[0-9*#] S:
{Turn off dial-tone}
(5) {Digit(s)...} NTFY O: 5
(6) CRCX {create connection}
Turns on ring tone
(8) MDCX {modify connection,
sends remote peer RTP info}
.
.
(7) Ack wi th l ocal RTP addr/port
MGCP Call Flow Explained (FXS):
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
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MGCP over UDP
Q.931 Backhaul over TCP
Framing and Layer 2 signaling terminates at the gateway
Q.921 status and Q.931 signal backhauled to the Cisco
CallManager
MGCP 0.1 with Cisco CallManager only
MGCP messages over UDP, port 2427
PRI Backhaul messages over TCP, port 2428
MGCP: PRI Backhaul:
Call Signaling
TDM IP
Framing
PRI Layer 3
Layer 2
Cisco CallManager
P
S
T
N
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Identi fy the i ssue/symptoms:
2
HQ IP Phones
Outbound calls to PSTN
IP Phones could not hear PSTN caller for a few
seconds
This happens on some PSTN calls, not all.
HQ IP Phone users have reported that occasi onal l y when they
cal l PSTN numbers, they can t hear anythi ng for a few
seconds. Col l ect traces and fi nd out the reason for thi s
del ay, you must support your fi ndi ngs wi th trace anal ysi s.
4 poi nts
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Narrow the scope to the cri ti cal components
3
A
PSTN
PRI
WAN
VV VV
WAN Router
Voice
Gateway
CUCM
HQ
SCCP
RTP
MGCP
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Col l ect i nformati on
4
Select the
Server
Select the Service on
Which Trace Needs to
Be Enabled
Select Service
Group
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Col l ect i nformati on
4
Set to Detailed
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Col l ect i nformati on
4
RTMT is the primary serviceability interface for unified CM
Client Downloadedvia CCMAdminApplication Plugins
Provides the following serviceability functionality
Monitor performance counters
Supports OS, unified CM application, and unity connection
Both live and historical counter data
Alert central
Trace and log central
Pre-canned screens
Syslogviewer
Device search
Analysis Manager
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Col l ect i nformati on
4
Real-Time Monitoring Tool:
Trace and Log Central Remote Browse
RMTM: Use to See
Filenames on the Servers
for One or More
Services/Applications or
System Logs or Crash
Dump Files and
Download or Delete them
Manually
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Anal yze Trace
5
CUCM sent CRCX to an endpoint:
11/22/2011 13:48:18.749 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler send msg SUCCESSFULLY to:
172.16.14.13
CRCX 107 S1/DS1-0/23@R1 MGCP 0.1
C: D0000000010000120000000000000005
M: inactive
CUCM received ACK to CRCX: in which the gateway offered RTP port number:
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler received msg from: 172.16.14.13
200 107 OK
I: 9
v=0
o=- 9 0 IN IP4 172.16.14.13
s=Cisco SDP 0
c=IN IP4 172.16.14.13
t=0 0
m=audio 18712 RTP/AVP 0 8 98 99 101 2 102 18 125
a=rtpmap:98 G.729a/8000
a=rtpmap:99 G.726-16/8000
a=rtpmap:101 G.726-24/8000
a=rtpmap:102 G.729b/8000
a=rtpmap:125 G.nX64/8000
a=X-sqn:0
a=X-cap: 1 image udptl t38
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Anal yze Trace
5
CUCM sends out Q931 Setup Msg through the BackHaul Link:
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Out Message -- PriSetupMsg -- Protocol=PriNi2Protocol
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie- Ni2BearerCapabilityIe IEData=04 03 80 90 A2
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie- Q931ChannelIdIe IEData=18 03 A9 83 97
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie- Q931CallingPartyIe IEData=6C 06 00 80 32 30 30 31
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie- Q931CalledPartyIe IEData=70 08 80 34 32 33 37 36
31 38
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|IsdnMsgData2=08 02 00 05 05 04 03 80 90 A2 18 03 A9
83 97 6C 06 00 80 32 30 30 31 70 08 80 34 32 33 37 36 31 38
Gateway backhauls Q931 Call_Proceeding to CUCM:
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|In Message -- PriCallProceedingMsg -- Protocol=
PriNi2Protocol
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|Ie- Q931ChannelIdIe -- IEData=18 03 A9 83 97
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|IsdnMsgData1=08 02 80 05 02 18 03 A9 83 97 |
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Anal yze Trace
5
CUCM told IP phone to get ready to receive audio:
11/22/201113:48:18.849 Cisco CallManager|StationD: 6e5da08 OpenReceiveChannel
CUCM send MDCX to gateway:
11/22/201113:48:18.849 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler send msg SUCCESSFULLY to:
172.16.14.13
MDCX 108 S1/DS1-0/23@R1 MGCP 0.1
C: D0000000010000120000000000000005
I: 9
X: 17
L: p:20, a:PCMU, s:off
M: recvonly
R: D/[0-9ABCD*#]
Q: process,loop
CUCM resend MDCX to gateway:
11/22/201113:48:21.929 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandlerTransId: 108 Timedout Retry#1
11/22/201113:48:25.132 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandlerTransId: 108 Timedout Retry#2
11/22/201113:48:25.132 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler received msg from: 172.16.14.13
200 108 OK
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Troubleshooti ng Step-by-step
Anal yze Trace
5
MGCP is UDP-based and therefore handles
retransmissions at the application layer
Each MGCP message must be acknowledged
CallManager will wait until the MGCP timer expires
(configured in CallManager service parameters in
CallManager administration)
MGCP gateway did not send an acknowledgement to
the MGCP message
Nearly all cases of MGCP message retransmissions
are due to packet loss in the Network
Why Was the Modify Connection (MDCX) Retransmitted?
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CCIE Preparation Resources
and Tips
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Use exam blueprint on the Cisco Learning Network (CLN)
(learningnetwork.cisco.com) page as your guide
Evaluate and determine your knowledge level and hands-on
experience in the major topic areas: exam topic check-lists are
available for each track (downloadable from CLN)
Formulate a realistic study plan according to you own work/personal
schedule, also customize it according to your technical strength
and weaknesses
Dont spend all your time and focus on collecting the exact replica of
the lab equipment rack
Seek advise, from other CCIE Voice certified engineers, on
preparation plans and tips
Exam Preparation (I)
Getting Started
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Books
No single All-in-One book that covers it all; use the suggested book list
as an reference and stay informed about any upcoming books.
Online reading resources
Abundant online documentations, write papers, and articles on
www.cisco.comwhich compliments any books on latest technical
developments
Develop a habit of utilizing and navigating the Cisco on-line documentation
at http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/psa/default.html?mode=prod
Online forums and Study Groups
Online forums and study groups on the Cisco Learning Network at
https://learningnetwork.cisco.comare excellent sources to seek technical
supports and encouragements on questions that arise during your study
process
Lab Exam Preparation (II)
Study and Practice
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Practice labs and scenarios
1. You dont need the exact lab replica to learn
2. Use the equipment which you have access to and learn each
technology thoroughly
3. Form study groups to exchange ideas and share equipment
4. Go beyond configuration, learn to debug and troubleshoot
5. Stay with real world, applicable scenarios
6. Focus on learning the technologies instead of learning only
what you think (or what youve been told) is on the lab exam
7. Stay aware and informed on up-coming new features
Voice Lab Exam Preparation (III)
Study and Practice (Cont.)
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Trainings and bootcamps
1. To get the most out of trainings and bootcamps, learn as
much material as you could _before_ you attend them
2. Leverage bootcamps for practice time on hard-to-get
equipments
3. Leverage bootcamps to enhance your in-depth knowledge
and hands-on skills on various technologies
4. Leverage bootcamps to gauge you technical and mental
readiness to take the lab exam
5. Dont attend bootcamps to learn the test
Voice Lab Exam Preparation (IV)
Study and Practice (Cont.)
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Exam Tips and
Test-Taking Strategies
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Visit lab test site the day before
Dont schedule flights too close to the
end of the exam: you should be thinking about the exam instead of
catching your flight
Avoid last minute lab material cramp
Get some sleep the night before the exam
Lab Exam Tips: Pre-Lab
Before Your Lab Exam:
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Calm
Careful
Confident
Courteous
Lab Exam Tips: In-Lab
Think the 4 Cs:
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Read the entire exam first
Read the questions very carefully: every word is in there for a reason.
Dont assume requirements that arent mentioned in a question
Some questions have multiple solutions, unless the test explicitly
asked you to use one versus another, all are valid
Excessive configurations are generally ignored during grading,
unless they interfere with expected solution
Ask the proctor for clarification
Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Understanding Exam Requirements:
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Use question point values to judge time
Know time-saving configuration techniques
Know when to move on dont spend too much time on a single task,
no matter how important you think it is
If you suspect hardware issues, notify the proctor immediately
Dont make any drastic changes towards the end of lab exam
Save your configuration frequently
Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Time Management:
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Verify, verify, verify, and verify again
Some prefer to verify after each question, others like to verify until
they finish the whole test. Its a matter of personal preference
Verify against all requirements not just basic functionalities.
Makes notes and check-lists
Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Verification:
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Troubleshooting skill is often the difference between failing and
passing
Know what and where to look for debugs and traces
Look out for those seemingly invisible typos
Remember the test lab is not your home lab addressing scheme is
different
Troubleshooting is important but dont spend all your time on one
problem
Dont let a unresolved problem impact your confidence
Again, seek the proctors assistance
Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Troubleshoot:
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Beware of rumors!
Visit the CCIE web page at: www.cisco.com/go/ccie
Support: www.cisco.com/go/certsupport
Post-lab Email: ccie-lab@cisco.com
Cheating: ccie-nda-enforcement@cisco.com
For More Information
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Q and A
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Thank you.