Titration

June11,2014
Period2

PreLabQuestions:
1.Aneutralizationiswhenanacidandbasereacttogethertoformasalt.
2.Acolorimetricindicatorisusedtotesttheconcentrationofacoloredcompoundinasolutionby
measuringitsabsorbanceofaspecificwavelengthoflight.
3.Atitrationendpointreferstoasituationwheretheindicatorchangescolorwhereasthereaction
endpointitwhenexactlyequalstoichiometricquantitiesoftheacidandbaseshavebeenmixedand
reactedtogether.
4.Thechoiceofcolorimetricindicatorusedinanacidbasetitrationissoimportantbecauseitdepends
onthetypeofacidandbaseused.Forstrongacidvsstrongbase,phenolphthaleincanbeusedasan
indicator.Forweakacidsversusstrongbases,phenolphthaleincanbeusedasanindicator.Forstrong
acidsorweakbases,methylorangecanbeusedasanindicator.
5.Ifyouhaveanaccidentatyourlaboratorybenchandspilltitrantonthebenchtop,thebestwayto
cleanitupsafelyisbycleaningalltheequipmentandthoroughlywashinganddryingthebench.

Purpose
Thepurposeofthislabistodeterminetheconcentrationofaceticacidinvinegarbytitration.Theresult
willbeexpressedasaweighttoweightpercentage(w/w%)andcomparedtotheinformationgivenon
themanufacturerslabel.

Introduction
Vinegarisacommoningredientusedincooking.Althoughtherearemanydifferenttypesofvinegar,all
typesofvinegarcontainaceticacid.Indeed,inordertobearthenamevinegar,thesolutionmuchbe
5%aceticacidinwaterbyweight.Examinationoftheproductlabelonanybottleofvinegarwillshow
thatthemanufacturerstatesthattheacidcontentis5%.
Titrationisacommonlaboratorytechniqueusedtoverifyordetermineconcentration.Titrationisa
volumetrictechniquewhereinavolumeofasolutionofknownconcentrationisreactedwithasolutionof
unknownconcentrationinordertoestablishtheconcentrationofestablishtheconcentrationofthe
unknown.Inthisexperiment,standardsodiumhydroxide,astrongbase,willbeusedtoassayvinegar
fortheconcentrationofaceticacid.Sincetheresultsfromthetitrationarebasedonvolume,some
calculationwillberequiredtoestablishtheresultsoftheassayasweightpercent.

Materials
50mLburet
ringstandwithburetclamp
10mLgraduatedcylinder
125mLErlenmeyerflask
two100mLbeakers
(about)70mL0.50MNaOH
1%phenolphthaleinindicatorinadropperbottle
distilledwaterinasquirtbottle

Procedure
BesuretorecordalldataintheDATATABLE.
1. Rinsea50mLburetthreetimeswithseveralmLofdistilledwater.Useawashbottleof100
mLbeakertotransferthewater.
2. Obtain6070mLof0.50MNaOHina100mLbeaker.
3. RinsetheburettwicewithseveralmLoftitrant.Usea100mLbeaker
4. Filltheburetwith0.50MNaOH.DrainasmallamountoftheNaOHbackintothebeakerto
ensurenobubblesaretrapped.
5. Pipet10mLofvinegarintoagraduatedcylinder.Recordinthedatatable.
6. Transferinto125mLErlenmeyerflask.
7. Add2dropsphenolphthaleinindicator.
8. Recordtheinitialvolumeoftheburetinthedatatable.Buretsarereadfromtopdown.
9. CarefullyaddNaOHfromtheburetintotheflaskcontainingthevinegaruntilacolorchange
occurs.Addthetitrantdropwisewhentheendpointisnear.Thecolorchangewillbefrom
colorlesstopink.Thefirsttitrationshouldbedonequicklytogetanideaofthevolumeneeded
toreachtheendpoint.
10. Recordthefinalvolumeoftheburetinthedatatable.
11. Disposeofthepinksolutionintheflaskdownthedrain.
12. Repeattheprocedure.YoumaynotneedtorefilltheburetifenoughNaOHremainsto
completethetrial.Thegraduatedcylindershouldberinsedwithvinegartogetridofthewater
fromthefirsttransferbeforemeasuringthesecondsample.Thesecondtrialshouldbedone
verycarefully.TheendpointhasbeenreachedwhenasingledropofNaOHresultsin
permanentlightpinksolution.
13. Repeatuntilyouhave2trialswheretheendpointwasreachedwithasingledrop.
14. DisposeofanyexcessNaOHdownthedrainwhenyouhavecompletedyourlabwork.The
NaOHsolutionshouldnotbereturnedtothereagentbottle.

RESULTS/DATA

DATATABLE:
1stTrial 2ndTrial 3rdTrial
Volumeofvinegar 10mL 10mL 10mL

MolarityofNaOH 0.5mL 0.5mL 0.5mL

InitialBuretReading 0mL 10.5mL 9.7mL
FinalBuretReading 10.5mL 20.2mL 30mL
VolumeofNaOHused 10.5mL 9.7mL 9.8mL

CALCULATIONSTABLE(filloutaftercompletingcalculationssheet)

2ndTrial 3rdtrial
MolesofNaOH(#2) 0.00485moles 0.0049moles
Molesofaceticacid(#3) 0.00485moles 0.0049moles
Molarityofaceticacidin
solution(#4)
0.485M 0.49<
Massofaceticacidinsample
(#5)
0.291grams 0.294grams
%(mass)ofaceticacid(#7) 2.91% 2.94%
AVG:%massofaceticacid
(#8)
2.925% 2.925%
%error(#9) 41.5% 41.5%

1.HCHO+NaOHHO+NaCHO

2. olarity M =
moles
volume

Trial2: .5 0 =
m
0.0097

m=0.00485

Trial3: .5 0 =
m
0.0098

m=0.0049

3.1:1ratiothereforesameas#2
Trial2:0.00485
Trial3:0.0049

4. olarity M =
moles
volume

Trial2: M =
0.01
0.00485

M=0.485

Trial3: M =
0.01
0.0049

M=0.49

5. olarity M =
g
gmuL

Trial2: .485 0 =
g
600.01

g=0.291

Trial2: .49 0 =
g
600.01

g=0.294

6.Mass=DensityVolume
Trial2,Trial3:110=10g

7.(Mass/TotalMass)100
Trial2:(0.291/10)100=2.91%

Trial3:(0.294/10)100=2.94%

8.Average=(a+b)/2
2.91+2.94=5.85
5.852=2.925%

9.%Error= 00
|
| theoretical
#actual#theoretical
|
|
1
00
|
| 5
2.0755
|
|
1
00
|
| 5
2.015
|
|
1
.415 00 0 1
1.5%error 4

Observations
AtfirstwhenNaOHisaddedtothevinegarandindicator,thesolutiondidnotchangecolor.
Afterwardsthecolorchangestoalightpinkwhichfacesawaywhenmixed.Whentherightamountof
NaOHisadded,thesolutionstaysabrightpink.
Calculations:
1. Writetheexplanationfortheneutralizationofaceticacidbysodiumhydroxide.
2. DeterminethenumberofmolesofNaOHusedtoneutralizetheaceticacidinthe
vinegarinthetrialsthatendedwithasingledropattheendpoint(theseareacceptable
trials).
3. HowmanymolesofaceticacidwereneutralizedbytheNaOHineachacceptabletrial?
4. Determinethemolarityoftheaceticacidinthesolutionineachacceptabletrial.
5. Calculatethemassofaceticacidinthesampleofvinegarforeachacceptabletrial.
6. Foreachacceptabletrial,calculatethemassofthevinegarusedassumethedensityis
1.0gper1.0mL.
7. Calculatethemasspercentageofaceticacidfromtheacceptabletrials.
8. Findtheaveragethemasspercentageofaceticacidfromtheacceptabletrials.
9. Theaceticacidmasspercentageonthevinegarlabelis5%.Assumingthisiscorrect,
whatisthepercenterrorofyourexperimentalresult?Youranswerhaveonsignificant
figure.

PostLabQuestions:
1. Thephenolphthaleinchangeincolorfromclearandcolorlesstopinkattheendofeachtitration
tellsyouthereactionbetweenthesodiumhydroxidesolutionandtheaceticacidinthevinegar
hasreacheditsendpoint.
2. Itwasimportanttoperformseveraltrialsduringthisexperimenttoreceiveaccurateresultsand
calculations.Thefirsttrialwasusedtoobtainanideaofapproximatelyhowmuchvolumeis
neededtoreachtheendpoint.Thetrialsafterthatshouldbeaccurate.
3. If0.5MCa(OH)wereusedinsteadof0.5MNaOH,thevolumeneededtoreachthe
endpointineachtitrationwouldhavechangedsinceCa(OH)containsonemoreOHionthan
NaOH.Theseionsareresponsibleforcausingtheneutralizationprocess,thereforelesstitrant
wouldhavebeenrequiredtoreachtheendpoint.

CONCLUSION
Theexperimentteachesstudentshowtodeterminetheconcentrationofaceticacidthroughthe
laboratorytechniqueoftitration.Studentslearnhowtouseandreadaburet.Theexperimentreinforces
knowledgeonhowtoexpressresultswithinequationslikeweight/weightpercentandpercenterror.