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PROCESS SELECTION PROCESS SELECTION

Presentasi Kuliah
TKI-313 SistemProduksi
Jurusan Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Dosen : Much Djunaidi
Introduction
Process selection
Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be
organized
Major implications Major implications
Capacity planning
Layout of facilities
Equipment
Design of work systems
Process Selection and System Design
Forecasting
Product and
Capacity
Planning
Facilities and
Equipment
Product and
Service Design
Technological
Change
Process
Selection
Layout
Work
Design
Process Strategy
Key aspects of process strategy
Capital intensive equipment/labor
Process flexibility
Technology Technology
Adjust to changes
Design
Volume
Technology
Technology
6-5
Technology: The application of scientific
discoveries to the development and improvement of
products and services and operations processes.
Technology innovation: The discovery and Technology innovation: The discovery and
development of new or improved products, services,
or processes for producing or providing them.
Kinds of Technology
Operations management is primarily concerned
with three kinds of technology:
Product and service technology
Process technology
Information technology Information technology
All three have a major impact on:
Costs
Productivity
Competitiveness
Technology Competitive Advantage
Innovations in
Products and services
Cell phones
PDAs
Wireless computing Wireless computing
Processing technology
Increasing productivity
Increasing quality
Lowering costs
Technology Acquisition
Technology can have benefits but
Technology risks include:
What technology will and will not do
Technical issues
Economic issues
Initial costs, space, cash flow, maintenance
Consultants and/or skilled employees
Integration cost, time resources
Training, safety, job loss
Process Selection
Variety
How much
Flexibility
Job Shop
Batch
Repetitive
Flexibility
What degree
Volume
Expected output
Job Shop
Repetitive
Continuous
Process Types
Job shop
Small scale
Batch
Moderate volume
Repetitive/assembly line
High volumes of standardized goods or services
Continuous
Very high volumes of non-discrete goods
Product and Service Processes
Process Type
Job Shop
Appliance repair
Emergency room
Ineffective
Batch
Commercial
baking
Classroom
Lecture
Repetitive
Automotive
assembly
Automatic
carwash
Continuous
(flow)
Ineffective Steel Production
Water purification
Product Process Matrix
Dimension
Job
variety
Very High Moderate Low Very low
Process Very High Moderate Low Very low Process
flexibility
Very High Moderate Low Very low
Unit cost Very High Moderate Low Very low
Volume of
output
Very High Low High Very low
6-12
Product and Process Profiling
Process selection can involve substantial investment in
Equipment
Layout of facilities
Product profiling: Linking key product or service
requirements to process capabilities requirements to process capabilities
Key dimensions
Range of products or services
Expected order sizes
Pricing strategies
Expected schedule changes
Order winning requirements
Automation
Automation: Machinery that has
sensing and control devices that enables
it to operate
Fixed automation
Programmable automation
Automation
Computer-aided design and manufacturing
systems (CAD/CAM)
Numerically controlled (NC) machines
Robot Robot
Manufacturing cell
Flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
Facilities Layout
Layout: the configuration of departments, work
centers, and equipment, with particular
emphasis on movement of work (customers or
materials) through the system
Product layouts
Process layouts
Fixed-Position layout
Combination layouts
Objective of Layout Design
1. Facilitate attainment of product or service quality
2. Use workers and space efficiently
3. Avoid bottlenecks
Minimize unnecessary material handling costs 4. Minimize unnecessary material handling costs
5. Eliminate unnecessary movement of workers or
materials
6. Minimize production time or customer service time
7. Design for safety
Importance of Layout Decisions
Requires substantial investments of money and
effort
Involves long-term commitments Involves long-term commitments
Has significant impact on cost and efficiency of
short-term operations
The Need for Layout Decisions
Inefficient operations
For Example:
High Cost
Bottlenecks
Changes in the design
of products or services
Bottlenecks
The introduction of new
products or services
Accidents
Safety hazards
The Need for Layout Design (Contd)
Changes in
environmental
or other legal
requirements
Changes in volume of
output or mix of
products
6-20
Changes in methods
and equipment
Morale problems