Donaldson Best Example of Oil Cleanliness

c o m p a r i s o n g u i d e
A Companion Booklet to be used with The Portable Fluid Analysis Kit

TM
OIL FILTRATION
SYST E MS, I NC.
FLUID CLEANLINESS
c o m p a r i s o n g u i d e
A Companion Booklet to be used with The Portable Fluid Analysis Kit
FLUID CLEANLINESS
1
Simply pull
a 25 ml fluid
sample through
a Patch
Membrane
Filter and compare
oil sample particle
distribution with the
Fluid Cleanliness Comparison
Guide to assign an ISO
Cleanliness Code.
Introduction
f l u i d c l e a n l i n e s s c o m p a r i s o n g u i d e
Portable Fluid Analysis Kit
Particle Count Range can be
determined in as little as 10 minutes.
For complete Operating Instructions,
see page 18 (operating manual).
Using the Patch Test Method, a user can reliably assign a
three-digit cleanliness code to any given sample based on
photomicrograph comparisons of known samples. These
known samples are the results of
particle counts achieved by
standards as set forth in
ISO 4406-1999.
The kit effectively
monitors particulate
contamination in all
hydrocarbon-based
hydraulic fluids,
bulk chemicals, and
lubrication fluids.
The Donaldson - Portable Fluid Analysis Kit was developed to enable a person to conduct
immediate on-site oil analysis in as little as 10 minutes.
1
Simply pull
a 25 ml fluid
sample through
a Patch
Membrane
Filter and compare
oil sample particle
distribution with the
Fluid Cleanliness Comparison
Guide to assign an ISO
Cleanliness Code.
Introduction
Particle Count Range can be
determined in as little as 10 minutes.
For complete Operating Instructions,
see page 18 (operating manual).
Using the Patch Test Method, a user can reliably assign a
three-digit cleanliness code to any given sample based on
photomicrograph comparisons of known samples. These
known samples are the results of
particle counts achieved by
standards as set forth in
ISO 4406-1999.
The kit effectively
monitors particulate
contamination in all
hydrocarbon-based
hydraulic fluids,
bulk chemicals, and
lubrication fluids.
The Donaldson - Portable Fluid Analysis Kit was developed to enable a person to conduct
immediate on-site oil analysis in as little as 10 minutes.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
56
37
25
3
3
40-80
20-40
2.5-5
13
12
9
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Magnification: 100 x
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
Scale: 1 Division = 14 m
2
13129
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
Very little contamination is present.
The visible particle is an oxidized ferrous particle.
P A R T I C L E C O U N T S U M M A R Y
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
221
154
66
15
10
160-320
80-160
10-20
15
14
11
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
3
151411
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The visible contaminate is silica.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
587
222
104
30
13
320-640
160-320
20-40
16
15
12
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
4
161512
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The visible contamination is primarily metallic
with some silica and fiber particles.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
1,978
396
230
60
24
1,300-2,500
320-640
40-80
18
16
13
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
5
181613
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The visible contamination is primarily silica with
some metallic, oxidized ferrous and rust particles.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
3,548
892
456
120
46
2,500-5,000
640-1,300
80-160
19
17
14
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
6
191714
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The visible contamination includes silica
with metallic and rust particles.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
7,514
3,431
1,514
480
84
5,000-10,000
2,500-5,000
360-640
20
19
16
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
7
201916
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The visible contamination includes silica,
metallic and rust particles.
14,992
8,688
3,570
900
437
10,000-20,000
5,000-10,000
640-1,300
21
20
17
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
8
212017
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The contamination is primarily silica with
some metallic and rust particles.
A slight degree of oxidized ferrous
particles are also present.
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
57,030
31,964
14,400
3,750
811
40,000-80,000
20,000-40,000
2,500-5,000
23
22
19
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
9
232219
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
The contamination is primarily metallic
with additional silica contaminants, and
a few rust particles and oxidized ferrous
metal particles.
373,430
155,635
59,999
15,000
1,160
320,000-640,000
80,000-160,000
10,000-20,000
26
24
21
Particle Size
(in microns)
4
6
10
14
25
Number per ML.
Greater Than Size
Particle
Count Range
Range
Code
Fluid Volume: 25 ml
10
262421
20 30 40 50 60 10 70
CLEANLINESS CODE
Photo Analysis
This sample is highly contaminated
with silica,metallic, rust and
carbon (such as coal) particles.
23
22
19
11
Silica
Bright Metal
Types of Contamination
Photo Analysis
Most commonly sand or
dust associated with airborne
contamination containing hard,
translucent particles.
Photo Analysis
Most commonly products of
component wear and fluid
breakdown within the system.
Visible contaminant will usually
appear to contain shiny metallic
particles of various colors.
20 30 40 50 60
20 30 40 50 60
2 3
2 2
1 9
12
20 30 40 50 60
Black Metal
20 30 40 50 60
Rust
c o n t i n u e d
Photo Analysis
Most commonly products of
component wear within the system.
Contaminants are primarily oxidized
ferrous metal particles.
Photo Analysis
Most commonly seen when water is
present in the system. Contaminants
contain dull orange or brown particles.
23
22
19
20 30 40 50 60
13
Fibers
20 30 40 50 60
Cake of Fines/
Precipitate
c o n t i n u e d
Photo Analysis
Most commonly generated
by paper products and fabrics.
Sources of contamination also
include cellulose filter media
and shop rags.
Photo Analysis
A very high concentration of
silt-size particles and/or additive
package ingredients will build up on
the patch membrane obscuring all
other contaminants. If the additive
package breaks down in this way
and drops out of solution (uniform
size and color), it is no longer per-
forming its intended function.
14
20 30 40 50 60
Gel Cake
c o n t i n u e d
Photo Analysis
A dense accumulation on the
analysis membrane that makes
particle contamination evaluation
an impossibility.
Note:
All images contained in this
guide are for comparison
and evaluation purposes
only. Actual results will vary
depending upon specific
conditions and levels of
contaminants.
15
Cleanliness
Understanding
ISO
Codes
The ISO Cleanliness Code references the number of
particles greater than 4, 6, & 14 microns in one milliliter
of fluid. The results of particle counting are plotted on
the adjacent logarithmic graph. The corresponding ISO
Range Code, shown above, gives the cleanliness code
number for each of the three parti cl e si zes.
Particle Size, Micrometers
PARTI CL E COUNT SUMMARY
Particle
Size
(in microns)
430.0
90.0
44.0
21.0
3.0
9.5
16
14
12
Number per
ML. Greater
Than Size
Range
Code
4
6
10
14
25
50
161412
Note: each increase in range number represents
a doubling of the contamination level.
*
10,000,000
1,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
150,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
15,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,500
500
400
300
200
150
50
40
30
20
15
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.15
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.015
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1.0
.1
.01
1 10
2 5 15
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

P
a
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t
i
c
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s

G
r
e
a
t
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r

T
h
a
n

S
i
z
e

P
e
r

M
i
l
i
l
i
t
e
r
*
10,000,000
5,000,000
2,500,000
1,300,000
640,000
320,000
160,000
80,000
40,000
20,000
10,000
5,000
2,500
1,300
640
320
150
80
40
20
10
5
2.5
1.3
.6
.3
.15
.08
.04
.02
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Range
Code
Comparison
ISO/NAS/SAE
O i l F i l t r a t i o n S y s t e m s
Chart
...relate to particle
count data only.
To conform to any
particular standard,
reference should
be made to
the recommended
experimental procedure.
BS 5540/4
ISO/DIS 4406
CODE
NAS 1638
CLASS
SAE 749
CLASS
11/8
12/9
13/10
14/9
14/11
15/9
15/10
15/12
16/10
16/11
16/13
17/11
17/14
18/12
18/13
18/15
19/13
19/16
20/13
20/17
21/14
21/18
22/15
22/17
2
3
4
10
11
12
0
1
The comparisons
at right...
16
17
Many petroleum products are graded according to the ISO
Viscosity Classification System, approved by the International
Standards organization (ISO).
Viscosity
Classification Equivalents
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
80
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
2000
10000
8000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1500
1000
800
600
500
400
300
300
200
100
90
80
70
60
55
50
45
40
200
150
100
80
70
60
50
40
35
30
Viscosities can be related horizontally only.
Viscosities based on 96 VI single grade oils.
ISO are specified at 40C.
AGMA are specified at 40C.
SAE 75W, 80W, 85W and 5W & 10 W specified at
low temperature. Equivalent viscosities for 100 &
210F are shown.
SAE 90 to 250 and 20 to 50 specified at 100C.
250
140
90
85W
80W
75W
10W
20
30
40
50
1500
1000
680
460
320
220
150
100
68
46
32
22
15
10
7
5
3
2
8A
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
5W
S
E
A

G
R
A
D
E
S
G
E
A
R

O
I
L
S
S
A
E

G
R
A
D
E
S
C
R
A
N
K
C
A
S
E

O
I
L
S
A
G
M
A

G
R
A
D
E
S
I
S
O

V
G
SAYBOLT
VISCOSITIES
KINEMATIC
VISCOSITIES
SUS/
100F
SUS/
210F
cSt/
40C
cSt/
100C
Each ISO
viscosity grade
number
corresponds to
the mid-point of a
viscosity range
expressed in
centistokes (cSt)
at 40C.
For example, a
lubricant with an
ISO grade of 32
has a viscosity
within the range
of 28.8 - 35.2,
the midpoint of
which is 32.
Rule-of-Thumb:
The comparable
ISO grade of a
given product
whose viscosity in
SUS at 100F is
known can be de-
termined by using
the following
conversion formula:
SUS @ 100 F5=
cSt @ 40C.
1 8
This booklet is designed to be a quick and easy reference guide to be used along with our Portable
Fluid Analysis Kit. Using the Patch Test Method, a user can reliably assign a three-digit cleanliness
code to any given sample based on photomicrograph comparisons of known samples. These known
samples are the results of particle counts achieved by standards as set forth in ISO 4406-1999.
Manual
Assemble the pump and funnel assembly and screw on empty
sample bottle.
Place solvent dispensing bottle filter on spout of solvent dispensing
bottle.
Wash funnel with solvent and pull solvent through assembly with
hand-operated vacuum pump.
Pl ace a patch membrane i n the f unnel assembl y.
Pour the fluid sample into the funnel and fill to the 25 ml level.
Pull sample through patch membrane with hand-operated vacuum
pump.
Wash funnel with solvent and pull through patch membrane with
hand-operated vacuum pump.
When sample passes completely through patch membrane, remove
membrane with forceps, place on clean index card and immediately
cover with adhesive analysis lamination cover.
View patch membrane through microscope and compare sight
screen from 100x microscope to various pictures shown in this
Comparison Guide to assign the appropriate ISO cleanliness code.
Portable Fluid Analysis KIT
Instructions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
p a g e 1 ( o f 2 )
19
The Kit includes the following components:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Item# Description Qty
Solvent dispensing bottle filters
120 ml sample bottles
Membrane filter forceps
Microscope pen light
1000 ml solvent dispensing bottle
Membrane holder & funnel assembly
100X microscope
Heavy-duty carrying case
Easy-vac hose
1
100
1
2
3
1
50 ea.
50
1
Manual
Scissors (for opening packets)
3x 5 analysis cards
Beaker
Keys for case
Syringes
Water Test Kit
0.8 & 5.0 micron membrane filters
Reagent A for water analysis
Hand-actuated vacuum pump
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
11
14
16
18
13
7
10
12
15
17
p a g e 2 ( o f 2 )
19
The Kit includes the following components:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Solvent dispensing bottle filters
120 ml sample bottles
Membrane filter forceps
Microscope pen light
1000 ml solvent dispensing bottle
Membrane holder & funnel assembly
100X microscope
Heavy-duty carrying case
Easy-vac hose
1
100
1
2
3
1
50 ea.
50
1
Manual
Scissors (for opening packets)
3x 5 analysis cards
Beaker
Keys for case
Syringes
Water Test Kit
0.8 & 5.0 micron membrane filters
Reagent A for water analysis
Hand-actuated vacuum pump
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
11
14
16
18
13
7
10
12
15
17
p a g e 2 ( o f 2 )

Donaldson Best Example of Oil Cleanliness

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c o m p a r i s o n g u i d e

A Companion Booklet to be used with The Portable Fluid Analysis Kit

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