Islamint2h tcm4-239685

Religious, Moral and
Philosophical Studies
World Religions Islam
[INTERMEDIATE 2; HIGHER]
Amanullah De Sondy
in collaboration with
Brady Robertson
2
Religious, Moral and Piloso!i"al #$udies In$ermedia$e 2% Higer
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Te #"o$$is 'uali(i"a$ions Au$ori$) regularl) re*ie+s $e arrangemen$s (or Na$ional
'uali(i"a$ions, -sers o( all N' su!!or$ ma$erials, +e$er !u.lised .) /T #"o$land or
o$ers, are reminded $a$ i$ is $eir res!onsi.ili$) $o "e"0 $a$ $e su!!or$ ma$erials
"orres!ond $o $e re1uiremen$s o( $e "urren$ arrangemen$s,
Acknowledgement
/earning and Tea"ing #"o$land gra$e(ull) a"0no+ledge $is "on$ri.u$ion $o $e Na$ional
'uali(i"a$ions su!!or$ !rogramme (or RMP#,
2irs$ !u.lised 2334
Tis !u.li"a$ion ma) .e re!rodu"ed in +ole or in !ar$ (or edu"a$ional !ur!oses .)
edu"a$ional es$a.lismen$s in #"o$land !ro*ided $a$ no !ro(i$ a""rues a$ an) s$age,
I#5N 6 789:: 3;; <
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land 2
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CO!"!S
#ntroduction
#$a(( guide
#$uden$ guide
$
%
Section &% Islam% an o*er*ie+ '
Section () !he human condition
Wa$ does i$ mean $o .e uman> &*
Te na$ure o( Alla &$
Te na$ure o( umani$) &'
Predes$ina$ion and (ree +ill (&
#u((ering (%
#a.r% !a$ien"e ('
Re!en$an"e *&
Re*ision e?er"ises *(
Section *) !he goals
#u.mission $o $e +ill o( Alla **
Section +) !he ,inal aim o, e-istence
/i(e a($er dea$% Te immor$ali$) o( $e soul *%
Resurre"$ion +.
@udgemen$ da) +(
A0ira% Paradise and ell +$
/i$eral and s)m.oli" unders$andings o( li(e a($er dea$ +%
Re*ision e?er"ises +'
Section $) !he means
Te +ill o( Alla% Te 'urAan and MuammadAs e?am!le $.
Te na$ure and sour"es o( #aria $&
Te *ie+s o( #unni and #iAi$e Muslims on s!iri$ual au$ori$) $'
Section /) !he practices that help to achie0e the goals o, #slam
Te 2i*e Pillars /&
A"$ions $o+ards o$ers %(
Re*ision E?er"ises %$
Appendices
A!!endi? 6% Te manda$or) sour"es %/
A!!endi? 2% Glossar) 1&
A!!endi? 9% Te (amil) 1+
A!!endi? 8% 2ur$er reading 1/

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#!ROD2C!#O
Sta,, guide
Tese su!!or$ no$es sould .e read in "onBun"$ion +i$ $e "urren$ Na$ional -ni$
#!e"i(i"a$ion #$a$emen$ o( #$andards, +i" is $o .e (ound on $e #"o$$is
'uali(i"a$ion Au$ori$)As +e. si$e% +++,s1a,org,u0
#ntroduction
Te uni$ CWorld ReligionsA is designed $o allo+ s$uden$s $e o!!or$uni$) $o
"onsider and de*elo! $eir o+n unders$anding o( a +orld religion, Ea" religion
as de*elo!ed (rom an"ien$ $ea"ings and !iloso!ies, .u$ $roug $e
"en$uries $ese de*elo!men$s a*e gi*en rise $o a *arie$) o( di((eren"es o(
in$er!re$a$ion and em!asis in .elie( and !ra"$i"e, #$ud)ing a +orld religion is no$
limi$ed $o loo0ing a$ $e +a) $e religion s$ar$ed, .u$ sould also "onsider i$s
*arious de*elo!men$s and in(luen"e +i$in and ou$+i$ i$s "oun$r) o( origin, +i$
!ar$i"ular re(eren"e $o i$s "on$inuing signi(i"an"e in $e "on$em!orar) +orld,
Islam is a +orld religion $a$ is no$ s!e"i(i" $o an) one lo"a$ion in $e +orld,
Tis !ar$i"ular uni$ (o"uses on Islam $roug $e (ollo+ing organising !rin"i!les%
The Human Condition: $e +a) li(e is
Wa$ is $e uman "ondi$ion>
Wa$ is $e "ause o( $e uman "ondi$ion>
The Goals: $e +a) $o su""ess
Wa$ are $e goals during li(e>
Wa$ is $e (inal aim o( e?is$en"e>
The Means: o+ $o a"ie*e $e goals $o su""ess
Ho+ are $e goals a"ie*ed>
Wa$ !ra"$i"es el! $o a"ie*e $e goals>
I$ is im!or$an$ $a$ s$uden$s a*e an unders$anding o( $ese organising !rin"i!les
in $emsel*es, sin"e $e) +ill !ro*ide $e main (rame+or0 $roug +i" s$uden$s
anal)se and ul$ima$el) e*alua$e $e .elie(s and !ra"$i"es in $e manda$or)
"on$en$, Tese "on"e!$s $ere(ore need $o .e unders$ood, anal)sed and "ri$i"all)
e*alua$ed in de$ail during $e learning and $ea"ing !ro"ess, Tis does no$ mean
$a$ o$er as!e"$s o( $e religion need no$ .e $aug$, as $e s$ud)ing o( an) +orld
religion re1uires 0no+ledge and unders$anding o( all as!e"$s o( $a$ s)s$em o(
.elie( and !ra"$i"e,
Te manda$or) "on$en$ a$ Higer le*el is as (ollo+s $ose $o!i"s mar0ed D are
also assessed a$ In$ermedia$e 2 le*el%
!he human condition)
Alla $e na$ure o( God D
Te na$ure and im!or$an"e o( umani$) D
Predes$ina$ion
2ree +ill D
Re!en$an"e
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#!ROD2C!#O
!he goals)
/i*ing in su.mission D
/i(e a($er dea$% $e immor$ali$) o( $e soul D
Resurre"$ion and @udgemen$ Da) D
A0ira% Paradise and Hell D
/i$eral and s)m.oli" unders$andings
o( li(e a($er dea$ D
!he means)
Re*ela$ion o( AllaAs +ill% Te 'urAan and
MuammadAs e?am!le D
Te na$ure and sour"es o( #aria
Te *ie+s o( #unni and #iAi$e Muslims
on s!iri$ual au$ori$) D
Te 2i*e Pillars D
A"$ions $o+ards o$ers D
Te iden$i(i"a$ion o( .elie(s and !ra"$i"es +i" are manda$or) is a use(ul me$od
(or en"ouraging s$uden$s $o de*elo! 0no+ledge, unders$anding, anal)sis, and
e*alua$ion, .u$ $e) sould also .e lin0ed in su" a +a) as $o !ro*ide a "oeren$
+orld*ie+ and s$an"e (or li*ing, Te s$uden$ sould $ere(ore .e a.le $o
a!!re"ia$e o+ $ese .elie(s and !ra"$i"es (un"$ion +i$in $e "on$e?$ o( $e
religious +orld*ie+ as a +ole, Islam is a +a) o( li(e (or Muslims and so i$ is
im!or$an$ $a$ s$uden$s unders$and $e +a) a Muslim li*es,
3earning and teaching approaches
Tea"ers a*e $eir o+n s$ra$egies and !re(erred +a)s o( doing $ings, Eer$ainl)
$e re"ommenda$ion o( *arie$) is im!or$an$ +en "onsidering $e di((eren$
learning s$)les o( indi*idual s$uden$s or grou!s, I$ is im!or$an$ $a$ s$uden$s see
$e religion as a li*ing e?!erien"e (or i$s (ollo+ers and no$ Bus$ a is$ori"al or
!iloso!i"al !enomenon, To $is end s$uden$s sould .e en"ouraged $o ma0e
use o( e?!erien"es +ere $e) "ome in$o "on$a"$ +i$ real&li(e si$ua$ions and
*ie+s gained *ia reading, audio&*isual ma$erials, (ield $ri!s and *isi$ing s!ea0ers,
I$ +ould also .e ad*isa.le $o "onsider in*i$ing Muslims $o $e "lass $o !resen$ a
session on o+ $e) li*e $eir (ai$ in "on$em!orar) #"o$land,
Wen anal)sing and e*alua$ing "on"e!$s i$ mus$ .e remem.ered $a$ man)
(ollo+ers o( religions are no$ a"ademi"s, and $eir !ersonal s$and!oin$s ma) la"0
"onsis$en") +en measured agains$ $e $ea"ings o( $e religion i$sel( F$e
in$er!re$a$ion o( an) religion .) i$s (ollo+ers ma) .e *ariedG, None$eless, i$ is
im!or$an$ $o unders$and $e di((eren$ *ie+s o( a"ademi"s +i$in $e s$ud) o( $is
religion, I$ is also *alua.le (or s$uden$s $o e?amine religious .elie(s in rela$ionsi!
$o $eir o+n e?!erien"e o( $e +orld,
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#!ROD2C!#O
/earning $e"ni1ues +ill $a0e a *arie$) o( (orms, .u$ $e $ea"ing o( an) religion
lends i$sel( $o $e (ollo+ing%
dire"$ $ea"ing
in(orma$ion ga$ering (rom $e?$.oo0s, *ideos, ED&RHMs, e$",
seminar&$)!e de.a$e or "lass dis"ussion
s$uden$ !resen$a$ion
role !la) as in mo"0 TI in$er*ie+s
e?"ursions $o $e lo"al mos1ue
*isi$ing s!ea0ers (rom $e (ai$ "ommuni$),
Te 'urAani" *erses are +ri$$en in $e (orma$ F2%92G, +i" "an .e unders$ood as
Ea!$er 2 Ierse 92, Te Jusu( Ali $ransla$ion as .een used in all "ases,
Te $erm Alla is $e Ara.i" +ord (or God; .o$ $erms FAlla and GodG are used
$rougou$ $is !u.li"a$ion,
Tu$ors sould .e a+are o( di((eren$ !rogression rou$es (or s$uden$s, !ar$i"ularl)
+i$in $e "on$e?$ o( organising $ea"ing grou!s in $e one "lass, Assessmen$
sould $a0e !la"e in a "on$inuous +a) $a$ is in$egra$ed +i$ learning and
$ea"ing and in(orms $e ne?$ s$e!s in learning, #u" "on$inuous assessmen$
sould $a0e !la"e alongside $e more (ormal assessmen$ re1uired (or e?$ernal
e?amina$ion,
Tese su!!or$ no$es +ill el! $ea"ers and s$uden$s $o .e"ome (amiliar +i$ $e
im!or$an$ .elie(s and !ra"$i"es o( Islam and $o unders$and o+ $e) rela$e $o $e
organising !rin"i!les used in $e World Religions uni$, Te no$es are in$ended $o
.e onl) an in$rodu"$ion and i$ is re"ommended $a$ $e) .e su!!lemen$ed .) a
range o( resour"es in order $o e?$end and de*elo! a .e$$er 0no+ledge and
unders$anding,
Te aims o( $ese no$es are $o assis$ s$uden$s $o%
de*elo! 0no+ledge and unders$anding o( .elie(s and !ra"$i"es o( Muslims,
(a"ili$a$e unders$anding o( $e rela$ionsi! .e$+een $e organising !rin"i!les
anal)se di((eren$ *ie+!oin$s on 0e) as!e"$s o( Islam .) re(eren"e $o a .road
range o( sour"es
en"ourage e*alua$ion o( $e im!a"$ o( $e $ea"ing o( Islam on Muslim li(e
$oda),
A .road range o( sour"es sould .e "onsidered $o ena.le "andida$es ade1ua$el)
$o demons$ra$e 0no+ledge and unders$anding, anal)sis and e*alua$ion,
Te In$erne$ is a good sour"e (or s$uden$sA (ur$er resear" and unders$anding
.u$ i$ is ad*isa.le $o moni$or $e si$es +i" are used as $ere is a large !ool o(
in(orma$ion $a$ is a*aila.le and no$ ne"essaril) relia.le, Tere is a small
sele"$ion o( +e.si$es and sour"es lis$ed in A!!endi? 8,
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land <
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#ntroduction
Student guide
An introduction to the organising principles
!ime ,or discussion) 4hat is li,e all about5
Ha*e )ou e*er seriousl) 1ues$ioned +a$ li(e is all a.ou$> Does uman li(e a*e
a !ur!ose or a meaning>
Does uman li(e a*e a s!e"ial *alue>
Is dea$ $e a.solu$e end o( uman e?is$en"e>
Is $ere more $o a uman .eing $an $a$ +i" is !)si"al>
Religions re!resen$ some o( $e mos$ de*elo!ed ans+ers $o li(eAs dee!es$
1ues$ions $a$ umans a*e "ome u! +i$, E*er) religion re!resen$s a !ar$i"ular
+orld*ie+, al$oug no$ all +orld*ie+s are religious, A +orld*ie+ is, in i$s mos$
.asi" (orm, a !ersonAs +a) o( unders$anding $e +orld, We all need $o
unders$and $e +orld a.ou$ us in one +a) or ano$er,
Religious +orld*ie+s a*e de*elo!ed o*er man) "en$uries, Te) re!resen$ a +a)
o( unders$anding $e +orld +i" is e?!ressed $roug .elie(s, Tese .elie(s are
o($en "om!le? ideas $a$ see0 $o e?!lain o+ ea" religious +orld*ie+ ans+ers
a$ leas$ $ree main 1ues$ions a.ou$ li(e%
What is the human condition? i,e, +a$ does i$ mean $o .e a uman .eing> In
o$er +ords, +) is li(e $e +a) i$ is>
What are the goals of life? i,e, +a$ are +e $r)ing $o a"ie*e in li(e> In o$er
+ords, +a$ is li(e (or>
What are the means of achieving lifes goals? i,e, +a$ +a) o( li(e sould +e
(ollo+> In o$er +ords, o+ sould I li*e>
An) religion )ou s$ud) "an .e anal)sed a""ording $o o+ i$ ans+ers $ese
1ues$ions, 2or our !ur!oses +e sall re(er $o $em as Corganising !rin"i!lesA, Te
organising !rin"i!les are $e uman "ondi$ion, $e goals and $e means,
Hn"e )ou unders$and a religious +orld*ie+, or an) o$er +orld*ie+, )ou "an
.egin $o unders$and +) di((eren$ !eo!le a!!roa" li(e in di((eren$ +a)s, 2rom
$is )ou "an .egin $o de*elo! an unders$anding o( di((eren$ !ers!e"$i*es on moral
and so"ial issues, As )ou (ind )oursel( agreeing or disagreeing +i$ $ese
di((eren$ !ers!e"$i*es )ou +ill .e Budging (or )oursel( +e$er $e 0e) "on"e!$s
.eind $em are s$ill im!or$an$ (or !eo!le in $oda)As +orld,
Wile +or0ing on $is uni$ )ou +ill de*elo! s0ills o( knowledge and understanding
o( religious .elie(s, skills of analysis o( di((eren$ .elie(s, and also skills of
evaluation o( $e im!a"$ o( $ese .elie(s on $e li(e o( Muslims $oda),
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land ;
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#ntroduction
2nit content
Te uni$ e?amines Islami" .elie( and !ra"$i"e .) loo0ing a$ "er$ain "on"e!$s in
rela$ion $o $e $ree organising !rin"i!les, Te manda$or) "on$en$ a$ Higer le*el
is as (ollo+s $ose $o!i"s mar0ed D are also assessed a$ In$ermedia$e 2 le*el%
!he human condition)
Alla $e na$ure o( God D
Te na$ure and im!or$an"e o( umani$) D
Predes$ina$ion
2ree +ill D
Re!en$an"e
!he goals)
/i*ing in su.mission D
/i(e a($er dea$% $e immor$ali$) o( $e soul D
Resurre"$ion and @udgemen$ Da) D
A0ira% Paradise and Hell D
/i$eral and s)m.oli" unders$andings
o( li(e a($er dea$ D
!he means)
Re*ela$ion o( AllaAs +ill% Te 'urAan and
MuammadAs e?am!le D
Te na$ure and sour"es o( #aria
Te *ie+s o( #unni and #iAi$e Muslims
on s!iri$ual au$ori$) D
Te 2i*e Pillars D
A"$ions $o+ards o$ers D
Student activities
6, E?!lain in )our o+n +ords +a$ ea" o( $e organising !rin"i!les is,
2, Wa$ s0ills +ill )ou de*elo! +ile +or0ing $roug $is uni$>
9, Ho+ do )ou $in0 $ese s0ills +ill el! )ou +en )ou lea*e s"ool>
8, E?!lain o+ s$ud)ing $e *ie+s o( o$ers "an el! )ou de*elo! )our o+n
o!inions>
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S"C!#O &
#slam 6 an o0er0iew
Te roo$ o( CIslamA and CMuslimA is an Ara.i" +ord $a$ +ould .e CslmA in Englis
F$ere are no *o+els in Ara.i"G; i$ means C$o gain !ea"e $roug surrender or
su.mission $o AllaA, Tis surrender is s)m.olised and e?em!li(ied in $e a"$ions
o( Muslims a$ e*er) s$age in $eir li(e,
4hat do you think5
Wa$ does i$ mean $o surrender>
Wa$ does i$ mean $o su.mi$>
Are $ese !osi$i*e or nega$i*e +ords>
Te +ord Islam "an also mean C!ea"eA and i$ is +i$ $e s!e"ial gree$ing o( s!
"alamu laikum # !ea"e .e u!on )ouA $a$ Muslims gree$ ea" o$er,
Te +ord CIslamA is +idel) unders$ood $o mean $e religion o( $e Muslims% a
mono$eis$i" (ai$ Fi,e, .elie( in one GodG as re*ealed in i$s "om!le$ed (orm
$roug Muammad $e Pro!e$ and /as$ Messenger o( God F" 4;3<92 EEG,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla "ose $o re*eal His message $o $e !ro!e$
Muammad $roug a series o( messages, and $a$ $ese !ro!e$i" messages or
re*ela$ions are re!rodu"ed in Ara.i" in $e Hol) 'urAan e?a"$l) as $e) +ere
di"$a$ed $o $e !ro!e$,
Muammad +as $e las$ in a series o( !ro!e$s s$ar$ing +i$ Adam, $e (irs$
uman .eing "rea$ed .) Alla, Alla as re*ealed His +ill in !as$ ages $roug
$e $ea"ings o( A.raam, Moses and @esus $o men$ion onl) $e leading
!ro!e$s, Muammad +as C$e sealA or (inal !ro!e$ +o "orre"$ed and !er(e"$ed
$e !re*ious re*ela$ions,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ i$ is no$ enoug Bus$ $o .elie*e in God .u$ $ere as $o .e a
!)si"al mani(es$a$ion o( $is .elie(, Te C2i*e PillarsA o( Islam are $e +a) in
+i" .elie(s are !u$ in$o !ra"$i"e, I$ is im!or$an$ $o a*e .elie( in $e ar$i"les o(
(ai$ and $en mo*e on $o $e !ra"$i"e,
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land :
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#S3AM) A O7"R7#"4
Source
I .elie*e in Alla,
in is angels
in is re*ealed .oo0s
in all o( is !ro!e$s
in $e Da) o( @udgemen$
in $a$ e*er)$ing .o$ good and .ad
"omes (rom im,
and in li(e a($er dea$,
Mu,assal 8,aith in detail9
Te (irs$ !illar is $e !ro(ession and "on(ession o( (ai$ F$e #aadaG in $e
de"lara$ion o( $e s$a$emen$, CTere is onl) one God "alled Alla, Muammad is
$e messenger o( AllaA, Tis de"lara$ion is rein(or"ed .) means o( $e regular
!res"ri.ed $imes o( !ra)er, Regular !ra)ers F#alaG are ne"essar) $o !rodu"e a
"ons$an$ a$$i$ude o( su.mission and remem.ran"e $o $e +ill o( Alla sin"e
uman .eings are +a)+ard .) na$ure, Tis a$$i$ude sould .e a$ $e ear$ o(
e*er) as!e"$ o( li(e (or a Muslim,
#in"e all +o !ros$ra$e $emsel*es in su.mission $o $e +ill o( Alla, !)si"all)
and men$all), are e1uals ea" !erson .eing !u$ on ear$ $o a"$ as GodAs
re!resen$a$i*e all are uni$ed in (ai$ and !ra"$i"e, I$ (ollo+s (rom $is $a$ "are
(or $e !oor and $e less (or$una$e is a du$), as i$ +ould .e among mem.ers o( a
(amil), Muslims .elie*e $a$ a !or$ion o( $eir sa*ings or asse$s sould .e gi*en $o
el! $ose $a$ are less (or$una$e FKa0a$G,
2as$ing F#aumG during $e mon$ o( Ramadan is ano$er means o( .uilding a
"lose rela$ionsi! +i$ God, I$ allo+s Muslims $o $in0 a.ou$ $ings $a$ $e) $a0e
(or gran$ed; and i$ is also in$ended $o "leanse $e indi*idual o( $ose +orldl)
$ings $a$ mig$ in$er(ere +i$ is or er remem.ran"e o( Alla, 2as$ing sould
lead $o a s$reng$ening o( "ommi$men$ $o a more God&"ons"ious +a) o( li(e,
#imilarl), $e !ilgrimage FHaBBG $o Ma00a For Me""aG is $e su!reme a"$ o(
rededi"a$ion (or $ose +o "an a((ord $e Bourne) +ils$ main$aining $e
ne"essar) !ro*ision (or $eir de!endan$s, Te HaBB is a (o"us o( uni$) (or Muslims,
Te C2i*e PillarsA o( Islam as !ra"$ised $oda) "an .e $ra"ed .a"0 $o $e $ea"ings
and $e e?am!le o( Muammad, @us$ .e(ore e died e deli*ered is (amous
(are+ell sermon, sa)ing% CToda), I a*e !er(e"$ed )our religion [Islam] (or )ou,A
Wile $e 'urAan is $e "en$ral au$ori$) in Islam, $ere are o$er re"ognised
sour"es o( au$ori$), Te Hadi$ is a "olle"$ion o( sa)ings and a"$ions (rom $e li(e
o( $e !ro!e$ Muammad, and $e #arAia is a se$ o( la+s $a$ $r) $o a!!l) $e
!rin"i!les o( $e 'urAan $o e*er)da) li(e,
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#slam)An O0er0iew
All Muslims .elie*e $a$ li(e is o!en $o $e s"ru$in) o( Alla, and $a$ ea" !erson
is a""oun$a.le $o Alla (or all $eir deeds, good and .ad, Tere +ill .e a grea$
@udgemen$ Da) +en $e $rials o( $is li(e are o*er, and Alla +ill de"ide $e
e$ernal des$in) o( ea" !erson, Tis Budgemen$ +ill .e .ased on a rig$ a$$i$ude
$o+ards Alla, s!e"i(i"all) on a genuine (ai$ rela$ionsi!, and on good +or0s,
+i" sould !ro"eed (rom $is "on(ession o( (ai$,
Islam is a ra!idl) gro+ing +orld religion and is said $o .e $e (as$es$ gro+ing
religion in $e modern +orld, I$ "laims *er) near $o one .illion .elie*ers +o are
+idel) s!read a"ross $e +orld, Wi$ $e dail) media s!o$lig$ on $is (ai$ and i$s
(ollo+ers i$ is a religion $a$ is o($en misre!resen$ed; no+ i$As $ime (or )ou $o
e?!lore $is +orld (ai$ (or )oursel(,
This world ma$ shows the Muslim $o$ulation %y continents
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#slam) An O0er0iew
Student activities
6, Wa$ do Muslims unders$and .) $e +ord CIslamA>
2, Ho+ and +en do Muslims .elie*e $e religion o( Islam +as re*ealed>
9, Ho+ does Islami" !ra)er el! Muslims su.mi$ $eir li*es $o God>
8, Iden$i() $e 2i*e Pillars o( Islam, 5rie(l) e?!lain +) $ese !illars are
im!or$an$ (or Muslims, Re(er $o ea" !illar,
4, A!ar$ (rom $e 'urAan +a$ o$er sour"es do Muslims use $o guide $em on
o+ $o li*e $eir li(e>
<, Wa$ "allenges do Muslims (a"e +en +or0ing ou$ o+ $o li*e $eir li*es
$oda)>
;, Wa$ .ene(i$s do Muslims e?!erien"e +en using $e 'urAan as a sour"e o(
guidan"e>
7, Wa$ do )ou .elie*e is $e mos$ im!or$an$ !ar$ o( .eing a Muslim> E?!lain
)our ans+er,
:, In +a$ +a)s is Islam misre!resen$ed in $e media>
63, Wa$ do )ou .elie*e is $e solu$ion $o $is !ro.lem>
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S"C!#O (
!he :uman Condition
4hat does it mean to be human5
In $is se"$ion +e are going $o loo0 a$ some o( $e ans+ers $a$ a Muslim !erson
mig$ gi*e $o $is 1ues$ion, 5e(ore +e do, i$ +ill .e el!(ul $o $in0 a.ou$ )our o+n
ideas and e?!erien"es o( +a$ i$ is li0e $o .e a uman .eing, We are all di((eren$
in so man) +a)s +e loo0 di((eren$, a*e di((eren$ li*es and e?!erien"es .u$
+e all a*e $e "ommon e?!erien"e o( li*ing a uman li(e,
Student activities
6, Tin0 a.ou$, dis"uss and re"ord )our "lassAs ideas a.ou$, or ans+ers $o,
$ese 1ues$ions%
FaG Were does uman li(e "ome (rom>
F.G Wa$ di((eren$ $ings ma0e u! a uman .eing>
F"G Wa$ ma0es uman li(e a!!) and enBo)a.le>
FdG Wa$ ma0es uman li(e una!!) and di((i"ul$>
FeG Wa$ do uman .eings need (or sur*i*al>
2, Ta0e a no$e o( all $e di((eren$ ideas )ou a*e dis"ussed and re*ie+
$em .e(ore "om!le$ing $e ne?$ e?er"ise,
FaG Eir"le all $e ideas +i" )ou $in0 el! $o des"ri.e +a$ i$ is li0e $o .e a
uman .eing,
F.G -se $ese ideas $o el! )ou ma0e u! )our o+n C!ro(ileA o( a uman
.eing, Jou "an !resen$ )our ideas as a !ie"e o( +ri$ing, a !oem or use
$em $o "om!le$e $e (a"$ (ile on $e ne?$ !age,
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!he :uman Condition
;act ,ile) !he human being
6, Te origins o( uman li(e%
2, Te di((eren$ !ar$s $a$ ma0e u! a uman .eing%
9, Te $ings +i" ma0e li(e a!!) and enBo)a.le%
8, Te $ings +i" ma0e li(e una!!) and di((i"ul$%
4, Te essen$ials (or uman sur*i*al%
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!he :uman Condition
!he ature o, Allah
Muslims .elie*e in one uni1ue God +o is no$ .orn nor gi*es .ir$, does no$ a*e
a se? and as no !ar$ners or e1uals, Muslims re(er $o $e .elie( $a$ $ere is one
su!reme God as Ta+id, Tere is no o$er god .u$ God, Alla as (ull 0no+ledge
o( all $a$ is seen and unseen, $e +orld +e li*e in and $e +orld a+ai$ing, Tis
God is immanen$, i,e, ere +i$ us, "lose a$ and, C!ermanen$l) !er*ading $e
uni*erseA FC"loser $an $e Bugular *ein in $e ne"0A, $o 1uo$e (rom $e 'urAanG, 5u$
$is same God is also $rans"enden$, i,e, one +o e?is$s a!ar$ (rom and is no$
su.Be"$ $o $e limi$a$ions o( $e "rea$ed uni*erse, God is no$ Bus$ one, or $e o$er,
.u$ .o$ simul$aneousl), Tis idea o( God is $ere(ore some$ing o( a m)s$er),
one +ose *er) na$ure is .e)ond all $a$ +e "an imagine or unders$and,
In Islam $e em!asis is u!on $e .elie( $a$ Alla as no el!ers or asso"ia$es,
AllaAs "rea$i*e !o+er is $o$al,
Mandatory source
4:, #a)% Praise .e $o Alla, and Pea"e on is ser*an$s +om He as "osen F(or is
MessageG, FWoG is .e$$er> Alla or $e (alse gods $e) asso"ia$e F+i$ HimG>
<3, Hr, Wo as "rea$ed $e ea*ens and $e ear$, and Wo sends )ou do+n rain
(rom $e s0)> Jea, +i$ i$ We "ause $o gro+ +ell&!lan$ed or"ards (ull o( .eau$) o( delig$%
i$ is no$ in )our !o+er $o "ause $e gro+$ o( $e $rees in $em, FEan $ere .e ano$erG
god .esides Alla, Na), $e) are a !eo!le +o s+er*e (rom Bus$i"e,
<6, Hr, Wo as made $e ear$ (irm $o li*e in; made ri*ers in i$s mids$; se$ $ereon
moun$ains immo*a.le; and made a se!ara$ing .ar .e$+een $e $+o .odies o( (lo+ing
+a$er> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god .esides Alla, Na), mos$ o( $em 0no+ no$,
<2, Hr, Wo lis$ens $o $e FsoulG dis$ressed +en i$ "alls on Him, and Wo relie*es i$s
su((ering, and ma0es )ou Fman0indG ineri$ors o( $e ear$> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god
.esides Alla, /i$$le i$ is $a$ )e eedL
<9, Hr, Wo guides )ou $roug $e de!$s o( dar0ness on land and sea, and Wo
sends $e +inds as eralds o( glad $idings, going .e(ore His Mer")> FEan $ere .e
ano$erG god .esides Alla, Hig is Alla a.o*e +a$ $e) asso"ia$e +i$ HimL
<8, Hr, Wo origina$es "rea$ion, $en re!ea$s i$, and +o gi*es )ou sus$enan"e (rom
ea*en and ear$> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god .esides Alla, #a), M5ring (or$ )our
argumen$, i( )e are $elling $e $ru$LN
<4, #a)% None in $e ea*ens or on ear$, e?"e!$ Alla, 0no+s +a$ is idden% nor "an
$e) !er"ei*e +en $e) sall .e raised u! F(or @udgemen$G,
'urAan 2;%4:<4
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!he :uman Condition
6, Dis"uss Muslim .elie(s "on"erning $e uni1ueness and na$ure o( God,
Re(er $o $e (ollo+ing $erms in )our ans+er% Ta+id, immanen$,
$rans"enden$, Read 'urAan 662 (or an unders$anding o( Ta+id,
2, Read 'urAan 2;%4:<4, Wa$ do $ese *erses $ell us a.ou$ God as
Erea$or>
9, Te !assage a.o*e also re(ers $o o$er as!e"$s o( AllaAs na$ure, Go
on $o dis"uss +a$ else is $aug$ a.ou$ Alla in $is !assage,
8, Wi" *erses +ould +orr) a +rongdoer> E?!lain +),
4, Wa$ im!a"$ do )ou $in0 (ai$ in $e God, re*ealed in $is !assage,
+ould a*e on Muslims $oda)>
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land
St udent act i vi t i es
6<
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!he :uman Condition
Risalah) prophecy
Muslims .elie*e in a lo*ing God +o +ould no$ allo+ !eo!le $o go $roug li(e
una+are o( o+ $e) sould .e li*ing,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ uman0ind "ra*es unders$anding o( li(e and $e uni*erse,
He loo0s (or a "loser rela$ionsi! +i$ God .u$ a$ $e same $ime is e((or$s are
(rus$ra$ed due $o mis"on"e!$ions and dis$ra"$ions, He s$ra)s (rom $e rig$ !a$ $o
a "loser rela$ionsi! +i$ God,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla !ro*ided (or umani$) all $a$ $e) need (or a a!!)
li(e% +e$er (or $eir !)si"al or emo$ional needs; or (or $eir 0no+ledge o( $e
na$ure o( $e uni*erse; or (or guidan"e on morali$),
2or Muslims $e grea$ness and !o+er o( God means $a$ e "anno$
"ommuni"a$e dire"$l) +i$ umans, and )e$ is "om!assion means $a$ e
"anno$ Bus$ lea*e $em $o ma0e a mess o( $eir li*es, Te "annel o(
"ommuni"a$ion .e$+een God and umani$) is 0no+n as Risala, Muslims .elie*e
$a$ Alla !asses is message dire"$l) in$o $e minds o( !ro!e$s FRasulG +o
!ass $is dire"$l) $o $e res$ o( umani$), Tese messages are 0no+n as
re*ela$ion, Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla as "ommuni"a$ed $o !eo!le $roug man)
!ro!e$s in"luding Adam, A.raam and @esus, Te !ro!e$s o( @udaism and
Eris$iani$) are also $e !ro!e$s o( Islam, Ho+e*er, $e !ro!e$ +i" Muslims
"onsider $o .e mos$ *alua.le is Muammad, Tis is $e (irs$ re*ela$ion
Muammad re"ei*ed (rom Alla,
Source
6, Pro"laimL For readLG in $e name o( $) /ord and Eeriser, Wo "rea$ed
2, Erea$ed man, ou$ o( a FmereG "lo$ o( "ongealed .lood%
9, Pro"laimL And $) /ord is Mos$ 5oun$i(ul,
8, He Wo $aug$ F$e use o(G $e !en,
4, Taug$ man $a$ +i" e 0ne+ no$,
<, Da), .u$ man do$ $ransgress all .ounds,
;, In $a$ e loo0e$ u!on imsel( as sel(&su((i"ien$,
7, Ieril), $o $) /ord is $e re$urn Fo( allG
'u rAan :<%67
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land 6;
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!he :uman Condition
6, W) do Muslims .elie*e $e) need $e "ommuni"a$ion $a$ is !assed $o
$em (rom Alla>
2, W) doesnA$ Alla Bus$ s!ea0 $o !eo!le i( e +ises $o "ommuni"a$e +i$
us>
9, Wa$ 0ind o( in(orma$ion is re*ealed .) God>
8, Wa$ does $e e?is$en"e o( di*ine re*ela$ion re*eal a.ou$ $e na$ure o(
Alla>
Student activities
67
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!he :uman Condition
!he nature o, humanity
No$ing is su!erior $o umans e?"e!$ Alla imsel(, no$ e*en $e angels,
Ho+e*er Muslims do no$ .elie*e $a$ Alla made umans $o loo0 li0e Him, Wen
$e 'urAan re(ers $o Alla as CHeA i$ is no$ $o sugges$ $a$ CeA is male or uman, i$
is Bus$ a and) re(eren"e, I$ is re"ognised $a$ all o( uman language is 1ui$e
inade1ua$e $o des"ri.e Alla, Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla "rea$ed uman .eings
originall) Adam and E*e $o .e $e "lima?, C$e !inna"leA o( $e +ole o( $e
"rea$ed order, Adam +as "rea$ed $o .e AllaAs de!u$) or ear$l) re!resen$a$i*e
FOali!a or CEali!AG, Humans +ere made (or a s!e"ial !ur!ose% $o do GodAs
+or0 ere on ear$, As su" umans +ere gi*en some degree o( au$ori$) o*er
"rea$ion, .u$ no$ "om!le$e au$ori$), e,g, $o a.use or des$ro) i$, Humans +ere
"rea$ed $e mos$ im!or$an$ o( all, so $a$ $e) "ould $a0e "are o( +a$ +as
"rea$ed,
Source
93, 5eold, $) /ord said $o $e angels% MI +ill "rea$e a *i"e&regen$ on ear$,N Te)
said% MWil$ Tou !la"e $erein one +o +ill ma0e mis"ie( $erein and sed .lood>
+ils$ +e do "ele.ra$e T) !raises and glori() T) ol) FnameG>N He said% MI 0no+ +a$
)e 0no+ no$,N
96, And He $aug$ Adam $e na$ure o( all $ings; $en He !la"ed $em .e(ore $e
angels, and said% MTell me $e na$ure o( $ese i( )e are rig$,N
92, Te) said% MGlor) $o Tee, o( 0no+ledge We a*e none, sa*e +a$ Tou Has$
$aug$ us% In $ru$ i$ is Tou Wo ar$ !er(e"$ in 0no+ledge and +isdom,N
99, He said% MH AdamL Tell $em $eir na$ures,N Wen e ad $old $em, Alla said%
MDid I no$ $ell )ou $a$ I 0no+ $e se"re$s o( ea*en and ear$, and I 0no+ +a$ )e re*eal
and +a$ )e "on"eal>N
98, And .eold, We said $o $e angels% M5o+ do+n $o AdamN and $e) .o+ed do+n,
No$ so I.lis% e re(used and +as aug$)% e +as o( $ose +o reBe"$ 2ai$,
'urAan 2%9398
All uman .eings are o( e1ual *alue .e(ore Alla, Human li(e is a $rial or $es$, and
o( limi$ed dura$ion; ea" !ersonAs li(e +ill "on$ain a di((eren$ se$ o( e?!erien"es,
#ome o( $ese e?!erien"es +ill arise ou$ o( $e use or $e misuse o( (ree +ill, and
$e "onse1uen"es o( su" "oi"es, good or .ad, ma) im!a"$ on a !erson or $eir
"ildren, Tere(ore umans do no$ al+a)s remain e1ual, e?"e!$ in $e sig$ o(
Alla,
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!he :uman Condition
Muslims .elie*e $a$ e*er) !erson as a s!iri$ual na$ure, +i" is 1ui$e dis$in"$ $o
$a$ indi*idual, I$ is "alled a CrouA, or soul, @us$ as .odil) e?er"ise ma) el! a
!erson $o de*elo! !)si"all), $e rig$ use o( oneAs inner s!iri$ual na$ure +ill
!rodu"e a C.e$$erA !erson% one +o is in $une +i$ Alla and see0s a($er His +ill,
We ea" a*e $e gi($ o( (ree +ill, and an inner sense o( +a$ is ineren$l) rig$ or
+rong Fmoral la+ +i$inG, Te rig$ e?er"ise o( $is +ill lead $o rig$ a"$ions,
su!!or$ed .) a C"lear "ons"ien"eA For sense o( !ea"e, +ell&.eing, a!!inessG,
Te soul is $e real !erson, I$ "an de*elo! or degenera$e, .u$ i$ "anno$ s$and s$ill
.e"ause li(e in*ol*es a series o( de"isions,
All o( uman li(e is .u$ a sor$ s!an, /i(e is a $es$ and a $rial, Alla allo+s ea"
soul $o ina.i$ a .od) (or a "er$ain $ime, and $en "omes dea$, +en $e soul is
se!ara$ed (rom $e .od) un$il $e C/as$ Da)A, Ten $e reuni$ed .od) and soul +ill
(a"e $e our o( @udgemen$ in $e !resen"e o( Alla, Muslims $o$all) reBe"$ all
ideas o( rein"arna$ion, We do no$ li*e again on ear$ as di((eren$ !eo!le, Ea"
!erson, ea" soul, +ill a*e $o gi*e an a""oun$ o( imsel(Persel( $o Alla +en
$is one sor$ li(e is o*er,
Student activities
6, Wa$ do Muslims mean +en $e) re(er $o uman .eings as $e !inna"le
o( "rea$ion>
2, Wa$ s!e"ial res!onsi.ili$) do uman .eings a*e as GodAs
re!resen$a$i*es F0ali!as or C"ali!sAG>
9, W) did $e angels o.Be"$ +en God said e +ould "rea$e a *i"e&regen$>
Do )ou $in0 $ese o.Be"$ions +ere Bus$i(ied>
8, Ho+ did Alla re!l) $o $ose o.Be"$ions> Wa$ do )ou $in0 $is re*eals
a.ou$ $e na$ure o( Alla>
4, W) is i$ $a$ al$oug uman .eings +ere "rea$ed e1ual $e) do no$
a!!ear $o .e e1ual>
<, In +a$ +a)s are !eo!le une1ual in $oda)As so"ie$)>
;, Do )ou agree $a$ all uman .eings +ere .orn e1ual> Gi*e reasons (or
)our ans+er,
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!he :uman Condition
Predestination and ,ree will
A .rie( loo0 a$ $e +orld $oda) $ells us $a$ i$ is no$ as good a !la"e as i$ "ould .e,
We mig$ +onder +), in $is da) and age, +e s$ill s$ruggle $o su!!l) e*er)
!erson in $e +orld +i$ $eir .asi" needs and rig$s, Is $ere some$ing +rong
+i$ !eo!le $a$ $e) "anno$ seem $o li*e in !ea"e, armon) and Bus$i"e +i$
ea" o$er> Te ne+s is o($en (ull o( s$ories a.ou$ $e e*il $a$ !eo!le do, Wa$
role do !eo!le a*e in $e "rea$ion o( $is e*il> Is i$ all $e (aul$ o( uman .eings
or is $e God +o made $em $o .lame>
;ree will
A""ording $o Islam, Alla "rea$ed e*er) uman .eing +i$ an in&.uil$ sense o(
rig$ and +rong, Tis Cmoral la+ +i$inA is so+n .) $e "ons"ien"e, H( "ourse,
$e "ons"ien"e "an .e sensi$i*e and +ell $rained, or "rused and ignored, We
"an use or misuse $is gi($, Alla see0s $o guide and $o guard our $in0ing .)
.ringing $o mind as!e"$s o( $e moral la+ +i$in our "ons"ien"e, or $e so"ial la+
gi*en in $e 'urAan, a""ording $o our !ar$i"ular needs, Alla does no$ "on$rol our
$in0ing and no one "an .e"ause o( our (ree +ill, He res!e"$s our gi($, our
(reedom $o "oose, and He ne*er see0s $o domina$e our minds and our +ill in a
"oer"i*e +a),
Eou!led +i$ $is !ersonal inner sense o( rig$ and +rong, and $e a.ili$) $o $in0
and reason, is o( "ourse $e a.ili$) $o "oose, In !ra"$i"e, +e ma0e "oi"es
$oge$er, +e li*e in (amil) uni$s +i$in a !ar$i"ular so"ie$) or "ul$ure, .u$ +e also
ma0e !ersonal "oi"es, 2or e?am!le, our .ea*iour, +i" is uman a"$ion
de$ermined .) "oi"es, ma) +ell .e sa!ed and !a$$erned .) our !aren$al
u!.ringing, our !eer grou! or our so"ie$), .u$ a$ $e end o( $e da), as adul$s, +e
are s$ill (ree $o "on(orm or $o re.el, We "an s$ri*e $o do good and model oursel*es
on !osi$i*e role models, or +e "an .e laQ) or e*il and $a0e as our role models
$ose +o do arm $o o$ers,
#o +i$ $is gi($ o( (ree +ill "omes an enormous res!onsi.ili$), Muslims .elie*e
Alla gi*es us $e a.ili$) and $e o!!or$uni$) $o do good, .u$ +e also a*e $e
a.ili$) and o!!or$uni$) $o do $e o!!osi$e and, +en +e die, +e +ill .e Budged
a""ording $o $e !a$ +e a*e "osen, Tis $en is $e uman "ondi$ion, and $is
is !re"isel) +a$ se$s us a!ar$ (rom $e animal orders o( "rea$ion,
Te $rou.le is $a$ +e uman .eings are gi*en o*er $o idola$r), CIdola$r)A li$erall)
means $e +orsi! o( idols .u$ does no$ re(er onl) $o .o+ing .e(ore and
+orsi!!ing a s$a$ue or image, Peo!le are e1uall) guil$) o( idola$r) i( $e) (ill $eir
ear$s and minds +i$ s$rong desires (or mone), +eal$ and ma$erial
!ossessions, An)$ing $a$ is !u$ in $e !la"e $a$ sould .e reser*ed (or Alla in
our li*es .e"omes an idol, A""ording $o Islam, +e are all guil$) o( $is in *ar)ing
degrees, Ta$ also is !ar$ o( $e uman "ondi$ion,
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!he :uman Condition
#o +) do +e misuse our (ree +ill> W) do +e !ersis$ in +rongdoing> Is i$
.e"ause +e see e*er)one else doing i$> Is i$ .e"ause +e are all "rea$ures o(
a.i$> Hne age&old ans+er as .een $o .lame $e De*il FI.lisG, Eer$ainl) $a$ as
al+a)s .een a !ar$ o( $e Muslim ans+er, Ho+e*er Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e De*il
"an onl) in(luen"e uman $in0ing and su.se1uen$ !a$$erns o( .ea*iour, He
"anno$ C$a0e us o*erA or "on$rol us "om!le$el), or .e .lamed (or our a"$ions a$
leas$, no$ unless +e (reel) agree $o $is,
A$ $e end o( $e da) +e mus$ re"ognise $a$ our o+n uman na$ures are sel(is
and "orru!$, Wen +e re.el agains$ Alla, and sin, +e a*e $o e?er$ oursel*es in
a de$ermined manner .) C$urning a+a)A (rom +a$ +e 0no+ is rig$, A($er+ards i$
.e"omes eas), and some o( us (ind i$ easier $o do e*il deeds ra$er $an good, In
doing $is +e (orge$ AllaAs +ill, and .) $urning (rom $e moral la+ +i$in and
+i$ou$ +e ma0e His +ill seem insigni(i"an$,
Student activities
6, In +a$ +a)s is $e +orld $oda) no$ as good as i$ "ould .e>
2, Wa$ do Muslims unders$and .) $e sin o( idola$r)> Wa$ idols do
!eo!le a*e in so"ie$) $oda)>
9, W) do +e do +a$ +e 0no+ is +rong> Wa$ do )ou $in0> Is i$
.e"auseR
FaG +e are $aug$ $o do so .) our !aren$s and (riends>
F.G +e re"ei*e e*il sugges$ions (rom +i$in our minds, or (rom $e
De*il>
F"G +e sim!l) C(ollo+ $e "ro+dA and do +a$ $e) do +e do no$
$in0 (or oursel*es>
FdG +e "anno$ el! i$ +e are Bus$ made $a$ +a)>
Gi*e )our *ie+ on ea" sugges$ion,
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!he :uman Condition
Case study
Hn $e +a) ome (rom s"ool )ou and )our (riend (ind a !urse in $e road, Inside
$ere are (i*e !ounds and an old !o$ogra! o( a .a.), Tere is no iden$i(i"a$ion
in $e !urse so )our (riend $a0es $e mone) and $ro+s $e !urse in$o a .us,
Jou .o$ s!end $e mone) in $e so!s on $e +a) ome, Wen )ou ge$ ome
$e ne?$&door neig.our is +i$ )our mum, #eAs "r)ing .e"ause se as los$ er
!urse, +i" as in i$ $e onl) !i"$ure o( er .a.) $a$ died (i($een )ears ago,
Student activities
6, Wa$ +ould )ou do in $is si$ua$ion> E?!lain )our de"ision,
2, Ho+ +ould )ou (eel i( )ou ad $orn $e !o$ogra! .e(ore i$ +as $ro+n
a+a)>
9, Wa$ role +ould )our "ons"ien"e a*e in $is si$ua$ion>
8, Wa$ +ould a Muslim sa) is $e origins o( )our "ons"ien"e>
4, Were do )ou $in0 $e "ons"ien"e "omes (rom> E?!lain )our ans+er,
Suggested reading
The Holy &uran' $ransla$ed and +i$ a "ommen$ar) .) A Jusu( Ali,
/ei"es$er% Te Islami" 2ounda$ion F46%4< and 92%4:G,
Ir*ing, T 5 e$ al, The &uran: (asic Teachings' /ei"es$er% Te Islami" 2ounda$ion
F!!, 74S((G
Oendri"0, R, )*amining +eligions: ,slam' H?(ord% Heinemann Edu"a$ional
F!!, 9<;, CHuman 5eingsAG
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!he :uman Condition
Mandatory source
664, We ad alread), .e(oreand, $a0en $e "o*enan$ o( Adam, .u$ e (orgo$% and We
(ound on is !ar$ no (irm resol*e,
66<, Wen We said $o $e angels, MPros$ra$e )oursel*es $o AdamN, $e) !ros$ra$ed
$emsel*es, .u$ no$ I.lis% e re(used,
66;, Ten We said% MH AdamL *eril), $is is an enem) $o $ee and $) +i(e% so le$ im no$
ge$ )ou .o$ ou$ o( $e Garden, so $a$ $ou ar$ landed in miser),
667, MTere is $erein Fenoug !ro*isionG (or $ee no$ $o go ungr) nor $o go na0ed,
66:, MNor $o su((er (rom $irs$, nor (rom $e sunAs ea$,N
623, 5u$ #a$an +is!ered e*il $o im% e said, MH AdamL sall I lead $ee $o $e Tree o(
E$erni$) and $o a 0ingdom $a$ ne*er de"a)s>N
626, In $e resul$, $e) .o$ a$e o( $e $ree, and so $eir na0edness a!!eared $o $em%
$e) .egan $o se+ $oge$er, (or $eir "o*ering, lea*es (rom $e Garden% $us did Adam
diso.e) is /ord, and allo+ imsel( $o .e sedu"ed,
622, 5u$ is /ord "ose im F(or His Gra"eG% He $urned $o im, and ga*e im Guidan"e,
629, He said% MGe$ )e do+n, .o$ o( )ou, all $oge$er, (rom $e Garden, +i$ enmi$)
one $o ano$er% .u$ i(, as is sure, $ere "omes $o )ou Guidan"e (rom Me, +osoe*er
(ollo+s M) Guidan"e, +ill no$ lose is +a), nor (all in$o miser),
628, M5u$ +osoe*er $urns a+a) (rom M) Message, *eril) (or im is a li(e narro+ed
do+n, and We sall raise im u! .lind on $e Da) o( @udgemen$,N
624, He +ill sa)% MH m) /ordL +) as$ Tou raised me u! .lind, +ile I ad sig$
F.e(oreG>N
62<, FFAllaGG +ill sa)% MTus dids$ Tou, +en Hur #igns "ame un$o $ee, disregard $em%
so +il$ $ou, $is da), .e disregarded,N
'urAan 23%66462<
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!he :uman Condition
Student activities
6, Te 'urAan 23%66462< e?!lores Adam and E*eAs sin o( diso.e)ing God,
E?!lain o+ $e) used $eir (ree +ill $o diso.e) God>
2, Wa$ role did #a$an !la) in $is sin>
9, Wa$ is $e guidan"e $a$ Alla men$ions in *erse 629>
8, As +ell as using $e $erm Cguidan"eA +a$ o$er +ords are used in $is
!assage $o re(er $o moral guidan"e (rom God>
4, A""ording $o Islam +a$ are $e "onse1uen"es (or $ose +o (ail $o (ollo+
$is guidan"e>
<, Wri$e a sor$ essa) o( .e$+een 633643 +ords dis"ussing o+ !eo!le
use (ree +ill $o "ause su((ering in )our "ommuni$) or in $e +orld a$ large,
;, Wa$ is )our *ie+ on (ree +ill> Is (ree +ill gi*en .) God or is i$s sour"e
else+ere> Gi*e reasons (or )our *ie+,
Predestination 6 Al<=adr
Muslims .elie*e $a$ e*er)$ing in li(e as .een !lanned (or .) God, All $e good
and e*il $a$ $a0es !la"e is !re&ordained Fordered .) GodG, No$ing a!!ens
unless Alla +ills i$ $o a!!en, In 'urAan 69 i$ is +ri$$en, Cin all $ings $e mas$er
!lanning is GodAsA, Alla 0no+s all $a$ as a!!ened and +ill a!!en, I( a !erson
"ooses $o ur$ ano$er $en $is is !ar$ o( AllaAs !lan, Muslims do .elie*e in
des$in) and $a$ des$in) is ordered .) Alla,
Te Muslim .elie( in !redes$ina$ion is !uQQling +en $eir .elie( in (ree +ill is also
"onsidered, I( Alla as a !lan +i" uses $e e*il $a$ !eo!le do, $en is Alla $o
.lame (or $e e*il !eo!le do> Ho+ "an (ree +ill (i$ in +i$ AllaAs mas$er !lan> I(
+a$ +e do sui$s AllaAs !ur!oses o+ "an e !unis us in Hell> Muslims .elie*e
$a$ Alla does no$ (or"e us $o do an)$ing, We do a*e $e !o+er $o ma0e
"oi"es, Ho+e*er, Alla is so in(ini$e in is !o+er $a$ e 0no+s +a$ ea"
indi*idual +ill do .e(ore e does i$, Te "onse1uen"es o( ea" "oi"e or de"ision
are used .) Alla $o $es$ !eo!le,
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!he :uman Condition
Case study
Eallum as (orgo$$en $o .ring a !en $o s"ool, He
0no+s $a$ e +ill a*e a da) $r)ing $o .orro+ one (or
ea" lesson, His $ea"ers +ill .e grum!) +i$ im and
e "ould do +i$ou$ $e assle, 2or$una$el) e as Mrs
#o($ou" (or is (irs$ !eriod and se al+a)s lends ou$
!en"ils, #e o($en (orge$s $o as0 (or $em .a"0, Da*id
is $in0ing a.ou$ s$ealing Mrs #o($ou"As !en"il,
Student activities
6, Do Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla +ill (or"e Eallum $o s$eal Mrs
#o($ou"As !en"il> E?!lain )our ans+er,
2, Do Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla 0no+s +a$ Eallum +ill do>
E?!lain )our ans+er,
9, Eallum "ooses $o s$eal Mrs #o($ou"As !en"il, Ho+ "an Alla use
EallumAs de"ision $o el! im a"ie*e is !lan o( "allenging and
$es$ing !eo!le>
8, Do )ou $in0 Alla sould s$o! Eallum (rom $a0ing $e
!en"il> E?!lain )our ans+er,
4, Is i$ rig$ $a$ Alla uses $e misdeeds o( umans $o $es$
!eo!le> E?!lain )our ans+er,
2<
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!he :uman Condition
Su,,ering
In one sense su((ering and dea$ are "aused .) God .e"ause He allo+s $em $o
a!!en, or as a !ur!ose (or $em in li(e as a $es$, Te 'urAan sa)s%
Source
Ta$ $o $) /ord is $e (inal Goal;
Ta$ i$ is He Wo gran$e$ /aug$er and Tears; Ta$ i$ is He Wo gran$e$ Dea$ and
/i(e; Ta$ He did "rea$e in !airs, male and (emale,
'urAan 49%828;
Je$, in ano$er more o.*ious sense, su((ering is "aused .) our o+n misuse o(
AllaAs gi($ o( (ree +ill, Tis ma) .e a$ a !ersonal le*el% +e su((er !ain, .o$
!)si"all) and emo$ionall), .e"ause +e !ersis$ in our +a)s, and, Bus$ as (ire
al+a)s .urns, so sin(ul a"$ion leads $o !ain and su((ering, Ten again, $e
"onse1uen"es o( sin(ul .ea*iour ma) .e (el$ a$ $e "ommunal le*el, 2or
e?am!le, $e "onse1uen"es o( adul$er) a((e"$ (amilies, (riends and neig.ours,
/i0e+ise, *iolen$ .ea*iour "an "ause "om!le$el) inno"en$ !eo!le $o su((er, Tus
a !erson ma) su((er !ain and anguis .e"ause o( is or er o+n sin(ul .ea*iour
or .e"ause o( $e "areless (oolisness or deli.era$e +rongdoing .) o$er !eo!le,
In Islam a !erson is re1uired $o .e !a$ien$ and $o endure !ain, I$ is all !ar$ o( li(eAs
C$rialA,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla is a.le $o +or0 $roug !ain and su((ering $o !rodu"e
good, A soul mig$ .e "on*er$ed, or !uri(ied, or dis"o*er a dee!er "ommi$men$ $o
Alla, Ta$ !erson, in $urn, "an el! o$ers +o su((er $e) 0no+ $e de!$s
and $e agon) o( $e !ain .e"ause $e) $emsel*es a*e endured i$, Al$oug +e
ma) no$ 0no+ $e reasons +) some$ing as a!!ened, some$imes +e "an see
a !ur!ose or .ene(i$ +en +e loo0 .a"0 on $e e?!erien"e, Wen +e are
re1uired $o su((er in li(e, and +e all +ill .e, +e "an .e resen$(ul, or +e "an a""e!$
i$, To $e Muslim, e*er)$ing is GodAs +ill, FRead 'urAan ;%:8,G
I$ ma) .e o.Be"$ed, o+e*er, $a$ $is is all *er) +ell (or $ose +o li*e long and
(ul(illing li*es, .u$ +a$ o( a""iden$s, or +en a )oung !erson dies, na$ural
disas$ers, su" as an ear$1ua0e, a*alan"e or (las (lood, or +ar> Tose +o
loo0 (or reasons +) Alla allo+s $ese $ings $o a!!en, mig$ (eel $a$ $e
lessons learned, or $e CgoodA $a$ ma) "ome (rom su" e*il, are ou$ o( all
!ro!or$ion $o $e su((ering in(li"$ed,
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!he :uman Condition
H.*iousl) a Muslim +ould a*e $o (a"e $ese di((i"ul$ 1ues$ions Bus$ li0e o$er
.elie*ers, .u$ +en religious (ai$ as !re*ailed, $e) +ould s$ill +an$ $o a((irm
"om!le$e $rus$ in $e Alla +o raises $e dead, and +el"omes $e (ai$(ul in$o
Paradise,
Student activities
6, Wa$, in )our o!inion, is $e "ause o( mos$ su((ering>
2, A""ording $o Islam +a$ is $e !ur!ose (or $e su((ering $a$ $a0es !la"e in
!eo!leAs li*es>
9, Dis"uss an e?am!le o( su((ering $a$ as $a0en !la"e re"en$l) in $e ne+s,
Wa$ good "ame (rom $is in"iden$> Do $ese !osi$i*e "onse1uen"es ma0e
$e su((ering +or$+ile> E?!lain )our ans+er,
8, Ho+ does a Muslim unders$and $e e*il $a$ $a0es !la"e in $e +orld;
es!e"iall) +en i$ seems dis!ro!or$iona$e $o an) good +i" mig$ resul$
(rom i$>
4, Do )ou agree +i$ $e Muslim e?!lana$ion (or sin and su((ering .eing in
$e +orld> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,
/> Case study) 3i,e as a >>> butter,ly
Wen a "a$er!illar s!ins a "o"oon, i$ mus$
s$a) en"losed +i$in $a$ "o"oon (or
$e !ro!er amoun$ o( $ime in order $o
emerge as a .eau$i(ul .u$$er(l), I( )ou (ind
a "o"oon and )ou "u$ i$ o!en +i$ a 0ni(e in
order $o Cel!A $e .u$$er(l) ge$ ou$, +a$ )ou
+ill !ro.a.l) (ind is a al(&(ormed "rea$ure
$a$ "anno$ (ul(il i$s !ur!ose as a .u$$er(l),
#o no ma$$er o+ dar0 and "on(ining $a$
"o"oon is, $e "a$er!illar mus$ s!end $e
(ull amoun$ o( $ime in $e "o"oon in order
$o emerge as a .eau$i(ul .u$$er(l) +i" is
a.le $o (ul(il i$s !ro!er role in na$ure,
Wa$ is $e message gi*en .) $e s$or) o( $e .u$$er(l)> Do )ou agree
+i$ $is message> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,

27
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!he :uman Condition
Sabr) patience
A$ (irs$ glan"e Islam ma) a!!ear $o .e a (a$alis$i" religion, Tose +o .elie*e in
(a$e $in0 $a$ +e a*e no "on$rol o*er our des$in), All $e de"isions a*e .een
made and so $ere is no !oin$ $r)ing $o li*e li(e in $e rig$ +a), Wa$ +ill a!!en
+ill a!!en .e"ause $a$ is $e +a) i$As mean$ $o .e, Ho+e*er, Muslims disagree
+i$ (a$alism, .e"ause $e) .elie*e $a$ +e a*e "on$rol o*er +a$ a!!ens $o
us, Hn @udgemen$ Da) i$ is o+ +e a*e li*ed $a$ de$ermines +a$ a!!ens $o
us, We are no$ !o+erless +ea0lings, A($er all, i( e*er)$ing +as all (i?ed and
de$ermined in ad*an"e +) +ould Alla ma0e an e((or$ $o guide us o+ $o li*e>
Muslims also .elie*e $a$ Alla as sen$ !ro!e$s, or messengers, $o all !eo!le
e*er)+ere; $e !rimar) !ur!ose o( $e !ro!e$s +as $o re&es$a.lis $e
message $a$ $ere is onl) one God +o sould .e +orsi!!ed and o.e)ed (or a
!ros!erous li(e on ear$ and in $e erea($er,
An a$$i$ude o( de$ermina$ion $o li*e li(e as Alla +ises and $o a*e !a$ien"e in
$e (a"e o( su((ering is 0no+n as #a.r, Muslims sould ado!$ $is *ie+ and no$
Bus$ gi*e u! on li(e,
Source
MTo e*er) !eo!le F+as sen$G an a!os$le,N
'urAan 63%8;
MIeril), We a*e sen$ $ee in $ru$, as a .earer o( glad $idings, and as a +arner% and $ere
ne*er +as a !eo!le, +i$ou$ a +arner a*ing li*ed among $em Fin $e !as$G,N
'urAan 94%28
2:
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!he :uman Condition
Student activities
6, Des"ri.e +a$ Muslims unders$and .) $e +ord C#a.rA,
2, Wa$ is mean$ .) $e $erm Ca (a$alis$i" religionA> W) do Muslims argue
$a$ Islam is no$ (a$alis$i">
9, Tere are $imes in li(e +en +e (eel *er) mu" ou$ o( "on$rol, Illness, a
rela$ionsi! .rea0ing do+n, or dea$ $ese are all $imes +en +e "an
(eel los$ and !o+erless, Re$ell $e s$or) o( a $ime +en )ou or someone
)ou 0no+ as (el$ li0e $a$,
8, Wen $ings a*e gone +rong $ere are $imes +en +e (eel li0e gi*ing
u!, W) .o$er $r)ing +en +e "anA$ ma0e a di((eren"e> Wa$ +ould a
Muslim sa) $o $a$ a$$i$ude>
4, Imagine $a$ a (riend o( )ours is des!airing .e"ause isPer !aren$s are
s!li$$ing u!, Wri$e )our (riend a le$$er o((ering "om(or$ and en"ouraging
im or er $o ado!$ an a$$i$ude o( #a.r,
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!he :uman Condition
Repentance
Te a$$ri.u$es o( God in Islam are *as$,
Hne o( $e a$$ri.u$es o( God is
C$e mos$ mer"i(ulA and C$e mos$
0indA, All Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e)
are !rone $o ma0ing mis$a0es and
sinning, .u$ $e) also .elie*e $a$
$eir sins +ill .e (orgi*en i( $e) re!en$ +i$
$rue sin"eri$), #ee0ing GodAs (orgi*eness is an im!or$an$ "on"e!$ in Islami"
$oug$ and a "a!$er in $e 'urAan as .een named CAl&Ta+.aA Re!en$an"e,
Source
MTurn )e $o our /ord Fin re!en$an"eG and .o+ $o His FWillG, .e(ore $e
Penal$) "omes on )ou% a($er $a$ )e sall no$ .e el!ed,N 'urAan 9:%48
Student activities
6, A""ording $o $e 'urAan 9:%48 +a$ $+o $ings sould a Muslim do .e(ore
see0ing (orgi*eness>
2, Peo!le "an sa) sorr) (or doing $e mos$ $erri.le $ings, Does sa)ing sorr)
ma0e i$ o0a)> E?!lain )our ans+er,
9, Asle) +as e?"luded (rom s"ool (or .ull)ing Ra0sa, Wen se re$urns $o
s"ool Asle) sa)s se is sorr), W) +ould some sa) $a$ Ra0sa sould
a""e!$ Asle)As a!olog)> W) +ould o$ers disagree> Wa$ do )ou $in0>
E?!lain )our ans+ers,
8, Do Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla +ould (orgi*e Asle)> E?!lain )our ans+er,
4, Wa$ is $e !enal$) re(erred $o in $e 'urAan 9:%48>
<, W) do Muslims .elie*e $a$ re!en$an"e is so im!or$an$>
;, Do )ou .elie*e $a$ a Cmos$ mer"i(ulA God sould (orgi*e e*en i( no
re!en$an"e is so+n> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,

96
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!he :uman Condition
Re0ision "-ercises
Ans+er $e (ollo+ing !rue or ;alse s$a$emen$s (rom $e !oin$ o( *ie+ o( Muslims;
and $en Bus$i() )our ans+er,
6, God as man) !ar$ners,
True or 2alse>
2, God is a male,
True or 2alse>
9, Alla as gi*en )ou e*er)$ing and so )ou sould .e gra$e(ul,
True or 2alse>
8, I$ is $e res!onsi.ili$) o( !eo!le $o "are (or AllaAs "rea$ion,
True or 2alse>
4, 2ree +ill allo+s )ou $o "oose )our des$in),
True or 2alse>
<, I( )ou a*e done +rong Bus$ sa) )ou are sorr) and donA$ +orr) a.ou$ i$,
True or 2alse>
Mind map
No+ go on $o de*elo! a mind ma! +i" uses +a$ )ou a*e learn$ a.ou$ $e
uman "ondi$ion, In $e middle o( $e ma! use $e $erm C$e uman "ondi$ionA,
Tere (ollo+s a lis$ o( +ords )ou "an use $o .ran" o(( (rom $e "en$re, Ma0e )our
mind ma! as de$ailed as )ou "an, Ma0e i$ "olour(ul and e)e&"a$"ing,
Alla Human .eings Oali!as 2ree +ill
Predes$ina$ion #a.r Re!en$an"e
Jou ma) +an$ $o add some o$er rele*an$ +ords $o )our mind ma!,
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S"C!#O *
!he ?oals
Submission to the will o, Allah
Muslims .elie*e $a$ $eir main goal in li(e is $o li*e as an a"$ o( +orsi! FI.adaG,
Te) .elie*e $a$ Alla is a God +o is lo*ing and gi*ing, All $a$ $e) a*e as
.een gi*en .) God, He is mos$ generous, In order $o e*en .egin re$urning $is
lo*e Muslims mus$ !u$ God (irs$ in $eir li*es, In $e 'urAan i$ is +ri$$en%
#o i( $e) dis!u$e +i$ $ee sa), CI a*e su.mi$$ed m) +ole sel( $o Alla and so
a*e $ose +o (ollo+ meA,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e) sould li*e li(e in "om!le$e su.mission $o God, Te
momen$ Muslims Co!en $eir e)esA and .e"ome "ons"ious o( Alla, $e) mus$
o.e) GodAs "ommands in (ull, Tis a+areness is 0no+n as Ta1+a, Ta1+a al$ers
$e en$ire mo$i*a$ion (or doing 0ind or good deeds, Hne is no$ 0ind, or $oug$(ul,
or generous .e"ause Ci$ !a)sA Fo.liging o$ers $o re$urn $e (a*ourG, .u$ .e"ause
one is li*ing as Alla in$ended as is *i"ero) +o "ares (or $e +ole o( $e
"rea$ed order,
/i*ing +i$ God a$ $e (ore(ron$ o( $eir minds is "alled Isan, Muammad
re(erred $o Isan as (ollo+s%
Source
Isan is $o +orsi! Alla as i( )ou are seeing im, (or e sees )ou e*en i( )ou
do no$ see im, Hadi$
Tis (ai$ sould .e a "ons$an$ mo$i*a$ion $o do good +or0s $rougou$ $e +ole
o( oneAs li(e, Tis is +) Muslims .elie*e $a$ Islam is a +a) o( li(e and "anno$ .e
se!ara$ed (rom an) !ar$ o( $eir dail) li(e +e$er so"ial, e"onomi" or !oli$i"al,
2ai$ and good +or0s are a !leasure $a$ onl) in"reases !leasure, as a s$one
$ro+n sends ri!!les a"ross a !ond, Te) are no$ a .urden or "ause o( (ear,
Te realisa$ion (rom +i$in $a$ God is .e)ond all "om!arison sould li($
o.ser*an"e o( $e #arAia FIslami" la+G $o a ne+ dimension, I$ is no$ $a$ one
mus$ 0ee! AllaAs la+ in order $o li*e, .u$ ra$er $a$ one desires $o !lease Alla
in and $rougou$ all o( oneAs li(e, #arAia .e"omes a *olun$ar) s!iri$ual ser*i"e,
Ins$ead o( Bus$ doing +a$ )ou are $old (or (ear o( !unismen$ $e) mus$ $urn $o
God +i$ re*eren"e and su.mission,
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!he ?oals
Student activities
6, -sing )our o+n +ords "om!le$e $e (ollo+ing sen$en"es%
FaG #u.mission (or a Muslim is
F.G Ta1+a is
F"G Isan is
2, Wa$ im!a"$ do )ou $in0 Ta1+a and Isan +ill a*e on Muslim li(e $oda)>
9, /oo0 a$ $e (ollo+ing si$ua$ions, Wa$ +ould Muslims +i$ $oug$s o( Isan do
in $ese si$ua$ions>
FaG A girl as (allen in $e s$ree$,
F.G Tousands a*e .een 0illed in a na$ural disas$er,
F"G A so!0ee!er as gi*en $em $oo mu" "ange .) a""iden$,
FdG A "ar dri*er ma0es a rude ges$ure a$ $em,
8, Hne o( )our "lassma$es el!s )ou !re!are (or a $es$, Wen )ou $an0 er (or
er el! se sa)s, CI el!ed )ou .e"ause o( Isan, God is al+a)s +a$"ing,A Is
$is as good as someone +o el!s )ou .e"ause $e) +an$ $o> Would )ou .e
less gra$e(ul (or )our "lassma$eAs el!> E?!lain )our ans+ers, Wa$ do )ou $in0
a Muslim +ould sa) a.ou$ $is si$ua$ion>
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!he ?oals
Mandatory source
68, 2air in $e e)es o( men is $e lo*e o( $ings $e) "o*e$% +omen and sons; ea!ed&u!
oards o( gold and sil*er; orses .randed F(or .lood and e?"ellen"eG; and F+eal$ o(G
"a$$le and +ell&$illed land, #u" are $e !ossessions o( $is +orldAs li(e; .u$ in nearness $o
Alla is $e .es$ o( $e goals F$o re$urn $oG,
64, #a)% sall I gi*e )ou glad $idings o( $ings (ar .e$$er $an $ose> 2or $e rig$eous
are Gardens in nearness $o $eir /ord, +i$ ri*ers (lo+ing .enea$; $erein is $eir e$ernal
ome; +i$ "om!anions !ure Fand ol)G; and $e good !leasure o( Alla, 2or in AllaAs
sig$ are FallG His ser*an$s,
6<, FNamel)G, $ose +o sa)% MHur /ordL +e a*e indeed .elie*ed% (orgi*e us, $en, our
sins, and sa*e us (rom $e agon) o( $e 2ire;N
6;, Tose +o so+ !a$ien"e, (irmness and sel(&"on$rol; +o are $rue Fin +ord and
deedG; +o +orsi! de*ou$l); +o s!end Fin $e +a) o( AllaG; and +o !ra) (or
(orgi*eness in $e earl) ours o( $e morning,
'urAan 9%686;
Student activities
6, A""ording $o 'urAan 9%686; +a$ o.Be"$s do man) umans lo*e> A""ording
$o $e sour"e +a$ .rings mos$ Bo)>
2, Ho+ do Muslims +o are des"ri.ed as $ose C$rue in +ord and deedA .ea*e>
9, Wa$ are $e .ene(i$s in a*ing God so "lose and seeing e*er)$ing>
8, Wa$ di((i"ul$ies +ould a Muslim (a"e in a*ing God so "lose and so a+are>
4, Do )ou $in0 $e .ene(i$s ou$+eig $e di((i"ul$ies in a*ing a God so "lose>
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!he ?oals
Mandatory sources
6:, Te religion .e(ore Alla is Islam Fsu.mission $o His WillG% Nor did $e Peo!le o( $e
5oo0 dissen$ $ere(rom e?"e!$ $roug en*) o( ea" o$er, a($er 0no+ledge ad "ome $o
$em, 5u$ i( an) den) $e #igns o( Alla, Alla is s+i($ in "alling $o a""oun$,
23, #o i( $e) dis!u$e +i$ $ee, sa)% MI a*e su.mi$$ed m) +ole sel( $o Alla and so
a*e $ose +o (ollo+ me,N And sa) $o $e Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 and $o $ose +o are
unlearned% MDo )e FalsoG su.mi$ )oursel*es>N I( $e) do, $e) are in rig$ guidan"e, .u$ i(
$e) $urn .a"0, $) du$) is $o "on*e) $e Message; and in AllaAs sig$ are FallG His
ser*an$s,
'urAan 9%6:23
96, #a)% MI( )e do lo*e Alla, (ollo+ me% Alla +ill lo*e )ou and (orgi*e )ou )our sins% 2or
Alla is H($&2orgi*ing, Mos$ Mer"i(ul,N
92, #a)% MH.e) Alla and His Messenger% 5u$ i( $e) $urn .a"0, Alla lo*e$ no$ $ose
+o reBe"$ (ai$,
'u rAan 9%9692
Student activities
6, 'urAan 9%6:23 and 9692 en"ourages Muslims $o su.mi$ $o God (or $+o
reasons, Wa$ are $ose reasons> 2or a Muslim li*ing $oda) +i" reason
+ould .e $e more im!or$an$, E?!lain )our ans+er, W) +ould some
disagree +i$ )ou> W) do )ou reBe"$ $eir o!inion>
2, Wa$ are $e "onse1uen"es o( reBe"$ing $e signs $a$ Alla sends>
9, Ho+ eas) do )ou $in0 i$ is li*ing a li(e in "om!le$e su.mission $o Alla>
8, Te Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 are @e+s and Eris$ians, W) did $e) $urn a+a)
(rom $e $rue religion a""ording $o 'urAan 9%23>
4, Wa$ du$) do Muslims a*e $o+ards non&Muslims>
<, Do )ou $in0 religious !eo!le sould $r) $o "on*in"e o$ers $o (ollo+ $eir
religion> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land 9<
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S"C!#O +
!he ;inal Aim o, "-istence
3i,e a,ter death) !he immortality o, the soul
Te 0e) "on"e!$ ere is e$ernal li(e, To unders$and $is (ull) +e need $o e?amine
*arious as!e"$s o( $e Muslim goal o( e$ernal li(e, 2or $e sa0e o( "lari$) $ese
CgoalsA +ill .e .ro0en do+n as (ollo+s%
Resurre"$ion
@udgemen$
A0ira% Paradise and Hell,
All Muslims .elie*e in A0ira, or li(e a($er dea$, and $a$ uman li(e is di*ided
in$o $+o se"$ions ea" indi*idualAs li(e on ear$, and $e e$ernal li(e $a$ (ollo+s,
#in"e our ear$l) li*es are sor$ .) "om!arison +i$ $e e$ernal, i$ is o.*ious $a$
e$ernal li(e is (ar more im!or$an$, Tis li(e is sim!l) a !re!ara$ion, some Muslims
+ould sa) a $es$, (or $e li(e $o "ome,
Te 0ind o( li(e a !erson as a($er dea$ +ill de!end on o+ e or se as
!er(ormed in $is li(e,
Source
#a)% MTra*el $roug $e ear$ and see +a$ +as $e end o( $ose .e(ore F$eeG% Mos$ o(
$em +orsi!!ed o$ers .esides Alla,N
5u$ se$ $ou $) (a"e $o $e rig$ Religion .e(ore $ere "ome (rom Alla $e Da) +i"
$ere is no "an"e o( a*er$ing% on $a$ Da) sall men .e di*ided Fin $+oG,
Tose +o reBe"$ 2ai$ +ill su((er (rom $a$ reBe"$ion% and $ose +o +or0 rig$eousness
+ill s!read $eir "ou" Fo( re!oseG (or $emsel*es Fin ea*enG% Ta$ He ma) re+ard $ose
+o .elie*e and +or0 rig$eous deeds, ou$ o( is 5oun$), 2or He lo*es no$ $ose +o
reBe"$ 2ai$,N
'urAan 93%8284,
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Muslims .elie*e $a$%
6, All !eo!le earn, or are res!onsi.le (or, $eir o+n sal*a$ion,
2, Ho+ +e res!ond $o our $es$s is our o+n .usiness, .u$ .) our li*es and a"$ions
+e earn our !la"e in $e ne?$ li(e,
9, Wa$e*er +e do +ill a*e a dire"$ e((e"$ on oursel*es alone,
8, Hur a"$ions "an nei$er el! nor arm Alla, $e) onl) el! or arm
oursel*es,
4, E*er)$ing +e do or $in0 is 0no+n .) our guardian angels, +o
0ee! $e (ull re"ord on +i" our Budgemen$ +ill .e .ased, Tis
re"ord is $o so+ us, no$ Alla, +o alread) 0no+s e*er)$ing,
<, Alla "anno$ .e .oug$ or .ri.ed,
6
In o$er +ords, Alla is a.solu$el) (air and a.solu$el) relia.le, He +ill Budge
!eo!le on $e .asis o( $e good or $e e*il $a$ $e) a*e done,
2
Tis also means
$a$ no uman .eing as $e rig$ $o Budge ano$erAs goodness or .adness% God
is $e sole and *alued Budge,
Source
Woe*er +or0s rig$eousness .ene(i$s is o+n soul; +oe*er +or0s e*il, i$ is agains$ is
o+n soul% nor is $) /ord e*er unBus$ Fin $e leas$G $o His #er*an$s,A
'urAan 86%8<
5u$ e*en more im!or$an$ $an all o( $is is $e (a"$ $a$ Alla re1uires genuine
(ai$ F'urAan 93%8284G, Tis is +) $e #aada, $e Muslim "on(ession o(
(ai$, is $e Cindis!ensa.le (ounda$ion s$one on +i" all good deeds mus$ .e
ere"$edA,
9
Muslims .elie*e $a$ sal*a$ion is onl) $roug an a""e!$an"e and
remem.ran"e o( God, I( an)one (ails $eir ear$l) $es$ $en $e) $emsel*es are
solel) $o .lame,
6 )*amining +eligions: ,slam' !age 43,
2 A A Ma+dudi said% CI( )ou re(le"$ )ou +ill "ome $o $e "on"lusion $a$ .elie( in li(e a($er
dea$ is $e mos$ de"isi*e (a"$or [in li(e], A !erson +o as in *ie+ su""ess or (ailure in
$is +orld alone , , , +ill no$ .e !re!ared $o under$a0e an) good a"$ , , , nor +ill ePse .e
0een $o a*oid an) +rong a"$, 5u$ [a !erson] +o .elie*es in $e ne?$ +orld as +ell +ill do
good, e +ill a*oid $e +rong and Budge $ings .) $eir e$ernal "onse1uen"es,A
9 Wi$ou$ $e #aada, $e o$er !illars o( Islam are meaningless% no one "an .u) or
earn a $i"0e$ $o ea*en,
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In "on"lusion $en, i$ sould also .e a!!re"ia$ed $a$ A0ira no$ onl) !ro*ides a
s$imulus (or good deeds, and $e a*oidan"e o( e*il; i$ is also a $remendous
sour"e o( "om(or$ and s$reng$ in $e mids$ o( li(eAs $rials, Ea" one o( us
em.ra"es $e $rills and e?ilara$ing e?!erien"es o( li(e; .u$ +e also a*e $o
endure $e !ain, $e su((ering, d)ing and dea$, .e"ause $ese are also $e (a$e
o( e*er)one, A0ira is $e au$ori$a$i*e ans+er $o all o( $is, (or $is li(e does no$
lead $o a dead end .u$ $o a "om!le$el) $rans(ormed ne+ .eginning, I$ "ould also
.e seen as $e re+ard (or li*ing a sui$a.le li(e in $e same +a) $a$ a s$uden$ ge$s
$roug $e di((i"ul$ies and ardsi! o( s"ool ins!ired .) $e !ros!e"$ o( $e
1uali(i"a$ions $e) +ill gain, A$ $e end o( $e )ear a s$uden$ ei$er (ails $e e?am
or !asses and "ele.ra$es su""ess; and so in $e same +a) $e Muslim +ill ei$er
(ail and en$er Hell or !ass and en$er e$ernal Paradise,
Student activities
6, A""ording $o Islam +a$ is $e !ur!ose o( $is li(e>
2, Re(erring $o 'urAan 93%8284 e?!lain +a$ are $e "onse1uen"es (or $ose
$a$ reBe"$ (ai$ in Alla and $ose $a$ $urn $o Alla, F#ee !age 9: o( $is
!a"0,G
9, Wa$ signs are re(erred $o in 'urAan 9%6:> Wa$ are $e "onse1uen"es o(
ignoring $e signs> F#ee !age 9; o( $is !a"0,G
8, Ei$er des"ri.e +a$ is .eing assessed during $is li(e F633 643 +ordsG or
illus$ra$e in $e (orm o( a "omi" s$ri! $e di((eren$ as!e"$s o( $is li(e +i" are
.eing $es$ed,
4, Gi*e )our o!inion o( $e 1uo$e (rom A A Ma+dudi, Gi*e reasons (or )our
o!inion,
<, Ho+ +ould A0ira "om(or$ $ose $a$ are .erea*ed> Des"ri.e a reason +)
some Muslims +ould no$ .e "om(or$ed,
;, I( $ere is no li(e a($er dea$ +a$ "allenges $o (ai$ in God +ould arise>
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Resurrection
Te 'urAan $ea"es $e resurre"$ion o( $e dead ra$er $an $e immor$ali$) o( $e
soul,
8
#in"e $e dead +ill a*e $eir !)si"al .odies re"rea$ed and res$ored in $e
(u$ure, "rema$ion is (or.idden and all Muslims are .uried in $e ear$,
Sources
Does man $in0 $a$ We "anno$ assem.le is .ones>
Na), We are a.le $o !u$ $oge$er in !er(e"$ order $e *er) $i!s o( is (ingers,
'urAan ;4%98
Te) sa)% MWa$L +en +e are redu"ed $o .ones and dus$, sould +e reall) .e raised u!
F$o .eG a ne+ "rea$ion>N
#a)% MFNa)LG .e )e s$ones or iron,
MHr "rea$ed ma$$er +i", in )our minds, is ardes$ F$o .e raised u!G, FJe$ sall )e .e
raised u!GLN Ten +ill $e) sa)% MWo +ill "ause us $o re$urn>N #a)% MHe +o "rea$ed )ou
(irs$LN Ten +ill $e) +ag $eir eads $o+ards $ee, and sa), MWen +ill $a$ .e>N #a),
MMa).e i$ +ill .e 1ui$e soonLN
'urAan 6;%8:46
#ome Muslim $radi$ions $ea" $a$ $ere is an in$ermedia$e s$a$e "alled C5arQa0A
+i" (alls .e$+een dea$ and @udgemen$ Da), Tere are man) di((eren$ .elie(s
a.ou$ i$s na$ure,
Hne su" $radi$ion a((irms $a$ $e angel o( dea$, IQrail, +ill 1ues$ion $e dead
a.ou$ $eir (ai$, Tose +o (ail $e $es$ +ill .e !unised immedia$el), +ils$
$ose +o !ass +ill .e $a0en s$raig$ $o ea*en, H$er Muslim $radi$ions "laim
$a$ $e soul sim!l) Cslee!sA un$il $e /as$ Da) so $a$ i$ +ill onl) seem li0e a
momen$ .e$+een dea$ and resurre"$ion, e*en i( "en$uries a*e !assed, Tese
$radi$ions are deri*ed (rom $e 'urAani" *erse, +i" "an .e in$er!re$ed $o mean
C5arQa0A $e in$ermedia$e s$a$e,
Tere are )e$ o$er Islami" $radi$ions $a$ are no$ a"$uall) (ound in $e 'urAan,
Tese $radi$ions "on"ern $e end o( $ime +en $e +orld +ill also end, Hne o( $e
Csigns o( $e EndA, i$ is a((irmed, is $a$ e*il +ill !re*ail, DaBBal $e C5eas$A +o +ill
"ome a$ $e End&Time +ill lead $e ina.i$an$s o( $e ear$ $o lo+er de!$s o(
e*il, CHeA +ill $a0e o*er uman a((airs, FA !oli$i"al leader>G Ten Isa F@esusG +ill
re$urn $o $e Damas"us mos1ue and de(ea$ DaBBal a($er a grea$ .a$$le,
8 Islam does no$ old $e .elie( $a$ our !)si"al na$ure is .asi"all) e*il and
$em!orar) +ils$ $e inner s!iri$ na$ure is !ure and di*ine FGree0G, Nor does i$
a""e!$ $a$ $e s!iri$ +en released (rom $e .od) is rein"arna$ed $o .egin a
li(e on $is ear$ in some (orm FHinduG,
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H$er $radi$ions sa) $a$ i$ +ill .e $e Madi
4
+o +ill a!!ear or re$urn and
"on*er$ $e +orld $o Islam .e(ore $e 2inal Trum!e$ is sounded, We no$e a
disagreemen$ in $e Islami" C$ime o( $e EndA,
Source
No Bus$ es$ima$e a*e $e) made o( Alla, su" as is due $o Him% Hn $e Da) o(
@udgemen$ $e +ole o( $e ear$ +ill .e .u$ His and(ul, and $e ea*ens +ill .e rolled
u! in His rig$ and% Glor) $o HimL Hig is He a.o*e $e Par$ners $e) a$$ri.u$e $o HimL
Te Trum!e$ +ill FBus$G .e sounded, +en all $a$ are in $e ea*ens and on ear$ +ill
s+oon, e?"e!$ su" as i$ +ill !lease Alla F$o e?em!$G, Ten +ill a se"ond one .e
sounded, +en, .eold, $e) +ill .e s$anding and loo0ing onL And $e Ear$ +ill sine +i$
$e Glor) o( i$s /ord% $e Re"ord Fo( DeedsG +ill .e !la"ed Fo!enG; $e !ro!e$s and $e
+i$nesses +ill .e .roug$ (or+ard and a Bus$ de"ision !ronoun"ed .e$+een $em; and
$e) +ill no$ .e +ronged Fin $e leas$G,
'urAan 9:%<;<:
Student activities
6, W) do Muslims .elie*e i$ is im!or$an$ $o .ur) $eir dead ra$er $an
"rema$ing $em>
2, Read 'urAan 6;%8:46, -sing $is *erse des"ri.e o+ !eo!le +ill rea"$ on
$e da) o( resurre"$ion, W) do $e) rea"$ in $a$ +a)>
9, E?!lain +a$ some Muslims .elie*e +ill a!!en i( $e) die .e(ore @udgemen$
Da),
8, Des"ri.e +a$ some Muslims .elie*e +ill a!!en $o $e ear$ on $e Da) o(
@udgemen$,

4 Te CHneA +o de(ea$s DaBBal, i,e, Isa F@esusG or C$e idden ImamA,
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@udgement
A($er dea$ "omes $e @udgemen$ Da) +en e*er) !erson +ill .e re1uired $o gi*e
an a""oun$ $o God o( $e li(e $e) a*e li*ed and all $a$ $e) a*e done,
Source
97, E*er) soul +ill .e FeldG in !ledge (or i$s deeds,
9:, E?"e!$ $e Eom!anions o( $e Rig$ Hand,
83, FTe) +ill .eG in Gardens Fo( Delig$G% $e) +ill 1ues$ion ea" o$er,
86, And Fas0G o( $e #inners%
82, MWa$ led )ou in$o Hell 2ire>N
89, Te) +ill sa)% MWe +ere no$ o( $ose +o !ra)ed;
88, MNor +ere +e o( $ose +o (ed $e indigen$;
84, M5u$ +e used $o $al0 *ani$ies +i$ *ain $al0ers;
8<, MAnd +e used $o den) $e Da) o( @udgemen$,
8;, M-n$il $ere "ame $o us F$e HourG $a$ is "er$ain,N
'urAan ;8%978;
Te dead and $e li*ing +ill .e raised and .roug$ $o $e !lain o( Budgemen$,
Ea" !erson +ill .e gi*en $e .oo0 o( is or er li(e $o read ou$ $o e*er)one $ere
and $o Alla F$is is $e re"ord 0e!$ .) $e re"ording angels on $e soulders o(
MuslimsG, Tose gi*en $e .oo0 in $eir rig$ and +ill go $o ea*en and $ose
gi*en $e .oo0 in $eir le($ and +ill go $o ell, E*er)$ing a !erson as e*er done
+ill .e in $e .oo0, and e or se +ill see is or er dee!es$ se"re$s,
Te .asis o( Budgemen$ +ill .e a mi?$ure o( (ai$ and a"$ion, 2ai$ in Alla is
"ru"ial, and good +or0s as laid do+n in $e #arAia are *er) im!or$an$
Fes!e"iall) $e underl)ing mo$i*esG,
Source
Hn $e Da) $a$ $e Hour +ill .e es$a.lised, $a$ Da) sall Fall menG .e sor$ed ou$,
Ten $ose +o a*e .elie*ed and +or0ed rig$eous deeds, sall .e made a!!) in a
Mead o( Delig$,
And $ose +o a*e reBe"$ed 2ai$ and (alsel) denied our #igns and $e mee$ing o( $e
Herea($er, su" sall .e .roug$ (or$ $o Punismen$,
'urAan 93%686<
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Te $ea"ing o( $e 'urAan is *er) e?!li"i$, and i$ is a normall) a""e!$ed Muslim
.elie( $a$ non&Muslims and .ad Muslims +ill (ail $e $es$ and .e sen$ $o ell; .u$
Muslims also .elie*e $a$ GodAs Budgemen$ "anno$ .e !redi"$ed in an) "ase,
Time and $ime again $e 'urAan $al0s a.ou$ GodAs mer") and (orgi*eness +en i$
"omes $o $e Da) o( @udgemen$,
Sources
No$ )our desires, nor $ose o( $e Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 F"an !re*ailG% +oe*er +or0s e*il,
+ill .e re1ui$ed a""ordingl), Nor +ill e (ind, .esides Alla, an) !ro$e"$or or el!er,
'urAan 8%629
I( Alla +ere $o !unis men (or $eir +rong&doing, He +ould no$ lea*e, on $e Fear$G, a
single li*ing "rea$ure,
'urAan 6<%<6
Wen C$e EndA does "ome o+e*er, all umans, +e$er long dead Fin soul
slee!G or s$ill ali*e, +ill .e assem.led .e(ore Alla, No one +ill .e a.le $o
in$er"ede on .eal( o( ano$er
<
, Human a""oun$a.ili$) $o Alla is a.solu$e and
!ersonal, A$ $e end o( $e da) all +o a$$ain e$ernal li(e in !aradise +ill do so on
$e .asis o( AllaAs mer") and i$ is Alla alone +o de"ides,
< n ,ntroduction to ,slam' !age 666
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Student activities
Gordon didnA$ .elie*e in a li(e a($er dea$, He .elie*ed in a good $ime during $is
li(e, His li(e +as an a"$ o( +orsi! o( Gordon, Hn is gra*es$one $e) sould a*e
+ri$$en% -arty. -arty. -arty.
Imran did .elie*e in li(e a($er dea$, He lo*ed Alla and li*ed is li(e as an a"$ o(
+orsi! o( Alla, Hn is gra*es$one $e) sould a*e +ri$$en llah is Great/
6, Des"ri.e in de$ail +a$ Muslims .elie*e +ill a!!en $o Gordon and Imran on
@udgemen$ Da),
2, W) +ould some Muslims .elie*e $a$ Gordon souldnA$ reall) +orr) a.ou$
@udgemen$ Da)> Re(er $o 'urAani" $ea"ing in )our ans+er,
9, Do Muslims .elie*e $a$ Imran "ould !lead (or Gordon on @udgemen$ Da),
8, Wa$ is .eing assessed on @udgemen$ Da)>
4, W) do )ou $in0 .elie( in $e @udgemen$ Da) is so im!or$an$ $o Muslims>
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Akhirah) Paradise and :ell
Te (inal ou$"ome is ei$er e$ernal !aradise or e$ernal ell, Te 'urAan !ro*ides
"onsidera.le gra!i" de$ail "on"erning .o$ s$a$es o( .eing,
Paradise, or Hea*en, is o($en re(erred $o as Cal @annaA, $e garden, +i$ an
a.undan"e o( (res "ool +a$er, and $is is a (i$$ing s)m.ol (or lu?urian$ sel$ered
ease in a o$ deser$ "lima$e, All is "om(or$a.le and +ell a!!oin$ed in $e garden,
+ere $e sa*ed re"line on so($ "usions and enBo) good (ood and a ea*enl)
drin0 $a$ $rills and sa$is(ies +i$ou$ in$o?i"a$ing, Te des"ri!$ions are *i*id and
de$ailed, .u$ mos$ im!or$an$ are ea*enAs s!iri$ual Bo)s, +ose a!!eals (ar
sur!ass $e more !)si"al delig$s $a$ $em!$ us so mu" in $is +orld, Al$oug
$e) are a !ermanen$ !ar$ o( $e ea*enl) so"ie$), i$ is also .elie*ed $a$
us.ands and $eir +i*es and $eir "ildren +ill .e $oge$er in ea*en F69%29G,
Te glor) o( ea*en and $e *er) essen"e o( E$ernal /i(e +ill .e $e a.ili$) $o
mee$ +i$ $e Erea$or Alla, and .e in a s$a$e o( !er(e"$ !ea"e,
Hn $e o$er and, Hell, C@aannumA, $e !la"e o( (ire, is a !la"e o( "on$inuous
$ormen$, Te ina.i$an$s are "ained u!, gi*en .oiling +a$er and !us $o drin0 and
garmen$s o( (ire $o +ear, 5oiling +a$er is !oured o*er $eir eads, and +en $eir
s0ins are $oo .urn$ $o (eel !ain, $en ne+ s0ins +ill .e gi*en $em, Te im!li"a$ion
o( $e 'urAan is "lear% $ose +o go $o ell +ill su((er $ere (ore*er F2%2;4G, I( +e
re(le"$ on all o( $is +e +ill unders$and $a$ man) (ind $e idea o( Alla !unising
e*il !eo!le ard $o re"on"ile +i$ His mer"), .u$ i$ is sugges$ed $a$ no one +ill
go $o @aannum unless a.solu$el) de$ermined $o do so,
Source
Tere(ore do I +arn )ou o( a 2ire .laQing (ier"el); None sall rea" i$ .u$ $ose mos$
un(or$una$e ones, Wo gi*e $e lie $o Tru$ and $urn $eir .a"0s,
'urAan :2%686<
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H$er 'urAani" $e?$s, su" as <%627 a*e .een in$er!re$ed .) some Muslim
s"olars $o mean $a$ ell is ra$er li0e $e Roman Ea$oli" *ie+ o( Purga$or),
Tere are s$ages and le*els o( su((ering, .u$ ul$ima$el) !uri(i"a$ion is a"ie*ed,
Man) modern s"olars +ould agree $a$ e$ernal !unismen$ is no$ "onsis$en$
+i$ AllaAs all&(orgi*ing na$ure, Hn"e $e) a*e .een !unised in ell, and so
a*e learned $eir lesson, $e) +ill e*en$uall) .e admi$$ed $o ea*en,
Source
627, Hne da) +ill He ga$er $em all $oge$er, Fand sa)G% MH )e assem.l) o( @innsL Mu"
F$ollG did )e $a0e o( men,N Teir (riends amongs$ men +ill sa)% MHur /ordL +e made !ro(i$
(rom ea" o$er% .u$ FalasLG +e rea"ed our $erm +i" $ou dids$ a!!oin$ (or us,N He
+ill sa)% MTe 2ire .e )our d+elling!la"e% )ou +ill d+ell $erein (or e*er, e?"e!$ as Alla
+ille$,N 2or $) /ord is (ull o( +isdom and 0no+ledge,
'urAan <%627
Te *as$ maBori$) o( Muslims, o+e*er, a""e!$ $e $ea"ings o( $e 'urAan as
$e) are $radi$ionall) in$er!re$ed; so $e) .elie*e $a$ a($er Budgemen$ )ou go $o
ea*en or ell and s$a) $ere (or e*er,
Student activities
6, Design a diagram $o illus$ra$e $e na$ure o( Paradise and Hell as des"ri.ed in
$e 'urAan,
2, Wa$ +ould Muslims sa) is $e ul$ima$e a$$ra"$ion o( Hea*en> Gi*e reasons
(or )our ans+er,
9, W) is i$ di((i"ul$ $o unders$and +a$ e$ernal li(e is reall) li0e>
8, Des"ri.e and dis"uss $+o di((eren$ Muslim *ie+s on $e !unismen$ o( ell,
Re(er $o 'urAani" sour"es in )our ans+er,
4, Do )ou .elie*e a lo*ing God +ould send !eo!le $o ell (or e*er> E?!lain )our
ans+er,
<, Do )ou $in0 $a$ $ere are !eo!le +o deser*e $e !unismen$ o( e$ernal ell
(ire> E?!lain )our ans+er,
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3iteral and symbolic understandings o, li,e a,ter death
Muslims a*e di((eren$ *ie+s on +e$er $e des"ri!$ions in $e 'urAan
"on"erning li(e are li$erall) $rue, Muslims $radi$ionall) .elie*e $a$ +a$ is +ri$$en
in $e 'urAan is AllaAs +ord; so $e) .elie*e $e 'urAan is "om!le$el) $rue, #ome
Muslims argue $a$ $e 'urAan is no$ o!en $o in$er!re$a$ion, And $e) .elie*e $a$
$ose +o die on a HaBB or @iad go $o s$raig$ $o ea*en,
5u$ mos$ modern Muslim s"olars +ould insis$ on a s)m.oli" in$er!re$a$ion o( $e
'urAan, (or e?am!le in i$s des"ri!$ions o( ea*en and ell, Hnl) $radi$ional
s"olars +ould insis$ $a$ $e 'urAan mus$ .e (ull) a""e!$ed as li$erall) $rue,
;
Source
God des"ri.es $e Garden in $erms o( ouris
7
, "as$les, $rees and ri*ers in order $a$ i$ ma)
.e unders$ood in $ose $erms, 5u$ in (a"$ o+ "ould $e Garden resem.le su" $ings>
2or $e) are $ransi$or), +ile i$ is e$ernal,
#ul$an Walad
#ome Muslims argue $a$ ea*en and ell are no$ !)si"al .u$ s!iri$ual !la"es,
Te) .elie*e $a$ $e e?a"$ na$ure o( Hell and Paradise are .e)ond our
unders$anding,
Source
In Paradise I !re!are (or $e rig$eous .elie*ers +a$ no e)e as e*er seen, no ear as
e*er eard, and +a$ $e dee!es$ mind "ould ne*er imagine,
Hadi$

; "tudents $$roach to World +eligion: ,slam' !age 2<,
7 Houris are ea*enl) "om!anions,
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Student activities
6, Eo!) ou$ $e $a.le $a$ (ollo+s, In $e le($&and "olumn ou$line $e *ie+ o(
$ose +o .elie*e $a$ 'urAani" des"ri!$ions o( $e a($erli(e are literally $rue, In
$e rig$&and "olumn ou$line $e *ie+ o( $ose +o .elie*e $a$ $e 'urAani"
des"ri!$ions o( $e a($erli(e are sym%olically $rue, -se sour"es $o su!!or$ ea"
*ie+,
A literal unders$anding o(
$e 'urAani" $ea"ing on
li(e a($er dea$,
A sym%olic unders$anding o(
$e 'urAani" $ea"ing on
li(e a($er dea$,
2, W) do some Muslims .elie*e $a$ i$ is .e$$er $o ado!$ a C+ai$&and&seeA
a!!roa" $o li(e a($er dea$>
9, Gi*e )our o!inion on ea" o( $e $ree *ie+s )ou a*e dis"ussed, Wi" is
$e mos$ "on*in"ing, in )our o!inion> Wi" is less s$rong> Wa$ a.ou$ $e
o$er *ie+> Gi*e reasons (or )our *ie+s,
;urther reading
Denn), 2 M, n ,ntroduction to ,slam' Engle+ood Eli((s, N@% Ma"millan,
2nd edi$ion F!!, 63762G,
Oendri"0, R, )*amining +eligions: ,slam' H?(ord% Heinemann
Edu"a$ional F!!, 439G,
Wa$$on, I W, "tudents $$roach to World +eligions: ,slam' #e*enoa0s%
Hodder S #$oug$on F!!, 29:G
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Re0ision "-ercises
Ans+er $e (ollo+ing !rue or ;alse s$a$emen$s (rom $e !oin$ o( *ie+ o( a
Muslim; and $en Bus$i() )our ans+er,
6, /i(e on ear$ is longer $an li(e in $e erea($er,
True or 2alse>
2, Te !ur!ose o( li(e on ear$ is $o li*e li(e in a""ord +i$ GodAs "ommands,
True or 2alse>
9, Hea*en and Hell are .e)ond manAs in$elle"$,
True or 2alse>
8, I$ is no$ !ossi.le $o go $roug li(e .eing a+are o( God,
True or 2alse>
4, Te !aren$s +ill su((er (or $e sins o( $eir "ildren,
True or 2alse>
<, Paradise is !er(e"$, li0e a +onder(ul garden,
True or 2alse>
Mind map
goals o( Muslims, In $e middle o( $e ma! use $e $erm C$e goalsA, Tere (ollo+s
a lis$ o( +ords )ou "an use $o .ran" o(( (rom $e "en$re, Ma0e i$ as de$ailed as
)ou "an, Ma0e i$ "olour(ul and e)e&"a$"ing,
#u.mission #)m.oli"> Isan Im!a"$ on li(e Hell
A0ira Resurre"$ion @udgemen$ Paradise
Jou ma) +an$ $o add some o$er rele*an$ +ords $o )our mind ma!,
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S"C!#O $
!he Means
!he 4ill o, Allah) !he =urAan and MuhammadAs e-ample
Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla as gi*en $em "lear guidan"e on o+ $o a"ie*e $eir
goals o( li*ing in su.mission $o God and $ere.) re"ei*e $e re+ard o( e$ernal li(e
in !aradise, Alla is mos$ generous, He +ould no$ lea*e !eo!le $o +ander
aimlessl) in $is li(e una+are o( all $e) need $o do, Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla
gi*es guidan"e on o+ $o li*e $roug messages, +i" +ere gi*en $o
Muammad, and +ri$$en do+n in $e 'urAan,
Muhammad
In $e e)es o( Muslims, $e !ro!e$ Muammad is $e !er(e"$ e?am!le o( o+ $o
li*e in a +a) $a$ is !leasing $o God, He is a means .) +i" $e) "an a"ie*e
$eir goal o( li*ing $eir li(e in su.mission $o God,
Muammad +as .orn in Ma00a For Me""aG in 4;3EE, He su((ered some
ardsi! as a "ild sin"e .o$ is !aren$s died and e +as "ared (or .) is
grand(a$er and la$er .) is un"le, As a )oung man Muammad +or0ed as a
se!erd, He +as ard +or0ing and $rus$+or$), A$ $is $ime Muammad .e"ame
0no+n as al&Amin, $e $rus$+or$) one, His ard +or0 and (air dealings el!ed
im "a$" $e a$$en$ion o( a +eal$) +ido+ "alled OadiBa, and $e) married,
A$ $a$ $ime li(e in Ma00a +as "orru!$, Tere +as mu" (ig$ing and gam.ling, I$
+as "ommon $o +orsi! (alse gods FidolsG, Tere +as also a la"0 o( "om!assion
(or $e !oor, old and si"0, Muammad s!en$ $ime alone $in0ing a.ou$ $ese
!ro.lems, and medi$a$ing in "a*es in $e moun$ains ou$side Ma00a, Hne nig$
+en Muammad +as (or$) )ears o( age e +as *isi$ed .) $e angel @i.ril
FGa.rielG, Te angel $old im $o re"i$e, +i" Muammad "ould no$ do,
Muammad "ouldnA$ read, 5u$ suddenl) Muammad realised $a$ e 0ne+ in is
ear$ +a$ $e +ords +ere $a$ God +an$ed im $o re"i$e, Tis +as $e (irs$ o(
man) messages $a$ Muammad re"ei*ed (rom God, Ea" $ime Muammad
re"ei*ed a message e memorised i$ !er(e"$l),
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!he Means
!he Sunnah
Muammad +as 0no+n as Cal&insanu&lA0amilA +i" means $e mos$ !er(e"$ man,
#o Muslims see im as $eir role model, Te +a) o( $e !ro!e$ F$e #unnaG is
also an e?am!le o( guidan"e on o+ $o li*e li(e, Muslims *alue $e #unna as $e
se"ond mos$ im!or$an$ sour"e o( guidan"e a($er $e 'urAan, sin"e MuammadAs
+a) o( li*ing el!s Muslims deal +i$ !ra"$i"al !ro.lems $a$ arise (rom li*ing ou$
$e message o( $e 'urAan,
MuammadAs !ersonal 1uali$ies are !era!s $e mos$ o.*ious $ings $a$
Muslims "an learn (rom, He +as an ones$, $rus$+or$) and 0ind man +o "ared
(or $e !oor, $e si"0 and $e need), 2or e?am!le, Muammad married man)
+omen ra$er $an see $em des$i$u$e, He o($en ga*e a+a) gi($s $o $e need), He
e*en so+ed a lo*e o( animals, Hne s$or) $ells o( Muammad "u$$ing a ole in
is ro.e ra$er $an dis$ur. a slee!ing "a$ and er 0i$$ens, 5) $r)ing $o .e $e 0ind
o( !erson $a$ Muammad +as, Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e) are !leasing Alla,
A$ a so"ial le*el $oo $e !ro!e$ +as a role model (or Muslims, No$ onl) did e
re(orm Ma00a .) im!ro*ing $e s$a$us o( +omen and .anning gam.ling and
drin0ing, .u$ e managed $o se$ u! a "ari$) s)s$em $a$ "ared (or $e more
un(or$una$e grou!s $e !oor, $e disa.led and $e old, In doing $is Muammad
+as se$$ing a !er(e"$ e?am!le (or $oda)As Muslims on o+ $o li*e% $e Islami"
religion s$ill $ea"es $a$ (or$una$e !eo!le sould el! $e less (or$una$e,
!he :adith
Mu" o( +a$ +e 0no+ a.ou$ $e #unna as .een re*ealed .) MuammadAs
sa)ings% $ese are "alled $e Hadi$, Te #unna and $e Hadi$, $e a"$ions and
sa)ings o( $e Pro!e$, +ere man) in num.er and $e) +ere sor$ed in$o
"a$egories o( di((ering *alues, Tere are $+o sor$s o( Hadi$ sa"red and
!ro!e$i", Te sa"red Hadi$, or Hadi$ 'udsi, as $e) are "alled, are $radi$ions
F+ords, deeds and "us$omsG $a$ are .elie*ed $o origina$e (rom Alla, and no$ $e
Pro!e$, Te) C(les ou$A, am!li() or e?!ress in !ra"$i"al (orm $e $ea"ings o( $e
'urAan,
#erious !ro.lems "on"erning $e Hadi$ .egan $o emerge, o+e*er, in $e +a0e
o( $e ra!id s!read o( Islam $roug Asia and A(ri"a, Ne+ si$ua$ions arose +i"
re1uired au$ori$a$i*e !ronoun"emen$s, and some Muslims in*en$ed Hadi$,
+i" su!!osedl) $oo0 $eir e?am!le (rom $e Pro!e$ imsel(, Tese rulers did
+a$ +as ne"essar), .u$ i$ +as no$ a""ura$e or ones$, Tis $en led $o a ne+
s$ud) o( Hadi$ $e?$s, +i" +ould se$ "ri$eria (or Hadi$ $o .e au$en$i"a$ed,
Hadi$ +ere $o .e reBe"$ed i( $e)%
+ere agains$ $e $ea"ing o( $e 'urAan;
$ried $o a$$a" nonsense $o $e Pro!e$;
+ere agains$ o$er +ell&0no+n e*iden"e;
"on$ained !ro!e"ies +i$ !re"ise de$ails, e,g, $imes and da$es,
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!he Means
Muslims .elie*e $a$ Muammad +as $e las$ in a long line o( !ro!e$s,
Muammad +as des"ri.ed as C$e seal o( $e !ro!e$sA as e +as $e (inal
!ro!e$, And $e messages +i" e re"ei*ed +ere .elie*ed $o .e !ure and
unal$ered .) uman0ind,
Source
Muammad is no$ $e (a$er o( an) o( )our men, .u$ Fe isG $e Messenger o( Alla, and
$e #eal o( $e Pro!e$s% and Alla as (ull 0no+ledge o( all $ings,
'urAan 99%83
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!he Means
Student activities
6, 5rie(l) re"oun$ $e main e*en$s in MuammadAs li(e, +i" led u! $o $e (irs$
re*ela$ion,
2, Wa$ im!a"$ +ould MuammadAs earl) li(e a*e ad on $e 0ind o( !erson e
+as>
9, Wa$ +ere $e so"ial !ro.lems in Ma00a +i" "on"erned Muammad>
8, -sing $e resour"es in $e "lassroom and $e In$erne$ Fi( )ou a*e a""essG,
"arr) ou$ an in*es$iga$ion in$o $e "ara"$er o( Muammad, 2ind ou$ +a$ )ou
"an a.ou$ $e sor$ o( !erson e +as, #u!!or$ )our dis"o*eries +i$ e*iden"e
(rom $e #unna and Hadi$,
4, W) do Muslims .elie*e Alla "ose Muammad $o .e $e (inal !ro!e$>
<, Wa$ is $e #unna and +) is i$ so im!or$an$ (or Muslims>
;, Wa$ are $e $+o $)!es o( Hadi$>
7, Wa$ is $e !ro"ess +i" is (ollo+ed +en $r)ing $o +or0 ou$ +i" Hadi$
are genuine>
!he =urAan
Te mos$ im!or$an$ sour"e o( guidan"e (or a Muslim is $e 'urAan, Te roo$
meaning o( $e +ord C'urAanA is C$o re"i$eA, as $a$ is o+ i$ +as originall)
$ransmi$$ed, Te Pro!e$ re"i$ed $e +ords o( re*ela$ion, and $ose +o eard
im remem.ered $em +ord !er(e"$, 5e"ause e re"i$ed $ese re*ela$ions man)
$imes, o$ers "ould learn $em, "ross&re(eren"ing and "e"0ing +a$ $e) ad
eard,
6
A$ (irs$ $ere +as resis$an"e $o re!rodu"ing C$e +ordA in +ri$$en (orm,
5e"ause i$ "arried +i$ i$ a $rans(orming s!iri$ual e((e"$, i$ +as "onsidered .e$$er
$o ide i$ +i$in oneAs ear$ and mind ra$er $an e?$ernalise i$ on a !ie"e o(
!ar"men$,
6 Wes$erners usuall) (ind $is mode o( learning in"redi.le, .u$ *isi$ors $o $e
Middle Eas$ ma) s$ill "ome a"ross !eo!le +o are a.le $o re"i$e $e 'urAan +ord
!er(e"$,
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!he Means
In $ime, o+e*er, some o( MuammadAs .es$ "on*er$s +ere .eing 0illed in .a$$le;
$eir enemies +ere .en$ on "rusing $e earlies$ Muslim "ommuni$ies, I$ .e"ame
ne"essar) $o Credu"eA $e 'urAan $o i$s +ri$$en (orm, les$ Muslims +ould lose $e
re*ealed Word o( Alla, Te) +ro$e $e earlies$ #uras F"a!$ers or !assages o(
$e 'urAanG on +a$e*er ma$erial
2
+as a*aila.le, E*en$uall) i$ +as all "olle"$ed
$oge$er, "e"0ed and "ross"e"0ed, mu$uall) a""e!$ed or edi$ed, and
re!rodu"ed in i$s "om!le$ed (orm, In $is +a) Muslims are a.solu$el) "on*in"ed
$a$ in $e 'urAan $e) a*e a "o!) o( $e li$eral Word o( Alla, +i" is !er(e"$,
relia.le and "om!le$e,
Te essen$ial $ea"ing o( $e 'urAan is no$ "om!li"a$ed and is as (ollo+s%
Alla is Hne .esides +om no o$er god "an e?is$
Alla is mer"i(ul; !eo!le are morall) res!onsi.le $o Alla (or $eir deeds
Tere +ill .e a Da) o( Di*ine @udgemen$ (ollo+ing $e Resurre"$ion
Te damned +ill su((er in ell and $e .lessed +ill enBo) $e !leasures o(
ea*en
Humani$)As religious du$ies are $o .elie*e in Alla; re!en$ (rom sin; !ra) $o or
+orsi! Alla; el! $e !oor and no$ de"ei*e o$ers in .usiness,
All $a$ remains is a!!li"a$ion and o.edien"e,
2 Pa!)rus !ar"men$, !ie"es o( lea$er, .one, s$one, e$",
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!he Means
Mandatory source
6, A, /, M,
2, Alla, Tere is no god .u$ He, $e /i*ing, $e #el(&#u.sis$ing, E$ernal,
9, I$ is He Wo sen$ do+n $o $ee Fs$e! .) s$e!G, in $ru$, $e 5oo0, "on(irming +a$ +en$
.e(ore i$; and He sen$ do+n $e /a+ Fo( MosesG and $e Gos!el Fo( @esusG .e(ore $is,
as a guide $o man0ind, and He sen$ do+n $e "ri$erion Fo( Budgemen$ .e$+een rig$
and +rongG,
8, Ten $ose +o reBe"$ 2ai$ in $e #igns o( Alla +ill su((er $e se*eres$ !enal$), and
Alla is E?al$ed in Mig$, /ord o( Re$ri.u$ion,
4, 2rom Alla, *eril) no$ing is idden on ear$ or in $e ea*ens,
<, He i$ is Wo sa!es )ou in $e +om.s as He !leases, Tere is no god .u$ He, $e
E?al$ed in Mig$, $e Wise,
;, He i$ is Wo as sen$ do+n $o $ee $e 5oo0% In i$ are *erses .asi" or (undamen$al Fo(
es$a.lised meaningG; $e) are $e (ounda$ion o( $e 5oo0% o$ers are allegori"al, 5u$
$ose in +ose ear$s is !er*ersi$) (ollo+ $e !ar$ $ereo( $a$ is allegori"al, see0ing
dis"ord, and sear"ing (or i$s idden meanings, .u$ no one 0no+s i$s idden meanings
e?"e!$ Alla, And $ose +o are (irml) grounded in 0no+ledge sa)% MWe .elie*e in $e
5oo0; $e +ole o( i$ is (rom our /ord%N and none +ill gras! $e Message e?"e!$ men
o( unders$anding,
7, MHur /ordLN F$e) sa)G, M/e$ no$ our ear$s de*ia$e no+ a($er Tou as$ guided us, .u$
gran$ us mer") (rom Tine o+n Presen"e; (or Tou ar$ $e Gran$or o( .oun$ies +i$ou$
measure,N
'urAan 9%67
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!he Means
Student activities
6, W) +ere MuammadAs (ollo+ers relu"$an$ $o +ri$e do+n $e messages
re"ei*ed .) Muammad (rom God>
2, W) +ere $e messages e*en$uall) +ri$$en do+n>
9, E?!lain o+ $e messages Muammad re"ei*ed +ere 0e!$ sa(e .e(ore .eing
+ri$$en do+n, W) do Muslims .elie*e $is $o .e a relia.le me$od o( 0ee!ing
$e !uri$) o( $e message>
8, Do )ou agree +i$ $e *ie+ $a$ i$ is .e$$er $o 0no+ im!or$an$ +ords $an
sim!l) a*e $em +ri$$en do+n> E?!lain )our ans+er,
4, In 'urAan 9%67 some o( $e essen$ial $ea"ing men$ioned a.o*e is gi*en,
Iden$i() *erses (rom $e 'urAan 9%67 +i" re(er $o $e $ea"ing lis$ed, 2or
essen$ial $ea"ing no$ men$ioned in $is sour"e loo0 else+ere in )our no$es
(or a 'urAani" sour"e $o su!!or$ $em,
<, W) does 'urAan 9%67 dis"ourage !eo!le (rom loo0ing (or idden
messages>
Shariah
#aria is a di*inel) ordained +a) o( li(e, I$ ena.les Muslims $o su.mi$ $eir +ole
li*es $o God, I$ is a s$raig$ !a$, or "ode o( .ea*iour, $a$ guides Muslims in $e
"ourse o( $eir e*er)da) e?is$en"e $o de"isions +i" a((e"$ $e running o( +ole
"ommuni$ies, I$ is a.ou$ rig$ and +rong .ea*iour, and .uilding good
rela$ionsi!s +i$ God, His "rea$ion and one ano$er, In order $o !lease God,
Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e) sould (ollo+ e*er) !ar$ o( $e la+, To (ail $o do one
$ing is $o ignore GodAs +ill,
Source
#o+ us $e s$raig$ +a),
Te +a) o( $ose on +om Tou as$ .es$o+ed T) Gra"e, $ose +ose
F!or$ionG is no$ +ra$, and +o go no$ as$ra), 'urAan 6%<;
!he sources
Te 'urAan is $e (oremos$ sour"e o( la+% so mu" so $a$ some s"olars go as
(ar as sa)ing $a$ i$ is $e onl) sour"e o( la+ and all o$ers are e?!lana$ions o( i$,
mainl) .eing $e a"$ions and sa)ings o( $e Pro!e$ Muammad,
Wen $e Pro!e$ !rea"ed is (inal sermon ou$side Ma00a on Moun$ Ara(a$ e
said $a$ e +as lea*ing .eind $e 'urAan and is +a), $e #unnaPHadi$, I(
Muslims +ere $o old (as$ $o $ese $e) +ould .e guided,
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!he Means
Source
Jou a*e .een le($ GodAs .oo0, $e 'urAan, I( )ou old (as$ $o i$ and do no$ le$ i$ go, )ou
+ill no$ s$ra) (rom $e rig$ .a$, Peo!le re(le"$ on m) +ordsR,I lea*e $+o $ings, $e
'urAan and $e e?am!le o( m) li(e, I( )ou (ollo+ $ese )ou +ill no$ (ail,
Hadi$
Man) Muslims argue $a$ $e 'urAan and $e #unna are all $a$ is needed $o
+or0 ou$ o+ a Muslim sould li*e $oda), Ho+e*er, o$ers use a range o( sour"es
$o $r) and +or0 ou$ o+ $o li*e in $e modern +orld, Te 'urAan and #unna +ere
laid do+n nearl) 6833 )ears ago and so $e) do no$ deal dire"$l) +i$ modern&
da) !ro.lems, Is i$ a""e!$a.le (or a Muslim $o lis$en $o !o! musi", "a$ on $e
In$erne$, use a "amera or use "on$ra"e!$ion> Muslims a*e ado!$ed a s)s$em
"alled ,0tihad +i" +or0s ou$ Muslim !rin"i!les .) $urning $o $e 'urAan and
#unna and using reason and Budgemen$ $o (ind solu$ions $o modernda)
!ro.lems, Hne me$od o( doing $is is .) using $e "om.ined o!inions o( Muslim
s"olars, Man) Muslims .elie*e $a$ Alla +ould no$ allo+ a grou! o( Muslim
s"olars $o (orm $e +rong de"ision, Te de"isions +i" $e e?!er$s agree $o
are 0no+n as ,0ma F"onsensusG,
/egal s"olars are 0no+n as 1lama +i" li$erall) means C$ose +o are
learnedA, Te ulama are no$ "lerg) as Islam does no$ re"ognise su" a "lass, .u$
$e) o((er guidan"e and su!!or$ $o $e Muslim "ommuni$), Tere is en"e no
Islami" ierar") or religious .ureau"ra"), During $e Islami" Em!ire $ere +ere
Islami" Budges 2&adis in Ara.i"G,
A (our$ sour"e (or $e #aria +i" Muslims use is 0no+n as &iyas/ Tis is $e
!ra"$i"e o( dra+ing analogies (rom $e 'urAan and #unna, I( $ere is a modern&
da) !ro.lem no$ "o*ered in $e 'urAan and #unna, $en Muslims +ill dra+
"om!arisons, 2or e?am!le, i( Muslims +ised $o dis"o*er +e$er $e) "ould use
eroin, i$ +ould .e sensi.le (or $em $o "om!are $e 'urAani" $ea"ing +i"
.ans al"ool and $o dra+ $e "on"lusion $a$ o$er Cin$o?i"an$sA are also .anned,
Tere are (i*e !rin"i!les or "a$egories o( a"$s $a$ are re"ognised .) Islami" la+,
3ard: Tings $a$ mus$ .e done, e,g, !ra)ers (i*e $imes a da)
Haram: Tings $a$ "anno$ .e done, e,g, ea$ing a .a"on sand+i"
Mandu%: Tings $a$ are re"ommended .u$ no$ essen$ial, e,g, gi*ing o(
e?$ra "ari$) Fin addi$ion $o Ka0a$G
Makruh: Tings +i" are disa!!ro*ed o(, e,g, smo0ing
Mu%ah: A"$ions $a$ mus$ .e de"ided .) "ons"ien"e, e,g, use o( $e
In$erne$
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!he Means
Student activities
6, Wri$e a sor$ !aragra! F43;4 +ordsG e?!laining +a$ #aria is,
2, 5elo+ are a num.er o( 0e) +ords $a$ are im!or$an$ +en unders$anding $e
#aria, Rearrange $e le$$ers, 2or ea" +ord +ri$e a sen$en"e e?!laining i$s
meaning,
5aum dum.an nAr1ua aarm dar(
asnnu A1)i di$a 0ruma mB ai
9, Gi*e $ree reasons +) Muslims "onsider $e #aria $o .e so im!or$an$,
8, Iden$i() $e (our main sour"es o( $e #aria, E?!lain $e rela$i*e im!or$an"e
o( ea",
4, Assess $e *alue o( #aria as a +a) o( li(e (or Muslims $oda), Ho+ "an i$ .e
argued $a$ #aria as a limi$ed *alue> Ho+ "an i$ .e argued $a$ #aria
is in*alua.le > Wa$ do )ou $in0> E?!lain )our ans+er,
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!he Means
!he 0iews o, Sunni and ShiAite 8ShiAi9 Muslims on spiritual
authority
#iAism de*elo!ed a($er $e dea$ o( $e Pro!e$ Muammad, Te Pro!e$
Muammad le($ no "lear ins$ru"$ions (or is su""essor as leader o( $e Muslims,
Te "ommuni$) +as s!li$ on $is issue, #ome su!!or$ed $e nomina$ion o( A.u
5a0r, +o .e"ame $e (irs$ "ali!, +ils$ o$ers (el$ $a$ Ali ad .een denied $e
rig$(ul su""ession $o $e "ali!a$e as a mem.er o( $e Pro!e$ MuammadAs
(amil) Fe +as married $o MuammadAs daug$erG, Tis led $o man) (a"$ions and
.i$$er (euds .e$+een $e Muslims and in $urn led $o $e emergen"e o( #iAi
Muslims and #unni Muslims,
9
I$ is +idel) a""e!$ed $a$ $e 'urAan and #unna are re"ognised as .asi"
sour"es (or .o$ #unni and #iAi la+ s"ools, Ho+e*er, $e #iAi la+ s"ool
!la"es grea$er em!asis and $rus$ +i$ $eir Imams +o are said $o .e di*inel)
guided leaders, #iAi Muslims .elie*e $a$ $eir Imams are semi&di*ine, Te
Imams re"ei*ed GodAs !o+er $o ma0e de"isions a.ou$ +a$ Muslims "ould and
"ould no$ do, Teir $ea"ings are uni1ue $o $em and are !assed (rom genera$ion
$o genera$ion $roug $e Imama$e, All Imams des"end (rom $e (amil) o( $e
Pro!e$ Muammad,
Tere are $ree main .ran"es o( #iAism,
6, Te Ka)dis +o are unders$ood $o .e "lose $o #unni Islam as $e) .elie*e $a$
$e Imams +ere no$ing more $an uman .eings,
2, Te IsmaiAilis +o re"ognise an un.ro0en "ain o( Imams do+n $o $e !resen$
.u$ (o"us on Imam Ismail +o +as no$ re"ognised .) $e #iAi maBori$), Te
IsmaiAilis a*e .een gi*en $e name CTe #e*enersA,
9, Te I$na&asaris +o are $e T+el*ers or $e Imamis, Te) .elie*e $a$ $ere
are $+el*e Imams, Te (inal Imam le($ $e +orld in 7;8EE and is s$ill ali*e .u$
in iding,
#iAism .elie*es s$rongl) $a$ God $ea"es and guides is !eo!le $roug is
Imams,
9 #ee Denn), 2, n ,ntroduction to ,slam
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!he Means
Man) #unni Muslims reBe"$ $e .elie( in semi&di*ine Imams .e"ause $is a!!ears
$o go agains$ $e Ta+id, or .elie( in a su!reme and uni(ied God, #unni Muslims
.elie*e $a$ $e onl) sour"e o( di*ine guidan"e is $e 'urAan and $e #unna,
Te) use $e !ro"ess o( IB$iad +en $r)ing $o +or0 ou$ o+ $o deal +i$ modern&
da) !ro.lems, IB$iad is also +idel) !ra"$ised in #iAi la+ s"ools .u$ #iAis also
use guidan"e (rom $eir Imams, Al$oug mos$ o( $e la+ a""e!$ed .) #iAi
Muslims is $e same as #unni $ere are some di((eren"es, Te reason (or $e
di((eren"es in la+ is $a$ $e Hadi$ o( $e (irs$ Imam Ali are "onsidered alongside
$ose o( Muammad +en #iAis +or0 ou$ $e la+, I( no$ing "an .e (ound in
$ese sour"es $en $e la+ is de$ermined .) a religious leader +o is .elie*ed $o
.e in "on$a"$ +i$ $e las$ Imam F+o is iddenG,
Student activities
6, E?!lain o+ $e #unni and #iAi s!li$ $oo0 !la"e,
2, Wa$ are $e .elie(s o( #iAi Muslims "on"erning $e Imams>
9, W) do man) #unni Muslims reBe"$ $e #iAi *ie+ $a$ Imams are so s!e"ial>
8, In +a$ +a)s are $e #unni and #iAi me$od o( de$ermining $e la+ similar>
Wa$ di((eren"es are $ere .e$+een .o$ me$ods>
4, Wa$ are $e .ene(i$s o( ado!$ing $e #iAi *ie+ $a$ $ere is an Imam +o
"an el! de$ermine $e la+> Wa$ are $e disad*an$ages>
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land <3
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S"C!#O /
!he Practices that :elp to Achie0e the ?oals o, #slam
!he ;i0e Pillars
Te 2i*e Pillars o( Islam are an im!or$an$ and in$egral !ar$ o( a MuslimAs !ra"$i"e
o( Islam, Muslims "onsider $e !ra"$i"e o( $ese (i*e .asi" du$ies as "en$ral $o
$eir li*es as Muslims, Te) are $e main means $o a li(e $a$ +ill lead $o
!aradise,
!he Shahadah
Te (irs$ !illar o( Islam is $e !ro"lama$ion o( (ai$, Te sim!le "on(ession o( (ai$
is +ell 0no+n% CI .ear +i$ness $a$ $ere is no God .u$ Alla, and Muammad is
$e Pro!e$ [or Messenger] o( Alla,A
Alla is Hne, Alone, A.solu$e, -ni1ue, He as no !ar$ners, no in$ermediaries, no
son, Tis sim!le s$a$emen$ o( (ai$ asser$s $e im!or$an"e o( Alla as $e one
God and se"ondar) role o( Muammad as $e messenger, I$ is a reBe"$ion o(
!ol)$eism, I$ ma0es i$ "lear $o a Muslim $a$ $ere is onl) one God +or$) o(
+orsi!,
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Mandatory source
Te) (ollo+ed +a$ $e e*il ones ga*e ou$ F(alsel)G agains$ $e !o+er o( #olomon% $e
.las!emers +ere, no$ #olomon, .u$ $e e*il ones, $ea"ing men Magi", and su" $ings
as "ame do+n a$ 5a.)lon $o $e angels Haru$ and Maru$, 5u$ nei$er o( $ese $aug$
an)one Fsu" $ingsG +i$ou$ sa)ing% MWe are onl) (or $rial; so do no$ .las!eme,N Te)
learned (rom $em $e means $o so+ dis"ord .e$+een man and +i(e, 5u$ $e) "ould no$
$us arm an)one e?"e!$ .) AllaAs !ermission, And $e) learned +a$ armed $em, no$
+a$ !ro(i$ed $em, And $e) 0ne+ $a$ $e .u)ers o( Fmagi"G +ould a*e no sare in $e
a!!iness o( $e Herea($er, And *ile +as $e !ri"e (or +i" $e) did sell $eir souls, i(
$e) .u$ 0ne+L
'urAan 2%632
As soon as a Muslim sa)s $e #aada e or se as made a *er) solemn
de"lara$ion and is $erea($er e?!e"$ed $o (ollo+ $e $ea"ings and !ra"$i"e o(
Islam, I( an indi*idual +i$ a $rue and sin"ere ear$ ma0es $is (irs$ de"lara$ion
$en e or se +ill no$ +an$ $is $o .e merel) li! ser*i"e,
Te #aada is re!ea$ed $rougou$ a MuslimAs li(e, I$ is $e (irs$ $ing said on
a+a0ing and $e las$ $ing said +en (alling aslee!, I$ is $e (irs$ +ords a ne+&
.orn .a.) ears, and i( !ossi.le i$ is $e las$ $ing eard .) a d)ing !erson,
Wi$ou$ (ai$ in $e su!rema") o( Alla $e o$er du$ies a*e li$$le meaning,
The call to $rayer is whis$ered into a new%orn %a%ys ear/
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6, W) do Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e #aada is $e mos$ im!or$an$ o( $e
2i*e Pillars>
2, Wa$ does $e s$a$emen$ o( #aada so+ a.ou$ $e na$ure o( God>
9, 'urAan 2%632 reBe"$s $ose +o see0 guidan"e (rom sor"erers, In $oda)As
so"ie$) i$ isnA$ unusual (or !eo!le $o lis$en $o (or$une $ellers and as$rologers,
W) +ould Muslims "onsider $is $o .e .las!em)>
8, A""ording $o $e sour"e +a$ are $e "onse1uen"es o( lis$ening $o $e
$ea"ers o( magi">
4, Do )ou $in0 i$ a""e!$a.le (or a Muslim $o (ollo+ as$rolog) or *isi$ (or$une
$ellers> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,
<, Ho+ "an $e #aada .e unders$ood $o .e a uni()ing (a"$or a"ross Islam>
;, To .e a Muslim a !erson as $o de"lare $e #aada and $rul) mean i$, Do
)ou $in0 $a$ i$ is im!or$an$ !u.li"l) $o de"lare oneAs !ersonal .elie(s>
Salat
#ala$ F#alaG, $e se"ond !illar in Islam, is $e name (or $e manda$or) !ra)ers o(
+orsi!, #ala$, a$ i$s dee!es$ le*el, is !ersonal su.mission $o Alla and $o His +ill
(ollo+ed .) !raise and +orsi!, +i" is $an0ing and adoring Alla (or +a$ He
is, Te Ara.i" +ord #ala$ is di((i"ul$ $o $ransla$e ade1ua$el) in$o Englis,
Muslims sould !er(orm #ala$ (i*e $imes dail), Te meaning .eind $is ri$ual
goes $o $e ear$ o( Islam, #u.mission $o Alla and $o His +ill is an ongoing
!ro"ess, +i" is $e Muslim +a) o( li(e, Regular +orsi! .uilds a s$ronger
rela$ionsi! +i$ God, Tis is all *er) ne"essar) .e"ause $e ear$ is de"e!$i*e,
+a)+ard and !rone $o +ander a($er $em!$a$ions, Regular +orsi! in $e lo"al
mos1ue also el!s, 2riendsi!s are (ormed and one learns a.ou$ $e needs o(
o$ers in $e "ommuni$),
Student activities
<9
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Men $raying in the mos4ue
Mandatory source
CH )e +o .elie*eL +en )e !re!are (or !ra)er, +as )our (a"es, and )our ands Fand
armsG $o $e el.o+s; Ru. )our eads F+i$ +a$erG; and F+asG )our (ee$ $o $e an0les, I(
)e are in a s$a$e o( "eremonial im!uri$), .a$e )our +ole .od), 5u$ i( )e are ill, or on a
Bourne), or one o( )ou "ome$ (rom o((i"es o( na$ure, or )e a*e .een in "on$a"$ +i$
+omen, and )e (ind no +a$er, $en $a0e (or )oursel*es "lean sand or ear$, and ru.
$ere+i$ )our (a"es and ands, Alla do$ no$ +is $o !la"e )ou in a di((i"ul$), .u$ $o
ma0e )ou "lean, and $o "om!le$e is (a*our $o )ou, $a$ )e ma) .e gra$e(ul, And "all in
remem.ran"e $e (a*our o( Alla un$o )ou, and His "o*enan$, +i" He ra$i(ied +i$ )ou,
+en )e said% MWe ear and +e o.e)N% And (ear Alla, (or Alla 0no+e$ +ell $e se"re$s
o( )our ear$s,A
'urAan 4%<;
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6, Ho+ "an !ra)er .ring Muslims "loser $o God>
2, W) do Muslims (eel i$As im!or$an$ $o !ra) (i*e $imes a da)>
9, Wa$ are $e .ene(i$s o( !ra)ing (i*e $imes a da)>
8, Ho+ "an !ra)er .ring Muslims "loser $o one ano$er as a "ommuni$)>
4, Wa$ di((i"ul$ies +ould Muslims a*e (ollo+ing $eir du$) o( "ommunal
!ra)er in 5ri$ain $oda)>
<, Ho+ do Muslims !re!are (or !ra)er> W) do )ou $in0 $e) do $is>
;, Wa$ +ould a Muslim do i( $ere +as no +a$er $o !re!are (or !ra)er> W)
+ould a Muslim (ollo+ $is ad*i"e i( i$ +ouldnA$ ma0e $em an) "leaner>
Bakat
Ka0a$ For Ka0aG, or manda$or) alms gi*ing, is $e $ird !illar, Tis (ollo+s on
na$urall) (rom a*ing a s$rong (ai$ +i$ regular "ommunal +orsi!, .e"ause i$
iden$i(ies +i$ $e needs o( $e lo"al "ommuni$), Religious !ra"$i"e and .elie(
mus$ a*e an e$i"al dimension, Ta0ing !ar$ in dail) ri$ual !ra"$i"e is !oin$less i( i$
doesnA$ a((e"$ $e rela$ionsi! !eo!le a*e +i$ $ose around $em,
/inguis$i"all) Ka0a$ means $o C!uri() and gro+A, Good Muslims +an$ $o aid and
su!!or$ $e "ommuni$) in +i" $e) li*e in order $o see i$ !ros!er, Hne +a) $o do
$is is $o use $e !o+er o( (inan"ial gi*ing, Te amoun$ !aid *aries de!ending on
$e si$ua$ion o( $e Muslim, A Muslim +o as sa*ings sould gi*e 2,4T o( $ese
as Ka0a$,
5akat 2or 5akah6 collection %o*
Student activities
<4
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Te me$od o( "olle"$ing Ka0a$ *aries (rom indi*idual $o indi*idual, In $e -O
$ere are man) Muslim relie( organisa$ions $a$ +ill "olle"$ and dis$ri.u$e $e
"om!ulsor) gi*ing o( Ka0a$, as +ell as *olun$ar) gi*ing su" as #ada1a,
Mandatory source
CI$ is no$ rig$eousness $a$ )e $urn )our (a"es $o+ards eas$ or +es$; .u$ i$ is
rig$eousness $o .elie*e in Alla and $e /as$ Da), and $e Angels, and $e 5oo0, and
$e Messengers; $o s!end o( )our su.s$an"e, ou$ o( lo*e (or Him, (or )our 0in, (or
or!ans, (or $e need), (or $e +a)(arer, (or $ose +o as0, and (or $e ransom o( sla*es;
$o .e s$ead(as$ in !ra)er, and !ra"$ise regular "ari$); $o (ul(il $e "on$ra"$s +i" )e a*e
made; and $o .e (irm and !a$ien$, in !ain For su((eringG and ad*ersi$), and $rougou$ all
!eriods o( !ani", #u" are $e !eo!le o( $ru$, $e Alla (earing,A
'urAan 2%6;;
Te meaning or mo$i*a$ion .eind su" gi*ing is dee!l) signi(i"an$, Muslims
"onsider +eal$ $o .e a .lessing (rom Alla, #in"e He *alues and "ares (or
e*er)one e1uall), He na$urall) e?!e"$s His .lessing and !ro*ision $o .e sared
around, Tus +eal$ .rings +i$ i$ some (orm o( $es$ or $rial, Tose +o res!ond
.) .eing generous $o o$ers enBo) His !leasure and (a*our, +ile $ose +o are
greed) and sel( "en$red and +o oard +eal$, or use i$ sel(isl) (or $emsel*es,
(all in$o a $ra! and ris0 His dis!leasure, We ma) dedu"e (rom all o( $is $a$ Ka0a$
is a !ra"$i"al e?!ression o( s!iri$ual +orsi! and a religious so"ial se"uri$)
s)s$em,
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land <<
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Student Activities
6, W) do Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e gi*ing o( +eal$ is a me$od o( "leansing>
2, In +a$ +a) is Ka0a$ an a"$ o( su.mission $o God>
9, Wa$ are $e "onse1uen"es o( oarding mone) a""ording $o Islam>
8, Read 'urAan 2%6;;, Wi" grou!s are men$ioned as a*ing need o( (inan"ial
el!>
4, A""ording $o $is sour"e +) sould Muslims el! o$ers>
<, Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e gi*ing o( Ka0a$ is a du$) and $ere(ore no$ a sour"e
o( !ride, Ho+ mig$ $is a((e"$ $e a$$i$ude o( $e re"ei*er>
;, Do )ou $in0 $a$ $e gi*ing o( "ari$) sould .e a re1uiremen$ or a ma$$er o(
(ree "oi"e>
7, W) +ould Muslims argue $a$ .elie( and +orsi! mus$ a*e an e$i"al
dimension> Do )ou agree +i$ $is *ie+> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,
:, Eondu"$ an In$erne$ sear" a$ Islami" Relie( F$$!%PP +++,islami"&relie(,"omPG
and also Muslim Aid F$$!%PP +++,muslimaid,orgPG, #ee i( )ou "an (ind ou$ more
(rom $ese +e.si$es a.ou$ $e gi*ing o( "ari$), Tr) and (ind ou$ $e me$ods
o( "olle"$ion and dis$ri.u$ion o( $ese alms,
<;
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Saum
Te (our$ !illar is #aum or (as$ing, An)one +o as (as$ed !rior $o a os!i$al
o!era$ion, or (as$ed (or a "ari$) in order $o el! o$ers in need, +ill realise in a
ne+ +a) $e *alue o( (ood, An)one +o as (as$ed in order $o !ra) +ill a*e
dis"o*ered $e meaning o( !ra)er a$ a mu" dee!er le*el $oo, In Islam, (as$ing is
seen as $e du$) o( all .elie*ers,
H )e +o .elie*eL 2as$ing is !res"ri.ed $o )ou as i$ +as !res"ri.ed $o $ose
.e(ore )ou, $a$ )e ma) FlearnG sel(&res$rain$, 'urAan 2%679
Te o.liga$or) (as$ing mon$ las$s (or $+en$)&nine da)s, i,e, $e +ole o( $e lunar
mon$ o( Ramadan, 5e$+een $e ours o( sunrise and sunse$, Muslim adul$s ma)
a*e no (ood or drin0, An e?em!$ion is !ermi$$ed (or $e .ene(i$ o( $e si"0,
)oung, old, !regnan$ or nursing mo$ers,
Te real *alue o( (as$ing is s!iri$ual, o+e*er; i$ de*elo!s dis"i!line, "ommi$men$,
!a$ien"e and "om!assion, I$ is a s!iri$ual e?er"ise in $e gi*ing o( o.edien"e $o
Alla, A$ $e "ommunal le*el, i$ is a $ime (or $e ealing o( 1uarrels .) means o(
(orgi*eness, I$ !rodu"es em!a$) and s)m!a$) $o+ards $e !oor and need),
Morall) i$ s$reng$ens $e uman +ill .) de*elo!ing !a$ien"e and sel(&"on$rol, Te
"ele.ra$ions a$ $e end o( $e mon$ o( Ramadan re!resen$ a grea$ "ommunal
e*en$ o( $e Muslim )ear +orld+ide, Te !oor dine side .) side +i$ rulers and
leaders on $e .es$ (ood a*aila.le, Again +e see in $is (eas$ a demons$ra$ion o(
"ommunal armon) and s!iri$ual "ommi$men$,
Student activities
6, Des"ri.e o+ $e "us$om o( #aum is "arried ou$,
2, Wi" Muslims are e?em!$ (rom #aum>
9, Wa$ .ene(i$s are $ere "arr)ing ou$ $is "us$om>
8, Ho+ does #aum demons$ra$e su.mission $o God>
4, Ho+ does #aum s$reng$en $e Muslim "ommuni$)>
<, In +a$ +a) +ould #aum el! Muslims .uild u! sel(&dis"i!line, "ommi$men$,
!a$ien"e and "om!assion>
;, Do )ou .elie*e i$ +ould .e easier $o "arr) ou$ $e (as$ in 5ri$ain or in a Muslim
"oun$r) li0e Pa0is$an> Gi*e reasons (or )our ans+er,
7, Dis"uss $e Muslim *ie+ $a$ a !ro!er (ai$ rela$ionsi! +i$ Alla +ill lead $o
good deeds,
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:aCC
Te (i($ !illar is $e HaBB, $e !ilgrimage $o Ma00a in #audi Ara.ia, Te a"$ual
signi(i"an"e o( $e lo"a$ion da$es .a"0 man) )ears +i$ some sa)ing $a$ $e (irs$
Pro!e$ on ear$, Adam, .uil$ $e (irs$ Mos1ue on ear$ on $is lo"a$ion, Te
se"ond Mos1ue +as $e one in @erusalem,
Muslims mus$ a$$em!$ $o ma0e a !ilgrimage $o Ma00a on"e in $eir li(e$ime,
Tere are man) "on"essions (or $ose +o are una.le $o do $is, Tose +o are
a$ a ma$ure age and are (inan"iall) and !)si"all) a.le sould s$rongl) "onsider
$a0ing $is !ilgrimage $o !uri() $eir soul,
Te HaBB signi(ies $e uni$) o( all Muslims, and i$s general !ur!ose is $o "leanse
$e ear$ .e(ore Alla and $o uni$e all Muslims, Muslim men and +omen all $a0e
!ar$ in $is in$erna$ional ri$ual !ra"$i"e $a$ .rings $oge$er Muslims (rom all !ar$s
o( $e glo.e,
2or $e a*erage !ilgrim HaBB is an o*er+elming and un(orge$$a.le e?!erien"e,
$e grea$es$ o( is li(e, I$ is seen as a *i"$or) o*er ra"e, language and na$ional
di((eren"es, Pilgrims all loo0 ali0e, +earing slee*eless garmen$s made ou$ o(
+i$e "o$$on, regardless o( $eir !ersonal ran0, +eal$ or role in so"ie$), E*er)one
sould .e gen$le, res!e"$(ul and $oleran$ $o+ards o$ers and $is sould lead $o
s$ronger rela$ionsi!s, +i" are s$reng$ened .) !ea"e and (orgi*eness, Te
s!iri$ o( HaBB is $e s!iri$ o( $o$al sa"ri(i"e% sa"ri(i"e o( !ersonal "om(or$s, +orldl)
!leasures, +eal$, "om!anionsi! o( rela$i*es and (riends, *arie$ies o( dress and
!ersonal a!!earan"e, !ride, +or0 or so"ial s$a$us, During !ilgrimage Muslims
mus$ s$o! all se?ual "on$a"$, sedding o( .lood, un$ing, u!roo$ing o( !lan$s,
"u$$ing nails and sa*ing, Te +ole !ilgrimage is designed $o lead $e !ilgrim $o
a s$a$e +ere e "an resis$ $e $ri"0s o( $e E*il Hne, and so (ull) dedi"a$e is li(e
$o Alla,
A Haj pilgrim in a
state of religious
purity called Ihram,
in a simple, white
sleeveless garment.
<:
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H )e +o .elie*eL 2ear Alla as He sould .e (eared, and die no$ e?"e!$ in
a s$a$e o( Islam, 'urAan 9%632
Muslims .elie*e $a$ on"e $e) a*e "om!le$ed $e HaBB $e) are "om!le$el)
"leansed o( sin,
Student activities
6, Were does a HaBB $a0e !la"e> Wa$ "us$oms do Muslims (ollo+ during $is
!ilgrimage>
2, Wa$ is $e main aim o( $e HaBB !ilgrimage>
9, Ho+ does HaBB demons$ra$e su.mission $o God>
8, Ho+ does HaBB s$reng$en $e Muslim "ommuni$)>
4, Wa$ !ra"$i"al !ro.lems mig$ $ere .e and o+ +ould $e) .e o*er"ome in
*isi$ing Ma00a (or !ilgrimage>
<, HaBB is a !ilgrimage +i" a$$ra"$s o*er $+o million Muslims ea" )ear, I$ "an
.e 1ui$e dangerous and in !as$ )ears undreds a*e .een "rused or 0illed
in (ires, Wa$ are $e .ene(i$s (or a Muslim o( "arr)ing ou$ HaBB>
Mandatory source
;3
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Ha*ing .rie(l) ou$lined $e 2i*e Pillars o( Islam, i$ sould .e no$ed $a$ su"
o.ser*a$ions are "onsidered $o re!resen$ $e minimal o.liga$ions in Islam, Te)
are an o*er*ie+ o( (ai$ in !ra"$i"e, and no$ $e +ole religion, Ta1+a, $e
"ons"iousness or a+areness o( Alla, sould !ermea$e $e +ole o( li(e, and no$
Bus$ $e ri$uals, Isan is ano$er im!or$an$ as!e"$ o( .elie(, +i" is $o .elie*e and
a"$ in $e remem.ran"e o( God and in "loseness +i$ Him, I( a Muslim +as $o do
all o( $is $en $e 2i*e Pillars +ould (i$ 1ui$e +ell in$o a Muslim li(e +i$ou$ $em
.eing seen as a "ore or du$),
None$eless, $e !ro!er o.ser*an"e o( $e 2i*e Pillars does a*e de(ini$e *alue,
Te) el! $o Cs$raig$enA $e !erson ou$, s!iri$uall) s!ea0ing, .e(ore Alla, A
!ro!er a!!li"a$ion o( $e 2i*e Pillars "an ena.le $e Muslim $o .egin $o (un"$ion
as GodAs de!u$) ere on ear$, and so !re!are (or $e +orld $o "ome,
Student activity: Class project
Te in(orma$ion gi*en a.ou$ $e 2i*e Pillars is a *er) .rie( ou$line, I( $ime !ermi$s,
"arr) ou$ an in*es$iga$ion in$o one !illar, Tis +or0 "ould .e "arried ou$ in !airs or
a grou!, H$ers in $e "lass "ould e?!lore $e o$er (our !illars, Jour (indings
"ould .e !resen$ed $o $e res$ o( $e "lass, -se "lassroom resour"es and $e
In$erne$ Fi( !ossi.leG, Presen$ )our (indings in an in$eres$ing +a) using !i"$ures
and +ri$$en in(orma$ion, Ma0e sure )our in(orma$ion doesnA$ sim!l) des"ri.e $e
!illar, E?!lain i$s signi(i"an"e and $e .ene(i$s and di((i"ul$ies Muslims (a"e +en
(ollo+ing $is du$), Remem.er $o dis"uss o+ $e !illar el!s Muslims a"ie*e
$eir goals o( li*ing li(e in su.mission $o God and a"ie*ing $e re+ard o( e$ernal
li(e in !aradise,
;urther reading
Denn), 2 M, n ,ntroduction to ,slam' Engle+ood Eli((s, N@% Ma"millan, 2nd
edi$ion F!!, 6629<G,
Oendri"0, R, )*amining +eligions: ,slam' H?(ord% Heinemann Edu"a$ional F!!,
48:4G,
Tames, R, World +eligions in )ducation: $$roaches to ,slam' /ondon% @on
Murra) F!!, 948<G,
Wa$$on, I W, "tudents $$roach to World +eligions: ,slam' #e*enoa0s%
Hodder S #$oug$on F!!, 9649G,
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land ;6
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Actions towards others
Islam $ea"es $a$ i$ is no$ enoug $o sim!l) lo*e and +orsi! God, /o*e o( Alla
sould au$oma$i"all) lead $o a lo*e o( is "rea$ion, 2ai$ sould lead $o a"$ion,
Tis a"$ion is no$ sim!l) limi$ed $o $e du$ies o( $e 2i*e Pillars nor rigidl)
(ollo+ing $e la+s o( $e #aria, Islam is no$ a legalis$i" religion, Muslims are
e?!e"$ed $o el! o$ers as $e need arises,
Wile i$ is $e du$) o( Muslims $o gi*e a !or$ion o( $eir +eal$ $o $e need)
FKa0a$G, $e) are also e?!e"$ed $o gi*e +a$ $e) "an +en i$ is needed,
#ada1a is gi*ing "ari$) *olun$aril), 2or e?am!le i( a +ido+ as !ro.lems
!a)ing $e .ills, a Muslim +ould .e e?!e"$ed $o el! ou$, I( an or!an needs a
(amil), Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e) sould el!, #ada1a is no$ Bus$ gi*ing mone),
An) a"$ o( 0indness is #ada1a, 5eing 0ind $o an animal is #ada1a, o!ening a
door (or a s$ranger is #ada1a, Ma0ing someone laug is #ada1a, #ada1a is
an) a"$ion "arried ou$ *olun$aril) (or $e .ene(i$ o( o$ers,
Islami" $ea"ing $a$ +e sould el! $ose in need as an im!a"$ on o+
Muslims do .usiness, In 5ri$ain, i( +e need a "ar or +an$ $o .u) a ouse +e o($en
use .an0s or .uilding so"ie$ies $o lend us $e mone), In re$urn +e !a) .a"0 $e
mone) +i$ e?$ra Fin $erms o( in$eres$ on $e loanG, Muslims .elie*e $a$ i$ is
+rong $o $a0e ad*an$age o( $e !oor $o ma0e mone) in $is +a), A !erson +o
needs mone) sould .e len$ i$ as an a"$ o( "ari$) and no$ (or !ro(i$, Muslims
.elie*e +eal$ .elongs $o Alla and so sould .e used $o el! $e less (or$una$e,
Wen $e ri" lend mone) (or !ro(i$ $e) are e?!loi$ing $e !oor, Tis a"$ is 0no+n
as usur) FRi.aG and is "ondemned in $e 'urAan, Mor$gages a""e!$a.le $o
Muslims o($en in*ol*e $e .an0 .u)ing $e ouse and $e .u)er .u)ing .a"0 $e
ouse and !a)ing a slig$l) in"reased ren$,
Source
(%+ Tose +o Fin "ari$)G s!end o( $eir goods .) nig$ and .) da), in se"re$ and in
!u.li", a*e $eir re+ard +i$ $eir /ord% on $em sall .e no (ear, nor sall $e) grie*e,
(%$> Tose +o de*our usur) +ill no$ s$and e?"e!$ as s$ands one +om $e E*il Hne .)
is $ou" a$ dri*en $o madness, Ta$ is .e"ause $e) sa)% MTrade is li0e usur),N .u$
Alla a$ !ermi$$ed $rade and (or.idden usur), Tose +o a($er re"ei*ing dire"$ion (rom
$eir /ord, desis$, sall .e !ardoned (or $e !as$; $eir "ase is (or Alla F$o BudgeG; .u$
$ose +o re!ea$ FTe o((en"eG are "om!anions o( $e 2ire% Te) +ill a.ide $erein F(or
e*erG,
'urAan 2%2;82;4
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Ahl al<kitab ) !he People o, the Book
Muslims .elie*e $a$ $e lo*e and "om!assion $a$ $e) so+ $o+ards GodAs
"rea$ion also e?$ends $o non&Muslims, Islam $ea"es a grea$ deal o( res!e"$ in
!ar$i"ular (or $e religions o( Eris$iani$) and @udaism,
In $e #unna $ere is $e (ollo+ing s$or) similar $o $e Eris$ian !ara.le o( $e
Good #amari$an%
Source
A (uneral !ro"ession !assed .) $e Hol) Pro!e$, and e s$ood u! (or i$, Peo!le said $o
im% i$ +as $e (uneral o( a @e+, He said % +as i$ no$ a uman li(e>
FHadi$ no$ed .) 5u0ariG
Eris$ians and @e+s are 0no+n as hl al!kita%: $e Peo!le o( $e 5oo0, Muslims
.elie*e $a$ Alla as sen$ a num.er o( !ro!e$s +i$ $e messages re*ealed $o
Muammad, Te !ro!e$s o( @udaism and Eris$iani$) are amongs$ $ose $a$
+ere sen$, -n(or$una$el) as $ime !assed $e messages re*ealed .) !ro!e$s
su" as Adam, Moses and @esus +ere dis$or$ed or misunders$ood, Ho+e*er, $e
$ree religions o( Islam, Eris$iani$) and @udaism a*e a grea$ deal in "ommon,
Te $ea"ings o( ea" religion on morali$) are similar and also $e .elie( in
Budgemen$,
His$or) as so+n on man) o""asions $e res!e"$ Islam as (or (ollo+ers o(
o$er religions, In <92 $e Eali! Hmar en$ered @erusalem and de"lared $e
(reedom o( all religious "ommuni$ies $o +orsi!, Wen @e+s (led !erse"u$ion
during $e #!anis In1uisi$ion in $e si?$een$ "en$ur) man) +ere +el"omed .)
Muslims,
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Student activities
6, Wa$ does #ada1a mean> Gi*e some e?am!les o( #ada1a in !ra"$i"e,
2, Des"ri.e an o""asion +en )ou "arried ou$ an a"$ +i" +ould "ome under
$e eading o( #ada1a, E?!lain +) )ou "arried ou$ $is a"$, Wa$ ma0es
$is a"$ion #ada1a>
9, Wa$ are $e rules on "arging and re"ei*ing in$eres$, +i" Muslims sould
(ollo+>
8, Wa$ di((i"ul$ies +ould rules on "arging and re"ei*ing in$eres$ a*e on
Muslims li*ing in 5ri$ain>
4, Wa$ do )ou $in0 o( $ese rules> E?!lain )our o!inion,
<, Wa$ !ra"$i"es are "ommon $o Eris$iani$), Islam and @udaism>
;, Re$ell $e s$or) o( Muammad and $e @e+is (uneral, Go on $o e?!lain in
more de$ail +a$ Muammad mean$ .) is "ommen$,
7, #in"e $e $ea"ings o( Islam, Eris$iani$) and @udaism en"ourage lo*e
.e$+een di((eren$ !eo!les, +) do )ou $in0 $e (ollo+ers o( $ese religions a$
$imes "ome in$o "on(li"$>
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Re0ision "-ercises
Ans+er $e (ollo+ing !rue or ;alse s$a$emen$s (rom $e !oin$ o( *ie+ o( a
Muslim; and $en Bus$i() )our ans+er,
6, /i(e on ear$ is longer $an li(e in $e erea($er,
True or 2alse>
2, Te "en$ral (o"us o( a MuslimAs +a) o( li(e is .elie( in one God,
True or 2alse>
9, Te #ariAa as s"o!e $o address modern issues,
True or 2alse>
8, I$ is easier $o li*e Islam in a Muslim "oun$r) $an in a non&Muslim "oun$r),
True or 2alse>
4, All Muslims agree on o+ $o +or0 ou$ $e la+,
True or 2alse>
<, Muslims, @e+s and Eris$ians sould .e a.le $o li*e $oge$er !ea"e(ull),
True or 2alse>
Mind map
means .) +i" Muslims a"ie*e $eir goals o( su.mi$$ing $o God and a"ie*ing
e$ernal li(e in !aradise, In $e middle o( $e ma! use $e $erm C$e meansA, Tere
(ollo+s a lis$ o( +ords )ou "an use $o .ran" o(( (rom $e "en$re, Ma0e i$ as
de$ailed as )ou "an, Ma0e i$ "olour(ul and e)e&"a$"ing,
#aria 'urAan #unna 'i)as IBma
#!iri$ual au$ori$) 2i*e Pillars #aada #ala Ka0a
#aum HaBB #ada1a Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 In$eres$
Jou ma) +an$ $o add some o$er +ords $o )our mind ma!,
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APP"D#C"S
Appendi- &) !he mandatory sources
!he human condition
Source ,or #ntermediate !woD:igher
664, We ad alread), .e(oreand, $a0en $e "o*enan$ o( Adam, .u$ e (orgo$% and We
(ound on is !ar$ no (irm resol*e,
66<, Wen We said $o $e angels, MPros$ra$e )oursel*es $o AdamN, $e) !ros$ra$ed
$emsel*es, .u$ no$ I.lis% e re(used,
66;, Ten We said% MH AdamL *eril), $is is an enem) $o $ee and $) +i(e% so le$ im no$
ge$ )ou .o$ ou$ o( $e Garden, so $a$ $ou ar$ landed in miser),
667, MTere is $erein Fenoug !ro*isionG (or $ee no$ $o go ungr) nor $o go na0ed,
66:, MNor $o su((er (rom $irs$, nor (rom $e sunAs ea$,N
623, 5u$ #a$an +is!ered e*il $o im% e said, MH AdamL sall I lead $ee $o $e Tree o(
E$erni$) and $o a 0ingdom $a$ ne*er de"a)s>N
626, In $e resul$, $e) .o$ a$e o( $e $ree, and so $eir na0edness a!!eared $o $em%
$e) .egan $o se+ $oge$er, (or $eir "o*ering, lea*es (rom $e Garden% $us did Adam
diso.e) is /ord, and allo+ imsel( $o .e sedu"ed,
622, 5u$ is /ord "ose im F(or His Gra"eG% He $urned $o im, and ga*e im Guidan"e,
629, He said% MGe$ )e do+n, .o$ o( )ou, all $oge$er, (rom $e Garden, +i$ enmi$)
one $o ano$er% .u$ i(, as is sure, $ere "omes $o )ou Guidan"e (rom Me, +osoe*er
(ollo+s M) Guidan"e, +ill no$ lose is +a), nor (all in$o miser),
628, M5u$ +osoe*er $urns a+a) (rom M) Message, *eril) (or im is a li(e narro+ed
do+n, and We sall raise im u! .lind on $e Da) o( @udgemen$,N
624, He +ill sa)% MH m) /ordL +) as$ Tou raised me u! .lind, +ile I ad sig$
F.e(oreG>N
62<, FAllaG +ill sa)% MTus dids$ Tou, +en Hur #igns "ame un$o $ee, disregard $em%
so +il$ $ou, $is da), .e disregarded,N
'urAan 23%66462<
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land ;<
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Source ,or :igher
4:, #a)% Praise .e $o Alla, and Pea"e on is ser*an$s +om He as "osen F(or is
MessageG, FWoG is .e$$er> Alla or $e (alse gods $e) asso"ia$e F+i$ HimG>
<3, Hr, Wo as "rea$ed $e ea*ens and $e ear$, and Wo sends )ou do+n rain (rom
$e s0)> Jea, +i$ i$ We "ause $o gro+ +ell&!lan$ed or"ards (ull o( .eau$) o( delig$% i$ is
no$ in )our !o+er $o "ause $e gro+$ o( $e $rees in $em, FEan $ere .e ano$erG god
.esides Alla> Na), $e) are a !eo!le +o s+er*e (rom Bus$i"e,
<6, Hr, Wo as made $e ear$ (irm $o li*e in; made ri*ers in i$s mids$; se$ $ereon
moun$ains immo*a.le; and made a se!ara$ing .ar .e$+een $e $+o .odies o( (lo+ing
+a$er> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god .esides Alla> Na), mos$ o( $em 0no+ no$,
<2, Hr, Wo lis$ens $o $e FsoulG dis$ressed +en i$ "alls on Him, and Wo relie*es i$s
su((ering, and ma0es )ou Fman0indG ineri$ors o( $e ear$> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god
.esides Alla> /i$$le i$ is $a$ )e eedL
<9, Hr, Wo guides )ou $roug $e de!$s o( dar0ness on land and sea, and Wo
sends $e +inds as eralds o( glad $idings, going .e(ore His Mer")> FEan $ere .e
ano$erG god .esides Alla> Hig is Alla a.o*e +a$ $e) asso"ia$e +i$ HimL
<8, Hr, Wo origina$es "rea$ion, $en re!ea$s i$, and +o gi*es )ou sus$enan"e (rom
ea*en and ear$> FEan $ere .e ano$erG god .esides Alla> #a), M5ring (or$ )our
argumen$, i( )e are $elling $e $ru$LN
<4, #a)% None in $e ea*ens or on ear$, e?"e!$ Alla, 0no+s +a$ is idden% nor "an
$e) !er"ei*e +en $e) sall .e raised u! F(or @udgemen$G,
'urAan 2;%4:<4
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land ;;
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APP"D#C"S
!he ?oals
6:, Te Religion .e(ore Alla is Islam Fsu.mission $o His WillG% Nor did $e Peo!le o( $e
5oo0 dissen$ $ere(rom e?"e!$ $roug en*) o( ea" o$er, a($er 0no+ledge ad "ome $o
$em, 5u$ i( an) den) $e #igns o( Alla, Alla is s+i($ in "alling $o a""oun$,
23, #o i( $e) dis!u$e +i$ $ee, sa)% MI a*e su.mi$$ed M) +ole sel( $o Alla and so
a*e $ose +o (ollo+ me,N And sa) $o $e Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 and $o $ose +o are
unlearned% MDo )e FalsoG su.mi$ )oursel*es>N I( $e) do, $e) are in rig$ guidan"e, .u$ i(
$e) $urn .a"0, T) du$) is $o "on*e) $e Message; and in AllaAs sig$ are FallG His
ser*an$s,
'urAan 9%6:23
Source ,or :igher
68, 2air in $e e)es o( men is $e lo*e o( $ings $e) "o*e$% +omen and sons; ea!ed&u!
oards o( gold and sil*er; orses .randed F(or .lood and e?"ellen"eG; and F+eal$ o(G
"a$$le and +ell&$illed land, #u" are $e !ossessions o( $is +orldAs li(e; .u$ in nearness $o
Alla is $e .es$ o( $e goals F$o re$urn $oG,
64, #a)% #all I gi*e )ou glad $idings o( $ings (ar .e$$er $an $ose> 2or $e rig$eous
are gardens in nearness $o $eir /ord, +i$ ri*ers (lo+ing .enea$; $erein is $eir e$ernal
ome; +i$ "om!anions !ure Fand ol)G; and $e good !leasure o( Alla, 2or in AllaAs
sig$ are FallG His ser*an$s,
6<, FNamel)G, $ose +o sa)% MHur /ordL +e a*e indeed .elie*ed% (orgi*e us, $en, our
sins, and sa*e us (rom $e agon) o( $e 2ire;N
6;, Tose +o so+ !a$ien"e, (irmness and sel(&"on$rol; +o are $rue Fin +ord and
deedG; +o +orsi! de*ou$l); +o s!end Fin $e +a) o( AllaG; and +o !ra) (or
(orgi*eness in $e earl) ours o( $e morning,
'urAan 9%686;
Source ,or :igher
96, #a)% MI( )e do lo*e Alla, (ollo+ me% Alla +ill lo*e )ou and (orgi*e )ou )our sins% 2or
Alla is H($&2orgi*ing, Mos$ Mer"i(ul,N
92, #a)% MH.e) Alla and His Messenger% 5u$ i( $e) $urn .a"0, Alla lo*e$ no$ $ose
+o reBe"$ 2ai$,
'urAan 9%96 92
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APP"D#C"S
!he Means
6, A, /, M,
2, Alla, Tere is no god .u$ He, $e /i*ing, $e #el(&#u.sis$ing, E$ernal,
9, I$ is He Wo sen$ do+n $o $ee Fs$e! .) s$e!G, in $ru$, $e 5oo0, "on(irming +a$
+en$ .e(ore i$; and He sen$ do+n $e /a+ Fo( MosesG and $e Gos!el Fo( @esusG .e(ore
$is, as a guide $o man0ind, and He sen$ do+n $e "ri$erion Fo( Budgemen$ .e$+een rig$
and +rongG,
8, Ten $ose +o reBe"$ 2ai$ in $e #igns o( Alla +ill su((er $e se*eres$ !enal$), and
Alla is E?al$ed in Mig$, /ord o( Re$ri.u$ion,
4, 2rom Alla, *eril) no$ing is idden on ear$ or in $e ea*ens,
<, He i$ is Wo sa!es )ou in $e +om.s as He !leases, Tere is no god .u$ He, $e
E?al$ed in Mig$, $e Wise,
;, He i$ is Wo as sen$ do+n $o $ee $e 5oo0% In i$ are *erses .asi" or (undamen$al
Fo( es$a.lised meaningG; $e) are $e (ounda$ion o( $e 5oo0% o$ers are allegori"al, 5u$
$ose in +ose ear$s is !er*ersi$) (ollo+ $e !ar$ $ereo( $a$ is allegori"al, see0ing
dis"ord, and sear"ing (or i$s idden meanings, .u$ no one 0no+s i$s idden meanings
e?"e!$ Alla, And $ose +o are (irml) grounded in 0no+ledge sa)% MWe .elie*e in $e
5oo0; $e +ole o( i$ is (rom our /ord%N and none +ill gras! $e Message e?"e!$ men o(
unders$anding,
7, MHur /ordLN F$e) sa)G, M/e$ no$ our ear$s de*ia$e no+ a($er Tou as$ guided us, .u$
gran$ us mer") (rom Tine o+n Presen"e; (or Tou ar$ $e Gran$or o( .oun$ies +i$ou$
measure,
'urAan 9%67
Source ,or :igher
Te) (ollo+ed +a$ $e e*il ones ga*e ou$ F(alsel)G agains$ $e !o+er o( #olomon% $e
.las!emers +ere, no$ #olomon, .u$ $e e*il ones, $ea"ing men Magi", and su" $ings
as "ame do+n a$ 5a.)lon $o $e angels Haru$ and Maru$, 5u$ nei$er o( $ese $aug$
an)one Fsu" $ingsG +i$ou$ sa)ing% MWe are onl) (or $rial; so do no$ .las!eme,N Te)
learned (rom $em $e means $o so+ dis"ord .e$+een man and +i(e, 5u$ $e) "ould no$
$us arm an)one e?"e!$ .) AllaAs !ermission, And $e) learned +a$ armed $em, no$
+a$ !ro(i$ed $em, And $e) 0ne+ $a$ $e .u)ers o( Fmagi"G +ould a*e no sare in $e
a!!iness o( $e Herea($er, And *ile +as $e !ri"e (or +i" $e) did sell $eir souls, i(
$e) .u$ 0ne+L
'urAan 2%632
= /earning and Tea"ing #"o$land ;:
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APP"D#C"S
Source ,or :igher
CH )e +o .elie*eL +en )e !re!are (or !ra)er, +as )our (a"es, and )our ands Fand
armsG $o $e el.o+s; Ru. )our eads F+i$ +a$erG; and F+asG )our (ee$ $o $e an0les, I(
)e are in a s$a$e o( "eremonial im!uri$), .a$e )our +ole .od), 5u$ i( )e are ill, or on a
Bourne), or one o( )ou "ome$ (rom o((i"es o( na$ure, or )e a*e .een in "on$a"$ +i$
+omen, and )e (ind no +a$er, $en $a0e (or )oursel*es "lean sand or ear$, and ru.
$ere+i$ )our (a"es and ands, Alla do$ no$ +is $o !la"e )ou in a di((i"ul$), .u$ $o
ma0e )ou "lean, and $o "om!le$e is (a*our $o )ou, $a$ )e ma) .e gra$e(ul, And "all in
remem.ran"e $e (a*our o( Alla un$o )ou, and His "o*enan$, +i" He ra$i(ied +i$ )ou,
+en )e said% MWe ear and +e o.e)N% And (ear Alla, (or Alla 0no+e$ +ell $e se"re$s
o( )our ear$s,A
'urAan 4%<;
Source ,or :igher
CI$ is no$ rig$eousness $a$ )e $urn )our (a"es $o+ards eas$ or +es$; .u$ i$ is
rig$eousness $o .elie*e in Alla and $e /as$ Da), and $e Angels, and $e 5oo0, and
$e Messengers; $o s!end o( )our su.s$an"e, ou$ o( lo*e (or Him, (or )our 0in, (or
or!ans, (or $e need), (or $e +a)(arer, (or $ose +o as0, and (or $e ransom o( sla*es;
$o .e s$ead(as$ in !ra)er, and !ra"$i"e regular "ari$); $o (ul(il $e "on$ra"$s +i" )e a*e
made; and $o .e (irm and !a$ien$, in !ain For su((eringG and ad*ersi$), and $rougou$ all
!eriods o( !ani", #u" are $e !eo!le o( $ru$, $e Alla (earing,A
'urAan 2%6;;
Source ,or :igher
H )e +o .elie*eL 2as$ing is !res"ri.ed $o )ou as i$ +as !res"ri.ed $o $ose
.e(ore )ou, $a$ )e ma) FlearnG sel(&res$rain$
'urAan 2%679
,
Source ,or :igher
H )e +o .elie*eL 2ear Alla as He sould .e (eared, and die no$ e?"e!$ in
a s$a$e o( Islam, 'urAan 9%632
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APP"D#C"S
Appendi- () ?lossary
dhan 25an6: Te Muslim "all $o !ra)er, some$imes CmueQQinA in Englis
hl al!kita%: Peo!le o( $e 5oo0 F@e+s and Eris$iansG
khirah: 5elie( in Budgemen$ and li(e a($er dea$
llah: $e Ara.i" +ord (or God
llahu k%ar: CGod is grea$A
(ar5akh: A !eriod o( +ai$ing .e$+een dea$ and Budgemen$
(ismillah: CIn $e name o( GodA an e?!ression used .) Muslims $o as0 (or GodAs
.lessing on an) a"$ion, (ound a$ $e s$ar$ o( almos$ e*er) sura o( $e Hol)
'urAan
Cali$h: #u""essor $o Muammad
C): Eommon Era
3ard: An o.liga$ion, some$ing +i" mus$ .e done
3ive -illars of ,slam: Te du$ies "arried ou$ .) a Muslim
Hadith: A sa)ing o( $e Pro!e$ Muammad
Hadith &udsi: A sa)ing o( AllaAs re*ealed .) Muammad .u$ no$ in"luded in $e
'urAan
Ha0: Te !ilgrimage $o Ma00a For Me""aG; one o( $e 2i*e Pillars
Halal: #ome$ing a Muslim is !ermi$$ed $o do
Haram: #ome$ing a Muslim mus$ no$ do
Houri: A "om!anion in ea*en
,%adah: Worsi!
,%rahim: A.raam
,hram: Te s$a$e o( religious !uri$) re1uired (or under$a0ing $e HaBB, Te
garmen$s +orn in $is s$a$e are also "alled Iram
,hsan: /i*ing li(e a+are o( $e "loseness o( God
,0ithad: Te use o( reason $o as"er$ain $e rig$ a"$ion
,0ma: Te agreemen$ o( Islami" s"olars on a !oin$ o( Islami" la+
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Appendices
,mam: A $ea"er, or leader o( $e Muslim !ra)er, In $e #iAi "ommuni$) a semi&
di*ine su""essor $o Muammad
,sa: @esus
,slam: Te (ai$ o( Muslims surrender or su.mission $o God
7ahanna: Hell
l 7annah: Paradise, ea*en
7ihad: s$ri*ing $o (ollo+ GodAs +a), s$ri*ing in $e !a$ o( God
8a%a 28a%ah6: Te "u.i" .uilding a$ $e "en$re o( $e Mos1ue a$ Ma00a For
Me""aG around +i" !ilgrims !ro"ess, I$ is $e (o"al !oin$ o( Muslim !ra)er
8ali$hah: GodAs de!u$ies on ear$ Fall MuslimsG, some$imes C"ali!sA in Englis
8ita%: 5oo0
Mahdi: Hne $a$ de(ea$s e*il a$ $e end o( $e +orld
Mos4ue: A !la"e +ere Muslims +orsi! $oge$er
Muhammad: AllaAs (inal messenger, an e?am!le
Musa: Moses
Muslim: Hne +o su.mi$s $o Alla
&uran: A .oo0 o( messages re*ealed .) God $o Muammad
+amadan: Te mon$ o( (as$ing
+asul: A !ro!e$
+i%a: Earging in$eres$ on mone)
+isalah: Pro!e")
+ouh 2+uh6: Te soul
"a%r: Pa$ien"e and de$ermina$ion $o li*e in GodAs +a)
"ada4ah: Iolun$ar) gi*ing $o "ari$)
"alat 2"alah6: Te ri$ual !ra)er "arried ou$ (i*e $imes a da)
"awm: 2as$ing during $e da)lig$ ours o( Ramadan
"hahadah: Te Muslim de"lara$ion o( (ai$ CTere is no God .u$ God;
Muammad is $e Messenger o( God,A
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Appendices
"hariah: Islami" la+, $e +a) o( li(e (ollo+ed .) Muslims
"hiites 2"hii "hia' "hiite6: Te se"ond larges$ grou! +i$in Islam F63TG
"unna: Te e?am!le se$ .) $e !ro!e$ Muammad "unni: Te larges$ grou!
F:3TG +i$in Islam
"ura2h6: A "a!$er o( $e Hol) 'urAan
Ta4wa: A+areness o( God
Tawhid: 5elie( in $e uni$) and su!rema") o( Alla
Wudu: Ri$ual +asing .e(ore $e dail) !ra)ers
9akat 29akah6: Eom!ulsor) dona$ion o( a se$ !ro!or$ion o( oneAs sa*ings
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Appendices
Appendi- *) !he ,amily
Te (amil) uni$ re!resen$s $e *er) .asis u!on +i" an Islami" so"ie$) or s$a$e
sould .e s$ru"$ured, I$ is ordained .) God, and so re!resen$s His +ill ere on
ear$, Eildren are $e na$ural sign o( His .lessing and a!!ro*al, Te "on"e!$ o(
arranged marriage is a "ul$ural and $radi$ional !enomenon and no$ a religious
one as Muslims a*e $e rig$ $o "oose +o $e) +is $o marr) in Islam,
A "ou!le +o reall) lo*e ea" o$er +ill arrange +a$As ne"essar) +i$ $eir
res!e"$i*e !aren$s
6
ma0e !romises $o ea" o$er .e(ore God and .e(ore
+i$nesses and marr), #e?ual a"$i*i$) is $e na$ural God&gi*en e?!ression o(
"ommi$men$ and mari$al lo*e, No o$er (orm o( se?ual a"$i*i$) is !ermissi.le, God
designed our .odies so $a$ $roug $e m)s$er) o( uman lo*e +e sould a*e
"ildren and raise a (amil), Tis re!resen$s $e ul$ima$e in $erms o( uman Bo)
and a!!iness, and $ose +o "oose $o li*e $eir li*es in a""ordan"e +i$ GodAs
+ill e?!erien"e (ul(ilmen$, "ou!led +i$ sa$is(a"$ion and digni$) in li(e, Tis is $e
0ind o( en*ironmen$ in$o +i" .a.ies sould .e .orn and "ildren raised, I$ as
no$ing $o do +i$ Cgood lu"0A
2
and e*er)$ing $o do +i$ li*ing a""ording $o GodAs
+ill and !ur!ose,
As su" i$ re!resen$s an immedia$e CgoalA in li(e +i" is readil) a$$aina.le, Tis
sould no$ .e $a0en $o mean $a$ i$ is easil) a$$aina.le .e"ause e*er)one 0no+s
$a$ marriage li0e all o( li(e is $e sour"e o( .o$ a!!iness and $rial, /o*e as
$o .e $es$ed $o .e *alued,
E?$ra&mari$al a((airs are "ondemned a.solu$el), #e? ou$side marriage is "on$rar)
$o $e di*ine in$en$, and $is misuse o( our .odies leads $o emo$ional damage,
!ossi.le disease and dis$ress, Tis sel(&in(li"$ed C.lindnessA leads $o mari$al
.rea0do+n +i$ all $a$ $a$ means (or $e "ildren and $e +ider (amilies
in*ol*ed, Indeed, (rom $e Islami" !ers!e"$i*e, Wes$ern "ul$ure is a "lassi"
e?am!le o( +a$ a!!ens in a so"ie$) $a$ reBe"$s GodAs +ill and !u$s sel(is
C!leasureA
9
(irs$,
We a*e seen $a$ $e married s$a$e re!resen$s GodAs ideal, a igl) !riQed goal
in li(e, Pera!s i$ sould .e added $a$ Muslims are !a$ien$ +i$ "eli.a$es,
assuming $a$ su" indi*iduals "oose $o remain single and $ere(ore se?uall)
ina"$i*e due $o !ro(essional $raining, or .e"ause $e Crig$A !ar$ner as no$ .een
(ound, E*en$uall) $e) ma) marr) and so (ul(il GodAs +ill,
6 Pre&mari$al se? is disa!!ro*ed o(; $e) sould marr) a""ording $o GodAs +ill,
2 Eom!ared, (or e?am!le, +i$ $e $radi$ional orse&soe or Cgood lu"0A +ises
$a$ are gi*en a$ some +eddings,
9
C#lee!ing aroundA or lus$ ou$ o( "on$rol damages e*er)one in*ol*ed, I$ is sel(&
"en$red in $e e?$reme in $a$ i$ $rea$s o$ers as C$ingsA or o.Be"$s o( desire, I$ "an
easil) degenera$e in$o idola$r), .) $urning sin(ul C!leasureA or gra$i(i"a$ion in$o a
(alse CgodA,
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Appendices
Io+s o( "eli.a"), (or e?am!le $ose made .) Roman Ea$oli" or 5uddis$
!ries$s, are misguided and de(ini$el) +rong, #u" .ea*iour is unna$ural,
"on$rar) $o God&gi*en desires and as!ira$ions, and sel(is, I( $e aim in li(e is $o
Csa*e onesel( A
8
,

$en one sould ser*e God .) lo*ing and "aring in $e +a) $a$
He ordained, $roug marriage,
#imilarl) Islam is ard on omose?ual .ea*iour, Tis is "ondemned .e"ause i$
is "learl) "on$rar) $o $e na$ural design o( our uman .odies, and "an ne*er
!rodu"e o((s!ring or a Muslim (amil) uni$, Te idea $a$ some are .orn $a$ +a) is
seen as an insul$ $o $e Erea$or God, His$or) is s$re+n +i$ e?am!les o(
murderers, $ie*es, "ild a.users and ra!is$s +o sa) $a$ $e) are +a$ $e) are
.e"ause God made $em $a$ +a), Elaims o( $is na$ure, i$ is .elie*ed, are reall)
an a$$em!$ $o e*ade uman res!onsi.ili$), #ome s"olars o( religion a*e .egun
dis"ussions in$o se?uali$) and Islam in $e lig$ o( religious s"ri!$ure,
2inall), $ere is )e$ one o$er *er) im!or$an$ as!e"$ o( $e C(amil) uni$A (rom $e
Muslim !oin$ o( *ie+, Wen one marries one does no$ sim!l) ma0e !romises $o a
"osen lo*er, one .e"omes a mem.er o( $e e?$ended (amil), Te +ole
e?$ended (amil), and .) $is is mean$ $e .ro$ers and sis$ers o( $e us.and and
+i(e, $eir "ildren, and mos$ es!e"iall) $e grand!aren$s on .o$ sides, sould
.e su!!or$ed and "ared (or in $imes o( need, H.*iousl) a Bo)ous e*en$
4
+i$in $e
e?$ended (amil) .e"omes a "ele.ra$ion (or one and all,
Je$ $e e?$ension goes (ur$er, E*en s$rangers or *isi$ors +o C"ome under )our
roo( A are in"luded, Te) sould .e !ro*ided (or and $eir immedia$e needs me$,
Again, $e s!iri$ual dimension o( Islam mus$ !ene$ra$e $e mind and soul o( a
MuslimAs a"$ions, Wil(ul (ailure $o "arr) $is ou$ is a sin in Islam, and one +o (ails
$o res!ond $o ad*i"e or re!rimands, .e"ause o( $is (ailure, +ould ruin isPer
re!u$a$ion and sel( res!e"$, Muammad made $is os!i$ali$) re1uiremen$ 1ui$e
s!e"i(i"% one mus$ .e 0ind and +el"oming $o *isi$ors and neig.ours,
8 @us$ one o( $e reasons +) some en$er $e !ries$ood,
4 /i0e a +edding or a .a.) naming "eremon),
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
APP"D#C"S
Appendi- +) ;urther reading
Belie,
Mura$a, # and Ei$$i"0, W, The :ision of ,slam' #$ Paul MN% Paragon House,
6::4, !!, 8;73
Ru$*en, M, ,slam in the World' Ne+ Jor0% H?(ord -ni*ersi$) Press, 6:78,
"a!$er 4% C#e"$s and #olidari$)A, !!, 67322< Fa good in$rodu"$ion $o $e
maBor denomina$ionsG
Wa$$, W M, ,slamic -hiloso$hy and Theology' Edin.urg% Edin.urg -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6:<2, !!, 69;, 47;3
Religion and society
A.u Amr, K, C#a)0 Amad Jasin and $e Hrigins o( HamasA, in R #"o$$&A!!le.),
"$okesmen for the ;es$ised' Ei"ago I/% -ni*ersi$) o( Ei"ago Press, 6::;
Amad, /eila, Women and Gender in ,slam' Ne+ Ha*en ET% Jale -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6::9, !!, <8;7
Den((er, A Ion, 1lum al!&uran: n ,ntroduction to the "ciences of the &uran'
E, 6, !!, 662:, E, ;, !!, 68;6<2
@a+ad, H, The +ights of Women in ,slam' /ondon% Ma"millan Press, 6::7,
!!, 664
Pe$ers, 2 E, The Ha0' !!, 64: Fs!e"i(i"all) on $e HaBB and i$s originsG
Ro.inson, N, ,slam: Concise ,ntroduction' Ri"mond, #urre)% EurQon Press,
!!, :<688 F"o*ers $e 2i*e PillarsG
#aria$i, A, Ha0 F(or a modern Islami" unders$anding o( $e HaBB and i$s !oli$i"al
orien$a$ionG
Wadud&Musin, Amina, C'urAan and Woman,A in E OurQman, ed, <i%eral ,slam'
Ne+ Jor0% H?(ord -ni*ersi$) Press, 6::7, E, 68, !!, 62;697
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Appendices
?eneral
Amed, /eila, Women' Gender and ,slam: Historical +oots of a Modern
;e%ate' Ne+ Ha*en ET% Jale -ni*ersi$) Press, 6::2
Ei$$i"0, William, The :ision of ,slam' /ondon% I 5 Tauris, 6::4
Eoulson, Noel @, History of ,slamic <aw' Edin.urg% Edin.urg -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6:<8
Denn), 2rederi"0 M, n ,ntroduction to ,slam' /ondon% Ma"millan, 6::8
F!!, 63762; 6629<; 697;6; 6:;:; 929<G
GoldQier, IgnaQ, ,ntroduction to ,slamic Theology and <aw' Prin"e$on N@%
Prin"e$on -ni*ersi$) Press, 6:76
Hasim, Oemali M, -rinci$les of ,slamic 7uris$rudence' Eam.ridge -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6::6
Oendri"0, R, )*amining +eligions: ,slam' H?(ord% Heinemann Edu"a$ional
F!!, 2<;; 929; 984; 9<;; 97:; 82;; 439; 48:4; :<:; 63366G
Oe!el, Giles, llah in the West' H?(ord% 5la"0+ell, 6::;
Mar$in, Ri"ard E Fed,G, $$roaches to ,slam in +eligious "tudies' AriQona
-ni*ersi$) Press, 6:74
Me$"al(, 5ar.ara Dal), Moral Conduct and uthority' Eali(ornia -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6::2
Momen, MooBan, n ,ntroduction to "hii ,slam' Ne+ Ha*en ET% Jale -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6:74
Nasr, #e))ed Hossein, ,deals and +ealities of ,slam' 5os$on, 6:;2
'arada+i, Jusu( al, The <awful and the -rohi%ited in ,slam' Plain(ield IN%
Ameri"an Trus$ Pu.li"a$ions, 6:;<
Raman, 2aQlur, ,slam' 2nd ed,, Ei"ago I/% Ei"ago -ni*ersi$) Press, 6:;:
Ri!!in, Andre+, Muslims: Their +eligious (eliefs and -ractices' Iol,6,
/ondon% Rou$ledge, 6::3
Roded, Ru$, Women in ,slam and the Middle!)ast' /ondon% I 5 Tauris, 6:::
#"a"$, @ose!, n ,ntroduction to ,slamic <aw' Ne+ Jor0% H?(ord -ni*ersi$)
Press, 6:<8
#"immel, Annemarie, Mystical ;imensions of ,slam' Ea!el Hill NE% -ni*ersi$)
o( Nor$ Earolina Press, 6:;4
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Appendices
Tames, R, World +eligions in )ducation: $$roaches to ,slam' /ondon% @on
Murra), 6:72 F!!, 6268; 948<; 84; :9; :7; :7633; 6368; 623G
Wa$$, W Mon$gomer), The 3ormative -eriod of ,slamic Thought' Edin.urg%
Edin.urg -ni*ersi$) Press, 6:;9
U, ,slamic -hiloso$hy and Theology' Edin.urg% Edin.urg -ni*ersi$) Press,
6:<2
Wa$$on, I W, "tudents $$roach to ,slam' /ondon% Hodder S #$oug$on
=urAan and :adith
A.dala11 and Aisa 5e+le), The =o%le &uran # =ew +endering of ,ts
Meaning in )nglish' Nor+i"% 5oo0+or0 Nor+i", 6:::
Ali, A Jusu(, The Holy &uran: Te*t' Translation and Commentary' Medina,
#audia Ara.ia% Amana Eor!ora$ion, 6:7:
Ar.err), A @, The 8oran ,nter$reted' /ondon% Allen S -n+in, 6::4; Ne+ Jor0,
6:<8
5ell, Ri"ard, (ells ,ntroduction to the &uran' Edin.urg% Edin.urg -P, 6:;3
Ga$Be, Helmu$, The &uran and its )*egesis' /ondon% Rou$ledge and Oegan Paul,
6:;<
Graam, William, ;ivine Word and -ro$hetic Word in )arly ,slam' Te Hague
and Paris% Mou$on, 6:;;
Ir*ing, R 5 e$ al, The &uran: (asic Teachings' Te Islami" 2ounda$ion, 229
/ondon Road, /ei"es$er /E2 6KE F!!, 74((G
Raman, 2aQlur, -ro$hecy in ,slam: -hiloso$hy and >rthodo*y' /ondon%
Allen S -n+in, 6:47
U, Ma0or Themes of the &uran' Minnea!olis MN% 5i.lio$e"a Islami"a,
6:73
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Appendices
Online sources
?eneral sites on #slam)
$$!%PP+++,islam+orld,ne$P
$$!%PP+++,umma,org,u0
$$!%PP+++,islamonline,ne$PenglisPinde?,s$ml
$$!%PP+++,..","o,u0PreligionPreligionsPislamPinde?,s$ml
$$!%PP+++,..","o,u0P+orldser*i"eP!eo!leP(ea$uresP+orldVreligionsP islam,s$ml
$$!%PP+++,dis"o*erislam,"omP
$$!%PP+++,*ie+islam,"om
$$!%PPar(,"om
+++,islam,org
+++,al&islam,org
+++,ar"es,uga,eduPWgodlasP
+++,umma,ne$

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