9.1.

03
AOAC Official Method 984.19
Cadmium and Lead in Cookware
Hot Leach Atomic Absorption Method
First Action 1984
Final Action 1986
WHOAOAC Method
A. Principle
Enameled and ceramic cookware containing 4% acetic acid is
heated by electric hot plate (or by internal heating elements, if pres-
ent, that are not exposed to the leach solution) to produce slowboil or
simmering of solvent solution for 2 h. Pb and Cd in extracting sol-
vent are determined by AAS.
B. Apparatus
See 973.32A (see 9.1.04) plus the following:
( a ) Ho t p l a t e . Th e r mo l i n e Mo d e l HP- A1 9 1 5 B
(Barnstead/Thermoline Corp., 2555 Kerper Blvd, Dubuque,
IA 52001, USA), or equivalent.
(b) Variable transformer.Cat No. 09-521-100 (Fisher Scien-
tific Co.), or equivalent.
C. Reagents
See 973.32B (see 9.1.04). Use only deionized distilled H
2
O.
Plus (e) Acetic acid.Glacial.
D. Cleaning of Laboratory Glassware
After normal cleaning, soak all glass and plastic ware used to pre-
pare, transfer, or store analytical solutions in HNO
3
H
2
O (4 + 6)
24 h; thoroughly rinse with H
2
O before use.
E. Preparation of Standard
See 973.32B(c) and (d) (see 9.1.04).
F. Extraction
Ware used for test must be free of grease or other material which
could influence test. Gently wash ware with detergent solution, us-
ing pad of absorbent cotton. Rinse ware thoroughly with H
2
Oand let
drain dry.
Determine total volume required to fill ware to overflowing or to
cover rest, if one is present.
Fill ware to
2
3
total volume with H
2
O; cover with self-cover or
clean sheet of opaque borosilicate glass to prevent evaporation of
solution. When leach solution is to be analyzed for Cd, ensure that
light is excluded from test surface. Heat on hot plate adjusted by
variable transformer to produce simmer or slow boil of leaching
solution, or use internal heating element, if present. Also use vari-
able transformer to prevent excessively rapid boiling in ware con-
taining heating elements. If contained heating element is not able
to produce temperatures high enough to boil solution, then high-
est temperature reached is test temperature.
When boiling or highest temperature has been reached, add suffi-
cient glacial acetic acid to make solution 4% acetic acid, cover, and
continue heating 2 h.
At end of 2 h, re-establish initial volume of solvent with 4%acetic
acid. Dip-stick (glass rod marked for depth of solution required) is
useful for replacing losses. Stir thoroughly and remove test sample
at once.
G. Determination
See 973.32D (see 9.1.04).
Reference: JAOAC 66, 610(1983).
CAS-7740-43-9 (cadmium)
CAS-7439-92-1 (lead)
2000 AOAC INTERNATIONAL