Engine Room

Shafting and etc.

Shafting
Shafting
The thrust bearing and the thrust shaft (with thrust collar) transmit the
thrust, generated by the propeller, to the hull. The thrust bearing may
be independent of the engine, but mostly is integrated in the engine.
The shaft bearings support the weight of the shafts.
The propeller shaft connects the shafting system inside the ship with the
propeller.
The stern tube guides the propeller shaft through the hull. In the stern The stern tube guides the propeller shaft through the hull. In the stern
tube, the shaft is supported by one or two oil-lubricated bearings: the
aft and forward bearing. These bearings carry the shaft and propeller
weight, and also the transerse hydrodynamic load acting on the
propeller.
The forward stern tube seal assures that the lubrication oil stays within
the stern tube.
The aft stern tube seal has two functions: to !eep the lubrication oil in
and to !eep sea water out.
Shafting
"ocuments for approal (#$I Rules)
%eneral drawings of the entire shafting, from the
main engine coupling flange to the propeller, and
detail drawings of the shafts, couplings and
other component parts transmitting the other component parts transmitting the
propelling engine torque, and in addition detail
drawings and the arrangement of the stern tube
seals and the cast resin mount for stern tube and
shafts bearings are to be submitted in
triplicatefor approal.
&ropeller shaft
In general shaft are made of forged (mild steel).
Sometimes high tensile steel, or alloys such as
stainless steel are used and may be of composite
materials. 'ost often shafts are solid, but they
may also be hollow for e(ample when light shafts
are re)uired in passenger essels or naal essels
may also be hollow for e(ample when light shafts
are re)uired in passenger essels or naal essels
or when *&&s are sed.
&ropeller shaft
'inimum diameter (#$I Rules)
! +,- factor for the type of shaft
, Intermediate
, Thrust
, &ropeller
Shaft bearings
Shaft bearings support the shafts. In general sleee
bearings are used. In sleee bearings the shaft is
supported in a lubricating film in a bearing that is
usually lined with white metal. The oil is added to
the bearing through a ring that is mounted on the the bearing through a ring that is mounted on the
shaft, and distributed by the rotation of the shaft.
The bearing capacity of these bearings lies in the
range of 0.3 to 0.5 N/mm on the pro.ected
bearing surface. The length,diameter ratio of
sleee bearings lies in the range of /.0 to 1.
Shaft bearing
Shaft bearing
'a(imum distance between bearings (#$I)
Thrust bearing
The thrust bearing con!erts the mechanical
energy in the rotating shaft into translating
mechanical energy to propel the ship. The
thrust bearing has to transfer thrust to the thrust bearing has to transfer thrust to the
hull while sailing both forward and astern.
Stern Tube
In general, two types of stern tube can be distinguished:
, Stern tube with oil lubricated bearings
, Stern tube with water lubricated bearings
2ater lubricated bearings are rarely applied in 2ater lubricated bearings are rarely applied in
merchant !essels. In naal essels the stern tube
bearings and the 3,brac!et bearing are sometimes
water lubricated. In that case, the shaft is fitted with a
bron4e sleee for protection against corrosion by the
sea water. The bearings will consist of a bron"e
bearing bush on which the bearing material, rubber or
synthetic material, will be mounted.
Stern Tube
In case of oil lubricated stern tube bearings, the shaft
does not need to be protected against corrosion
because the stern tube is filled with oil from a tan!.
This tan! is located 3 to 5 m aboe the waterline and
ensures a slight oerpressure relatie to the sea water
pressure. The bearing bush is often of cast iron and the pressure. The bearing bush is often of cast iron and the
inner surface of the bush is centrifugally cast with
white metal.
Stern Tube
Stern Tube 5enght (#$I Rules)
6le(ible *oupling
To reduce !ibration in a system to an acceptable
leel, fle(ible couplings need to be fitted.
In a geared drie, these couplings are fitted
between the engine and gearbo# to allow some
misalignment and to control the tor)ue misalignment and to control the tor)ue
ariations within the system.
3n elastic coupling introduces a low stiffness, thus
reducing the natural fre)uencies of the system.
3lso, they may hae good damping )uality thus
reducing the amplitude of the torsional
ibrations.
6le(ible *oupling
6le(ible *oupling
5imit shear stress (#$I Rules)
%earbo(
'arine gearbo(es consist of meshing teeth on
pinions and wheels, which transfer power
from a drie shaft (primary) to a drien shaft
(secondary) andreduce speed: +i 7 nengine8n (secondary) andreduce speed: +i 7 nengine8n
propeller-. Three configurations9 parallel, loc!ed
train and epicyclic.
%earbo(
%earbo(
%earbo(
'inimum diameter (#$I Rules)
&ropulsor
&ropulsor