Course Title: Biomedical Instrumentation

Course Code: BMI 403.3

Theory Practical Total
Sessional 40 10 50
Final 40 10 50
Total 80 20 100

Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to provide the basic knowledge of Biomedical
instrumentation.

Course Contents

1. Introduction to biomedical instrumentation (6hrs)

Objective of instrumentation system, biometrics, design consideration factors,
Biometrics phenomena, man instrument system, Basic transducer principles, various
type of Transducers, Transducer applications in bio-instrumentation, Bio-electrodes
theory and their topical characteristics, Human physiology with an emphasis on the
engineering principles and the relationship between the human and the instrumentation
.

2. The origin of bio-potentials and physiology for Biomedical Engineering (8hrs)

Course of bioelectric potential, resting and action potential, General anatomical
structure of the body, the muscular and skeletal systems, the nervous system, the
cardio-vascular system, the respiratory system, digestive system, Anatomy and
physiology of heart and mechanism of blood flow, Cells and bioelectricity, Blood
grouping and its major functions, Measurement of ECG,EMG,EEG and their diagnostic
applications in medicine, Recording techniques of ECG & EEG, Computer aided ECG
analysis and study of different heart diseases.

3. Cardio- vascular measurements & bio-potential measurements (9hrs)

Electro- cardiography and complete electronic circuity of ECC, Blood pressure
measurement, direct and indirect technique, ECG lead configuration, Electro
encephalograph, EEG electrode configurations, EEG recording technique, Practical
details of EEG, Electromyograph (EMG), Electromyographic technique .

4. Non-invasive, non- traumatic diagnostic instruments ( 8hrs)

Introduction to medical imaging technique, Ultrasonography, generation of ultra sound
and image formation, Blood flow measurement by thermal convection, Blood flow
determination by Readiography methods, Biomedical application & effect of x-rays, x-
ray tube, Nuclear magnetic Resonance imaging system, their operating & diagnostic
principles, Introduction to computer assisted tomography, its operating principles.
5. Therapeutic Instruments (8hrs)
Ultrasonography, therapeutic uses, Hemodialysis, Function of kidneys, Principle of
artificial kidney, Detailed discussion on hemodialysis machine, Lithotripsy machine,
Principles of operation.

6. Electrical Safety of Medical Equipment (6hrs)

Introduction, Physiological Effects of Electricity, Leakage Currents, Physiological
Effects due to Magnetic Fields, Safety codes for Electro- Medical Equipment, Basic
Approaches to Protection against shock, macroshock & microshock, Safety evaluation
procedures according to the hospital standards, Special safety measures for electrically
susceptible patients.

PRACTICAL

Students shall observe the following through analysis of a given biomedical equipment
in terms of circuit functioning
1. Practical work experience with actual instrumentation in al hospital or clinical
environment .
2. Extensive hospital field visit to see the medical equipment, their proper functioning
& day-to-day applications.
3. Principal physiological measurements and corresponding instrumentation study.
4. Measurement from ECG, EEG & EMG and their diagnostic applications in
medicine .
5. Introductions to CT Scan, USG, imaging, MRI systems. Their operating &
diagnostic principles.
6. Introduction to Lab equipment, O.T. equipment, patient monitors, pulse oximeter,
ventilator, Anesthesia, Defibrillator and other life saving devices.
7. A survey of blood physiology with emphasis on blood cells, common blood type &
their cross- matching

Text Books:

1. Cromwell, L, Weibell F.J, Pfeiffer: Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement,
Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New jersey, 1973.
2. Webster, J.G: Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design, John wiely and
sons, Inc, New York, 3
rd
edition,1999
3. Reghbir Singh Khandpur, Electronic Instrumentation in Medical Practice, Kothair
Medical Publications

Reference Books:

1. L.A Geddes and L.E. Baker, Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation,
Wiley Instrscience Publications