Chai-. hi.

aiasonky:
S^iS
tliroiij^h tlio points of division in the base PK of the cross rib PQIl draw lines parallel
to EF, to terminate in the line FK, and in the semicircle PQR. I'rom the points where
these lines meet FK, draw perpendiculars on one side of FK, and make the heights of
these perpendiculars respectively equal to the ordinates of the arc PQR ; and through the
ends of these perpendiculars draw a curve F"VK, which will be the angle rib. From the
points of meeting in the line FK draw lines parallel to F'G, and through the points of
division in SU draw lines to the centre O, intersecting the former lines drawn from the
points of division in F'K ;
through the corresponding points of intersection draw the
curves SBL and KBU, which will form the plan of the angle.
I 951. In single groins the centres are made for the widest avenue, and are covered ovei
with boards {/ig. 6'38.
), so that the top of the boards may form tlie surface required for
mrning the arch upon the intersections; or the angles are found by the following practi^'al
method. The groins meet in the points I, C
(Jiff.
6S9.), upon the boarding of the two
groins. Place the straight edge of a board upon the point I, so as to range over the line
GH on the ])lan Then set up another straight edge upon the point H, so as to be vertical,
and the straight vertical edge will meet the horizontal edge
; then apply a third straight
edge to each of the other two straight edges, so that it may also come in contact with
the boarding. After this draw a line along this third straight edge upon the boarding as
tar as may be found convenient ; shift the moveable or third straight edge, and apply it in
the same manner to another adjoining portion of the surface of the boarding. Proceed in
the same manner until the whole line be completed on the surface. By this means, the
necessity of laying down lines for the covering is avoided. The lines being thus drawn,
ribs for the cross vaults are fixed on the top of the boarding ; so that, making jirojier
allowance for the thickness of the same, its surface, when fixed, may form .the true surface
of the other cross vault. The ribs fixed upon the boarding to form the cro.ss vaults are
called jack rilis.
19.52. The mode of constructing the curves by lines is shown for a rectangular groin in
fif;
640., in which A is the plan, B the elevation.
Here, to find the pliant moulds for forming the
groins on the surface of the boarding, and working
the arch-stones, describe a semicircle on one of its
sides, and divide it into any convenient number
of equal ])arts. Draw lines perpendicular to the
base or diameter, the semicircle being supposed to be
within the piers; the ordinates will cut the diago-
nals : but if it be laid down on the outside, the or-
dinates nmst be produced until they cut the diago-
nals. From the points where the ordinates cut the
curve, draw lines parallel to the other side of the
groin, and produce the side on which the diameter
of the semicircle is placed, and extend the semicir-
cular arc with its divisions upon any convenient jiart
of the line thus produced. Through tiie points of
division draw perpendiculars, so as to intersect with
tlie former parallel lines; then through the points of
intersection draw the curve, as shown at C, whicii
will be the mould required.
1 953. Sometimes several vaults meet in one com-
mon centre, as in
Jig.
Gil., which exhibits the plan
of an eiiuiangular and equilateral groined vault,
constructed of semicircular arches.