C'2'2

THEORY OF AKCIHTECTURE. Book II.

siigsrestive la*e example, riclily moulded and carved, ns it existed before 1843 at Fontaine.
lileaii, u lien it appears to have been reused and somewhat altered, is given in tiiat v\'ork
among many others.
yii-':5(7. Tdiiher (iroiiied ceilirips are to be met with in the choir and lady chapel at St.
.Albans'; in Wavmington Church, Nurthainptonsliire, of the Early English period; in the
cloi.sters at Lincoln and (ilo'jcester ; in the towers at Exeter; in the lanttrn at Peter-
boroiigli ;
tlie lantern at Ely, and the clioir at Winchester, cathedrals
; in tlie choir at
Selby Abbey Ciiiuch, Yoikshire; in tlie nave of Bostnn Church, Lincolnshire, where it
unfortunately occupies 'i'i <'eet of height; tlie chapel of St. Mary's College. Winchester;
and the entire roofing of York Minster. The vaults s])ring from stone-work carried up as
high as required to free the ribs from the wall
;
there is no special mark of division at the
(loint where the stonework ce^is d and the woodwork commenced. The boarding was let
into a groove in the sides of the ribs, or laid on a rebate The eastern part of the chancel of
the 13th century church at Lffington, in Berkshire, is evidLMitly groined or prepared for
groining in this way, for whilst the walls and buttresses were insufficient to resist the
thrust of a vault even filled in with chalk, the stone springers exist. "There seeins to he
no good reason," continues Mr. Street, from whose lecture on Woodwork we are quoting,
"why this kind of ceiling should be condemned, as it has been by some writers, as though
it were unreal, or in any way a sham. It is nothing of the kind, and no attempt was
made to make the wood look like stone. The boarding was frequently feather-edged, and
grooved and tongned, and thus obviously of wood,
{fiff- "i^'^f-)
It may be introduced in
buildings not c.ilculated to resist the thrust of a stone vault; and it may be carried far u|)
into the roof and above the top of the walls, w'hich in stone vaults is always, v.'ithin a
little, the limits of internal height attainable."
I'AKTITIONS.
2024. The framework of timber used for dividing the internal parts of a house into
rooms is called a partition or quartertd partition. It is commonly latl.'ed and plastered
;
when the S])aces between the timbers or (juarters are bricked up, it is called a bricknogijed
}i<irtitum. The weight of a scjuare of common partition is rarely less than from l;5 to
1 S cwt.
;
hence it becomes necessary to take care that partitions should not be set upon the
floor, without taking due precaution to relieve it of the weight, either by struts, braces, or
the formation of a truss in it. When a partition occurs in an upper story, under a strongly
trussed roof, it may be often advantageously suspended from the roof, and its weight thus
taken off from the floor below. If it have a solid bearing throughout its length, it
recjuires nothing but struts between the quarters ; but these are not absolutely re(]uired.
The scaiitlings of the timbers of a (juarter iiartition should vary according to the extent
of bearing. Where that does not exceed 'JO feet, 4 by 3 inches will l)e sufticient
;
and where
it is as much as 40 feet, the (juarters should not be under
6'
by 4 inches, that is, supposing
it to bear only its own weight. When it has to bear more, the scantling must, of course,
be increased accordingly.
2025. Fig. 678. represents a design for a trussed partition, with a doorway in the centre
1 1 i i
1
I'Ji
1
li 'inn 1
,1
1
{
1
h
\
of it: in which hh is the head, and AA the sill; t/c, c?c the doorposts; <7.</ the iiitertie,
Ad, Afi the braces;
fd,
/c/ struts. Fig. 679. shows a method of trussing a partition in
which the doors are at the sides. It is obvious that additional strength may also be gained,
when wanted, by introducing a truss between the intertie and head of a partition. The
angle of inclination of braces should be about
40^^
with the hori/on.
CARRIAGE OF ST.\IHS.
2026. The framed timbers which support the steps of a staircase are called the carriage.
They generally consist of two pieces inclined to the pitch of the stairs, called the rough
itriiiys. W^hen geometrical stairs consist of two alternate flights with a half-pace between
them, the carriage of the half-pace is constructed with a beam parallel to the risers of tlie