Project FUNDA

H e a r i t L e a r n i t
Lets make engineering more easy
Join us
Engineering108.com
Engineering Graphics- Basics
Engineering108.com
Overview of an
Engineering Drawing
Engineering108.com
GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
Engineering108.com
1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
Effectiveness of Graphics anguage
The word !anguages are inade"uate for describing the
size# shape and features comp!ete!y as we!! as
concise!y.
You can easily understand that
Engineering108.com
DA!"N#$
( A Graphical Representation)
The Fact about:
$f compared with %erba! or &ritten Description#
Drawings offer far better idea about the 'hape# 'i(e ) *ppearance of
any object or situation or !ocation# that too in "uite a !ess time.
Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication
not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields
Engineering108.com
Graphic !anguage in +engineering app!ication, use
lines to represent the surfaces# edges and contours
of objects.
* drawing can be done using freehand# instruments or
computer methods.
-omposition of Graphic anguage
The !anguage is known as +drawing, or +drafting, .
Engineering108.com
.reehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
E/amp!e
Engineering108.com
$nstrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
E/amp!e
Engineering108.com
-omputer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoA!, solid works etc.
E/amp!e
Engineering108.com
Engineering
Drawing
Engineering108.com
E!ements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.
"raphics
language
"raphics
language
Describe a shape
0main!y1.
#ord
language
#ord
language
Describe si(e# !ocation and
specification of the object.
Engineering108.com
2asic 3now!edge for Drafting
"raphics
language
"raphics
language
#ord
language
#ord
language
ine
types
ine
types
Geometric
construction
Geometric
construction ettering
ettering
4rojection
method
4rojection
method
Engineering108.com
Drawing Standard
Engineering108.com
'tandards are set of ru!es that govern how technica!
drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Engineering108.com
$'O
$nternationa! 'tandards Organi(ation
'tandard -ode
*5'$
*merican 5ationa! 'tandard $nstitute
6'*
7$'
7apanese $ndustria! 'tandard
7apan
2'
2ritish 'tandard 63
*'
*ustra!ian 'tandard *ustra!ia
Deutsches $nstitut f%r 5ormung D$5 Germany
-ountry -ode
.u!! name
Engineering108.com
Drawing Sheet
Trimmed paper of
a si(e *8 9 *:.
'tandard sheet si(e
07$'1
*: 218 / 2;<
*= 2;< / :28
*2 :28 / >;:
*1 >;: / ?:1
*8 ?:1 / 11?;
*:
*=
*2
*1
*8
$!imensions in millimeters%
Engineering108.com
Drawing 'ca!es
Designation of a sca!e consists of the word +'-*E,
fo!!owed by the indication of its ratio# as fo!!ow
'-*E 1@1 for fu!! si(e
'-*E A@1 for enlargement sca!es
'-*E 1@A for reduction sca!es
Engineering108.com
2asic ine Types
Types of ines *ppearance
5ame according
to app!ication
-ontinuous thick !ine %isib!e !ine
-ontinuous thin !ine
Dimension !ine
E/tension !ine
eader !ine
Dash thick !ine Bidden !ine
-hain thin !ine -enter !ine
5OTE @ &e wi!! !earn other types of !ine in !ater chapters.
Engineering108.com
&isible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view
Ceaning of ines
'idden lines represent features that can not be seen in
the current view
enter line represents symmetry# path of motion# centers
of circ!es# a/is of a/isymmetrica! parts
!imension and ()tension lines indicate the si(es and
!ocation of features on a drawing
Engineering108.com
()ample @ *ine conventions in engineering drawing
Engineering108.com
Traditional
Drawing Tools
Traditional
Drawing Tools
Engineering108.com
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
1. &($)uare *. &riang+es
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
,. A-.esi/e &a0e 1. Penci+s
*H or H2 3or t.ick +ine
1H 3or t.in +ine
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
4. $an-0a0er 5. 6om0ass
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
7. Penci+ Eraser 8. Erasing $.ie+-
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
8. 6irc+e &em0+ate 10. &issue 0a0er
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
11. $.ar0ener 1*. 6+ean 0a0er
DA!"N# &''L$
Engineering108.com
ettering
Engineering108.com
Text on Drawings
Te/t on engineering drawing is used @
To communicate nongraphic information.
*s a substitute for graphic information# in those instance
where te/t can communicate the needed information
more c!ear!y and "uick!y.
+niformity D si(e
D !ine thickness
*egibility
D shape
D space between !etters and words
Thus# it must be written with
Engineering108.com
E/amp!e ,lacement of the te)t on drawing
Dimension ) 5otes
Dimension ) 5otes
5otes
5otes
Tit!e 2!ock
Tit!e 2!ock
Engineering108.com
Lettering Standard
*5'$ 'tandard This course
6se a Gothic te/t sty!e#
either inc!ined or vertica!.
6se a!! capita! !etters.
6se = mm for most
te/t height.
'pace between !ines
of te/t is at !east 1E=
of te/t height.
6se on!y a vertica! Gothic
te/t sty!e.
6se both capita! and
!owerDcase !etters.
'ame. .or !etters in tit!e
b!ock it is recommend to use
>9? mm te/t height
5E*.
.o!!ows *5'$ ru!e.
Engineering108.com
Stroke Seqen!e
" L
&
F
E H
Engineering108.com
9 : !
Stroke Seqen!e
Engineering108.com
N ; < =
> A
Stroke Seqen!e
1
Engineering108.com
' ? 6 #
Stroke Seqen!e
Engineering108.com
D U P 2
J
Stroke Seqen!e
1 *
Engineering108.com
4
Stroke Seqen!e
7
Engineering108.com
5
8 8
0
Stroke Seqen!e
$
,
Engineering108.com
'troke 'e"uence
+ i
Engineering108.com
'troke 'e"uence
/ @ A k
B
Engineering108.com
'troke 'e"uence
j y 3
r
t
Engineering108.com
'troke 'e"uence
c o a C
- 0
) e
Engineering108.com
'troke 'e"uence
g n m .
u s
Engineering108.com
GOOD
5ot uniform in sty!e.
5ot uniform in height.
5ot uniform!y vertica! or inc!ined.
5ot uniform in thickness of stroke.
*rea between !etters not uniform.
*rea between words not uniform.
E/amp!e @ "ood and ,oor *ettering
Engineering108.com
eave the space between words e"ua! to the space
re"uires for writing a !etter +O,.
E/amp!e
'entence -omposition
ALL D";EN$"'N$ AE "N
;"LL";E&E$
' ' '
'UNLE$$
'&HE!"$E $PE6"F"ED. '
Engineering108.com
1. 4!ace the !itt!e finger 0or penci!F s tip1 at the center as a
pivot# and set the penci! point at the radiusDdistance from
the center.
2. Bo!d the hand in this position and rotate the paper.
arge -irc!e
Engineering108.com
D The following fgures illustrates the Aligned system of
dimensioning:
Engineering108.com
Engineering108.com
QUADRANT THEORY
$
$$
$$$
$%
.O6G H6*DG*5T'
TO4
D$GE-T$O5
Engineering108.com
X
Y
1
s
t

H
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
2
n
d

H
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
=
r
d
H
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
:
t
h

H
u
a
d
r
a
n
t
1
$&
?ua-.
*
n-
?ua-.
,
r-
?ua-.
1
t.
?ua-.
: >
9P
HP
'Cser/er
&H"$ ?UADAN& PA&&ENE
"F '2$E9ED AL'N# :(> L"NE F "N ED A'! D"E6&"'NG
!"LL E:A6&L> APPEA A$ $H'!N 'N "#H& $"DE AND HEN6EE
"& "$ FU&HE U$ED &' UNDE$&AND "LLU$&A&"'N P'PELL>.
Engineering108.com
D How to fold the A2 size drawing sheets for assignment work?
H ;ark 180 mm 3rom t.e rig.t e-ge o3 t.e -ra@ing s.eet. ;ark 185 mm 3rom t.e
0re/ious mark. ;ark *0 mm 3rom t.e +e3t e-ge o3 t.e -ra@ing s.eet.
H ;ark *87 mm 3rom t.e Cottom e-ge o3 t.e -ra@ing s.eet on t.e re/erse si-e.
H 6oinci-e t.e Irst 3o+- @it. t.ir- 3o+- to get secon- 3o+-. 6oinci-e t.e t.ir- 3o+- @it.
t.e Cor-er +ine @.ic. is *0 mm to t.e rig.t o3 +e3t e-ge o3 -ra@ing s.eet to get 3ourt.
3o+-. Fi3t. an- siAt. 3o+-s are Cack 3o+-s.
H A++ +arger siBe -ra@ing s.eets i.e. A0E A1E A* an- A, are 3o+-e- to A1 siBe s.eet.
Engineering108.com
9ision to s0rea- kno@+e-ge
I
$en- interesting contents aCout 0articu+ar
suCjects E artic+es on g+oCa+ stuJsE engineering
materia+s to us @.ic. @i++ Ce .e+03u+ to your
3rien-s an- ot.ers.
I
!e memCer o3 P'JE6& FUNDAE 0ro/i-e a
me-ium to make a++ t.is @or+- @i-e t.roug. your
great su00ort. !e re)uest you to join t.is 0roject
an- make tutoria+ o3 at +east one c.a0ter o3 your
c.oiceE t.at @i++ .e+0 you to C+o@ your name an-
your kno@+e-ge o/er t.e @or+-.
engineering108.com
&.ank >ou
For more tutoria+s on engineering suCjects /isit is at
engineering108.com
Engineering108.com