Ch14 h1 Solutions

yamashiro (cry249) Ch14-h1 yeazell (58615) 1
This print-out should have 18 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
The diagram shows an isolated, positive
charge Q, where point B is twice as far away
from Q as point A.
+Q
A B
0 10 cm 20 cm
What is the ratio of the electric eld
strength at point A to the electric eld
strength at point B?
1.
E
A
E
B
=
1
2
2.
E
A
E
B
=
8
1
3.
E
A
E
B
=
4
1
correct
4.
E
A
E
B
=
1
1
5.
E
A
E
B
=
2
1
Explanation:
Let : r
B
= 2 r
A
.
The electric eld strength E
1
r
2
, so
E
A
E
B
=
1
r
2
A
1
r
2
B
=
r
2
B
r
2
A
=
(2 r)
2
r
2
= 4 .
002 10.0 points
In the M&I textbook, electric eld vectors are
displayed as individual vectors located at spe-
cic points; one can also display electric elds
in terms of electric eld lines. In electrostat-
ics:
eld lines originate on positive charges
and terminate on negative charges
the density of the eld lines is related
the eld strength the larger the eld line-
density, the greater the eld strength (note
that the line pattern in the gure is a 2d pro-
jection of a 3d-line pattern there is no exact
proportionality relationship between the pro-
jected line density and the eld strength)
the direction of the electric eld at any
point is tangential to the eld line at that
point
each point in space can have only one
E-eld direction associated with it
The eld line picture is useful for giving an
overall qualitative feel for the shape of the
eld generated by a particular charge distri-
bution.
Consider three electric eld patterns.
(Some of these patterns are physically im-
possible.) Assume these electric eld patterns
are due to static electric charges outside the
regions shown.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Which electrostatic eld patterns are phys-
ically possible?
1. (b) and (c)
2. (a) and (c)
3. (a) only
4. (c) only
5. (b) only correct
6. (a) and (b)
Explanation:
(a) Electrostatic lines of force do not inter-
sect one another. Otherwise at the crossing
point there would be an unphysical situation.
Acharged particle placed at the crossing point
would not experience a unique physical force.
Therefore (a) is not possible.
(b) The electric charges at which the lines
of force begin and end are out of the region on
the left and right, respectively. Therefore (b)
is possible.
(c) In electrostatics lines of force begin and
end at electric charges (or at innity). In
a localized region that contains no charges,
therefore, no closed loop pattern is possible.
Therefore (c) is not possible.
003 10.0 points
An electron in a region where there is an
electric eld experiences a force of magnitude
4.4 10
16
N.
What is the magnitude of the electric eld
at the location of the electron? The charge on
an electron is 1.602 10
19
C
Correct answer: 2746.57 N/C.
Explanation:
The eld is dened to be the force per
unit charge experienced by a particle (so long
as the particle has a charge small enough
that it does not change the background eld
signicantly).
Thus, we have:
q
=
4.4 10
16
N
1.602 10
19
C
= 2746.57 N/C
004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
You want to create an electric eld
E = 0, 4179 N/C, 0
at the origin. Find the y coordinate where
you would need to place a proton, in order to
create this eld at the origin.
The value of k is 8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
and the value of the proton charge is
1.6 10
19
C.
Correct answer: 5.86603 10
7
m.
Explanation:
The equation for the electric eld, in gen-
eral, is
E =
1
4
0
q
|r|
2
r.
In this case, q = 1.6 10
19
C for a proton,
and
r = 0, 1, 0,
since the eld points in the positive y direc-
tion. |r| is the unknown we want to solve for.
We can write
E
y
= 4179 N/C =
1
4
0
1.6 10
19
C
|r|
2
|r|
2
=
1
4
0
1.6 10
19
C
4179 N/C
y =
1
4
0
1.6 10
19
C
4179 N/C
= 5.86603 10
7
m.
We choose the minus sign to place the pro-
ton below the origin; this way the eld will
point upward like we want it to.
Instead of a proton, where would you place
an electron to produce the same eld at the
origin?
7
m.
Explanation:
This is simple. The proton and electron
carry the same magnitude of charge, but the
electrons charge is negative. The calculation
from above will be exactly the same, but we
choose a positive sign at the end to place the
electron above the origin. This way the eld
will still point upward as we want it to.
The following gure shows a particle with a
positive charge of 2e at location A creating
an electric eld

E at point B. Any charged
particle placed at location B experiences a
force

F.
+
A
B
F
Now, imagine a positive charge of 3e is
placed at point B. What is the value of
the electric eld at location B due to the
charge at A? (Remember that e represents
the fundamental unit of charge, 1.6 10
19
C. Also, r
BA
is the position vector pointing
from point A to point B.)
1.

E =
1
4
0
6e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
2.

E =
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
r
BA
3.

E =
1
4
0
4e
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
4.

E =
1
4
0
6e
|r
BA
|
r
BA
5.

E =
1
4
0
2e
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
correct
Explanation:
The electric eld at point B is not related
to the charge at point B, only the one at
point A, so the answers with e
2
are incorrect.
Recalling the form of the electric eld,
E =
1
4
0
q
|r|
2
r,
we see that it has the distance squared in the
denominator. Therefore the correct choice is
E =
1
4
0
2e
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
.
What is the force on the charged particle at
B?
1.

F =
1
4
0
6e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
correct
2.

F =
1
4
0
6e
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
3.

F =
1
4
0
9e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
4.

F =
1
4
0
3e
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
5.

F =
1
4
0
3e
2
|r
BA
|
r
BA
Explanation:
Force involves both particles, and has the
general form
F =
1
4
0
Q
1
Q
2
|r|
2
r,
wherer is the vector pointing between the two
charges. In this case, Q
1
= 2e and Q
2
= 3e,
so we end up with
F =
1
4
0
6e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
.
The positive particle at B is removed and an
electron is placed at location B.
What is the magnitude of the force on the
electron?
1. F =
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
correct
2. F =
1
4
0
e
|r
BA
|
2
3. F =
1
4
0
2e
|r
BA
|
4. F =
1
4
0
3e
2
|r
BA
|
2
5. F =
1
4
0
6e
2
|r
BA
|
Explanation:
The magnitude of the force is just
. So
we just take the length of the force vector,
which (following the explanation from part 2)
is given by
F =
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
.
(Remember the electron has a negative
charge.) Taking the length, we get
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
F =
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
r
BA
=
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
(1)
=
1
4
0
2e
2
|r
BA
|
2
009 10.0 points
Two identical small charged spheres hang in
equilibrium with equal masses as shown in
the gure. The length of the strings are equal
and the angle (shown in the gure) with the
vertical is identical.
0
.
1
2
m
4
0.04 kg 0.04 kg
Find the magnitude of the charge on
each sphere. The acceleration of gravity is
9.8 m/s
2
and the value of Coulombs constant
is 8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
.
8
C.
Explanation:
Let : L = 0.12 m,
m = 0.04 kg , and
= 4
.
L
a
m
m
q
q
From the right triangle,
sin =
a
L
a = Lsin = (0.12 m) sin 4
= 0.00837078 m.
The separation of the spheres is r = 2 a =
0.0167416 m. The forces acting on one of the
spheres are shown in the gure below.
mg
F
T
e
T sin
T cos
Because the sphere is in equilibrium, the
resultant of the forces in the horizontal and
vertical directions must separately add up to
zero:
F
x
= T sin F
e
= 0
F
y
= T cos mg = 0 .
Dividing,
F sin
F cos
=
F
e
mg
F
e
= mg tan
= (0.04 kg)
9.8 m/s
2
tan 4
= 0.0274113 N.
From Coulombs law, the electric force be-
tween the charges has magnitude
|F
e
| = k
e
|q|
2
r
2
|q| =
|F
e
| r
2
k
e
=
(0.0274113 N) (0.0167416 m)
2
(8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
)
= 2.92375 10
8
C .
010 10.0 points
Two spheres, fastened to pucks, are rid-
ing on a frictionless airtrack. Sphere 1 is
charged with 3 nC, and sphere 2 is charged
with 12 nC. Both objects have the same mass.
1 nC is equal to 1 10
9
C.
As they repel,
1. they do not accelerate at all, but rather
separate at constant velocity.
2. sphere 2 accelerates 4 times as fast as
sphere 1.
sphere 1.
sphere 2.
5. they have the same magnitude of acceler-
ation. correct
sphere 2.
Explanation:
The force of repulsion exerted on each mass
is determined by
F =
1
4
0
Q
1
Q
2
r
2
= ma
where r is the distance between the centers of
the two spheres. Since both spheres have the
same mass and are subject to the same force,
they have the same acceleration.
Atomic physicists usually ignore the eect of
gravity within an atom. To see why, we may
calculate and compare the magnitude of the
ratio of the electrical force and gravitational
force
F
e
F
g
between an electron and a proton
separated by a distance of 4 m.
What is the magnitude of the elec-
trical force? The Coulomb constant is
8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
, the gravitational
constant is 6.67259 10
11
m
3
/kg s
2
, the
mass of a proton is 1.67262 10
27
kg, the
mass of an electron is 9.10939 10
31
kg,
and the elemental charge is 1.602 10
19
C.
29
N.
Explanation:
Let : r = 4 m,
k = 8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
,
q
p
= 1.602 10
19
C, and
q
e
= 1.602 10
19
C.
The electrical force between electron and pro-
ton is
F
e
= k
q
p
q
e
r
2
= (8.98755 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
)
(1.602 10
19
C)
2
(4 m)
2
= 1.44161 10
29
N,
with a magnitude of 1.44161 10
29
N .
What is the magnitude of the gravitational
force?
69
N.
Explanation:
Let : G = 6.67259 10
11
m
3
/kg s
2
,
m
p
= 1.67262 10
27
kg , and
m
e
= 9.10939 10
31
kg .
The gravitational force between electron
and proton is
F
g
= G
m
p
m
e
r
2
= (6.67259 10
11
m
3
/kg s
2
)
(1.67262 10
27
kg)
9.10939 10
31
kg
(4 m)
2
= 6.35421 10
69
N .
Note:
F
e

F
g
.
What is the ratio of the magnitude of the
electrical force to the magnitude of the gravi-
tational force?
39
.
Explanation:
F
e
F
g
=
1.44161 10
29
N
6.35421 10
69
N
= 2.26874 10
39
.
In the region shown in the diagram below
there is an electric eld due to a point charge
located at the center of the circle. The arrows
indicate the magnitude and direction of the
electric eld at the locations shown.
A
B
D
C
What is the sign of the source charge? Your
answer should either be a plus sign or a minus
sign.
Correct answer: -.
Explanation:
Electric elds point away from positive
charges and toward negative charges.
The elds are pointing toward the circle, so
there should be a net negative charge inside
the circle.
Now, a particle whose charge is 6 10
9
C
is placed at location D.
Which arrow best indicates the direction of
the electric force on this charge? Enter j if
the force is the zero vector.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Correct answer: h.
Explanation:
Like charges repel, so the direction of the
force on a negatively charged particle at point
D should be away from the circle, and thus,
in direction h.
The electric eld at location D has the value
5000 N/C, 5000 N/C, 0.
The unit vector in the direction of

E can be
written in the form:
E =
E
x
,

E
y
,

E
z
where we understand

E
z
= 0.
What is

E
x
?
Correct answer: 0.707107.
Explanation:
For any vector, the unit normal can be
found by taking the vector and dividing it by
its magnitude, since
v
|v|
v
|v|
=
v v
|v|
2
=
|v|
2
|v|
2
= 1
We can easily nd the magnitude of

E:
E
2
x
+ E
2
y
=
(5000 N/C)
2
+ (5000 N/C)
2
= 7071.07 N/C
So, nally, we nd
E
x
=
E
x
=
5000 N/C
7071.07 N/C
= 0.707107
What is

E
y
?
Correct answer: 0.707107.
Explanation:
For any vector, the unit normal can be
found by taking the vector and dividing it by
its magnitude, since
v
|v|
v
|v|
=
v v
|v|
2
=
|v|
2
|v|
2
= 1
We can easily nd the magnitude of

E:
E
2
x
+ E
2
y
=
(5000 N/C)
2
+ (5000 N/C)
2
= 7071.07 N/C
So, nally, we nd
E
y
=
E
y
=
5000 N/C
7071.07 N/C
= 0.707107
The electric force on the 6 10
9
C charge
can be written in the form
F
x
, F
y
, F
z
where it is understood that F

z
= 0.
What is the value of F
x
?
Correct answer: 3 10
5
N.
Explanation:
The force on a charged particle is merely
the charge of that particle times the eld at
its location.
Therefore, we have:
F = q
E
F
x
= qE
x
= (6 10
9
C)(5000 N/C)
= 3 10
5
N

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yamashiro (cry249) Ch14-h1 yeazell (58615) 1

This print-out should have 18 questions.

where it is understood that F

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