Last Planner - Ballard

THE LAST PLANNER SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION CONTROL
by
HERMAN GLENN BALLARD
A thesis submitted to the F!u"ty o# E$%i$ee&i$%
o# The U$i'e&sity o# Bi&mi$%hm
#o& the de%&ee o#
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
S!hoo" o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&i$%
F!u"ty o# E$%i$ee&i$%
The U$i'e&sity o# Bi&mi$%hm
My ()))
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
M$y i$di'idu"s $d !om*$ies !o$t&ibuted to this &ese&!h+ To $me #e,-
D'id Seymou&. my thesis d'iso&
A$$e Seymou&. #o& %i'i$% me home i$ Bi&mi$%hm
D'id Ho&e $d Pete& Des"ey. thesis e/mi$e&s
G&e% Ho,e"". busi$ess *&t$e& $d !o0thi$1e&
Lu&i 2os1e". #o& his e/m*"e $d i$s*i&tio$
Todd 3be""e $d the P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% tem #o& thei& ,i""i$%$ess to t&y $e,
ides
Leo Li$be!1 III. Ed Be!1 $d 2thy 4o$es o# Li$be!1 Co$st&u!tio$ #o& sh&i$%
o**o&tu$ity $d dt 56 o# the 7 !ses ,e&e Li$be!1 *&o8e!ts9
No&m B&$es $d the B&$es Co$st&u!tio$ tem #o& !!ess to *&o8e!ts
I&is Tomme"ei$. e/te&$" thesis d'iso& $d !o""e%ue t UC Be&1e"ey
4e$$e B""&d. my ,i#e. #o& *utti$% u* ,ith me. es*e!i""y my bse$!es #&om
home
ABSTRACT
P&o8e!t !o$t&o"s h'e t&ditio$""y bee$ #o!used o$ #te&0the0#!t dete!tio$ o# '&i$!es+
This thesis *&o*oses !o$t&o" system. the Lst P"$$e& system. tht !uses the
&e"i:tio$ o# *"$s. $d thus su**"eme$ts *&o8e!t m$%eme$t;s !o$!e&$ #o& m$%eme$t
o# !o$t&!ts ,ith the m$%eme$t o# *&odu!tio$+
The Lst P"$$e& system hs *&e'ious"y bee$ su!!essi'e"y **"ied by #i&ms ,ith di&e!t
&es*o$sibi"ity #o& *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t< e+%+. s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&s+ This thesis
e/te$ds system **"i!tio$ to those !oo&di$ti$% s*e!i"ists. both i$ desi%$ $d
!o$st&u!tio$. th&ou%h se&ies o# !se studies. o$e o# ,hi!h "so e/*"o&es the "imits o$
u$i"te&" im*"eme$ttio$ by s*e!i"ists+
I$ dditio$ to the e/te$ded **"i!tio$. t,o =uestio$s d&i'e this &ese&!h+ The #i&st
=uestio$ is >9 What can be done by way of tools provided and improved implementation
of the Last Planner system of production control to increase plan reliability above the
70% PPC level? P&e'ious &ese&!h &e'e"ed subst$ti" im*&o'eme$t i$ *&odu!ti'ity #o&
those ,ho im*&o'ed *"$ &e"ibi"ity to the ?)@ "e'e". !o$se=ue$t"y the&e is &eso$ to
ho*e #o& #u&the& im*&o'eme$t. *ossib"y i$ "" *e&#o&m$!e dime$sio$s. es*e!i""y ,ith
**"i!tio$ !&oss $ e$ti&e *&o8e!t &the& th$ "imited to i$di'idu" s*e!i"ity #i&ms+ Tht
=uestio$ is e/*"o&ed i$ th&ee !se studies. the "st o# ,hi!h !hie'es the A)@ t&%et+
The se!o$d &ese&!h =uestio$ is 2) ow!Can Last Planner be successfully applied to
increase plan reliability durin" desi"n processes
1
? Tht =uestio$ is e/*"o&ed i$ $
e/te$si'e !se study. ,hi!h si%$i#i!$t"y !o$t&ibutes to u$de&st$di$% the desi%$ *&o!ess
#&om the *e&s*e!ti'e o# !ti'e !o$t&o". but u$#o&tu$te"y does $ot #u""y $s,e& the
=uestio$. *&im&i"y be!use the *&o8e!t ,s bo&ted *&io& to st&t o# !o$st&u!tio$+
Ho,e'e&. it is &%ued tht the Lst P"$$e& system is es*e!i""y **&o*&ite #o& desi%$
*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" be!use o# the '"ue0%e$e&ti$% $tu&e o# desi%$. ,hi!h &e$de&s
i$e##e!ti'e t&ditio$" te!h$i=ues su!h s deti"ed #&o$t e$d *"$$i$% $d !o$t&o" th&ou%h
#te&0the0#!t dete!tio$ o# '&i$!es+
>
I$ this thesis. the te&m Bdesi%$C is used to desi%$te both desi%$ $d e$%i$ee&i$%
!ti'ities. $ot sh*i$% s*!e to estheti! !&ite&i+
Issues #o& #utu&e &ese&!h &e *&o*osed. i$!"udi$% &oot !use $"ysis o# *"$ #i"u&es
$d =u$ti#i!tio$ o# the be$e#its o# i$!&esed *"$ &e"ibi"ity #o& both desi%$ $d
!o$st&u!tio$ *&o!esses+
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tit"e P%e
A!1$o,"ed%eme$ts
Abst&!t
Tb"e o# Co$te$ts
List o# Fi%u&es
List o# Tb"es
P%e
>+) I$t&odu!tio$ >0>
>+> Co$!e*tu" F&me,o&1 >0>
>+( Assum*tio$s >06
>+6 Co$t&ibutio$ to 2$o,"ed%e >07
>+D The Autho&;s Ro"e i$ the Rese&!h
>07
>+7 St&u!tu&e o# the Disse&ttio$ >0E
(+) C&iti=ue o# P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" (0>
(+> Fht is P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o"G (0>
(+>+> The Me$i$% o# BP&odu!tio$C (0>
(+>+( The Me$i$% o# BCo$t&o"C (06
(+( P&o8e!t M$%eme$t (07
(+(+> The P&o8e!t M$%eme$t Body o# 2$o,"ed%e (07
(+(+( C&iti=ue o# the T&ditio$" P&o8e!t Co$t&o" Mode" (0?
(+6 P&e'ious A**"i!tio$ o# P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" Co$!e*ts to the AEC I$dust&y (0>(
(+6+> Me""es $d Fme"i$1 (0>(
(+6+( 2os1e" (0>D
(+D C&ite&i #o& P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" System (0>7
6+) Des!&i*tio$ $d Histo&y o# the Lst P"$$e& System o# P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" 60>
6+> Hie&&!hi!" St&u!tu&e 60>
6+( Shou"d0C$0Fi""0Did 60>
6+6 P&odu!tio$ U$it Co$t&o" 606
6+D Fo&1 F"o, Co$t&o" 607
6+D+> Co$st&i$ts A$"ysis 60A
6+D+( Pu""i$% 60>>
6+D+6 Mt!hi$% Lod $d C*!ity 60>D
6+D+D The Lst P"$$e& System As Fho"e 60>7
6+7 A B&ie# Histo&y o# the Lst P"$$e& System o# P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" 60>H
6+H P&e'ious A**"i!tio$s o# the Lst P"$$e& System to Desi%$ 60(>
6+? E'"utio$ o# Lst P"$$e& %i$st C&ite&i #o& P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" Systems 60(D
6+E Rese&!h Iuestio$s- >9 What can be done by way of tools provided and 60(7
improved implementation of the Last Planner system of production
control to increase plan reliability as measured by Percent Plan Complete?
2) ow!Can Last Planner be successfully applied to increase plan reliability
durin" desi"n processes?
D+) Rese&!h Methodo"o%y D0>
D+> I$t&odu!tio$ D0>
D+>+> E$%i$ee&i$% M$%eme$t s Fie"d o# Study D0>
D+>+( Com*eti$% E$%i$ee&i$% M$%eme$t P&di%ms D0D
D+( Rese&!h Desi%$ D0H
D+(+> Rese&!h Iuestio$ D0H
D+(+( Rese&!h St&te%ies D0E
D+6 Rese&!h Methods D0A
D+6+> Dt Co""e!tio$ D0A
D+6+( Dt A$"ysis $d E'"utio$ D0>)
D+6+6 Cse Studies D0>(
7+) Cse O$e- CCSR P&o8e!t 70>
7+> P&o8e!t Des!&i*tio$ $d Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ 70>
7+( PPC $d Reso$s 70(
7+6 Obse&'tio$s 70>)
7+D Le&$i$%s 70>>
H+) Cse T,o- Ne/t St%e H0>
H+> P&o8e!t Des!&i*tio$ $d Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ H0>
H+( Dt H0(
H+(+> PPC $d Reso$s H0(
H+(+( Obse&'tio$s H07
H+(+6 Feedb!1 #&om *&ti!i*$ts H07
H+6 The Ntu&e o# the Desi%$ P&o!ess $d Im*"i!tio$s #o& P&o!ess Co$t&o" H0E
H+D E'"utio$ o# Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ H0>)
H+7 Le&$i$%s H0>(
?+) Cse Th&ee- P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% ?0>
?+> P&o8e!t Des!&i*tio$ $d Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ ?0>
?+( PPC $d Reso$s ?0(
?+6 Obse&'tio$s ?0?
?+D Le&$i$%s ?0E
E+) Cse Fou&- O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ E0>
E+> P&o8e!t Des!&i*tio$ $d Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ E0>
E+( PPC $d Reso$s E0(
E+6 Obse&'tio$s E0D
E+D Le&$i$%s E07
A+) Cse Fi'e- 3e$e! A0>
A+> P&o8e!t Des!&i*tio$ $d Lst P"$$e& Im*"eme$ttio$ A0>
A+( PPC $d Reso$s A0>
A+6 Co$st&i$t A$"ysis $d M1e Redy A06
A+D Obse&'tio$s A0H
A+7 Le&$i$%s A0H
>)+) Co$!"usio$s >)0>
>)+> Summ&y o# Cse Study Resu"ts >)0>
>)+( Rese&!h Iuestio$- Fht !$ be do$e by ,y o# too"s *&o'ided $d >)0(
im*&o'ed im*"eme$ttio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$
!o$t&o" to i$!&ese *"$ &e"ibi"ity s mesu&ed by Pe&!e$t P"$
Com*"eteG
>)+6 Rese&!h Iuestio$- Ho,JC$ Lst P"$$e& be su!!ess#u""y **"ied to >)06
i$!&ese *"$ &e"ibi"ity du&i$% desi%$ *&o!essesG
>)+D Di&e!tio$s #o& Futu&e Rese&!h >)0D
>)+7 Co$!"usio$s >)0A
G"oss&y o# Te&ms G0>
List o# Re#e&e$!es R0>
Bib"io%&*hy Bib"io0>
A**e$di/ A- Ne/t St%e 2i!1o## Meeti$% A0>
A**e$di/ B- Ne/t St%eTe"e!o$#e&e$!es B0>
A**e$di/ C- Ne/t St%e A!tio$ Items Lo% C0>
A**e$di/ D- Ne/t St%e Issues Lo% D0>
A**e$di/ E- Ne/t St%e De!isio$s Lo% E0>
LIST OF FIGURES
P%e
6+> The #o&mtio$ o# ssi%$me$ts i$ the Lst P"$$e& System 60(
6+( Loo1hed P&o!ess 60H
6+6 M1e Redy by S!&ee$i$% $d Pu""i$% 60>>
6+D A T&ditio$" 5Push9 P"$$i$% System 60>6
6+7 Lst P"$$e&0A Pu"" System 60>D
6+H The Lst P"$$e& System 60>H
6+? PPC 5No1i P&o8e!t9 60(6
6+E P&ti!i*$t Su&'ey 5No1i P&o8e!t9 60(6
7+> CCSR0Fee1"y PPC 707
7+( CCSR0Reso$s #o& No$!om*"etio$ 70H
7+6 CCSR0PPC ,ithout &i$ 70H
H+> Ne/t St%e0PPC H0D
?+> P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%0PPC ?0(
?+( P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%0Reso$s ?0?
E+> O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$%0PPC E06
E+( O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$%0Reso$s #o& No$!om*"etio$s E0D
A+> 3e$e!0PPC A0(
A+( 3e$e!0Reso$s A0(
>)+> A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode" >)0D
>)+( Reso$s A$"ysis Hie&&!hy0Di&e!ti'es >)0H
>)+6 Reso$s A$"ysis Hie&&!hy0P&e&e=uisites >)0?
>)+D Reso$s A$"ysis Hie&&!hy0Resou&!es >)0E
>)+7 Reso$s A$"ysis Hie&&!hy0P&o!ess >)0A
LIST OF TABLES
P%e
>+> Co$'e&sio$JF"o,JK"ue >0>
6+> Fu$!tio$s o# the Loo1hed P&o!ess 60?
6+( Co$st&u!tio$ Loo1hed S!hedu"e 60A
6+6 E$%i$ee&i$% Loo1hed S!hedu"e 60>)
6+D Co$st&i$ts A$"ysis 60>(
7+> CCSR0Fee1"y P"$$i$% Cy!"e 706
7+( CCSR0Co$st&i$ts A$"ysis Fo&m 70D
7+6 CCSR0PPC $d Reso$s Dt 707
7+D CCSR0Reso$s #o& No$!om*"etio$ 5deti"ed $d !te%o&i:ed9 70?
H+> Ne/t St%e0Reso$s #o& No$!om*"etio$ H0(
H+( Ne/t St%e0PPC Dt H06
H+6 Ne/t St%e0Reso$s H07
?+> P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%0PPC Dt $d Reso$s ?06
E+> O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$%0PPC Dt E06
A+> 3e$e!0Co$st&i$t A$"ysis Fo&m A07
Ballard 1-1 Last Planner
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Concept!" F#!$e%o#&
P&odu!tio$ *&o!esses !$ be !o$!ei'ed i$ t "est th&ee di##e&e$t ,ys- >9 s *&o!ess o#
!o$'e&ti$% i$*uts to out*uts. (9 s #"o, o# mte&i"s $d i$#o&mtio$ th&ou%h time $d
s*!e. $d 69 s *&o!ess #o& %e$e&ti$% '"ue #o& !ustome&s+ A"" th&ee !o$!e*tio$s &e
**&o*&ite $d $e!ess&y+ Ho,e'e&. the !o$'e&sio$ mode" hs bee$ domi$$t i$ the
AEC 5&!hite!tu&"Je$%i$ee&i$%J!o$st&u!tio$9 i$dust&y u$ti" 'e&y &e!e$t"y 52os1e" $d
Huo'i". >AA?9+
#able $%$
Con'e#()on *)e%
F"o% *)e% *!"e Gene#!t)on
N!t#e o+
Con(t#ct)on
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con'e#t )npt(
to otpt(.
t,e +"o%( o+ )n+o#$!t)on
- #e(o#ce(. %,)c,
#e"e!(e %o#&: co$po(e/
o+ con'e#()on.
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p#oce(( %,)c,
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cont#!ct)n0 o#
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#e/ct)on o+
nce#t!)nt5. (,)e"/)n0.
4!"!nc)n0. /ecop")n0.
P"!nn)n0 conce#ne/
%)t, t)$)n0. 1!")t5 !n/
#e"e!(e o+ %o#&.
De'e"op$ent !n/ te(t)n0
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/ete#$)ne #e1)#e$ent(.
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2
T!&)n0 c!#e t,!t
c(to$e#
#e1)#e$ent( !#e
$et )n t,e 4e(t
po(()4"e $!nne#.
The desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ o# AEC #!i"ities 5bui"di$%s. *&o!ess *"$ts. i&*o&t
te&mi$"s. hi%h,ys. et!+9 *oses di##i!u"t m$%eme$t *&ob"ems to ,hi!h the mode"s $d
te!h$i=ues bsed o$ the !o$'e&sio$ 'ie, h'e *&o'e$ i$de=ute+ T&deo##s bet,ee$
!om*eti$% desi%$ !&ite&i must be mde th&ou%hout the desi%$ *&o!ess. o#te$ ,ith
i$!om*"ete i$#o&mtio$ $d u$de& i$te$se bud%et $d s!hedu"e *&essu&e+ I$!&esi$%"y.
*&o8e!ts &e sub8e!t to u$!e&ti$ty be!use o# the *!e o# te!h$o"o%i!" !h$%e $d the
&*id shi#ti$% o# m&1et o**o&tu$ities $d !om*etito& !tio$s+
P&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues bsed o$ the !o$'e&sio$ mode" h'e
$ot *&o'e$ !*b"e o# so"'i$% these di##i!u"t *&ob"ems+ The he&t o# the !o$'e&sio$ mode"
is the ssum*tio$ tht the ,o&1 to be do$e !$ be di'ided i$to *&ts $d m$%ed s i#
those *&ts ,e&e i$de*e$de$t o$e #&om $othe&+ M$%eme$t te!h$i=ues su!h s ,o&1
b&e1do,$ st&u!tu&es $d e&$ed '"ue $"ysis be"o$% to this !o$'e&sio$ mode"+ Fo&1
b&e1do,$ st&u!tu&es &e d&i'e$ by s!o*i$% $d bud%et !o$!e&$s $d h'e the ob8e!ti'es
o# i$su&i$% tht "" the ,o&1 s!o*e is i$!"uded i$ o$e o# the *&ts. i$su&i$% tht $o ,o&1
s!o*es o'e&"*. $d ""o!ti$% !osts to e!h *&t su!h tht the &o""u* yie"ds the tot" #o&
the *&o8e!t+ This di'isio$ i$to *&ts is $e!ess&y i$ o&de& to ""o!te &es*o$sibi"ity to
i$te&$" o& e/te&$" ,o&1 !e$te&s. ,hi!h !$ subse=ue$t"y be !o$t&o""ed %i$st s!o*e.
bud%et. $d s!hedu"e !ommitme$ts+
This is #u$dme$t""y !o$t&!ti$% me$t"ity. ,hi!h #!i"ittes the m$%eme$t o#
!o$t&!ts &the& th$ the m$%eme$t o# *&odu!tio$ o& ,o&1 #"o,+ P&odu!tio$
m$%eme$t is the L"o!"M &es*o$sibi"ity o# those to ,hom the '&ious *&ts &e ssi%$ed
o& !o$t&!ted+ I# e'e&yo$e meets thei& !o$t&!tu" ob"i%tio$s. the *&o8e!t *e&#o&ms
su!!ess#u""y+ U$#o&tu$te"y. this **&o!h is the o**osite o# &obust+ Fhe$ somethi$%
%oes ,&o$%. s it 'e&y o#te$ does. the e$ti&e st&u!tu&e is *&o$e to !o""*se+
I# m$%eme$t *hi"oso*hy $d too"s &e $eeded tht #u""y i$te%&te the !o$'e&sio$.
#"o,. $d '"ue mode"s. ,e mi%ht !o$side& the *&odu!t de'e"o*me$t *&o!esses em*"oyed
by #i&ms desi%$i$% $d m$u#!tu&i$% !o$sume& *&odu!ts 5utomobi"es. *&i$te&s.
toste&s. et!+9+ Su!h *&o!esses h'e de'e"o*ed *ote$ti""y use#u" !o$!e*ts es*e!i""y i$
the &e o# '"ue< ide$ti#i!tio$ o# !ustome& $eeds $d t&$s"tio$ i$to e$%i$ee&i$%
s*e!i#i!tio$s 5U"&i!h $d E**i$%e& >AA69+ P&odu!t de'e"o*me$t *&o!esses "so &e
st&u%%"i$% ,ith othe& issues &e"e'$t to the desi%$ o# AEC #!i"ities. i$!"udi$% desi%$
de!om*ositio$. o&%$i:tio$" me$s #o& i$te%&tio$. et!+ 5Hyes. et ". >AEE< E**i$%e&.
et ". >AA)< Geb" $d E**i$%e&. >AA>9+
As !o$t&ibutio$ to the i$te%&tio$ o# "" th&ee mode"s. this thesis **"ies the #"o,
mode" to m$%i$% the desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ o# AEC #!i"ities+ Co$!e*tu"i:i$% the
desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!ess s #"o, o# i$#o&mtio$ $d mte&i"s "e$ds itse"# to
&edu!i$% ,ste by mi$imi:i$% time i$#o&mtio$ o& mte&i"s s*e$d ,iti$% to be used.
time s*e$t i$s*e!ti$% i$#o&mtio$ o& mte&i"s #o& !o$#o&m$!e to &e=ui&eme$ts. time
s*e$t &e,o&1i$% i$#o&mtio$ o& mte&i"s to !hie'e !o$#o&m$!e. $d time s*e$t mo'i$%
i$#o&mtio$ o& mte&i"s #&om o$e s*e!i"ist to the $e/t+ Fu&the&. !o$!e*tu"i:i$% the
desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!ess s #"o, o# i$#o&mtio$ $d mte&i"s ""o,s
!oo&di$tio$ o# i$te&de*e$de$t #"o,s $d the i$te%&tio$ o# desi%$ ,ith su**"y $d site
!o$st&u!tio$+
1.: A(($pt)on(
Fu$dme$t" ssum*tio$s u$de&"yi$% this &ese&!h i$!"ude the #o""o,i$%-
Cu&&e$t !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t thi$1i$% $d *&!ti!e is
domi$ted by the !o$'e&sio$ mode". !o$se=ue$t"y '"ue %e$e&tio$ $d #"o,
m$%eme$t !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues &e u$de&de'e"o*ed+
To be !o$siste$t ,ith "" th&ee mode"s. !o$'e&sio$. #"o,. $d '"ue. *&odu!tio$
m$%eme$t shou"d be !o$!ei'ed s h'i$% the *u&*ose o# !&eti$% !ustome& '"ue
,hi"e mi$imi:i$% ,ste i$ time $d !ost+ BCustome& '"ueC is u$de&stood to i$!"ude
$ot o$"y the #it$ess #o& use o# the #!i"ity !o$side&ed ,ith &e%&d to #u$!tio$"ity. but
"so ,ith &e%&d to "" othe& !&ite&i to ,hi!h the !ustome& tt!hes '"ue. e+%+.
*&o8e!t de"i'e&y ,ithi$ time $d #o& !ost tht meets the !ustome&Ms m&1et $d
#i$$!i" $eeds+
NP&odu!tio$N is u$de&stood to i$!"ude both desi%$i$% $d m1i$%+ The histo&i!"
de'e"o*me$t o# *&odu!tio$ theo&y i$ m$u#!tu&i$% hs e&&o$eous"y su%%ested tht
*&odu!tio$ is e$ti&e"y !o$!e&$ed ,ith ;m1i$%;+
6
P&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t is !o$!ei'ed to !o$sist o# !&ite&i dete&mi$tio$ $d ,o&1
st&u!tu&i$% i$ the L*"$$i$%M *hse. $d to !o$sist o# ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" $d
*&odu!tio$ u$it !o$t&o" i$ the Le/e!utio$M o& L!o$t&o"M *hse+
This thesis t&ets o$"y !o$t&o" #u$!tio$s. $ot *"$$i$% #u$!tio$s+ It does $ot t&et the 'e&y
#i&st $d #u$dme$t" *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t !ti'ity< i+e+. the dete&mi$tio$ o#
!ustome& $eeds $d thei& t&$s"tio$ i$to desi%$ !&ite&i+ C&ite&i dete&mi$tio$ be"o$%s
to the '"ue %e$e&tio$ 'ie,+ This thesis t&ets o$"y the #"o, 'ie,+ Simi"&"y. ,o&1
st&u!tu&i$% !ti'ities su!h s ide$ti#i!tio$. se=ue$!i$%. $d s!hedu"i$% ts1s &e "so $ot
6
The&e my be di##e&e$!es bet,ee$ the U+S+ $d U+2+ i$ the use o# these te&ms+ He$!e
the e##o&t to be *&e!ise+ Fo& the most *&t. the theo&y o# *&odu!i$% &ti#!ts hs eme&%ed
#&om e##o&ts to bette& m$%e #!to&ies+ Mo&e &e!e$t"y. i$ some i$st$!es. the te&m
Nm$u#!tu&i$%N hs !=ui&ed %&ete& s!o*e th$ me&e"y #!to&y *&odu!tio$+
t&eted he&e+ The s!o*e o# this thesis is the !o$t&o" #u$!tio$s o# *&odu!tio$ u$it !o$t&o"
$d ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o"+
1.; Cont#)4t)on to Kno%"e/0e
This disse&ttio$ *&o*oses to m1e the #o""o,i$% !o$t&ibutio$s to 1$o,"ed%e-
Ad*ted #&om m$u#!tu&i$%
D
. system #o& *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". the Lst P"$$e&
system. is *&ese$ted tht e/em*"i#ies the !o$!e*t o# !o$t&o" s !usi$% e'e$ts to
!o$#o&m to *"$. s disti$!t #&om the t&ditio$" !o$!e*tio$ o# *&o8e!t !o$t&o" i$
te&ms o# #te&0the0#!t '&i$!e dete!tio$+
A**&o*&ite **"i!tio$ o# the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system is sho,$ to im*&o'e ,o&1
#"o, &e"ibi"ity. ,hi!h *&omises subst$ti" be$e#its i$ *&o8e!t !ost $d du&tio$
&edu!tio$+
Im*&o'eme$ts to the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" &e de'e"o*ed $d
tested i$ se&ies o# !se studies. &esu"ti$% i$ $e, !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues+
P&o8e!t !o$t&o"s i$ the AEC i$dust&y h'e #o!used o$ dete!ti$% '&i$!es #&om *&o8e!t
ob8e!ti'es #o& !ost $d s!hedu"e. $d h'e $ot di&e!t"y de"t ,ith the m$%eme$t o#
*&odu!tio$+ The Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" hs *&o'e$ $ e##e!ti'e too"
#o& im*&o'i$% the *&odu!ti'ity o# the *&odu!tio$ u$its tht im*"eme$t its *&o!edu&es $d
te!h$i=ues 5B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?9+ This disse&ttio$ shi#ts the #o!us #&om the
*&odu!ti'ity o# the immedite *&odu!tio$ u$it to the &e"ibi"ity o# ,o&1 #"o, bet,ee$
*&odu!tio$ u$its. $d "so e/te$ds **"i!tio$ o# the system to desi%$+
1.< T,e At,o#=( Ro"e )n t,e Re(e!#c,
D
I+e+. #&om the mode"s $d theo&ies de'e"o*ed i$ i$dust&i" e$%i$ee&i$%
The Lst P"$$e& system hs bee$ i$ de'e"o*me$t by the utho& si$!e >AA(+ Se'e&"
**e&s h'e *&e'ious"y bee$ *ub"ished by this utho& o$ the sub8e!t. the #i&st o# them i$
>AA6 5B""&d. >AA69 t the #ou$di$% !o$#e&e$!e o# the I$te&$tio$" G&ou* #o& Le$
Co$st&u!tio$+ Lst P"$$e& &ese&!h be%$ ,ith #o!us o$ im*&o'i$% the =u"ity o#
ssi%$me$ts i$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s 52o!h Re#i$e&y Mid0P"$ts P&o8e!t. >AA60D
7
9. dded
"oo1hed *&o!ess to sh*e $d !o$t&o" ,o&1 #"o, 5PARC. >AA7
H
< DMOS0H. >AAH
?
9.
$d e'e$tu""y ,s e/te$ded #&om !o$st&u!tio$ to desi%$ 5No1i
E
$d He,"ett0P!1&d
A
.
>AAH9+ Du&i$% tht de'e"o*me$t. the ob8e!ti'e shi#ted #&om im*&o'i$% *&odu!ti'ity to
im*&o'i$% the &e"ibi"ity o# ,o&1 #"o,+ This &esu"ted #&om !h$%e i$ !o$!e*tu"
#&me,o&1+ The i$iti" #&me,o&1 !me #&om the =u"ity m$%eme$t $d *&odu!ti'ity
im*&o'eme$t i$ititi'es tht domi$ted !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y *e&#o&m$!e im*&o'eme$t
e##o&ts i$ the >AE)s+ The shi#t to ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity &e#"e!ted the utho&;s i$!&esi$%
,&e$ess o# the &e'o"utio$ i$ m$u#!tu&i$% i$s*i&ed by the Toyot P&odu!tio$ System
$d e'e$tu""y "be"ed N"e$ *&odu!tio$N. $d "so !o$t!t ,ith the thi$1i$% o# Lu&i
2os1e" &e%&di$% *&odu!tio$ theo&y $d its **"i!tio$ to the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y+
A 1ey met&i! o# the Lst P"$$e& system is the *e&!e$t%e o# ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted
5PPC9. ,hi!h is !"e&"y de#e!t &te $d *&odu!t o# the =u"ity m$%eme$t me$t"ity+
Gi'e$ the ob8e!ti'e o# im*&o'i$% *&odu!ti'ity. mesu&eme$ts ,e&e mde o# the
&e"tio$shi* bet,ee$ the de#e!t &te o# !&e,. its PPC. $d the *&odu!ti'ity o# tht !&e,+
Not su&*&isi$%"y. su!h mesu&eme$ts &e'e"ed *ositi'e !o&&e"tio$
>)
+ Ho,e'e&. the
7
B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?
H
B""&d. Ho,e"". $d Cste$ 5>AAH9
?
B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?
E
2os1e". B""&d. $d T$hu$* 5>AA?9
A
Mi"es 5>AAE9
>)
Fo& e/m*"es. see the &e#e&e$!es #oot$oted *&e'ious"y+
!ti'ity #o!us !h&!te&isti! o# the *&odu!ti'ity im*&o'eme$t ;mi$d; !o$!e"ed the
im*o&t$!e o# tht !&e,;s PPC #o& the *&odu!ti'ity o# the !&e,s tht #o""o,ed it $d bui"t
u*o$ its ,o&1 *&odu!t+ E'e$ the i$t&odu!tio$ o# "oo1hed *&o!ess ,s moti'ted
i$iti""y by the obse&'tio$ tht sim*"y shie"di$% !&e, #&om *oo& ssi%$me$ts ,s
i$su##i!ie$t to o*timi:e !&e, *&odu!ti'ity+ To do so &e=ui&ed mt!hi$% "od $d !*!ity.
both o# ,hi!h &e=ui&ed m$%i$% "od o& ,o&1 #"o,+ The mo&e *o,e&#u" $d
#u$dme$t" o**o&tu$ity to !oo&di$te !tio$ mo$% mu"ti*"e !&e,s ,s hidde$ by the
domi$$!e o# ,ht 2os1e" hs !""ed the N!o$'e&sio$ mode"N $d its e/!"usi'e #o!us o$
the !ti'ity s the u$it o# !o$t&o" &the& th$ ,o&1 #"o,+
P&io& to the #ou$di$% o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute 5LCI9 i$ Au%ust o# >AA?
>>
.
the Lst P"$$e& system hd e'o"'ed to &ou%h"y its !u&&e$t #o&m. ,ith !"e& !o$!e*tu"
bsis i$ *&odu!tio$ theo&y " 2os1e" $d $ e/*"i!it $d se"#0!o$s!ious ob8e!ti'e o#
m$%i$% ,o&1 #"o,+ Fht &emi$ed to be do$e ,s to "e&$ ho, to im*&o'e ,o&1 #"o,
&e"ibi"ity bo'e the 67@0H7@ &$%e !ommo$"y dis!o'e&ed u* to tht time+ O$e *u&*ose
o# this disse&ttio$ is to des!&ibe ,ht ,s do$e to im*&o'e ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity.
mesu&ed by PPC. $d the &esu"ts !hie'ed+ Tht im*&o'i$% ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity is
be$e#i!i" h&d"y &e=ui&es &%ume$t+ Ho,e'e&. ide$ti#yi$% $d =u$ti#yi$% the s*e!i#i!
be$e#its ,i"" be mtte& #o& #utu&e &ese&!h+ The se!o$d *u&*ose o# this &ese&!h is to
e/*"o&e **"i!bi"ity o# the Lst P"$$e& system to desi%$+
>>
The Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute ,s #ou$ded i$ Au%ust o# >AA? s *&t$e&shi*
bet,ee$ G&e%o&y A+ Ho,e"" $d G"e$$ B""&d. dedi!ted to &ese&!h. t&i$i$% $d
!o$su"ti$% i$ !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t+ Subse=ue$t"y. I&is
Tomme"ei$ $d Todd 3be""e h'e be!ome *&t$e&s i$ the e$te&*&ise. "o$% ,ith M&1
Rey$o"ds. M$%i$% Di&e!to& o# Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$te&$tio$". bsed i$ Lo$do$+ A""
the !se studies &e*o&ted i$ this thesis ,e&e u$de&t1e$ s &ese&!h *&o8e!ts #o& LCI. o#
,hi!h this utho& is Rese&!h Di&e!to&+ A"" !se studies ,e&e !&&ied out u$de& the
1.< St#ct#e o+ t,e D)((e#t!t)on
T&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o" theo&y $d *&!ti!e is des!&ibed $d !&iti=ued i$ Ch*te&
T,o+ The Lst P"$$e& System o# P&odu!tio$ Co$t&o" is *&ese$ted i$ Ch*te& Th&ee s
stis#yi$% the &e=ui&eme$ts &e'e"ed by the !&iti=ue+ Ch*te& Fou& des!&ibes the &ese&!h
methodo"o%y used i$ the disse&ttio$ $d is #o""o,ed by Ch*te&s 7. H. ?. E. $d A. e!h
de'oted to !se study+ Co$!"usio$s #&om the !se studies &e &e*o&ted i$ Ch*te& >).
#o""o,ed by %"oss&y o# te&ms. "ist o# &e#e&e$!es. bib"io%&*hy. $d $ **e$di/
!o$sisti$% o# do!ume$ts #&om the desi%$ !se. Ne/t St%e+
di&e!tio$ o# this utho&. ,ho "so ,s the *&im&y *&ti!i*$t i$ *&o8e!t e'e$ts $d the
*&im&y !o""e!to& o# !se study dt+
CHAPTER TWO: CRITI>UE OF PRODUCTION
CONTROL
:.1 W,!t )( P#o/ct)on Cont#o"?
The *u&*ose o# this !h*te& is to *&o'ide !&iti=ue o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" theo&y $d
*&!ti!e+ But #i&st it is $e!ess&y to !"&i#y ,ht is me$t by B*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"C+
:.1.1 T,e Me!n)n0 o+ @P#o/ct)onA
P&odu!tio$ hs bee$ $ e/*"i!it to*i! o# study *&im&i"y i$ i$dust&i" e$%i$ee&i$%. ,hi!h
hs de"t "most e$ti&e"y ,ith o$e ty*e o# *&odu!tio$< $me"y. m$u#!tu&i$% 5i$ the
se$se o# ;m1i$%;9. ,ith o$"y o!!sio$" #o&ys i$to !o$st&u!tio$. *"$t mi$te$$!e.
bui"di$% mi$te$$!e. %&i!u"tu&e. #o&est&y. mi$i$%. #ishi$%. et!+ Desi%$ $d e$%i$ee&i$%
h'e i$#&e=ue$t"y bee$ !o$!ei'ed s *&odu!tio$ *&o!esses< the #o!us "most e$ti&e"y
bei$% *"!ed o$ m1i$% thi$%s &the& th$ desi%$i$% them+
A"thou%h the me$i$% o# the te&m t its most u$i'e&s" is sy$o$ymous ,ith
Bm1i$%C. Bm$u#!tu&i$%C is most !ommo$"y
>(
used to de$ote the m1i$% o# m$y
!o*ies #&om si$%"e desi%$. $d !o$se=ue$t"y is *&im&i"y #o!used o$ *&odu!ts #o&
mss m&1et. most o# those *&odu!ts bei$% mo'eb"e #&om the *"!e m$u#!tu&ed to the
*"!e o# use+ The&e &e e/!e*tio$s to the *&odu!ts bei$% mo'eb"e. "thou%h sti"" !o*ies
#&om si$%"e desi%$< e+%+. shi*s $d i&*"$es+ Fithi$ the ,o&"d o# !o$st&u!tio$.
m$u#!tu&i$% i$ this se$se is **&o!hed most"y !"ose"y by ;m$u#!tu&ed housi$%;+
>(
E/!e*tio$s o!!u& ,ith thi$1e&s $d ,&iti$%s &e%&di$% *&odu!t de'e"o*me$t. ,hi!h by
its $tu&e must i$te%&te desi%$i$% $d m1i$%. t "est i$ the se$se o# m1i$%
*&ototy*es+
K&ious ty*es o# m1i$% h'e bee$ *&o*osed. mo$% them Lssemb"yM. the 8oi$i$% o#
*&ts i$to ,ho"e. s disti$!t #&om L#b&i!ti$%M. the sh*i$% o# mte&i"s+ Fo& e/m*"e.
!o$st&u!tio$ is o#te$ !te%o&i:ed s ty*e o# L#i/ed *ositio$ m$u#!tu&i$%M
5S!hme$$e&.
>AA69. "o$% ,ith shi*bui"di$% $d i&*"$e ssemb"y+ I$ "" these i$st$!es o# ssemb"y.
the ssemb"ed *&odu!t e'e$tu""y be!omes too "&%e to be mo'ed th&ou%h ssemb"y
sttio$s. so the sttio$s 5,o&1 !&e,s9 must be mo'ed th&ou%h them. ddi$% dditio$"
!om*o$e$ts $d subssemb"ies u$ti" the &ti#!t 5bui"di$%. b&id%e. tu$$e". *"$t. house.
hi%h,y. et!9 is !om*"eted+
M$y *ub"i!tio$s e/ist o$ the to*i! o# *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t i$ m$u#!tu&i$%.
the "&%e& *&t o# ,hi!h do*t the *e&s*e!ti'e o# the i$dust&i" o& *&odu!tio$ e$%i$ee&
5Be&t&$d et ". >AA)< Ho** $d S*e&m$. >AAH< Mu&&i"". >AA>< Ko""m$ et ". >AA(9+ A
subset o# this !te%o&y !o$!e&$ themse"'es ,ith the *sy!ho"o%i!"Jso!io"o%i!" s*e!ts o#
m$u#!tu&i$% m$%eme$t 5S!he&e&. >AAE9+ The de'e"o*me$t o# "te&$ti'es to mss
*&odu!tio$ o'e& the "st D) ye&s hs bee$ &e'o"utio$&y+ E&"y $d i$#"ue$ti" *&odu!tio$
m$%eme$t theo&ists i$!"ude 4!1 Bu&bid%e 5>AE6< >AEE9 $d F+ Ed,&ds Demi$%
5>AEH9. to me$tio$ but #e, #&om the Fest+ Tii!hi Oh$o 5>AEE9 $d Shi%eo Shi$%o
5>AEE9 ,e&e the *&im&y &!hite!ts o# the Toyot P&odu!tio$ System. the &!hety*e #o&
"e$ *&odu!tio$. so $med i$ *&t to !ou$te&*ose it to NmssN *&odu!tio$+ Bu&bid%e;s
%&ou$db&e1i$% thou%ht be%$ to eme&%e i$ the >AH)s+ Demi$% ,s i$st&ume$t" i$ the
im*"eme$ttio$ o# =u"ity m$%eme$t $d sttisti!" =u"ity !o$t&o" !o$!e*ts $d
te!h$i=ues i$ 4*$ #te& the (
$d
Fo&"d F&+ The ,o&1 o# Oh$o $d Shi$%o ,s
!o$!e$t&ted i$ the *e&iod o# the "te 7);s i$to the ?);s+ #he (achine #hat Chan"ed the
World 5Fom!1 et "+. >AA)9 &e*o&ted the #i$di$%s o# $ i$te&$tio$" study o# the
utomoti'e i$dust&y $d ,s #o""o,ed by Lean #hin)in" 5Fom!1 $d 4o$es. >AAH9
,hi!h *&ese$ted the *&i$!i*"es $d bsi! !o$!e*ts behi$d the $e, #o&ms o#
m$u#!tu&i$% $d *&o*osed to e/te$d them to the e$ti&e e$te&*&ise+ Fom!1 $d 4o$es
h'e *o*u"&i:ed $d mde mo&e esi"y !!essib"e the !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues o# "e$
*&odu!tio$+
De#i$i$% *&odu!tio$ s the desi%$i$% $ d m1i$% o# &ti#!ts ""o,s us to u$de&st$d
ho, !o$st&u!tio$ is ty*e o# *&odu!tio$ $d "so tht desi%$ is $ esse$ti" !om*o$e$t
i$ *&odu!tio$ %e$e&""y $d i$ !o$st&u!tio$ s*e!i#i!""y+ Lu&i 2os1e" 52os1e"
>AA(.
>AAA< 2os1e" $d Huo'i" >AA?< 2os1e" et "+ >AAH. >AA?9 is the #o&emost *&odu!tio$
theo&ist i$ !o$st&u!tio$+ His study o# the **"i!bi"ity o# $e,"y eme&%e$t m$u#!tu&i$%
!o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues to the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y hs d&i'e$ him b!1 to the
de'e"o*me$t o# theo&y o# *&odu!tio$ s su!h 52os1e". >AAA9+
:.1.: THE MEANING OF @CONTROLA
The te&m B!o$t&o"C hs ,ide &$%e o# me$i$%s+ A!!o&di$% to the Co$!ise O/#o&d
Di!tio$&y. its me$i$%s i$!"ude to domi$te. !omm$d< to !he!1. 'e&i#y< to &e%u"te+ It
hs "o$% bee$ sso!ited ,ith !!ou$ti$%+ The O"d F&e$!h contreroller- to 1ee* &o"" o#
!!ou$ts+
A!!ou$ti$% is the esse$!e o# *&o8e!t !o$t&o" theo&y. mo&e #u""y des!&ibed i$ se!tio$
(+(+( be"o, 5Die1m$$ $d Th&ush. >AEH< P&o8e!t M$%eme$t Body o# 2$o,"ed%e
5PMBO29. >AAH< Ri%%s. >AEH9+ The esse$ti" !ti'ity is mo$ito&i$% !tu" !osts o&
s!hedu"e *e&#o&m$!e %i$st t&%et i$ o&de& to ide$ti#y $e%ti'e '&i$!es+ Co&&e!ti'e
!tio$ is ob'ious"y $e!ess&y i$ o&de& to !o&&e!t su!h $e%ti'e '&i$!es. but the
"ite&tu&e h&d"y dd&esses !o&&e!ti'e !tio$+
I$dust&i" *&o!ess !o$t&o" i$t&odu!es #eedb!1 $d #eed#o&,&d me!h$isms #o&
&e%u"ti$% *&o!ess 5Mu&&i"". >AA69+ Feedb!1 is i$itited by !om*&iso$ o# !tu" ,ith
t&%et out*uts+ Feed#o&,&d is i$itited by !om*&iso$ o# !tu" ,ith t&%et i$*uts+
The &ti#i!i" i$te""i%e$!e !ommu$ity !o$t&ibutes the b"!1bo&d system o# !o$t&o". i$
,hi!h !oo&di$tio$ o# $umbe& o# i$te&de*e$de$t s*e!i"ists is m$%ed by &u"es #o&
t1i$% tu&$s ;,&iti$% o$ b"!1bo&d;< i+e+. #o& !o$t&ibuti$% to thei& !o""bo&ti'e ,o&1
5Hyes0Roth. >AE79+ AI dhe&e$ts h'e bee$ i$ the #o&e#&o$t o# em*i&i!" study o#
desi%$. $d des*ite thei& te!h$o"o%i!" o&ie$ttio$. h'e #ou$d so!i" $d o&%$i:tio$"
issues to be o# %&et im*o&t$!e+ Fi$%e& et " 5>AA79 !o$!"ude- BThe so!i" *&o!ess *"ys
m8o& &o"e i$ the &ti!u"tio$ $d &e"i:tio$ o# the *&odu!t desi%$. *&ti!u"&"y i$ "&%e
*&o8e!ts+C 5*+EA9+ Bu!!i&e""i 5>AED9 &e*o&ts tht desi%$e&s s*e$d E70A)@ o# thei& time
t"1i$%. ,&iti$%. $e%otiti$%. meeti$%. se&!hi$%. et!+ s o**osed to d&,i$% $d
!"!u"ti$%+
P&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" theo&ists ,o&1i$% i$ m$u#!tu&i$% disti$%uish t,o *&im&y ,ys
o# &e%u"ti$% ,o&1 #"o, i$ m$u#!tu&i$% systems- *ush $d *u""+ Push systems &e"ese
mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ i$to system bsed o$ *&essi%$ed due dtes 5#&om mste&
*&odu!tio$ s!hedu"e. #o& e/m*"e9 #o& the *&odu!ts o# ,hi!h they &e *&ts+ Pu"" systems
&e"ese mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ i$to system bsed o$ the stte o# the system 5the
mou$t o# ,o&1 i$ *&o!ess. the =u"ity o# 'i"b"e ssi%$me$ts. et!9 i$ dditio$ to due
dtes 5Ho** $d S*e&m$. >AAH9+ I$ #!to&y systems. *u"" my be de&i'ti'e u"timte"y
#&om !ustome& o&de&s+ I$ !o$st&u!tio$. *u"" is u"timte"y de&i'ti'e #&om t&%et
!om*"etio$ dtes. but s*e!i#i!""y **"ies to the i$te&$" !ustome& o# e!h *&o!ess+
A**"i!bi"ity o# these !o$!e*ts to *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" hs bee$ e/*"o&ed by this utho&
5B""&d. >AAA9+
Some theo&ists 52e""y. >AAD9 *&o*ose tht !om*"e/. dy$mi! systems &e &e%u"ted
$ot by $ythi$% &esemb"i$% !e$t&" mi$d. but th&ou%h the i$de*e$de$t !tio$ o#
dist&ibuted de!isio$ m1e&s+ The #o""o,i$% e/!e&*t #&om E&i! S!he&e&Ms i$t&odu!tio$ to
*hop &loor Control+, *ystems Perspective i$di!tes the eme&%e$!e o# $e, !o$!e*tu"
#&me,o&1.
-#o master the challen"es of the future. there must be a chan"e in
our thin)in" paradi"m% (anufacturin" is not deterministic/ 0the
problem of systems desi"n for shop floor control is no lon"er the
problem of 1optimi2ation3% #he reductionistic paradi"m 0 needs to
be replaced by a holistic paradi"m of a"ile activity. dynamic
behavior. and evolutionary development%4
:.: P#o6ect M!n!0e$ent
:.:.1 THE PROBECT MANAGEMENT BODC OF KNOWLEDGE
The !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y is o&%$i:ed i$ *&o8e!ts $d !u&&e$t *&odu!tio$ theo&y $d
*&!ti!e &e he'i"y i$#"ue$!ed by the !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues o# *&o8e!t m$%eme$t+
A!!o&di$% to PMIMs , 5uide to the Pro6ect (ana"ement 7ody of 8nowled"e. B *&o8e!t
is tem*o&&y e$de'o& u$de&t1e$ to *&odu!e u$i=ue *&odu!t o& se&'i!e+C The
m1i$% 5i+e+. m$u#!tu&i$%9 o# mu"ti*"e !o*ies o# *&odu!t does $ot o!!u& th&ou%h
*&o8e!ts so u$de&stood+ This #o!us o$ *&odu!t u$i=ue$ess $d the *&o8e!t #o&m o#
o&%$i:tio$ hs domi$ted thi$1i$% bout *&odu!tio$ o# the bui"t e$'i&o$me$t so #& s
to dis!ou&%e "e&$i$% #&om $o$0*&o8e!t i$dust&ies su!h s *&odu!t m$u#!tu&i$%
52os1e". >AA(9+
A%i$ !!o&di$% to PMI 5>AAH9. *&o8e!t m$%eme$t i$!"udes the m$%eme$t o#
i$te%&tio$. s!o*e. time. !ost. =u"ity. hum$ &esou&!es. !ommu$i!tio$s. &is1. $d
*&o!u&eme$t+ A$y o& "" o# these !ou"d !o$!ei'b"y !o$!e&$ the !tu" *&odu!tio$
*&o!ess itse"#. but *e&h*s most o# "" time $d !ost+
Time m$%eme$t is sid to !o$sist o# !ti'ity de#i$itio$. !ti'ity se=ue$!i$%. !ti'ity
du&tio$ estimti$%. s!hedu"e de'e"o*me$t. $d s!hedu"e !o$t&o"+ The #o!us is e$ti&e"y o$
de"i'e&i$% *&o8e!t ob8e!ti'es< i$ 2os1e"Ms te&ms. o$ the t&$s#o&mtio$ o& !o$'e&sio$
*&o!esses 5!ti'ities9 $d $ot o$ #"o, o& '"ue %e$e&tio$ *&o!esses+ A!ti'ities &e to be
de#i$ed so s to #!i"itte di'isio$ o# "bo& $d subse=ue$t t&!1i$% 5!!ou$ti$%9 o#
!o$#o&m$!e to &e=ui&eme$ts+ The&e is $o me$tio$ o# st&u!tu&i$% ,o&1 #o& #"o, o& o#
de#i$i$% !ti'ities so tht they #!i"itte the !tu" *e&#o&m$!e o# the ,o&1+ A!ti'ity
se=ue$!i$% ssumes tht h$do##s #&om o$e set o# s*e!i"ists to the $e/t o!!u& o$"y o$!e<
tht the&e is $o &e*etitio$ o& !y!"i$% to be m$%ed 5B!o$ditio$" di%&mmi$% methodsC
&e me$tio$ed0see *%e H60but $ot de'e"o*ed9+ S!hedu"e !o$t&o" is !o$!e&$ed ,ith
m$%i$% !h$%es to the s!hedu"e &the& th$ ,ith e/e!utio$ o# s!hedu"ed ,o&1<
,ith the e/!e*tio$ o# e/*editi$% s ty*e o# time m$%eme$t !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ 5see
*%e
?(9+ Cost m$%eme$t is t&eted 'e&y mu!h i$ the sme ,y s time m$%eme$t+ The
=uestio$ #o& *&o8e!t m$%eme$t thus &emi$s- LFho m$%es *&odu!tio$ $d ho,GM
PMI di##e&e$tites bet,ee$ *&o8e!t *&o!esses $d *&odu!t0o&ie$ted *&o!esses 5*%e
(?9. the #o&me& bei$% !h&!te&isti! o# "" ty*es o# *&o8e!ts $d the "tte& s*e!i#i! to the
'&ious ty*es o# *&odu!tio$ ,ith ,hi!h *&o8e!ts my be i$'o"'ed+ Fht is missi$% i$ this
disti$!tio$ is the !o$!e*t o# the *&o8e!t itse"# s tem*o&&y *&odu!tio$ system "i$1ed to
othe& tem*o&&y $d *e&m$e$t *&odu!tio$ systems #o& mte&i"s. e=ui*me$t. "bo&. et!+
P&o8e!ts s su!h h'e $o $e!ess&y !o$$e!tio$ ,ith *&odu!tio$+ Fo& e/m*"e. *&o8e!t
my be to so"'e *&ob"em o# %etti$% 'ote&s to &e%iste&+ I$ this b&od se$se o# the te&m.
L*&o8e!tM be!omes 'i&tu""y sy$o$ymous ,ith si$%"e i$st$titio$ o# the *&ob"em so"'i$%
*&o!ess. $d *&o8e!t m$%eme$t !o$sists o# the too"s $d te!h$i=ues #o& m$%i$%
*&ob"em so"'i$% *&o!esses i$ %&ou*s+ O$ *&o8e!ts tht do h'e *&odu!tio$ ob8e!ti'es.
*&odu!tio$ itse"# t1es *"!e "o$%side *&o8e!t m$%eme$t. but is $ot di&e!t"y the
busi$ess o# *&o8e!t m$%eme$t+ Co$se=ue$t"y. *&o8e!t !o$t&o" !o$sists o# mo$ito&i$%
*&o%&ess to,&d *&o8e!t ob8e!ti'es $d t1i$% !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ ,he$ the shi* **e&s to
be o## !ou&se+
This !o$!e*t o# *&o8e!t !o$t&o" is 'e&y di##e&e$t #&om *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". ,hi!h is
dedi!ted to !usi$% e'e$ts to !o$#o&m to *"$ $d to &e*"$$i$% ,he$ e'e$ts !$$ot be
!o$#o&med+ P&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" !o$!ei'es *&odu!tio$ s #"o, o# mte&i"s $d
i$#o&mtio$ mo$% !oo*e&ti$% s*e!i"ists. dedi!ted to the %e$e&tio$ o# '"ue #o&
!ustome& $d st1eho"de&s+
:.:.: CRITI>UE OF THE TRADITIONAL PROBECT CONTROL MODEL
P&o8e!t !o$t&o" hs bee$ hithe&to !o$!ei'ed $d !&&ied out !o$siste$t"y ,ith the
!o$'e&sio$ o& t&$s#o&mtio$ 'ie, o# *&o8e!ts 52os1e" $d Huo'i". >AA?9+ The
&e!ei'ed ,isdom &e%&di$% AEC *&o8e!t !o$t&o" systems is #ou$ded o$ ,ide"y sh&ed
!o$!e*tio$ o# thei& *u&*ose+ BThis 5*&o8e!t !o$t&o"9 system must *&o'ide the i$#o&mtio$
$eeded #o& the *&o8e!t tem $d *&o8e!t *&ti!i*$ts to ide$ti#y $d !o&&e!t *&ob"em &es
$d. u"timte"y. to 1ee* *&o8e!t !osts $d s!hedu"e Lu$de& !o$t&o"M+C 5Die1m$$ $d
Th&ush. >AEH9+ The ob8e!ti'e is to dete!t $e%ti'e '&i$!es #&om t&%et. so !o&&e!ti'e
!tio$ !$ be t1e$+ This is =uite di##e&e$t #&om the !ti'e !o$!e*t o# !o$t&o" domi$$t i$
m$u#!tu&i$% *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" systems. es*e!i""y those em*"oyi$% *u"" st&te%y. i$
,hi!h the *u&*ose o# !o$t&o" is to !use e'e$ts to !o$#o&m to *"$+ I$ the #o""o,i$%. ,e
#u&the& e/mi$e t&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o"s $d thei& di##e&e$!e #&om the !o$!e*t o#
!o$t&o" i$ the Lst P"$$e& system. ,hi!h is to be i$t&odu!ed i$ Ch*te& 6+
I$ t&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o". the ob8e!ts o# !o$t&o" &e time $d &esou&!es+
Resou&!es 5"bo& hou&s. mte&i". e=ui*me$t. i$di&e!ts9 &e *"$$ed $d !o$t&o""ed
th&ou%h !ost !o$t&o" systems. the ob8e!ti'e o# ,hi!h is *&odu!ti'ity. i+e+. e##i!ie$t use o#
&esou&!es+ A bud%et is *&e*&ed #o& e!h &esou&!e. the use o# &esou&!es is mo$ito&ed
%i$st thei& bud%ets. $d *e&iodi! #o&e!sts &e mde o# &esou&!e &e=ui&eme$ts bsed o$
the !u&&e$t stte o# the *&o8e!t+
Co$t&o""i$% time i$'o"'es *"$$i$%. s!hedu"i$%. $d mo$ito&i$%+ P"$$i$% de!ides
,ht is to be !!om*"ished $d i$ ,ht se=ue$!e+ S!hedu"i$% dete&mi$es ts1 du&tio$
$d timi$%+ Mo$ito&i$% !he!1s *&o%&ess o# ts1s %i$st the s!hedu"e $d #o&e!sts ,he$
,o&1 ,i"" be !om*"eted+ The ob8e!ti'e o# time !o$t&o" is *&odu!tio$ o& *&o%&ess. $ot
*&odu!ti'ity+
De!isio$s mde &e%&di$% bud%et $d s!hedu"e. *&odu!ti'ity $d *&odu!tio$ must
&e!o%$i:e thei& i$te&de*e$de$!e+ P&odu!ti'ity $d *&odu!tio$ &e #o&m""y &e"ted i$
e&$ed '"ue systems. ,hi!h *&o*ose so"utio$ to the *&ob"em tht *&o%&ess $d
e/*e$ditu&e o# &esou&!es $eed $ot !oi$!ide+ Rtes o# &esou&!e !o$sum*tio$ &e
estb"ished #o& the '&ious 1i$ds o# ,o&1 to be *e&#o&med o$ *&o8e!t< e+%+. A+6(
e$%i$ee&i$% "bou&0hou&s *e& *i*i$% isomet&i! d&,i$% o& >(+D "bou&0hou&s *e& *u&!hse
o&de&+ Com*"eti$% $ i$di'idu" *i*i$% isomet&i! d&,i$% e&$s A+6( "bou&0hou&s
&e%&d"ess o# the !tu" $umbe& o# hou&s !o$sumed i$ its *&odu!tio$+ P&o%&ess to,&d
*&o8e!t !om*"etio$ is t&!1ed by !!umu"ti$% the e&$ed hou&s $d !om*&i$% tht to
the tot" hou&s to be e&$ed #o& the e$ti&e *&o8e!t+ Fo& e/m*"e. su**ose the *&o8e!t
s!hedu"e !""s #o& *&odu!tio$ o# >) *i*i$% isomet&i! d&,i$%s t time t. but o$"y A
d&,i$%s h'e bee$ *&odu!ed+ O$"y E6+EE 5A / A+6(9 hou&s h'e bee$ e&$ed o# the A6+(
s!hedu"ed. so tht *o&tio$ o# the *&o8e!t is >)@ behi$d s!hedu"e 5E6+EEJA6+(O+A)9+ Tht
is mesu&e o# *&odu!tio$ %i$st s!hedu"e+
P&odu!ti'ity !$ be =uite di##e&e$t sto&y+ Su**ose it hs t1e$ o$"y E) hou&s to
*&odu!e the A *i*i$% isomet&i! d&,i$%s+ Si$!e E6+EE hou&s ,e&e e&$ed. the
*e&#o&m$!e #!to& is +A7 $d the *i*i$% %&ou* is o*e&ti$% t A7@ o# its bud%et #o&
isomet&i! d&,i$%s+ I$ this !se. the *&o8e!t is behi$d s!hedu"e. but u$de& bud%et+
P&odu!tio$ is *oo& $d *&odu!ti'ity is %ood+
E&$ed '"ue $"ysis is me$s #o& !o$t&o""i$% *&o8e!ts th&ou%h *&odu!ti'ity $d
*&o%&ess+ By itse"#. it ,ou"d h'e the desi%$ m$%e& be"ie'e tht *&o8e!t is *e&#o&mi$%
,e"" i# it is e&$i$% "bo& hou&s t the bud%et u$it &te $d "so e&$i$% su##i!ie$t hou&s to
mi$ti$ s!hedu"ed e&$i$%s *"$ e/*&essed s *e&!e$t%es o# e&$ed hou&s to tot"
hou&s to be e&$ed+ The ob'ious ,e1$ess i$ this !o$t&o" me!h$ism is tht *&o8e!ts my
e/hibit bud%et *&odu!ti'ity $d be o$ the e&$i$%s *"$. but $ot be doi$% the &i%ht
,o&1 i$ the &i%ht ,y t the &i%ht time+ A"thou%h thi$%s **e& to be o$ t&!1. the t&i$ is
desti$ed to e'e$tu""y &u$ o## the &i"s be!use ,o&1 is bei$% *&odu!ed tht does $ot
!o$#o&m to *&odu!t =u"ity &e=ui&eme$ts o& to *&o!ess =u"ity &e=ui&eme$ts 5e+%+. out o#
se=ue$!e9+ Co$se=ue$t"y. =u"ity !o$t&o" is i$'o1ed s se*&te !o$t&o" me!h$ism.
"thou%h &&e"y i# e'e& !o$t&o""i$% %i$st the ob8e!ti'e o# e/*&essi$% !ustome& $eeds i$
e$%i$ee&i$% s*e!i#i!tio$s. but &the& !o$t&o""i$% %i$st the ob8e!ti'es o# 'oidi$%
!"!u"tio$" $d dime$sio$" e&&o&s+ As #o& the issue o# the timi$% o# ,o&1. it hs *&o'e$
$e!ess&y to estb"ish s!hedu"e mi"esto$es to e$#o&!e dhe&e$!e to ,o&1 se=ue$!e+
These &e& %u&d !tio$s &e #&e=ue$t"y i$e##e!ti'e %i$st the domi$$t *&o%&ess $d
*&odu!ti'ity !o$t&o"s. ,hi!h !o$se=ue$t"y !use m$%e&s to th&o, the "e'e& i$ the
,&o$% di&e!tio$ be!use they mise'"ute !tu" *&o8e!t *e&#o&m$!e 5Ho,e"" $d
B""&d. >AAH9+
Fo&1 B&e1do,$ St&u!tu&e 5FBS9 is 1ey e"eme$t i$ t&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o"s+
BA FBS *&o'ides #&me,o&1 #o& i$te%&ted s!hedu"e $d !ost *"$$i$% $d ""o,s #o&
mo$ito&i$% $d !o$t&o" by m$%eme$t by estb"ishi$% the m$$e& i$ ,hi!h estimtes &e
ssi%$ed $d !osts &e !!umu"ted $d summ&i:ed+C 5*+ (>. Die1m$$ $d Th&ush.
>AEH9+ The ob8e!ti'e is to di'ide the ,o&1 to be do$e i$ the *&o8e!t i$to *&ts so they !$
be mo$ito&ed $d !o$t&o""ed+ No me$tio$ is mde o# the *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess s su!h+
PNB- I$!"usio$ o# the #"o, 'ie, dds $e, !&ite&i to the de!om*ositio$ *&o!ess+ Rou%h"y
s*e1i$%. ,e ,$t to b&e1 the ,ho"e i$to *&ts so ,e !$ mo&e esi"y *ut the *&ts b!1
to%ethe& %i$+ St&u!tu&e ,o&1 #o& #"o, $d ssemb"y. $ot o$"y #o& bud%eti$% $d
mo$ito&i$%+Q
Fu&the& de!om*ositio$ i$ the t&ditio$" *&o!ess e'e$tu""y de#i$es ,o&1 *!1%es s
the sm""est u$it+ Fo&1 *!1%es o#te$ !o&&es*o$d to !o$t&!t *!1%es o& to *y items
,ithi$ si$%"e !o$t&!t+ The domi$$!e o# the !o$'e&sio$ 'ie, is *e&h*s best &e'e"ed
i$ the #o""o,i$% =uotes- BA ,o&1 *!1%e is !ost !e$te&+C 5*+ ?6. Nei". 4mes M+
Construction Cost 9stimatin" for Pro6ect Control. >AE(9+ BThe FBS *&o'ides the
#&me,o&1 #o& de#i$i$% the *&o8e!t #&om the to* "" the ,y do,$ to its sm""est
!om*o$e$ts $d #o& !!umu"ti$% the !osts sso!ited ,ith e!h *ie!e+ I$ so doi$%. the
FBS *&o'ides dt bse #&om ,hi!h *&ob"em &es !$ be ide$ti#ied. #o&e!sts mde.
$d !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ !$ be t1e$+C 5*+ (>. Die1m$$ $d Th&ush. >AEH9+ It **e&s to
be ssumed tht !osts &ise ,ithi$ tht *&t o# the *&o8e!t i$ ,hi!h they &e dete!ted+
Fu&the&. !o$t&o" is esse$ti""y !o$t&o" o# beh'iou&. %i'e$ the de#u"t ssum*tio$ tht
ts1sJ,o&1 *!1%esJ!o$t&!ts !$ be !&&ied out+ The #"o, 'ie,. ,ith its
i$te&de*e$de$!e o# *&ts 5both s &e%&ds the ;*&odu!t; $d the *&o!ess o# m1i$% tht
*&odu!t9. is $e%"e!ted i$ this *e&s*e!ti'e+ E=u""y $e%"e!ted is !o$side&tio$ o# !*bi"ity+
Fe &e !"e&"y de"i$% he&e ,ith ty*e o# *ush system $d the !o$t&o"s **&o*&ite to
*ush system+
Des*ite the #o!us o$ !ost $d s!hedu"e L!!ou$ti$%M. theo&ists &e!o%$i:e the *&im!y
o# the !o$t&o" !t itse"#+ BFithout !o&&e!ti'e !tio$s *&o8e!t !o$t&o" system be!omes
me&e"y !ostJs!hedu"e &e*o&ti$% system+C 5*+ (A. Die1m$$ $d Th&ush. >AEH9+
Ho,e'e&. the t&ditio$" 'ie, is tht !o$t&o" !o$sists o# !o&&e!ti$% de'itio$s #&om *"$+
De'itio$s &e e/*e!ted. but tht e/*e!ttio$ is $ot &ooted i$ the ide tht '&itio$ is
$tu&". but &the& tht si$ is i$e'itb"e+ Die1m$$ $d Th&ush de'ote "ess th$ t,o *%es
o# >)E *%e **e& to !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ $d *&o'ide $o mo&e d'i!e th$ to i$#o&m
m$%e&s $d su*e&'iso&s t e'e&y "e'e" i$ the *&o8e!t bout de'itio$s so they !$ BR
!o&&e!t those t&oub"e s*ots+C 5*+ (E9+ They **e& to ssume tht !uses o# de'itio$ ,i""
be **&e$t $d the **&o*&ite !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ ob'ious+ BThese *&ob"ems !$ be esi"y
t&!ed to thei& sou&!e ""o,i$% e&"y dete!tio$ o# u$#'o&b"e t&e$ds+C 5*+ 66. Die1m$$
$d Th&ush. >AEH9+ I# the st$d&d !o&&e!ti'e !tio$s &e i$deed LT&y h&de&SM $d LAdd
mo&e me$SM. tht ,ou"d be !o$siste$t ,ith the t&ditio$" 'ie,+
Ad'o!tes o# system dy$mi!s h'e *&o*osed to su**"eme$t t&ditio$" $et,o&1
$"yses $d mode"s. ddi$% to the BR%&o,i$% e'ide$!e tht $et,o&1 $"ysis o$ its
o,$ is $ot su##i!ie$t to mode" $d m$%e the beh'iou& o# *&o8e!ts+C 5Fi""ims et "+.
>AA7. *+ >7D9+ They *&o*ose to *&o'ide dditio$" i$#o&mtio$ to *&o8e!t m$%e&s so
they 'oid mise'"uti$% the stte o# the *&o8e!t $d !o$se=ue$t"y m1i$% de!isio$s tht
!use thi$%s to %et ,o&se &the& th$ bette& 5See *+ >(7 o# Rod&i%ues. >AAD9+ B""&d $d
Ho,e"" 5>AAH9 su%%est tht it is im*ossib"e to m1e %ood de!isio$s bout !uses o&
!o&&e!tio$s o# de'itio$s. &e"yi$% o$"y o$ *&odu!ti'ity $d *&o%&ess dt. ,ithout
u$de&st$di$% ,o&1 #"o,+ O$e !$ h&d"y 'oid !o$!"udi$% tht the t&ditio$"
!o$t&o"
system is i$deed bsed "most e/!"usi'e"y o$ the !o$'e&sio$ o& !ti'ity 'ie, o# the
*&odu!tio$ system+
:.; P#e')o( App")c!t)on( o+ P#o/ct)on Cont#o" Concept( to t,e AEC
In/(t#5
A su&'ey o# the "ite&tu&e &e'e"s se'e&" *&im&y !o$t&ibuto&s to the theo&y $d *&!ti!e
o# *&odu!tio$ 5s o**osed to *&o8e!t9 !o$t&o" i$ the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y+ B""&d $d
Ho,e""Ms !o$t&ibutio$s &e des!&ibed i$ Ch*te& Th&ee+ Me""es $d Fme"i$1 5>AA69
de'e"o*ed 'e&y simi"& "i$e o# thi$1i$% i$de*e$de$t"y. !u"mi$ti$% i$ thei& 8oi$t PhD
thesis t De"#t U$i'e&sity. The Nethe&"$ds+ Lu&i 2os1e". Se$io& Rese&!he& t
Fi$"$dMs bui"di$% &ese&!h i$stitute. KTT. is the "edi$% theo&ist i$ *&odu!tio$
m$%eme$t i$ !o$st&u!tio$+ The U$i'e&sity o# Redi$% hs bee$ !ti'e i$ the #ie"d o#
*&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t #o& $umbe& o# ye&s+ 4oh$ Be$$ettMs Construction
(ana"ement #&om >AE7 is $ e/!e""e$t e/m*"e o# thei& ,o&1+ AddisM >AA) boo1.
*tructural en"ineerin": the nature and theory of desi"n. is "so hi%h"y &e"e'$t ,o&1
#o& this &ese&!h+ A"e/$de& Lu#e&Ms ,o&1 o$ *&o8e!t *"$$i$% t1es *&odu!tio$
!o$t&o" o&ie$ttio$ by 'i&tue o# its #o!us o$ u$!e&ti$ty $d '&ibi"ity $d thei&
m$%eme$t+ Gi'e$ the &e"ti'e obs!u&ity o# Me""es $d Fme"i$1Ms. o$"y thei& ,o&1 is
*&ese$ted i$ deti"+ The ,o&1 o# 2os1e" is des!&ibed o$"y to the e/te$t $eeded to &emi$d
the &ede& o# his 'it" !o$t&ibutio$s+ Tht shou"d i$ $o ,y be t1e$ s $ i$di!tio$ o#
&e"ti'e im*o&t$!e o# the '&ious !o$t&ibutio$s+
:.;.1 MELLES AND WAMELINK
I$t&odu!i$% thei& dis!ussio$ o# the theo&y o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". Me""es $d Fme"i$1
5>AA69 e/*"i$. BCo$t&&y to ,ht is !ustom&y i$ the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y ,e sh""
$ot
ssume. be#o&eh$d. the theo&ies i$ the #ie"d o# *&o8e!t m$%eme$t+ RP&odu!tio$
!o$t&o" i$ !o$st&u!tio$ !om*$ies hs t&ditio$""y bee$ imed t the !o$t&o" o#
*&o8e!ts+C Fo& Me""es $d Fme"i$1. *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" !o$sists o# BRthe !ti'ities
&e"ti$% to the d8ustme$t o# "" s*e!ts o# the *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess. so tht the
*&e!o$ditio$s i$ ,hi!h the *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess is to be e/e!uted. &e met+C D&,i$% o$
m$u#!tu&i$% *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". they em*hsi:e- >9 Thi$1i$% i$ te&ms o# hie&&!hi!"
"e'e"s o# de!isio$< i+e+. !o$t&o" t !om*$y "e'e". #!to&y "e'e". $d *&odu!tio$ u$it "e'e".
$d (9 Thi$1i$% i$ te&ms o# de!isio$ #u$!tio$s ,ithi$ the hie&&!hi!" "e'e"s< i+e+.
%%&e%te *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". mte&i" !oo&di$tio$. ,o&1"od !o$t&o". ,o&1o&de&
&e"ese. ,o&1"od !!e*t$!e. deti"ed ,o&1o&de& s!hedu"i$%. !*!ity ""o!tio$. $d
sho* #"oo& !o$t&o"+ The m$u#!tu&i$% mode" o$ ,hi!h they &e"y is tht o# Be&t&$d et
"+.
>AA)+
Me""es $d Fme"i$1 *&o*ose Lt&$s"tio$M o# the m$u#!tu&i$% mode" i$to
de!isio$ #u$!tio$s **&o*&ite to '&ious ty*es o# !o$st&u!tio$. ide$ti#yi$% t the
L#!to&yM "e'e" *&o8e!t !oo&di$tio$ 5!hie'ed i$ *&t by $et,o&1 s!hedu"es9. mobi"istio$
*"$$i$% 5by me$s o# Bsi/ ,ee1s s!hemeC9. $d ""o!tio$ *"$$i$% 5by me$s o# Bts1
s!hemeC9+
I$ dditio$ to the *&im&y !o$t&ibutio$ o# di&e!ti$% tte$tio$ to m$u#!tu&i$% theo&y
$d *&!ti!e. Me""es $d Fme"i$1Ms ,o&1 ide$ti#ies #u$!tio$"ities AEC i$dust&y
*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" systems shou"d *ossess+ Thei& s*e!i#i! ob8e!ti'e ,s to ssist i$ the
desi%$ o# i$#o&mtio$ systems+ Co$se=ue$t"y. they did $ot e/*"i!it"y **"y thei& mode" to
e'"utio$ o# !u&&e$t m$%eme$t systems $d *&!ti!e+ Ho,e'e&. the o'e&,he"mi$%"y
$e%ti'e &esu"ts o# so doi$% &e im*"i!it i$ thei& !&iti=ue o# *&o8e!t m$%eme$t so#t,&e+
Fo& e/m*"e. s*e1i$% o# *&o8e!t !oo&di$tio$. they !omme$t. BRit !$ immedite"y be
dedu!ed tht the *&o8e!t m$%eme$t so#t,&e 'i"b"e o$ the m&1et is i$deed bout
!e&ti$ s*e!t 5,ithi$ the #&me,o&1. the de!isio$ #u$!tio$ *&o8e!t !oo&di$tio$9+ The
othe& de!isio$ #u$!tio$s 5&esou&!e *"$$i$%. mobi"i:tio$ *"$$i$%. et!+9 &e. %e$e&""y
s*e1i$%. $ot &e!o%$i:b"e+C 5*+ 679+ This !&iti=ue is mde mo&e e/*"i!it"y i$ Fme"i$1 et
"+. >AA6+
:.;.: KOSKELA
Lu&i 2os1e" 5>AAA9 *&o*oses the #o""o,i$% desi%$ !&ite&i o& *&i$!i*"es #o&
*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system+ I$ #!t. he !"ims they &e t&ue #o& the Lst P"$$e& system.
,hi!h is to be *&ese$ted i$ Ch*te& Th&ee-
NThe #i&st *&i$!i*"e is tht the ssi%$me$ts shou"d be sou$d &e%&di$% thei&
*&e&e=uisites+ This *&i$!i*"e hs "so bee$ !""ed the Com*"ete 2it by Ro$e$
5Ro$e$ >AA(9+ The Com*"ete 2it su%%ests tht ,o&1 shou"d $ot st&t u$ti" "" the
items &e=ui&ed #o& !om*"etio$ o# 8ob &e 'i"b"e+ Thus. this *&i$!i*"e st&i'es to
mi$imi:e ,o&1 i$ subo*tim" !o$ditio$s+
NThe se!o$d *&i$!i*"e is tht the &e"i:tio$ o# ssi%$me$ts is mesu&ed $d
mo$ito&ed+ The &e"ted met&i!s. Pe&!e$t P"$ Com*"ete 5PPC9. is the $umbe& o#
*"$$ed !ti'ities !om*"eted. di'ided by the tot" $umbe& o# *"$$ed !ti'ities. $d
e/*&essed s *e&!e$t%e+ This #o!us o$ *"$ &e"i:tio$ dimi$ishes the &is1 o#
'&ibi"ity *&o*%tio$ to do,$st&em #"o,s $d ts1s+
NThi&d"y. !uses #o& $o$0&e"i:tio$ &e i$'esti%ted $d those !uses &e &emo'ed+
Thus. i$ #!t. !o$ti$uous. i$0*&o!ess im*&o'eme$t is &e"i:ed+
NThe #ou&th *&i$!i*"e su%%ests mi$ti$i$% bu##e& o# ts1s ,hi!h &e sou$d #o& e!h
!&e,+ Thus. i# the ssi%$ed ts1 tu&$s out to be im*ossib"e to !&&y out. the !&e,
!$ s,it!h to $othe& ts1+ This *&i$!i*"e is i$st&ume$t" i$ 'oidi$% "ost
*&odu!tio$ 5due to st&'i$%9 o& &edu!ed *&odu!ti'ity 5due to subo*tim"
!o$ditio$s9+
NThe #i#th *&i!i*"e su%%ests tht i$ "oo1hed *"$$i$% 5,ith time ho&i:o$ o# 60D
,ee1s9. the *&e&e=uisites o# u*!omi$% ssi%$me$ts &e !ti'e"y mde &edy+ This.
i$ #!t. is *u"" system tht is i$st&ume$t" i$ e$su&i$% tht "" the *&e&e=uisites &e
'i"b"e #o& the ssi%$me$ts+ O$ the othe& h$d. it e$su&es tht too %&et mte&i"
bu##e&s do $ot eme&%e o$ site+C
:.< C#)te#)! +o# ! De()0n P#o/ct)on Cont#o" S5(te$
The *&e!edi$% &e'ie, $d !&iti=ue o# the "ite&tu&e su%%ests the #o""o,i$% %uide"i$es $d
!&ite&i #o& $ e##e!ti'e desi%$ *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system-
'ariability must be miti"ated and remainin" variability mana"ed% K&ibi"ity is 'i&tu""y
dis&e%&ded i$ !u&&e$t !o$t&o" systems+ But the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y !e&ti$"y hs its sh&e o#
'&ibi"ity- '&ibi"ity i$ =u"ity. '&ibi"ity i$ *&o!essi$% times. '&ibi"ity i$ de"i'e&ies. et!+
Ne%"e!t o# '&ibi"ity !uses %&ete& '&ibi"ity. $d the&e is ",ys $ sso!ited *e$"ty+
A!!o&di$% to Ho** $d S*e&m$ 5>AAH9. '&ibi"ity &esu"ts i$ some o& "" o# the #o""o,i$%-
bu##e&i$% o# #"o,s. ,hi!h i$!&eses "ed times $d ,o&10i$0*&o!ess
"o,e& &esou&!e uti"i:tio$
"ost th&ou%h*ut
,ssi"nments are sound re"ardin" their prere;uisites%
#he reali2ation of assi"nments is measured and monitored%
Causes for failin" to complete planned wor) are investi"ated and those causes are removed%
, buffer of sound assi"nments is maintained for each crew or production unit%
#he prere;uisites of upcomin" assi"nments are actively made ready%
#he traditional schedule+push system is supplemented with pull techni;ues% Not o$"y do *u""
systems usu""y *e&#o&m bette& th$ *ush systems 5Ho** $d S*e&m$. >AAH9. but *u"" systems &e
es*e!i""y $eeded i$ !o$ditio$s o# '&ibi"ity+
Production control facilitates wor) flow and value "eneration% P&odu!tio$ thi$1i$% $d *&!ti!e i$
"" &es hs #o!used *&im&i"y o$ the ts1 %o"s o# *&odu!tio$ $d $e%"e!ted #"o, $d '"ue
5Huo'i" $d 2os1e". >AA?9+ The ob8e!t o# t&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o" hs bee$ beh'io&+ Fht
$eeds to be !o$t&o""ed is ,o&1 #"o,+
#he pro6ect is conceived as a temporary production system% The mode" #o& !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ i$
t&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o" is !ou&se !o&&e!tio$. d&,$ by $"o%y #&om the *th o# 'ehi!"e bou$d
#o& s*e!i#i! desti$tio$ ,ith t&%et &&i'" time $d s*e!i#ied s*e$di$% bud%et o& othe&,ise
"imited &esou&!es+ I# the *&o8e!t is to be !o$!ei'ed &the& s tem*o&&y *&odu!tio$ system. the
!ou&se !o&&e!tio$ mode" is &di!""y o'e&sim*"i#ied $d i$**&o*&ite+ The #"o, o# mte&i"s $d
i$#o&mtio$ is ,ht is to be !o$t&o""ed+ They #"o, th&ou%h 'e&y !om*"e/ $et,o&1s o# tem*o&&y $d
*e&m$e$t *&odu!tio$ systems+ Co&&e!ti'e !tio$ must be t1e$ ,ithi$ $ u$de&st$di$% o# these
$et,o&1s $d o# the im*!t o# !h$%es i$ se=ue$!e. *&o!essi$% methodo"o%ies. bu##e& "o!tio$ $d
si:i$%. "o!" !o$t&o" st&te%ies 5e+%+. *u"" o& *ush9. et!+
<ecision ma)in" is distributed in production control systems% T&ditio$" *&o8e!t !o$t&o" ssumes
the $e!essity $d *ossibi"ity o# !e$t&" !o$t&o"+ The u$de&"yi$% im%e is tht o# si$%"e mi$d $d
m$y h$ds+ A&%ub"y. dy$mi! *&odu!tio$ systems !$$ot be !o$t&o""ed !e$t&""y. but &the& &e
d*ti'e !&etu&es d&i'e$ by de!isio$ m1i$% t thei& *e&i*he&y+
Production control resists the tendency =of desi"ners and en"ineers> toward local suboptimi2ation
5G&ee$. >AA(9+ G&ee$;s !omme$t ,s s*e!i#i!""y di&e!ted to the te$de$!y o# desi%$e&s $d
e$%i$ee&s to,&d "o!" subo*timi:tio$. but tht is %e$e&" te$de$!y o# $y system i$ ,hi!h the&e
is di'isio$ o# "bo&+
I$ Ch*te& Th&ee. the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" is des!&ibed $d
e'"uted %i$st these !&ite&i+
Ballard 3-1 Last Planner `
CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION AND HISTORC OF
THE LAST PLANNER SCSTEM OF PRODUCTION
CONTROL
;.1 H)e#!#c,)c!" St#ct#e
Aside #&om the sim*"est $d sm""est 8obs. desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ &e=ui&e *"$$i$% $d
!o$t&o" do$e by di##e&e$t *eo*"e. t di##e&e$t *"!es ,ithi$ the o&%$i:tio$. $d t
di##e&e$t times du&i$% the "i#e o# *&o8e!t+ P"$$i$% hi%h i$ the o&%$i:tio$ te$ds to
#o!us o$ %"ob" ob8e!ti'es $d !o$st&i$ts. %o'e&$i$% the e$ti&e *&o8e!t+ These ob8e!ti'es
d&i'e "o,e& "e'e" *"$$i$% *&o!esses tht s*e!i#y me$s #o& !hie'i$% those e$ds+
U"timte"y. someo$e 5i$di'idu" o& %&ou*9 de!ides ,ht *hysi!". s*e!i#i! ,o&1 ,i"" be
do$e tomo&&o,+ Tht ty*e o# *"$s hs bee$ !""ed Nssi%$me$tsN+ They &e u$i=ue
be!use they d&i'e di&e!t ,o&1 &the& th$ the *&odu!tio$ o# othe& *"$s+ The *e&so$ o&
%&ou* tht *&odu!es ssi%$me$ts is !""ed the NLst P"$$e&N 5B""&d $d Ho,e"" >AAD9+
;.: S,o"/9C!n9W)""9D)/
The te&m Nssi%$me$tsN st&esses the !ommu$i!tio$ o# &e=ui&eme$ts #&om Lst P"$$e&
to desi%$ s=ud o& !o$st&u!tio$ !&e,+ But these *&odu!ts o# *"$$i$% t the *&odu!tio$
u$it "e'e" &e "so !ommitme$ts to the &est o# the o&%$i:tio$+ They sy ,ht FILL be
do$e. $d 5ho*e#u""y9 &e the &esu"t o# *"$$i$% *&o!ess tht best mt!hes FILL ,ith
SHOULD ,ithi$ the !o$st&i$ts o# CAN+
LAST PLANNER
PLANNING
PROCESS
&i"ure ?%$
SHOULD
CAN FILL
#he formation of assi"nments in the Last Planner plannin" process%
U$#o&tu$te"y. "st *"$$e& *e&#o&m$!e is sometimes e'"uted s i# the&e !ou"d be $o
*ossib"e di##e&e$!e bet,ee$ SHOULD $d CAN+ NFht ,i"" ,e do $e/t ,ee1GC
BFhte'e& is o$ the s!hedu"e.N o& BFhte'e& is %e$e&ti$% the most het+C Su*e&'iso&s
!o$side& it thei& 8ob to 1ee* *&essu&e o$ subo&di$tes to *&odu!e des*ite obst!"es+
G&$ted tht it is $e!ess&y to o'e&!ome obst!"es. tht does $ot e/!use !&eti$% them o&
"e'i$% them i$ *"!e+ E&&ti! de"i'e&y o# &esou&!es su!h s i$*ut i$#o&mtio$ $d
u$*&edi!tb"e !om*"etio$ o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 i$'"idtes the *&esumed e=utio$ o#
FILL ,ith SHOULD. $d =ui!1"y &esu"ts i$ the b$do$me$t o# *"$$i$% tht di&e!ts
!tu" *&odu!tio$+
Fi"u&e to *&o!ti'e"y !o$t&o" t the *&odu!tio$ u$it "e'e" i$!&eses u$!e&ti$ty $d
de*&i'es ,o&1e&s o# *"$$i$% s too" #o& sh*i$% the #utu&e+ Fht is $eeded is to shi#t
the #o!us o# !o$t&o" #&om the ,o&1e&s to the #"o, o# ,o&1 tht "i$1s them to%ethe&+ The
Lst P"$$e& *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system is *hi"oso*hy. &u"es $d *&o!edu&es. $d set
o# too"s tht #!i"itite the im*"eme$ttio$ o# those *&o!edu&es+ Re%&di$% the
*&o!edu&es. the system hs t,o !om*o$e$ts- *&odu!tio$ u$it !o$t&o" $d ,o&1 #"o,
!o$t&o"+ The 8ob o# the #i&st is to m1e *&o%&essi'e"y bette& ssi%$me$ts to di&e!t ,o&1e&s
th&ou%h !o$ti$uous "e&$i$% $d !o&&e!ti'e !tio$+ The #u$!tio$ o# ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" is
*e&h*s e'ide$t i$ its $meTto *&o!ti'e"y !use ,o&1 to #"o, !&oss *&odu!tio$ u$its
i$ the best !hie'eb"e se=ue$!e $d &te+
;.; P#o/ct)on Un)t Cont#o"
The 1ey *e&#o&m$!e dime$sio$ o# *"$$i$% system t the *&odu!tio$ u$it "e'e" is its
out*ut =u"ity< i+e+ the =u"ity o# *"$s *&odu!ed by the Lst P"$$e&+ The #o""o,i$% &e
some o# the !&iti!" =u"ity !h&!te&isti!s o# $ ssi%$me$t-
The ssi%$me$t is ,e"" de#i$ed+
The &i%ht se=ue$!e o# ,o&1 is se"e!ted+
The &i%ht mou$t o# ,o&1 is se"e!ted+
The ,o&1 se"e!ted is *&!ti!" o& sou$d< i+e+. !$ be do$e+
BFe"" de#i$edC me$s des!&ibed su##i!ie$t"y tht it !$ be mde &edy $d !om*"etio$ !$
be u$mbi%uous"y dete&mi$ed+ The N&i%ht se=ue$!eN is tht se=ue$!e !o$siste$t ,ith the
i$te&$" "o%i! o# the ,o&1 itse"#. *&o8e!t !ommitme$ts $d %o"s. $d e/e!utio$
st&te%ies+ The N&i%ht mou$tN is tht mou$t the *"$$e&s 8ud%e thei& *&odu!tio$ u$its
!*b"e o# !om*"eti$% #te& &e'ie, o# bud%et u$it &tes $d #te& e/mi$i$% the s*e!i#i!
,o&1 to be do$e+ NP&!ti!"N me$s tht "" *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 is i$ *"!e $d "" &esou&!es
&e 'i"b"e+
The =u"ity o# #&o$t "i$e su*e&'iso&;s ssi%$me$ts my be &e'ie,ed by su*e&io&
*&io& to issue. but su!h i$0*&o!ess i$s*e!tio$ does $ot &outi$e"y *&odu!e mesu&eme$t
dt. e'e$ ,he$ !o&&e!tio$s &e $e!ess&y+ P"$$i$% system *e&#o&m$!e is mo&e esi"y
mesu&ed i$di&e!t"y. th&ou%h the &esu"ts o# *"$ e/e!utio$+
Pe&!e$t P"$ Com*"ete 5PPC9 is the $umbe& o# *"$$ed !ti'ities !om*"eted di'ided
by the tot" $umbe& o# *"$$ed !ti'ities. e/*&essed s *e&!e$t%e+ PPC be!omes the
st$d&d %i$st ,hi!h !o$t&o" is e/e&!ised t the *&odu!tio$ u$it "e'e". bei$% de&i'ti'e
#&om $ e/t&eme"y !om*"e/ set o# di&e!ti'es- *&o8e!t s!hedu"es. e/e!utio$ st&te%ies.
bud%et u$it &tes. et!+ Gi'e$ =u"ity *"$s. hi%he& PPC !o&&es*o$ds to doi$% mo&e o# the
&i%ht ,o&1 ,ith %i'e$ &esou&!es. i+e+ to hi%he& *&odu!ti'ity $d *&o%&ess+
Pe&!e$t P"$ Com*"ete mesu&es the e/te$t to ,hi!h the #&o$t "i$e su*e&'iso&;s
!ommitme$t 5FILL9 ,s &e"i:ed+ A$"ysis o# $o$!o$#o&m$!es !$ the$ "ed b!1 to
&oot !uses. so im*&o'eme$t !$ be mde i$ #utu&e *e&#o&m$!e+ Mesu&i$%
*e&#o&m$!e t the Lst P"$$e& "e'e" does $ot me$ you o$"y m1e !h$%es t tht
"e'e"+ Root !uses o# *oo& *"$ =u"ity o& #i"u&e to e/e!ute *"$$ed ,o&1 my be #ou$d
t $y o&%$i:tio$" "e'e". *&o!ess o& #u$!tio$+ PPC $"ysis !$ be!ome *o,e&#u"
#o!" *oi$t #o& b&e1th&ou%h i$ititi'es+
The #i&st thi$% $eeded is ide$ti#i!tio$ o# &eso$s ,hy *"$$ed ,o&1 ,s $ot do$e.
*&e#e&b"y by #&o$t "i$e su*e&'iso&s o& the e$%i$ee&s o& !&#tsme$ di&e!t"y &es*o$sib"e #o&
*"$ e/e!utio$+ Reso$s !ou"d i$!"ude-
Fu"ty di&e!ti'es o& i$#o&mtio$ *&o'ided to the Lst P"$$e&< e+%+ the i$#o&mtio$
system i$!o&&e!t"y i$di!ted tht i$#o&mtio$ ,s 'i"b"e o& tht *&e&e=uisite
,o&1 ,s !om*"ete+
Fi"u&e to **"y =u"ity !&ite&i to ssi%$me$ts< e+%+ too mu!h ,o&1 ,s *"$$ed+
Fi"u&e i$ !oo&di$tio$ o# sh&ed &esou&!es< e+%+ "!1 o# !om*ute& o& *"otte&+
Ch$%e i$ *&io&ity< e+%+ ,o&1e&s &essi%$ed tem*o&&i"y to NhotN ts1+
Desi%$ e&&o& o& 'e$do& e&&o& dis!o'e&ed i$ the ttem*t to !&&y out *"$$ed
!ti'ity+
This *&o'ides the i$iti" dt $eeded #o& $"ysis $d im*&o'eme$t o# PPC.
$d !o$se=ue$t"y #o& im*&o'i$% *&o8e!t *e&#o&m$!e+
;.< Wo#& F"o% Cont#o"
He&e ,e tu&$ to the to*i! o# ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o"< i+e+. !usi$% ,o&1 to mo'e bet,ee$
*&odu!tio$ u$its i$ desi&ed se=ue$!e $d &te+ P&odu!tio$ U$it Co$t&o" !oo&di$tes the
e/e!utio$ o# ,o&1 within *&odu!tio$ u$its su!h s !o$st&u!tio$ !&e,s $d desi%$ s=uds+
Fo&1 F"o, Co$t&o" !oo&di$tes the #"o, o# desi%$. su**"y. $d i$st""tio$ throu"h
*&odu!tio$ u$its+
I$ the hie&&!hy o# *"$s $d s!hedu"es. the "oo1hed *&o!ess hs the 8ob o# ,o&1
#"o, !o$t&o"+ Loo1hed s!hedu"es &e !ommo$ i$ !u&&e$t i$dust&y *&!ti!e. but ty*i!""y
*e&#o&m o$"y the #u$!tio$ o# hi%h"i%hti$% ,ht SHOULD be do$e i$ the $e& te&m+ I$
!o$t&st. the "oo1hed *&o!ess ,ithi$ the Lst P"$$e& system se&'es mu"ti*"e #u$!tio$s.
s "isted i$ Tb"e 6+>+ These #u$!tio$s &e !!om*"ished th&ou%h '&ious s*e!i#i!
*&o!esses. i$!"udi$% !ti'ity de#i$itio$. !o$st&i$ts $"ysis. *u""i$% ,o&1 #&om u*st&em
*&odu!tio$ u$its. $d mt!hi$% "od $d !*!ity. e!h o# ,hi!h ,i"" be dis!ussed i$ the
#o""o,i$% *%es+
&i"ure ?%2
PLANNING SCSTEM
Cu&&e$t sttus
U #o&e!sts
Mste&
S!hedu"e
Se"e!ti$%.
se=ue$!i$%. U
si:i$% ,o&1 ,e
thi$1 !$ be do$e
Loo1hed
A!tio$ to
*&e'e$t
&e*etiti'e
e&&o&s
I$#o&mtio$
M1e ,o&1
&edy by
s!&ee$i$%
U *u""i$%
Fo&1b"e
B!1"o%
Se"e!ti$%.
se=ue$!i$%.
U si:i$% ,o&1
,e 1$o,
!$ be do$e
Fee1"y
Fo&1 P"$s
Ch&t PPC
U
Reso$s
Resou&!es
P&odu!tio$
Com*"eted
Fo&1
7
Last Planner *ystem with Loo)ahead Process hi"hli"hted
The 'ehi!"e #o& the "oo1hed *&o!ess is s!hedu"e o# *ote$ti" ssi%$me$ts #o& the $e/t
6 to >( ,ee1s+ The $umbe& o# ,ee1s o'e& ,hi!h "oo1hed *&o!ess e/te$ds is de!ided
bsed o$ *&o8e!t !h&!te&isti!s. the &e"ibi"ity o# the *"$$i$% system. $d the "ed times
#o& !=ui&i$% i$#o&mtio$. mte&i"s. "bo&. $d e=ui*me$t+ Tb"es 6+( $d 6+6 &e
e/m*"es o# !o$st&u!tio$ $d e$%i$ee&i$% "oo1hed s!hedu"es. &es*e!ti'e"y+ The
"oo1hed s!hedu"e is $ot sim*"e d&o* out #&om the mste& s!hedu"e+ I$deed. it is o#te$
be$e#i!i" to h'e the tem tht is to do the ,o&1 i$ the $e/t *hse o# *&o8e!t
!o""e!ti'e"y *&odu!e *hse s!hedu" e tht se&'es to !oo&di$te !tio$s tht e/te$d
beyo$d the "oo1hed ,i$do, 5the *e&iod o# time ,e !hoose to "oo1 hed9+
#able ?%$
Fnct)on( o+ t,e Loo&!,e!/ P#oce((
V S,!pe %o#& +"o% (e1ence !n/ #!te
V M!tc, %o#& +"o% !n/ c!p!c)t5
V Deco$po(e $!(te# (c,e/"e !ct)')t)e(
)nto %o#& p!c&!0e( !n/ ope#!t)on(
V De'e"op /et!)"e/ $et,o/( +o# eDect)n0
%o#&
V M!)nt!)n ! 4!c&"o0 o+ #e!/5 %o#&
V Up/!te !n/ #e')(e ,)0,e# "e'e" (c,e/"e(
!( nee/e/.
&unctions of the Loo)ahead Process
P&io& to e$t&y i$to the "oo1hed ,i$do,. mste& s!hedu"e o& *hse s!hedu"e !ti'ities
&e e/*"oded i$to "e'e" o# deti" **&o*&ite #o& ssi%$me$t o$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s.
,hi!h ty*i!""y yie"ds mu"ti*"e ssi%$me$ts #o& e!h !ti'ity+ The$ e!h ssi%$me$t is
sub8e!ted to !o$st&i$ts $"ysis to dete&mi$e ,ht must be do$e i$ o&de& to m1e it
&edy to be e/e!uted+ The %e$e&" &u"e is to ""o, i$to the "oo1hed ,i$do,. o& ""o,
to d'$!e #&om o$e ,ee1 to the $e/t ,ithi$ the "oo1hed ,i$do,. o$"y !ti'ities tht
!$ be mde &edy #o& !om*"etio$ o$ s!hedu"e+ I# the *"$$e& is $ot !o$#ide$t tht the
!o$st&i$ts !$ be &emo'ed. the *ote$ti" ssi%$me$ts &e &et&ded to "te& dte+
Fi%u&e 6+6 is s!hemti! o# the "oo1hed *&o!ess. sho,i$% ,o&1 #"o,i$% th&ou%h
time #&om &i%ht to "e#t+ Pote$ti" ssi%$me$ts e$te& the "oo1hed ,i$do, H ,ee1s hed
o# s!hedu"ed e/e!utio$. the$ mo'e #o&,&d ,ee1 e!h ,ee1 u$ti" they &e ""o,ed to
e$te& i$to ,o&1b"e b!1"o%. i$di!ti$% tht "" !o$st&i$ts h'e bee$ &emo'ed $d tht
they &e i$ the *&o*e& se=ue$!e #o& e/e!utio$+ I# the *"$$e& ,e&e to dis!o'e&
; E F F F
!o$st&i$t 5*e&h*s desi%$ !h$%e o& !=uisitio$ o# soi"s &e*o&t9 tht !ou"d $ot be
&emo'ed i$ time. the ssi%$me$t ,ou"d $ot be ""o,ed to mo'e #o&,&d+ The ob8e!ti'e is
to mi$ti$ b!1"o% o# sou$d ,o&1. &edy to be *e&#o&med. ,ith ssu&$!e tht
e'e&ythi$% i$ ,o&1b"e b!1"o% is i$deed ,o&1b"e+
>6
Fee1"y ,o&1 *"$s &e the$
#o&med #&om ,o&1b"e b!1"o%. thus im*&o'i$% the *&odu!ti'ity o# those ,ho &e!ei'e the
ssi%$me$ts $d i$!&esi$% the &e"ibi"ity o# ,o&1 #"o, to the $e/t *&odu!tio$ u$it+
#able ?%2
PROBECT: P)"o t G WK LOOKAHEAD
ACTI*ITC > J > 6 J A ? > J ( ) J A ? > J ( ? J A ? ( J 6 J A ? NEEDS
M T W T F S M T W T F S M T W T F S M T W T F S
S! ot t ; s !&e ,
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W CHF d e "i'e &s > 0E 0A ? t h&u
> 0 > 6 + HF d e "i'e &s > 0( ) +
N CUPN AHUs0> ) CHF. ( HF
Pu$!h. "b e ". U t % AHUs / / / Mt e& i"s o $ s it e
Ro $; s !&e ,
/ / / Mt e& i"s o $ s it e DI St e m t o Humid i#ie &
DI St e m B"o,d o,$ / / Ch e !1 m t e &i"
DI St e m Co $d+ t
o !o o"e &s 5 > 6 9
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / Mt e& i" o $ s it e
Ch&"e s ; !&e ,
/ / / Mt " d e "i'e &y > 0E 0A ? ( )) de % HF > 0N HN
( ) ) de % HF > 0N BN
U > 0N DN
/ / / / / / / / / / Re "e s e mt " # o & > 0> 7 0A ?
> st #"& ( ) ) d e % HF
%uide s U $!ho &s
/ / / / / / / / / / Mt e& i" o $ s it e + Nee d Fe s
t
Ri!h &d; s ! &e ,
/ / / / / Co $t &o " ' "'e s #o & d d e d
KAK !o i"s
( 0N AN HF U CHF
CHF i$ C0 E0G t u $ $ e"s / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Ne e d t u $$ e "s * i$ t e d U
&e "e s e m t e &i"s
Mis! FCUs U !o $d+ d&
i$s i$ NIN . N 4N . U N2N > st
#"&
/ / / / / / / / / / T 1e o # # U o &d e & m t e &i"s
Pu$!h. "b e " U t % / / / / / / / / / / Mt e& i" o $ s it e
Construction Loo)ahead *chedule
$@
>6
De"ibe&te"y bui"di$% i$'e$to&ies. i$'e$to&ies o# &edy ,o&1 i$ this !se. my seem
!o$t&di!to&y to the %o"s o# 8ust0i$0time+ To !"&i#y. i$'e$to&ies o# "" so&t &e to be
mi$imi:ed. but s "o$% s the&e is '&ibi"ity i$ the #"o, o# mte&i"s $d i$#o&mtio$.
bu##e&s ,i"" be $eeded to bso&b tht '&ibi"ity+ Redu!i$% '&ibi"ity ""o,s &edu!tio$
o# bu##e& i$'e$to&ies+
>D
The N7 Fee1 Loo1hed S!hedu"eN e/!"udes the ,ee1 !o'e&ed by the Fee1"y Fo&1
P"$. so sho,s o$"y D ,ee1s+
;.<.1 CONSTRAINTS ANALCSIS
O$!e ssi%$me$ts &e ide$ti#ied. they &e sub8e!ted to !o$st&i$ts $"ysis+ Di##e&e$t
ty*es o# ssi%$me$ts h'e di##e&e$t !o$st&i$ts+ The !o$st&u!tio$ e/m*"e i$ Tb"e 6+D
"ists !o$t&!t. desi%$. submitt"s. mte&i"s. *&e&e=uisite ,o&1. s*!e. e=ui*me$t. $d
"bo&< *"us $ o*e$0e$ded !te%o&y #o& "" othe& !o$st&i$ts+ Othe& !o$st&i$ts mi%ht
i$!"ude *e&mits. i$s*e!tio$s. **&o'"s. $d so o$+ Desi%$ !o$st&i$ts !$ 'i&tu""y be
&ed #&om the A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode"- !"&ity o# di&e!ti'es 5"e'e" o# !!u&!y &e=ui&ed.
i$te$ded use o# the out*ut. **"i!b"e se!tio$ o# !ode9. *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 5dt.
e'"utio$s. mode"s9. "bo& $d te!h$i!" &esou&!es+ Fe *&e'ious"y met these !o$st&i$ts
i$ the dis!ussio$ o# P&odu!tio$ U$it Co$t&o"< the$ s &eso$s #o& #i"i$% to !om*"ete
ssi%$me$ts o$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s+
#able ?%?
En0)nee#)n0 Loo&!,e!/ Sc,e/"e
Project:
Discipline: Process
Planner: s
Checked By; x
Prep. Dt: 3/14/02
Week Ending: Week Ending: Week Ending: Week Ending:
Activity 3/28/02 4/4/02 4/11/02 4/18/02 OUTSTANDIN NEEDS
! T W T " ! T W T " ! T W T " ! T W T "
Pro#ide cons$ s%&&or$ '(
) A*
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Need +%es$ions ,ro- s%.s/
0e#ie1 s%.-i$$23's*
x x
Need s%.-i$$23s ,ro- s%./
Aid 1i$4 $oo3 ins$233 dsgn
e,,or$/
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x "ro5en 326o%$7 &kg 1 d1gs/
Design dr2ins ,ro- $oo3s
$o $%nne3 $ie8ins/
x x x "ro5en 326o%$7 in&%$ ,ro-
$oo3 ins$233 on ins$2332$ion
&re,erences
9e3& 326o%$ &eo&3e
co-&3e$e 2 326o%$ $42$ 1i33
1ork 1e33 1i$4 $oo3 ins$233
ro%$ing 2nd dr2ins in$o
$4e $%nne3/
x x :orrec$ $oo3 3is$/
:o-&3e$e Pkg 2
s&eci,ic2$ions
x x x x x "in23 e+&$ 2nd -$3 %s2ge
,ro- -ec4 ) $oo3 ins$233/
:re2$e 1ork &32ns x x x x
Send &2ck2ge $o (A/(:
re#ie1er ,or dr2in design
re#ie1
x x "in23 design d1gs ,or
dr2ins; &3o$ $i-e
S$2r$/co-&3e$e (A/(:
re#ie1
x x Se$ o, P2ck2ge 2 re#ie1
docs7 d1gs
9n"ineerin" Loo)ahead *chedule
Co$st&i$ts $"ysis &e=ui&es su**"ie&s o# %oods $d se&'i!es to !ti'e"y m$%e thei&
*&odu!tio$ $d de"i'e&y. $d *&o'ides the !oo&di$to& ,ith e&"y ,&$i$% o# *&ob"ems.
ho*e#u""y ,ith su##i!ie$t "ed time to *"$ &ou$d them+ I$ the bse$!e o# !o$st&i$ts
$"ysis. the te$de$!y is to ssume th&o,0it0o'e&0the0,"" me$t"ity< to be!ome
&e!ti'e to ,ht h**e$s to sho, u* i$ you& i$0bo/ o& "ydo,$ y&d+
&i"ure ?%?
T,e Loo&!,e!/ P#oce((: M!&e Re!/5 45
Sc#een)n0 - P"")n0
Mste& s!hedu"e !ti'ities e$te&i$% Hth ,ee1
> ( 6 D 7 H
Assi%$0
me$ts
S!&ee$ ssi%$me$ts U m1e
&edy e!h ,ee1 e$ou%h
E/*"ode s!hedu"ed
!ti'ities i$to ,o&1
*!1%es o$ e$t&y to
the "oo1hed
,i$do,
Fo&1b"e
B!1"o%
,o&1 to mi$ti$ ( ,ee1
,o&1b"e b!1"o%
Reso$s ,hy
*"$$ed ,o&1
$ot !om*"eted
Noti#y
!oo&di$to&
o#
!o$st&i$ts
sttus
(a)e Aeady by *creenin" and Pullin"
;.<.: PULLING
Pu""i$% is method o# i$t&odu!i$% mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ i$to *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess+
The "te&$ti'e method is to *ush i$*uts i$to *&o!ess bsed o$ t&%et de"i'e&y o&
!om*"etio$ dtes+ Co$st&u!tio$ s!hedu"es h'e t&ditio$""y bee$ *ush me!h$isms.
see1i$% to !use i$te&se!tio$s i$ the #utu&e o# i$te&de*e$de$t !tio$s+
#able ?%@
Sc#een)n0 A(()0n$ent(: St!t()n0
Con(t#!)nt(
I D A c t ) ' ) t 5 S t ! # t C o n t # ! c t e ( ) 0 n S 4 $ ) t t ! " ( M ! t e # ) ! " ( P # e 9 R e 1 ) ( ) t e S p ! c e E 1 ) p $ e n t L ! 4 o # O t , e #
: H 0
S m " " I $ t e & i o & F " " F o & m
s L i $ e s D 0 M + E . 6 0 M . 6 0
2 . D 0 2 + E . 6 0 H
( J A J A E
O K R F I H I O K O K # e 4 ! # O K O K O K N o n e
; 1 0
L & % e I$ t e & i o & F " "
L i $ e L F o & m
( J A J A E
J 0 0
I$ t e & i o & S m " " F " " s 6 F
$ d 6 D F o & m s
( J A J A E
1 1 < :
S m " " I $ t e & i o & F " " F o & m
s L i $ e s 7 0 M + E . $ d 7 0 2 + E
( J A J A E
1 J 0
E s t F " " B e t , e e $ L i $ e
s ( $ d H L i $ e D o u b " e U *
( J > 6 J A E
J : 0
I$ t e & i o & S m " " F " " s 6 F
$ d 6 D D o u b " e 0 u *
( J > 6 J A E
1 1 < H
S m " " I $ t e & i o & F " " s L i $
e s 7 0 M + E . $ d 7 0
2 + E D o u b " e 0 u *
( J > 6 J A E
; : :
L & % e I$ t e & i o & F " "
L i $ e L D o u b " e u *
( J > H J A E
: K 0
S m " " I $ t e & i o & F " " s L i $
e s D 0 M + E . 6 0 M . 6 0 2 . D 0
2 + E . 6 0 H D o u b " e 0 u *
( J > ? J A E
J ; G
I$ t e & i o & S m " " F " " s 6 F
$ d 6 D S t & i *
( J > E J A E
Constraints ,nalysis
By !o$t&st. *u""i$% ""o,s mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ i$to *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess o$"y i# the
*&o!ess is !*b"e o# doi$% tht ,o&1+ I$ ou& Lst P"$$e& system. !o$#o&m$!e o#
ssi%$me$ts to =u"ity !&ite&i !o$stitute su!h !he!1 o$ !*bi"ity+ Fu&the&. m1i$%
ssi%$me$ts &edy i$ the "oo1hed *&o!ess is e/*"i!it"y $ **"i!tio$ o# *u"" te!h$i=ues+
Co$se=ue$t"y. Lst P"$$e& is ty*e o# *u"" system+
PLANNING THE
WORK
ELECUTING
THE PLAN
&i"ure ?%@
A T#!/)t)on!" 7P(,8
P"!nn)n0 S5(te$
PROBECT
OBBECTI*ES
INFORMATION
SHOULD
RESOURCES
DID
, #raditional BPush) Plannin" *ystem
Ce&ti$ thi$%s h'e "o$% bee$ *u""ed s o**osed to *ushed< e+%+. !o$!&ete+ Fith its sho&t
she"# "i#e. !o$!&ete !$$ot be o&de&ed too #& i$ d'$!e o# $eed+ Fo&tu$te"y. the "ed
time
>7
#o& !o$!&ete is sho&t. so it is usu""y *ossib"e to ,it u$ti" you 1$o, ,he$ it ,i""
be $eeded be#o&e o&de&i$% it+
Ge$e&""y. ,i$do, o# &e"ibi"ity %&ete& th$ su**"ie& "ed time is $eeded i$
o&de& #o& *u""i$% to be most e##e!ti'e+ Othe&,ise. the *u""ed items my $ot mt!h u* ,ith
the ,o&1 to ,hi!h they &e to be **"ied+ I$ the i$dust&y $o,. su**"ie& "ed times &e #o&
the most *&t mu!h %&ete& th$ ou& !!u&te #o&esi%ht &e%&di$% ,o&1 !om*"etio$.
he$!e
*e&h*s &eso$ #o& the i$#&e=ue$t use o# *u""i$% me!h$isms+
>7
Led time is the time i$ d'$!e o# de"i'e&y o$e must *"!e $ o&de&+ It is
o#te$ &e#e&&ed to s Bsu**"ie& "ed timeC+
&i"ure ?%C
L!(t P"!nne#: A P"" S5(te$
SHOULD
CAN
LAST PLANNER
PLANNING
PROCESS
WILL
Last Planner: , Pull *ystem
;.<.; MATCHING LOAD AND CAPACITC
Mt!hi$% "od to !*!ity ,ithi$ *&odu!tio$ system is !&iti!" #o& *&odu!ti'ity o# the
*&odu!tio$ u$its th&ou%h ,hi!h ,o&1 #"o,s i$ the system. $d is "so !&iti!" #o& system
!y!"e time. the time &e=ui&ed #o& somethi$% to %o #&om o$e e$d to the othe&+
A"o$% ,ith its othe& #u$!tio$s. the "oo1hed *&o!ess is su**osed to mi$ti$ b!1"o%
o# ,o&1b"e ssi%$me$ts #o& e!h *&odu!tio$ u$it 5PU9+ To do so &e=ui&es estimti$% the
"od '&ious !hu$1s o# ,o&1 ,i"" *"!e o$ PUs $d the !*!ities o# PUs to *&o!ess
those !hu$1s o# ,o&1+ Cu&&e$t estimti$% u$it &tes. su!h s the "bo& hou&s &e=ui&ed to
e&e!t to$ o# stee". &e t best 'e&%es bsed o$ histo&i!" dt. ,hi!h &e themse"'es
"de$ ,ith the t&eme$dous mou$ts o# ,ste imbedded i$ !o$'e$tio$" *&!ti!e+ Fhe$
"od $d !*!ity &e estimted. &e ,e ssumi$% 6)@ &esou&!e uti"i:tio$ o& H)@G
Fht ssum*tio$s &e bei$% mde bout '&itio$ &ou$d 'e&%esG C$ ,e
e/*e!t !tu" u$it &tes to #"" sho&t o# the 'e&%e h"# the timeG C"e&"y ,e $eed mu!h
mo&e !!u&te dt th$ is ty*i!""y 'i"b"e+
Fhte'e& the !!u&!y o# "od $d !*!ity estimtes. the *"$$e& must sti"" m1e
some d8ustme$ts+ Eithe& "od !$ be !h$%ed to mt!h !*!ity. !*!ity !$ be
!h$%ed to mt!h "od. o&. mo&e !ommo$"y. !ombi$tio$ o# the t,o+ Gi'e$ the
d'$t%es o# mi$ti$i$% stb"e ,o&1 #o&!e $d 'oidi$% #&e=ue$t !h$%es. the
*&e#e&e$!e is o#te$ #o& d8usti$% "od+ Ho,e'e&. tht ,i"" $ot be the !se ,he$ the&e &e
*&essu&es to meet s!hedu"ed mi"esto$es o& e$d dtes+
Lod !$ be !h$%ed to mt!h !*!ity by &et&di$% o& !!e"e&ti$% ,o&1 #"o,+
C*!ity !$ be !h$%ed to mt!h "od by &edu!i$% o& i$!&esi$% &esou&!es+ Pu""i$% he"*s
b"$!e "od to !*!ity be!use the PU !$ &e=uest ,ht it $eeds $d i$ the $eeded
mou$ts+
;.<.< THE LAST PLANNER SCSTEM AS A WHOLE
Lst P"$$e& dds *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" !om*o$e$t to the t&ditio$" *&o8e!t m$%eme$t
system+ As sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e 6+H. Lst P"$$e& !$ be u$de&stood s me!h$ism #o&
t&$s#o&mi$% ,ht SHOULD be do$e i$to ,ht CAN be do$e. thus #o&mi$% $ i$'e$to&y
o# &edy ,o&1. #&om ,hi!h Fee1"y Fo&1 P"$s !$ be #o&med+ I$!"udi$% ssi%$me$ts o$
Fee1"y Fo&1 P"$s is !ommitme$t by the Lst P"$$e&s 5#o&eme$. s=ud bosses9 to
,ht they !tu""y FILL do+
Planning the
Work
Last Planner
Process
Production
&i"ure ?%D
Project
Ojective
!n"or#ation $%O&LD
CA' W!LL
(esources D!D
#he Last Planner *ystem
;.G A B#)e+ H)(to#5 o+ t,e L!(t P"!nne# S5(te$ o+ P#o/ct)on Cont#o"
The #u$!tio$s o# *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t systems &e *"$$i$% $d !o$t&o"+ P"$$i$%
estb"ishes %o"s $d desi&ed se=ue$!e o# e'e$ts #o& !hie'i$% %o"s+ Co$t&o" !uses
e'e$ts to **&o/imte the desi&ed se=ue$!e. i$itites &e*"$$i$% ,he$ the estb"ished
se=ue$!e is eithe& $o "o$%e& #esib"e o& $o "o$%e& desi&b"e. $d i$itites "e&$i$% ,he$
e'e$ts #i" to !o$#o&m to *"$ 5B""&d. >AAE9+ Fhe$ e$'i&o$me$ts &e dy$mi! $d the
*&odu!tio$ system is u$!e&ti$ $d '&ib"e. &e"ib"e *"$$i$% !$$ot be *e&#o&med i$
deti" mu!h be#o&e the e'e$ts bei$% *"$$ed+ Co$se=ue$t"y. de!idi$% ,ht $d ho, mu!h
,o&1 is to be do$e $e/t by desi%$ s=ud o& !o$st&u!tio$ !&e, is &&e"y mtte& o#
sim*"y #o""o,i$% mste& s!hedu"e estb"ished t the be%i$$i$% o# the *&o8e!t+ Ho, &e
su!h de!isio$s mde $d !$ they be mde bette&G These =uestio$s ,e&e the d&i'e&s o#
i$iti" &ese&!h i$ the &e o# *&odu!tio$ u$it "e'e" *"$$i$% $d !o$t&o" u$de& the tit"e o#
the BLst P"$$e& SystemC. summ&y &e*o&t o# ,hi!h is i$!"uded i$ B""&d $d Ho,e""
5>AA?9+
A 1ey e&"y #i$di$% ,s tht o$"y bout h"# o# the ssi%$me$ts mde to !o$st&u!tio$
!&e,s t the be%i$$i$% o# ,ee1 ,e&e !om*"eted ,he$ *"$$ed+ E/*e&ime$ts ,e&e
*e&#o&med to test the hy*othesis tht #i"u&es ,e&e i$ "&%e *&t &esu"t o# "!1 o#
de=ute ,o&1 se"e!tio$ &u"es 5these mi%ht "so be !""ed ,o&1 &e"ese &u"es9+ Iu"ity
!&ite&i ,e&e *&o*osed #o& ssi%$me$ts &e%&di$% de#i$itio$. se=ue$!e. sou$d$ess. $d
si:e+ I$ dditio$. the *e&!e$t%e o# ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted ,s t&!1ed 5PPC- *e&!e$t
*"$ !om*"ete9 $d &eso$s #o& $o$!om*"etio$ ,e&e ide$ti#ied. ,hi!h mou$ted to
&e=ui&eme$t tht "e&$i$% be i$!o&*o&ted i$ the !o$t&o" *&o!ess+
De#i$itio $- A&e ssi%$me$ts s*e!i#i! e$ou%h tht the &i%ht ty*e $d mou$t o#
mte&i"s !$ be !o""e!ted. ,o&1 !$ be !oo&di$ted ,ith othe& t&des. $d
it is *ossib"e to te"" t the e$d o# the ,ee1 i# the ssi%$me$t ,s !om*"etedG
Sou$d$ess- A&e "" ssi%$me$ts sou$d. tht is- A&e "" mte&i"s o$ h$dG Is
desi%$ !om*"eteG Is *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 !om*"eteG Note- Du&i$% the *"$
,ee1. the #o&em$ ,i"" h'e dditio$" ts1s to *e&#o&m i$ o&de& to m1e
ssi%$me$ts &edy to be e/e!uted. e+%+. !oo&di$tio$ ,ith t&des ,o&1i$% i$
the sme &e. mo'eme$t o# mte&i"s to the *oi$t o# i$st""tio$. et!+
Ho,e'e&. the i$te$t is to do ,hte'e& !$ be do$e to %et the ,o&1 &edy
be#o&e the ,ee1 i$ ,hi!h it is to be do$e+
Se=ue$! e- A&e ssi%$me$ts se"e!ted #&om those tht &e sou$d i$ the
!o$st&u!tbi"ity o&de& $eeded by the *&odu!tio$ u$it itse"# $d i$ the o&de&
$eeded by !ustome& *&o!essesG A&e dditio$". "o,e& *&io&ity ssi%$me$ts
ide$ti#ied s ,o&1b"e b!1"o%. i+e+. dditio$" =u"ity ts1s 'i"b"e i$ !se
ssi%$me$ts #i" o& *&odu!ti'ity e/!eeds e/*e!ttio$sG
Si: e- A&e ssi%$me$ts si:ed to the *&odu!ti'e !*bi"ity o# e!h !&e, o&
sub!&e,. ,hi"e sti"" bei$% !hie'b"e ,ithi$ the *"$ *e&iodG Does the
ssi%$me$t *&odu!e ,o&1 #o& the $e/t *&odu!tio$ u$it i$ the si:e $d
#o&mt &e=ui&edG
Le&$i$ %- A&e ssi%$me$ts tht &e $ot !om*"eted ,ithi$ the ,ee1 t&!1ed $d
&eso$s ide$ti#iedG
As &esu"t o# **"yi$% these !&ite&i. *"$ &e"ibi"ity 5the *e&!e$t%e o#
ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted9 i$!&esed. $d ,ith it. !&e, *&odu!ti'ity "so i$!&esed 5B""&d
$d Ho,e"".
>AA?9
>H
+
The use o# e/*"i!it ,o&1 se"e!tio$ &u"es $d =u"ity !&ite&i #o& ssi%$me$ts ,s
te&med Bshie"di$% *&odu!tio$ #&om u*st&em u$!e&ti$ty $d '&itio$+C 5B""&d $d
Ho,e"" >AAD9 Su!h shie"di$% ssu&es to "&%e de%&ee tht *&odu!ti'e !*!ity is $ot
,sted ,iti$% #o& o& "oo1i$% #o& mte&i"s $d su!h+ Ho,e'e&. be!use o# its sho&t te&m
$tu&e. shie"di$% !$$ot 'oid u$de&"odi$% &esou&!es ,he$ ,o&1 #"o, is out o#
se=ue$!e o& i$su##i!ie$t i$ =u$tity+ Fu&the&. &eso$s #o& #i"i$% to !om*"ete *"$$ed
ssi%$me$ts ,e&e domi$ted i$ most !ses by mte&i"s0&e"ted *&ob"ems+ Co$se=ue$t"y.
se!o$d e"eme$t o# the Lst P"$$e& System ,s !&eted u*st&em o# ,ee1"y ,o&1
*"$$i$% to !o$t&o" ,o&1 #"o, $d to m1e ssi%$me$ts &edy by *&o!ti'e"y !=ui&i$%
the mte&i"s $d desi%$ i$#o&mtio$ $eeded. $d by e/*editi$% $d mo$ito&i$% the
!om*"etio$ o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 5B""&d. >AA?9+
The too" #o& ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" ,s "oo1hed s!hedu"es+ The !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y
!ommo$"y uses "oo1hed s!hedu"es to #o!us su*e&'iso&sM tte$tio$ o$ ,ht ,o&1 is
su**osed to be do$e i$ the $e& #utu&e+ E/*e&ime$ts i$ ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" ,e&e
*e&#o&med usi$% "oo1hed s!hedu"es i$ 'e&y di##e&e$t ,y th$ hd bee$ t&ditio$"+ A
>H
O$ the ,ho"e. im*&o'eme$ts te$ded to be #&om PPC "e'e"s &ou$d 7)@ to the H70?)@ "e'e". ,ith
!o&&es*o$di$% i$!&ese o# 6)@ i$ *&odu!ti'ity+ P&odu!ti'ity im*&o'eme$t hs &$%ed #&om >)@ to
D)@X+ It is hy*othesi:ed tht these di##e&e$!es &esu"t #&om di##e&e$t i$iti" &esou&!e uti"i:tio$
"e'e"s+ Fo& e/m*"e. i# i$iti" uti"i:tio$ is 7)@. !o&&es*o$di$% to PPC o# 7)@. the$ i$!&esi$%
PPC to ?)@ is mt!hed ,ith $ i$!&ese i$ uti"i:tio$ to H7@. ,hi!h mou$ts to 6)@
im*&o'eme$t i$ *&odu!ti'ity+
set o# &u"es ,s *&o*osed #o& ""o,i$% s!hedu"ed !ti'ities to &emi$ o& e$te& i$to e!h
o# the th&ee *&im&y hie&&!hi!" "e'e"s o# the s!hedu"i$% system-
Ru"e >- A""o, s!hedu"ed !ti'ities to &emi$ i$ the mste& s!hedu"e u$"ess *ositi'e 1$o,"ed%e
e/ists tht the !ti'ity shou"d $ot o& !$$ot be e/e!uted ,he$ s!hedu"ed+
Ru"e (- A""o, s!hedu"ed !ti'ities to &emi$ i$ the "oo1hed ,i$do, o$"y i# the *"$$e& is
!o$#ide$t tht the !ti'ity !$ be mde &edy #o& e/e!utio$ ,he$ s!hedu"ed+
Ru"e 6- A""o, s!hedu"ed !ti'ities to be &e"esed #o& se"e!tio$ i$to ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s o$"y i# ""
!o$st&i$ts h'e bee$ &emo'ed< i+e+. o$"y i# the !ti'ity hs i$ #!t bee$ mde &edy+
I$ dditio$. set o# ob8e!ti'es ,s *&o*osed #o& the "oo1hed *&o!ess-
Sh*e ,o&1 #"o, se=ue$!e $d &te
Mt!h ,o&1 #"o, $d !*!ity
De!om*ose mste& s!hedu"e !ti'ities i$to ,o&1 *!1%es $d o*e&tio$s
De'e"o* deti"ed methods #o& e/e!uti$% ,o&1
Mi$ti$ b!1"o% o# &edy ,o&1
Loo1hed ,i$do,s &e st&u!tu&ed su!h tht ,ee1 > is $e/t ,ee1. the ,ee1 #o& ,hi!h
,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ is bei$% *&odu!ed+ Fee1 ( is t,o ,ee1s i$ the #utu&e+ Fee1 6 is th&ee
,ee1s i$ the #utu&e. $d so o$+ E&"y dt i$di!ted tht *"$s s !"ose to s!hedu"ed
e/e!utio$ s Fee1 ( o$"y !o$ti$ed bout h"# the ssi%$me$ts tht "te& **e&ed o$ the
,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s #o& tht ,ee1+ Fee1 6Ms *e&!e$t%e ,s o$"y D)@ 5B""&d. >AA?9+
Fi"u&es to $ti!i*te ssi%$me$ts **e& to &esu"t i$ "&%e *&t #&om "!1 o# deti"ed
o*e&tio$s desi%$ $d !o$se=ue$t"y !ou"d be &emedied by i$!o&*o&ti$% deti"ed
o*e&tio$s desi%$ i$to the "oo1hed *&o!ess 5see &irst Aun *tudies i$ the G"oss&y o#
Te&ms9+%
Fhi"e some o*e&tio$s desi%$ !$ be *e&#o&med o$!e the ty*e o# o*e&tio$ $d its
%e$e&" !o$ditio$s &e 1$o,$. deti"ed desi%$ 5!e&ti$"y o# !o$st&u!tio$ o*e&tio$s9
!$$ot be do$e u$ti" !e&ti$ dditio$" i$#o&mtio$ is 'i"b"e< i+e+. i$#o&mtio$
&e%&di$% mte&i" st%i$% &es. d8!e$t t&des. !om*eti$% !"ims o$ sh&ed &esou&!es.
,hi!h i$di'idu"s ,i"" be ssi%$ed to the ,o&1. et!+ Co$se=ue$t"y. deti"ed o*e&tio$s
desi%$ shou"d be *e&#o&med ,ithi$ the "oo1hed ,i$do,. !"ose i$ time to the s!hedu"ed
st&t o# the o*e&tio$+ It is *&o'isio$""y ssumed tht this timi$% &e=ui&eme$t **"ies "so
to desi%$ !ti'ities. but this ,i"" be sub8e!t to &ese&!h #i$di$%s+
;.H P#e')o( App")c!t)on( o+ t,e L!(t P"!nne# S5(te$ to De()0n
P&e'ious to the &ese&!h &e*o&ted i$ this disse&ttio$. the Lst P"$$e& System hd $ot
bee$ **"ied i$ #u"" to desi%$ *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"+ Ho,e'e&. e"eme$ts o# the Lst P"$$e&
System h'e *&e'ious"y bee$ **"ied to the m$%eme$t o# *&odu!tio$ du&i$% the desi%$
*hse o# *&o8e!ts+ 2os1e" et " 5>AA?9 &e*o&t tht the t&ditio$" method o# desi%$
m$%eme$t o$ thei& test *&o8e!t ,s i$!*b"e o# *&odu!i$% =u"ity ssi%$me$ts. $d
des!&ibed the t&ditio$" method s #o""o,s-
-, drawin" due date schedule. and a summary drawin" circulation list form the
basis of desi"n mana"ement% #here are desi"n meetin"s every two wee)s or so.
where a contractor representative Bsite mana"er) acts as the chairman% #he
contractor may also or"ani2e meetin"s to address specific problems between desi"n
disciplines%
#hus. the primary control set is to reach the drawin" due dates% Enstead the order or
timin" of individual desi"n tas)s is not scheduled. but are left for self+mana"ement
by the desi"n team% En practice. the desi"n tas)s to be eFecuted or input information
needed are discussed in the wee)ly desi"n meetin"s% owever. this procedure is not
perfect% #here is no effective follow+up of decided action. and only a part of output
due is often available% Et seems that often parties come unprepared to the meetin"%
<esi"n decisions are often made in improvi2ed style. and decisions ta)en are not
always remembered in neFt meetin"s%4 5*+ A9
Amo$% the im*&o'eme$t !tio$s t1e$ ,s *&o%&essi'e deti"i$% o# the s!hedu"e 5i$ o$e
mo$th !hu$1s9. do!ume$ttio$ o# i$*ut i$#o&mtio$ $eeds &e*o&ted i$ desi%$ meeti$%s.
e/*"i!it !ommitme$t o# desi%$ su*e&'iso&s to ts1s i$ the $e/t #e, ,ee1s. mo$ito&i$% o#
N
%
-
.
e
r

o
,

$
2
s
k
s
ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted. $d ide$ti#i!tio$ o# &eso$s #o& $o$!om*"etio$+ As &esu"t.
PPC soo$ &ose to the ?)@ "e'e"+ 5The $e%ti'e di* i$ desi%$ meeti$%s PS2Q >)0>(
&esu"ted #&om m8o& desi%$ !h$%e+9 The desi%$ time #o& the bui"di$% ,s 6)@ u$de&
the st$d&d time #o& the ty*e o# bui"di$% $d *&ti!i*$ts &ted the method #'o&b"y. s
sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e 6+?+
Mi"es 5>AAE9 &e*o&ts mo&e !om*"ete $d e/te$si'e im*"eme$ttio$ o# the Lst
P"$$e& System. ,hi!h i$!"uded the "oo1hed *&o!ess+ O'e&"" PPC 'e&%ed &ou$d
?7@. desi%$ ,s !om*"eted **&o/imte"y >)@ e&"ie& th$ $ti!i*ted. $d desi%$ !osts
,e&e &edu!ed by ?@+ The &ese&!h "so &e*"i!ted i$ desi%$ e&"ie& #i$di$%s i$
!o$st&u!tio$ 5Ho,e"". >AAH9 &e%&di$% the *&e'"e$!e o# *"$ =u"ity #i"u&es+ They
#ou$d tht #i"u&es to !om*"ete ssi%$me$ts ,e&e di'ided i$ &tio o# ( to > bet,ee$
i$te&$" im*!ts they *ote$ti""y !ou"d !o$t&o" $d e/te&$" im*!ts o'e& ,hi!h they hd
"itt"e o& $o !o$t&o"+
F)0#e ;.J
100 <
=0 <
80 <
>0 <
?0 <
@0 <
40 <
30 <
20 <
10 <
0 <
()AL!*A+!O' , O- A$$!.')D D)$!.' +A$/$
80
>0
?0
@0
PP: 40
N%-.er o, $2sks
30
20
10
0
SA SA SA
3 4 @
SA SA SA SA
? > 8 =
SA SA SA SA
10 11 12 13
SA SA SA
14 1@ 1?
BTT C%i3ding Tec4no3og6 1==>7 BPT
PPC B8os)ela et al. $GG7)
&i"ure ?%H
2
2700
17@0
1700
07@0
0700
807@0
81700
817@0
82700
+%es$ion 1
+%es$ion 2
+%es$ion 3
+%es$ion 4
+%es$ion @
#he avera"e replies. on a
scale of +2 to 2. to the
;uestions :
$% Was the availability of
input data improved?
2% Was the decision
ma)in" in desi"n process
improved?
?% <id the method yield
benefits?
@% Was it laborious to
wor) accordin" to the
method?
B TT C%i3ding Tec4no3og6 1==>7 BPT
Participant *urvey B8os)ela et al. $GG7)
C% *hould the method be
used in the neFt pro6ect?
;.J E'!"!t)on o+ L!(t P"!nne# !0!)n(t C#)te#)! +o# P#o/ct)on Cont#o"
S5(te$(
The !&ite&i *&o*osed i$ the *&e'ious !h*te& ,e&e-
'ariability is miti"ated and remainin" variability mana"ed%
,ssi"nments are sound re"ardin" their prere;uisites%
#he reali2ation of assi"nments is measured and monitored%
Causes for failin" to complete planned wor) are investi"ated and those causes are removed%
, buffer of sound assi"nments is maintained for each crew or production unit%
#he prere;uisites of upcomin" assi"nments are actively made ready%
#he traditional schedule+push system is supplemented with pull techni;ues%
<esi"n production control facilitates wor) flow and value "eneration%
#he pro6ect is conceived as a temporary production system%
<ecision ma)in" is distributed in desi"n production control systems%
<esi"n production contro resists the tendency toward local suboptimi2ation%
Tht the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" !o$#o&ms to these !&ite&i $d
*&i$!i*"es shou"d be **&e$t+ It is e/*"i!it"y dedi!ted to the &edu!tio$ $d m$%eme$t
o# '&ibi"ity+ O$e o# the =u"ity !&ite&i #o& ssi%$me$ts is sou$d$ess+ PPC mesu&eme$t
is !e$t&"+ Reso$s #o& *"$ #i"u&e &e t&!1ed $d $"y:ed+ The "oo1hed *&o!ess hs
the e/*"i!it *u&*ose o# mi$ti$i$% bu##e& o# sou$d ts1s $d "so !ti'e"y
m1es
s!hedu"ed ts1s sou$d $d #!i"ittes ,o&1 #"o, $d '"ue %e$e&tio$+ Pu""i$% is e'ide$t
both i$ the ssi%$me$t =u"ity !&ite&i $d i$ the m1e &edy #u$!tio$ ,ithi$ the
"oo1hed *&o!ess+ The #&me,o&1 #o& Lst P"$$e& is the !o$!e*tio$ o# *&o8e!ts s
tem*o&&y *&odu!tio$ systems+ Dist&ibuted de!isio$ m1i$% is e'ide$t i$ the &e=ui&eme$t
tht o$"y =u"ity ssi%$me$ts be !!e*ted $d "so i$ the ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" de!isio$s to
be mde ,ithi$ the "oo1hed *&o!ess+ A$d. #i$""y. Lst P"$$e& &esists the te$de$!y
to,&d "o!" subo*timi:tio$ i$ its **"i!tio$ o# the !&ite&io$ ;se=ue$!i$%;. **"ied both
i$ "oo1hed *"$$i$% $d to ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ ssi%$me$ts+
;.I Re(e!#c, >e(t)on(
This $e, *&odu!tio$ *"$$i$% $d m$%eme$t method hs bee$ i$ de'e"o*me$t
si$!e
>AA( 5B""&d U Ho,e"" >AA?9+ It hs bee$ su!!ess#u""y used i$ se&ies o# *&o8e!ts
&$%i$% #&om oi" &e#i$e&ies to !omme&!i" bui"di$% !o$st&u!tio$+ Hithe&to it hs bee$
used *&im&i"y i$ site !o$st&u!tio$. &the& th$ i$ desi%$ $d e$%i$ee&i$% $d its
im*"eme$ttio$ hs %e$e&""y &esu"ted i$ $ im*&o'eme$t o# ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity. s
mesu&ed by *e&!e$t *"$ !om*"ete. to H70?)@ PPC+ The =uestio$s d&i'i$% this &ese&!h
&e- >9 What can be done by way of tools provided and improved implementation of the
Last Planner system of production control to increase plan reliability above the 70%
PPC level? 2) ow!Can Last Planner be successfully applied to increase plan
reliability durin" desi"n processes ?
It is i$tuiti'e"y ob'ious tht m1i$% ,o&1 #"o, mo&e &e"ib"e 5*&edi!tb"e9 !$ &edu!e
the !ost o& du&tio$ o# the tot" *&o8e!t+ Fhe$ the $ume&ous s*e!i"ists !$ &e"y o$
de"i'e&y o# !"!u"tio$s. d&,i$%s. mte&i"s. $d *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 #&om othe&
s*e!i"ists. both ,ithi$ $d outside the *&o8e!t tem. they &e bette& b"e to *"$ thei&
o,$ ,o&1. $d bette& *"$$i$% yie"ds bette& *e&#o&m$!e+ A"" e"se bei$% e=u". ,ith
%&ete& #"o, &e"ibi"ity shou"d !ome mo&e e##i!ie$t *&odu!tio$. "ess ,sted e##o&t $d
&e,o&1. $d bette& mt!hi$% o# &esou&!es to ts1s+ E'e$ *&ti" $d "imited
im*&o'eme$ts i$ ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity h'e demo$st&ted s!hedu"e $d !ost
im*&o'eme$ts 52os1e" et "+. >AA? $d Mi"es. >AAE9+
It is "so **&e$t tht !o$st&u!tio$ be$e#its #&om %&ete& &e"ibi"ity i$ the #"o, to the
!o$st&u!tio$ site o# i$#o&mtio$ $d mte&i"s+ The im*!t o# mo&e &e"ib"e #"o, o# desi%$
i$#o&mtio$ o$ *&o8e!t !ost $d du&tio$ is mu!h %&ete& i$ the !o$st&u!tio$ *hse o#
*&o8e!ts th$ i$ desi%$+ Fhe$ !o$st&u!to&s !$ t1e !tio$ i$ d'$!e o# &e!ei'i$% desi%$
i$#o&mtio$ tht !oo&di$tes the #"o, o# "bo& $d e=ui*me$t. mte&i" de"i'e&ies. $d
!om*"etio$ o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1. the *&o8e!t &u$s mo&e smooth"y $d e##i!ie$t"y+ Fe
h'e $ume&ous i$st$!es #&om !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!esses sho,i$% the be$e#its o# i$!&esi$%
mte&i" $d i$#o&mtio$ #"o, &e"ibi"ity e'e$ ,ithi$ the 8ob site itse"# 5B""&d. et ".
>AAH< B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?9+
Co$se=ue$t"y. it is **&o*&ite to #o!us the &ese&!h =uestio$ o$ im*&o'i$% ,o&1 #"o,
&e"ibi"ity. ,ith !o$#ide$!e tht im*&o'i$% &e"ibi"ity is be$e#i!i" to *&o8e!t *e&#o&m$!e+
Subse=ue$t &ese&!h my see1 to &e#i$e $d =u$ti#y these !us" &e"tio$shi*s. but the
!u&&e$t &ese&!h $eeded is to estb"ish mo&e e##e!ti'e methods #o& *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" i$
%e$e&" $d to e/te$d *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" te!h$i=ues to desi%$+
CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH METHODOLOGC
<.1 Int#o/ct)on
This thesis is bout e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t. $ot bout e*istemo"o%y+ Ho,e'e&. some
e*istemo"o%i!" ssum*tio$s "ie behi$d $y ttem*t to dd to 1$o,"ed%e. i$ ,hte'e&
#ie"d+ M1i$% those ssum*tio$s e/*"i!it ""o,s the &ede& to bette& u$de&st$d $d
ssess !"ims $d i$#e&e$!es+ The *u&*ose o# this i$t&odu!tio$ is to !"&i#y
e*istemo"o%i!" ssum*tio$s+ Th&ee issues ,i"" be dd&essed- >9 To ,ht #ie"d o#
1$o,"ed%e is this thesis *&o*osi$% to !o$t&ibuteG (9 Di##i!u"ties sso!ited ,ith
!om*eti$% *&di%ms i$ the #ie"d+ 69 The &ese&!h st&te%y $d methods used i$ this
thesis+
<.1.1 ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AS A FIELD OF STUDC
The to*i! o# this thesis is e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t. ,hi!h is ssumed to be"o$% to the
%e$e&" #ie"d o# te!h$o"o%y &the& th$ s!ie$!e+ Roo:e$bu&% $d Ee!1e"s *&o*ose tht
te!h$o"o%y $d s!ie$!e *u&sue di##e&e$t %o"s th&ou%h di##e&e$t *&o!esses o&
methodo"o%ies 5Roo:e$bu&% $d Ee!1e"s. >AA7. **+ 6(0679+ S!ie$!e *u&sues 1$o,"ed%e
!=uisitio$. ,hi"e Bte!h$o"o%y0the desi%$. m1i$%. $d usi$% o# &ti#!ts0is
systemti:ed #o&m o# !tio$+C Both !$ be *u&sued methodi!""y+ Fo& both. !e&ti$ &u"es
h'e bee$ de'e"o*ed. the obse&'$!e o# ,hi!h is su**osed to BR!o$t&ibute to e##i!ie$t
*e&#o&m$!e o# the !ti'ity i$'o"'ed+C Both *&o!esses i$'o"'e &eso$i$%+ Fhi!h
!o$ditio$s shou"d these t,o di##e&e$t &eso$i$% *&o!esses meet. so they !$ !"im
&e"ibi"ity. me$i$% tht the !o$!"usio$s to ,hi!h they "ed &e !o&&e!t o& t&ueG The
!&ite&io$ #o& &e"ibi"ity o# s!ie$ti#i! &eso$i$% is the t&uth o# the &esu"ti$% stteme$ts+ The
!&ite&io$ #o& &e"ibi"ity o# te!h$o"o%i!" &eso$i$% is the e##e!ti'e$ess o# the
!tio$
*&o!ess. bsed o$ tht &eso$i$%+ O# !ou&se ,e my *ose Ls!ie$ti#i! =uestio$M bout
te!h$o"o%i!" !"im- LIs it i$deed t&ue tht the *&o*osed !tio$ ,i"" be e##e!ti'eGM Tht is
*&e!ise"y the ty*e o# =uestio$ *osed i$ this thesis+ LIs it t&ue tht im*"eme$ti$% s*e!i#i!
set o# *o"i!ies $d te!h$i=ues !o""e!ti'e"y !""ed Bthe Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$
!o$t&o"C im*&o'es the &e"ibi"ity o# ,o&1 #"o,GM
Gi'e$ this Ls!ie$ti#i!M =uestio$ bout te!h$o"o%i!" mtte&. ,ht methodo"o%i!"
&u"es &e **&o*&iteG Fht 1i$d o# dt is $eeded to $s,e& the =uestio$ $d ,ht 1i$d
o# i$#e&e$!es !$ ,e e/*e!t to m1e #&om su!h dtG M$y e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t
theses *ose !"ims bout some s*e!t o# e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t !tio$. use su&'eys to
!o""e!t dt &e%&di$% sme. the$ **"y sttisti!" $"yses to test the de=u!y o# thei&
!"im+ This methodo"o%y ,o&1s #&om sm*"e o# *o*u"tio$ to !"ims bout the
*o*u"tio$ itse"# by sttisti!" %e$e&"i:tio$+ LI# ?A@ o# >7> membe& sm*"e &e*o&t tht
they i$!"ude s#ety &e!o&ds i$ thei& *&e=u"i#i!tio$ o# !o$t&!to&s. ,ht %e$e&"i:tio$
!$ I m1e &e%&di$% "" membe&s o# the *o*u"tio$ tht *&e=u"i#ies !o$t&!to&sGM Ru"es
o# sttisti!" %e$e&"i:tio$ e/ist #o& $s,e&i$% su!h =uestio$s+
Ho,e'e&. sttisti!" %e$e&"i:tio$ #&om sm*"e to *o*u"tio$ is $ **&o*&ite
methodo"o%y i$ the #ie"d o# e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t o$"y i# o$e is i$te&ested i$ testi$%
!"ims bout !u&&e$t beh'io&+ I# the ob8e!ti'e is to i$t&odu!e $e, *o"i!ies $d beh'io&s
,ith the i$te$t o# im*&o'i$% e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t *&!ti!e. di##e&e$t ty*e o#
methodo"o%y is $eeded+ The ,o&"d o# e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t *&!ti!e my ,e"" be 'oid
o# *&!titio$e&s #o""o,i$% the *&o*osed $e, *o"i!ies $d te!h$i=ues. so the&e is $o
sm*"e to t1e+ The =uestio$ is $ot LHo, m$y *eo*"e em*"oy the Lst P"$$e& system
$d ,ith ,ht e##e!tGM FhtMs $eeded is ty*e o# e/*e&ime$t &the& th$ su&'ey
>?
+ The
&e"e'$t =uestio$ hs the #o&m LFi"" the desi&ed !o$se=ue$!es &esu"t #&om t1i$% the
*&o*osed !tio$GM
Fht ty*e o# Le/*e&ime$tM is $eeded to *u&sue the &ese&!h =uestio$s- >9 Fht !$
be do$e by ,y o# too"s *&o'ided $d im*&o'ed im*"eme$ttio$ o# the Lst P"$$e&
system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" to i$!&ese *"$ &e"ibi"ity s mesu&ed by Pe&!e$t P"$
Com*"eteG (9 Ho,JC$ Lst P"$$e& be su!!ess#u""y **"ied to i$!&ese *"$ &e"ibi"ity
du&i$% desi%$ *&o!esses? As is sid i$ the Sttes. Be/*e&ime$tC is "oded te&m+
S!ho"&s di##e&e$tite bet,ee$ so0!""ed Lt&ueM e/*e&ime$ts $d =usi0e/*e&ime$ts
5Cm*be"" $d St$"ey. >AHH9+ Some *&o*ose tht !se studies be !o$!ei'ed s ty*e o#
e/*e&ime$t. h'i$% simi"& methodo"o%i!" &u"es 5Yi$. >AAD9+ No *ositio$ is t1e$ he&e
&e%&di$% these mtte&s e/!e*t tht some ty*e o# e/*e&ime$t is the **&o*&ite
methodo"o%y #o& the ty*e o# &ese&!h =uestio$ *osed s disti$!t #&om su&'ey o# !u&&e$t
*&!ti!e+ LE/*e&ime$tM is !o$!ei'ed i$ *&!ti!" te&ms to me$ !ti$% i$ the ,o&"d ,ith $
i$te$ded e##e!t+ As ,ith "" e/*e&ime$ts. the &ese&!he& must be o*e$ to "e&$i$% mo&e o&
di##e&e$t thi$%s th$ e/*e!ted+ As ,ith "" e/*e&ime$ts. %e$e&"i:tio$ #&om #i$di$%s is
*&ob"emti!+
E/*e&ime$ts do$Mt *&o'e !o$!"usio$s i$ the se$se o# "o%i!" dedu!tio$ e'e$ i$ the
#ie"d o# $tu&" s!ie$!e+ E/*e&ime$t" &eso$i$% is ty*e o# &edu!ti'e &eso$i$% #&om
*&ti!u"& to %e$e&" =uite u$"i1e eithe& #o&m" "o%i!" &eso$i$% o& sttisti!"
%e$e&"i:tio$+ E'e&ythi$% de*e$ds o$ the s*e!i#i!s o# %i'e$ situtio$s+ Fht &e the
>?
Su&'eys my be used i$ !o$8u$!tio$ ,ith $ e/*e&ime$t o& !se study de'oted to
im*"eme$ttio$ o# *o"i!y+ Fo& e/m*"e. o$e !ou"d su&'ey *&ti!i*$ts #o& o*i$io$s
&e%&di$% the e##e!ti'e$ess o# the *o"i!y+ The *oi$t he&e is tht su&'ey !$$ot be the
*&i$!i*" o& *&im&y &ese&!h st&te%y #o& !o$du!ti$% *o"i!y e'"utio$+
&e"e'$t '&ib"es $d to ,ht e/te$t !$ they be !o$t&o""edG Some e/*e&ime$ts i$
$tu&" s!ie$!e !$ **&o/imte"y iso"te o$e 5set o#9 '&ib"e5s9 #&om othe&s $d so
&%ue mo&e *e&susi'e"y tht Lthi$%s do$Mt bu&$ i$ the bse$!e o# o/y%e$+M Ho,e'e&.
e'e$ tht e/t&eme ty*e o# &%ume$t de*e$ds esse$ti""y o$ the !ohesio$ $d !o$siste$!y
o# theo&ies+ As "o$% s the *h"o%isto$ theo&y he"d s,y. o/y%e$ ,s i$'isib"e to the
mi$dMs eye 52uh$. >AH(9+ Ge$e&"i:tio$ #&om e/*e&ime$ts is #u$dme$t""y mtte& o#
te""i$% %ood sto&y< i+e+. h'i$% %ood theo&y+
<.1.: COMPETING ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PARADIGMS
A!!o&di$% to Thoms 2uh$. i$ his #he *tructure of *cientific Aevolutions 5>AH(9.
theo&ies eme&%e #&om *&di%ms. ,hi!h &e #u$dme$t" *&o*ositio$s $d ssum*tio$s
bout the sub8e!t mtte& tht te$d to &emi$ im*"i!it e/!e*t i$ *e&iods ,he$ *&di%ms
!h$%e+ It !ou"d be &%ued tht e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t is !u&&e$t"y i$ 8ust su!h *e&iod
o# *&di%m shi#t+ I$ su!h *e&iods. !ommu$i!tio$ be!omes e'e$ mo&e *e&i"ous th$
$o&m" be!use the !ommu$ity o# &ese&!he&s $d *&!titio$e&s $o "o$%e& sh&e
!ommo$ "$%u%e $d *&esu**ositio$s+ The &ese&!h =uestio$ *osed i$ this thesis
be"o$%s to $ eme&%i$% e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t *&di%m. i$ !o$#"i!t ,ith the *&e'i"i$%
*&di%m+ Co$se=ue$t"y. !&e must be t1e$ "est the !h$%e i$ "$%u%e $d
*&esu**ositio$s hi$de& the &ede&+ Tht !$ best be do$e by m1i$% !h$%es i$ "$%u%e
$d *&esu**ositio$s e/*"i!it+ Re!o%$i:i$% tht *&di%m shi#ts &e *e&iods o# i$te""e!tu"
!o$#"i!t. it is $ot e/*e!ted tht "" &ede&s ,i"" !!e*t the *&o*osed !h$%es+
I$ the midst o# *&di%m shi#t. it is di##i!u"t $d *e&h*s im*ossib"e to !"e&"y
de"i$ete the bou$d&ies o# the o**osed !m*s+ The !o$#"i!t is itse"# *&odu!i$% tht
de"i$etio$. t the !o$!"usio$ o# ,hi!h the '$%uished dis**e&s i$to the s$ds o# time
$d the 'i!to& &ides #o&,&d to,&d its o,$ i$e'itb"e yet i$!om*&ehe$sib"e #utu&e
de#et+ No$ethe"ess. $ e##o&t is &e=ui&ed to !"&i#y L,he&e "" this is !omi$% #&om+M
The !o$#"i!t i$ e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t ,s *&ese$ted i$ Ch*te& T,o s $
o**ositio$ bet,ee$ those ,ho do*t the 'ie, o# *&odu!tio$ 5the desi%$ $d m1i$% o#
*hysi!" &ti#!ts9 s t&$s#o&mi$% o& !o$'e&ti$% i$*uts i$to out*uts $d those ,ho dd
the #"o, $d '"ue 'ie,s+ At #i&st %"$!e. this h&d"y **e&s to be"o$% i$ the sme "e%ue
s the shi#t #&om %eo!e$t&i! to he"io!e$t&i! !osmo"o%yT*e&h*s the most #mous
e/m*"e o# *&di%m shi#t+ No$ethe"ess. the shi#t #&om the !o$'e&sio$ to the #"o, $d
'"ue 'ie,s is e$o&mous"y im*o&t$t+ A *&ime e/m*"e is '&ibi"ity. ,hi!h is itse"#
'i&tu""y i$'isib"e #&om the !o$'e&sio$0o$"y 'ie,+ M$u#!tu&i$% hs t1e$ the "ed i$ the
de'e"o*me$t o# *&odu!tio$ theo&y. yet !!o&di$% to m$u#!tu&i$% theo&ists.
BR'&ibi"ity is $ot ,e"" u$de&stood i$ m$u#!tu&i$%R+C 5Ho** $d S*e&m$. >AAH.
*+ 6>>9 O$e !$ o$"y ssume tht '&ibi"ity is e'e$ "ess ,e"" u$de&stood i$ the AEC
i$dust&y. ,he&e it ,ou"d seem to be e'e$ mo&e $ issue+ F&om *u&e !o$'e&sio$ 'ie,.
'&ibi"ity is m$%ed *&im&i"y th&ou%h the *&o'isio$ o# s!hedu"e $d !ost !o$ti$%e$!ies
t the %"ob" "e'e" o# *&o8e!ts. but is $e%"e!ted i$ the st&u!tu&i$% o# ,o&1 #"o,s $d
o*e&tio$s+ O$!e !o$t&!ts &e "et. '&ibi"ity Lo##i!i""yM **e&s o$"y i$ the #o&m o#
#i"u&e to meet !o$t&!tu" ob"i%tio$s+
C"ose"y &e"ted to the !o$'e&sio$J#"o, disti$!tio$ is tht bet,ee$ *&o8e!t $d
*&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t+ P&o8e!t m$%eme$t !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues &e o&ie$ted to
the dete&mi$tio$ o# *&o8e!t ob8e!ti'es $d the me$s #o& !hie'i$% them 5*"$$i$%9. the$
to mo$ito&i$% *&o%&ess to,&d those ob8e!ti'es 5!o$t&o"9+ This is hi%h"y bst&!t
*e&s*e!ti'e. **&o*&ite to $y e$de'ou& tht is %o"0d&i'e$ $d time0"imited< i+e+. to
*&o8e!ts+ U$#o&tu$te"y. *&o8e!t m$%eme$t !o$!e*ts $d te!h$i=ues &e em*"oyed i$
ttem*ts to m$%e *&odu!tio$ *&o!esses tht t1e o$ *&o8e!t #o&m ,ithout &e%&d to the
s*e!i#i! $tu&e o# the *&o8e!ts $d *&odu!tio$ to be m$%ed+ This is the mo&e
u$#o&tu$te s m$y *&o8e!ts i$'o"'e *&odu!tio$< i+e+. desi%$i$% $d m1i$% thi$%s+
M$%eme$t o# *&odu!tio$ *&o8e!ts &e=ui&es the use o# *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t !o$!e*ts
$d te!h$i=ues. ,hi!h i$ tu&$ &e de&i'ti'e #&om the !o$'e&sio$J#"o,J'"ue 'ie,s+
Is '&ibi"ity i$ *&o!essi$% times. &&i'" &tes. e&&o&s. $d b&e1do,$s 'isib"e to
those !om#o&tb"e ,ith the *&o8e!t m$%eme$tJ!o$'e&sio$ *&di%mG Su!h mtte&s
mi%ht be !o$side&ed to be"o$% to Lme&eM *&odu!tio$< to be i$ the *&o'i$!e o# the
e$%i$ee&i$% o& !o$st&u!tio$ !&#ts &the& th$ mtte& #o& m$%eme$t+ Fo& su!h
&ede&s. the &ese&!h =uestio$s *osed i$ this thesis my ,e"" **e& eithe& t&i'i" o&
i&&e"e'$t+
<.: Re(e!#c, De()0n
<.:.1 RESEARCH >UESTION
P&io& to se"e!ti$% &ese&!h st&te%y. it is $e!ess&y to dete&mi$e the &ese&!h to*i!.
=uestio$. $d *u&*ose+ The to*i! o# this &ese&!h is e$%i$ee&i$% m$%eme$t< mo&e
s*e!i#i!""y. im*&o'i$% !o$t&o" o# desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!esses o$
&!hite!tu&"Je$%i$ee&i$%J!o$st&u!tio$ *&o8e!ts+ The =uestio$ s d&i'i$% this &ese&!h &e-
>9 >9 What can be done by way of tools provided and improved implementation of the
Last Planner system of production control to increase plan reliability above the 70%
PPC level? 2) ow!Can Last Planner be successfully applied to increase plan
reliability durin" desi"n processes
18
? The *u&*ose o# the &ese&!h is to e'"ute $d
im*&o'e the e##e!ti'e$ess o# this m$%e&i" *o"i!y $d *&!ti!e+
E'"utio$ is ty*e o# **"ied o& !tio$ &ese&!h 5M!Nei"". >AEA9. !o$!e&$ed ,ith
te!h$o"o%y i$ the b&od se$se< i+e+. %o"0o&ie$ted !tio$+ E'"utio$s ty*i!""y *u&sue
im*&o'eme$t o# the sub8e!t *o"i!y o& *&!ti!e i$ dditio$ to &ti$% e##e!ti'e$ess %i$st
ob8e!ti'es+ Sim*"e &ti$% is o#te$ mde mo&e di##i!u"t be!use o# !h$%es mde mid0
st&em i$ the *o"i!y o& *&!ti!e bei$% e'"uted+ O**o&tu$ity #o& im*&o'eme$t se"dom
,its o$ the desi&e #o& $ u$mbi%uous de#i$itio$ o# ,ht is to be e'"uted+ I$deed.
e'"utio$ $d im*&o'eme$t o#te$ b"u& to%ethe&. es*e!i""y ,he$ the &ese&!he& is
i$'o"'ed i$ the !&etio$ $d im*"eme$ttio$ o# the *o"i!ies $d *&!ti!es bei$%
im*"eme$ted $d e'"uted. s is the !se ,ith this &ese&!he& $d &ese&!h+ Some mi%ht
,o&&y bout $ i$'o"'ed &ese&!he&Ms ob8e!ti'ity+ O$ the othe& h$d. it my sim*"y
be tht te!h$o"o%i!" &ese&!h dem$ds $othe& !o$!e*t $d *&o!edu&e th$ tht o#
t&ditio$". #!t #i$di$% &ese&!h+
E'"utio$ does $ot #it $et"y ,ithi$ the !"ssi#i!tio$ o# t&ditio$" *u&*oses o#
e$=ui&y< i+e+. e/*"o&to&y. des!&i*ti'e. e/*"$to&y+ The !o$!e*tu" mode" #o&
te!h$o"o%i!" &ese&!h **e&s to h'e bee$ d&,$ #&om the $tu&" s!ie$!es. #o& ,hi!h
the 5immedite9 %o" is &the& to u$de&st$d th$ to !h$%e the ,o&"d+ Po"i!y e'"utio$
i$'o"'es e/*"o&tio$. des!&i*tio$. $d e/*"$tio$. but subo&di$tes those *u&*oses to
the o'e&&idi$% *u&*ose o# im*&o'i$% *&!ti!e+ No$ethe"ess. im*&o'i$% *&!ti!e &e=ui&es
u$de&st$di$% ,ht ,o&1s $d does $ot ,o&1. $d to s %&et $ e/te$t s *ossib"e.
u$de&st$di$% ,hy ,ht ,o&1s $d ,ht does $ot+ Co$se=ue$t"y. the *u&*ose o# this
>E
I$ this thesis. the te&m Bdesi%$C is used to desi%$te both desi%$ $d e$%i$ee&i$%
!ti'ities< $ot sh*i$% s*!e to estheti! !&ite&i+
&ese&!h i$!"udes dete&mi$i$% the e/te$t to ,hi!h the Lst P"$$e& system is e##e!ti'e
$d ,hy it is o& is $ot e##e!ti'e+
<.:.: RESEARCH STRATEGIES
The th&ee t&ditio$" &ese&!h st&te%ies &e e/*e&ime$t. su&'ey. $d !se study 5Robso$.
>AA6. *+D)9+ It hs *&e'ious"y bee$ &%ued i$ this !h*te& tht su&'ey st&te%y is
i$**&o*&ite #o& the =uestio$ *osed by this &ese&!h+ The &ese&!h st&te%ies tht !ou"d
*ossib"y "e$d themse"'es to i$'esti%tio$ o# this &ese&!h =uestio$ i$!"ude t&ue
e/*e&ime$ts. =usi0e/*e&ime$ts. $d !se studies+
T&ue e/*e&ime$ts &e=ui&e estb"ishi$% !o$t&o" %&ou* tht di##e&s i$ $o &e"e'$t ,y
#&om the e/*e&ime$t" %&ou*+ A t&ue e/*e&ime$t ,s $ot **&o*&ite be!use o# the
di##i!u"ty o# estb"ishi$% !o$t&o" %&ou* $d "!1 o# !o$t&o" o'e& e/t&$eous '&ib"es+
At #i&st %"$!e. it ,ou"d seem to be *ossib"e to use *&e0test. *ost0test. si$%"e %&ou*
desi%$. mesu&i$% #"o, &e"ibi"ity o# the sme %&ou* be#o&e $d #te& im*"eme$ttio$ o#
the Lst P"$$e& system+ This **&o!h hs se'e&" di##i!u"ties- >9 Fo&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity is
$ot $ e/*"i!it. mesu&ed ob8e!ti'e o# t&ditio$" *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" systems. so *&e0test
=u$titti'e dt is $ot 'i"b"e. $d (9 ou& bi"ity to %e$e&"i:e #&om the e/*e&ime$t"
&esu"ts is "imited by the *ossibi"ity tht those ,ho !hoose to t&y the Lst P"$$e& method
&e someho, di##e&e$t #&om those ,ho do $ot so !hoose+ The se!o$d di##i!u"ty !ou"d be
m$%ed by !o$ditio$i$% $d =u"i#yi$% the i$#e&e$!es d&,$ #&om the e/*e&ime$t+ The
#i&st di##i!u"ty. the "!1 o# =u$titti'e dt o$ #"o, &e"ibi"ity #o& the *&e0test. !ou"d be
h$d"ed by substituti$% sub8e!ti'e dt. i$ the #o&m o# i$te&'ie, &esu"ts+ Ho,e'e&. this is
!"e&"y $ i$#e&io& so"utio$. $d so *ushes the &ese&!he& to #i$d mo&e e##e!ti'e &ese&!h
st&te%y+
Iusi0e/*e&ime$t s &e BRe/*e&ime$ts ,ithout &$dom ssi%$me$t to t&etme$t $d
!om*&iso$ %&ou*s+C 5Cm*be"" $d St$"ey. >AHH. !ited i$ Robso$. >AA6. *+ AE9 They
dmitted"y s!&i#i!e some o# the &i%o& o# t&ue e/*e&ime$ts. but &e $o$ethe"ess
**&o*&ite #o& "&%e &$%e o# i$=ui&y. ,he&e t&ue e/*e&ime$ts &e im*ossib"e o&
i$**&o*&ite+ The 1ey issue &e%&di$% =usi0e/*e&ime$ts is ,ht i$#e&e$!es !$ be
d&,$+ It is *&o*osed tht i$#e&e$!es be 8usti#ied i$ te&ms o# study desi%$. the !o$te/t i$
,hi!h the study o!!u&s. $d the *tte&$ o# &esu"ts obti$ed 5Coo1 $d Cm*be"". >A?A9+
Fhi"e this st&te%y &es*o$ds to the di##i!u"ty o# %e$e&"i:bi"ity *osed bo'e. it sti""
"e'es us ,ithout *&e0test =u$titti'e dt o$ #"o, &e"ibi"ity i$ desi%$. $d
!o$se=ue$t"y. is $ot by itse"# $ de=ute st&te%y #o& *u&sui$% this &ese&!h+
Cse study is BR st&te%y #o& doi$% &ese&!h th&ou%h em*i&i!" i$'esti%tio$ o#
!o$tem*o&&y *he$ome$o$ ,ithi$ its &e" "i#e !o$te/t usi$% mu"ti*"e sou&!es o#
e'ide$!eC 5Robso$. *+ 7(9+ Cse studies &e $ **&o*&ite &ese&!h st&te%y ,he$ the&e
is "itt"e 1$o,$ bout the to*i! o# i$te&est. i$ this !se. #o& e/m*"e. ho, *&odu!tio$ is
m$%ed i$ desi%$< $ d !h$%e i$ theo&y o& *&!ti!e 5*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"9 is *&o*osed
5Robso$. *+>HA9+ Mu"ti*"e !se studies ""o, the &ese&!he& to *u&sue *&o%&essi'e
st&te%y. #&om e/*"o&tio$ o# =uestio$ to mo&e #o!used e/mi$tio$ o# t&i"s+ Gi'e$ the
*o"i!y $tu&e o# the &ese&!h =uestio$ bei$% *osed. mu"ti*"e !se study st&te%y seems
**&o*&ite+
<.; Re(e!#c, Met,o/(
<.;.1 DATA COLLECTION
E/e!uti$% &ese&!h st&te%y &e=ui&es methods #o& dt !o""e!tio$ $d $"ysis+ Fht
&ese&!h methods &e 'i"b"e. es*e!i""y #o& !se studies. the &ese&!h st&te%y to be
*u&sued i$ this thesisG O# those 'i"b"e. ,hi!h #it best ,ith !o$ditio$s su!h s
!!essibi"ity to *eo*"e $d do!ume$ts. i$'o"'eme$t o# the &ese&!he& i$ m$%e&i"
de!isio$ m1i$%. time 'i"b"e. et!G
Methods #o& dt !o""e!tio$ i$!"ude di&e!t obse&'tio$. i$te&'ie,s $d =uestio$$i&es.
$d do!ume$t&y $"ysis+ A '&i$t o# di&e!t obse&'tio$ is *&ti!i*$t obse&'tio$< i+e+.
obse&'tio$" &e*o&ti$% by &ese&!he& ,ho is *&t o# the %&ou* bei$% obse&'ed+
A"" these methods o# dt !o""e!tio$ &e used i$ this &ese&!h+ I$ "" !ses. the
&ese&!he& se&'ed s !o$su"t$t to the *&o8e!t tem. $d !o$se=ue$t"y ,s i$ the &o"e o#
*&ti!i*$t obse&'e& &the& th$ $eut&" obse&'e&+ S*e!i#i! obse&'tio$" dt ,s
!o""e!ted #&om *&ti!i*tio$ i$ *&o8e!t !oo&di$tio$ meeti$%s $d othe& e'e$ts de'oted to
*"$$i$% $d !o$t&o""i$% desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!esses+ I$te&'ie,s o& =uestio$$i&es
,e&e used i$ "" !ses to !o""e!t tem membe& ssessme$ts. both du&i$% the !ou&se o#
e!h *&o8e!t $d t the !o$!"usio$ o# e!h+ I$te&'ie,s ,e&e "so used to !o""e!t othe&
*&ti!i*$tsM obse&'tio$s o# meeti$%s $d e'e$ts &e"e'$t to *&o8e!t !o$t&o" t ,hi!h the
&ese&!he& ,s $ot *&ese$t+ Re!o&ds !o""e!ted i$!"uded meeti$% mi$utes $d memos.
'&ious #o&ms o# s!hedu"es. $d !tio$ item "o%s+ I$ "" !ses. mesu&eme$ts ,e&e mde
$d &e!o&ded o# sho&t0te&m ssi%$me$ts. thei& due dtes. !tu" !om*"etio$ dtes. $d
&eso$s #o& #i"u&e to !om*"ete ssi%$me$ts o$ thei& due dtes+
<.;.: DATA ANALCSIS AND E*ALUATION
M!Nei"" 5>AEA9 su%%ests th&ee 1ey !o$!e*ts- &e"ibi"ity. '"idity. $d &e*&ese$tti'e$ess+
Re"ibi"ity !o$!e&$s the e/te$t to ,hi!h &ese&!h !$ be &e*eted by othe&s ,ith the
sme &esu"ts+ BK"idity &e#e&s to the *&ob"em o# ,hethe& the dt !o""e!ted is t&ue
*i!tu&e o# ,ht is bei$% studied+C Re*&ese$tti'e$ess !o$!e&$s ,hethe& the ob8e!ts o#
study &e ty*i!" o# othe&s. $d !o$se=ue$t"y. the e/te$t to ,hi!h ,e !$ %e$e&"i:e+
Re"ibi"ity i$ !tio$ &ese&!h is i$e'itb"y =uestio$b"e be!use o# the !ti'e &o"e
*"yed by the &ese&!he& i$ %e$e&ti$% the *he$ome$ bei$% studied+ K"idity o# #i$di$%s
is es*e!i""y di##i!u"t i$ su&'ey &ese&!h be!use o# the *ote$ti" di##e&e$!e bet,ee$ ,ht
*eo*"e sy $d ,ht they do+ It is "ess *&ob"em #o& !tio$ &ese&!h be!use o# its *ub"i!
$tu&e $d the 'i"bi"ity o# mesu&eme$t dt su!h s PPC 5Pe&!e$t P"$ Com*"ete9+
Ge$e&"i:bi"ity #&om the !ses is =uestio$ tht !$$ot be !om*"ete"y $s,e&ed. $o
mo&e th$ it !$ #o& "imited $umbe& o# "bo&to&y e/*e&ime$ts+ Ho,e'e&. u$"i1e
"bo&to&y e/*e&ime$ts. *o"i!y im*"eme$ttio$s &e mde i$ the messy &e"ity o#
o&%$i:tio$s $d so!i" &e"tio$s+ Fe, i# $y '&ib"es !$ be !om*"ete"y !o$t&o""ed+ I$
the !se o# this &ese&!h. ttem*ts &e mde to !o$t&o" 1ey '&ib"es o# im*"eme$ttio$
$d e/e!utio$ o# the system+ Ho,e'e&. it is &e!o%$i:ed tht !o$t&o" is *&ti" $d
i$!om*"ete+ No$ethe"ess. h'i$% demo$st&ted e'e$ o$ si$%"e *&o8e!t tht *"$
&e"ibi"ity !$ be im*&o'ed is su##i!ie$t to estb"ish system e##e!ti'e$ess+ Futu&e ,o&1
my be de'oted to bette& u$de&st$di$% the !o$ditio$s $e!ess&y #o& su!h su!!ess+
A$othe& di##i!u"ty is tht *"$ &e"ibi"ity is mesu&ed by PPC 5;*e&!e$t *"$ !om*"ete;<
i+e+. *e&!e$t%e o# ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted9. but PPC does $ot di&e!t"y mesu&e *"$
=u"ity+ Fi&st o# "". su!!ess o& #i"u&e i$ ssi%$me$t !om*"etio$ my be !o$se=ue$!e
eithe& o# the =u"ity o# the ssi%$me$t o& o# its e/e!utio$+ Si$!e the Lst P"$$e& system
*&im&i"y ttem*ts to im*&o'e *"$ =u"ity. e/e!utio$ #i"u&es $d the&e#o&e PPC my $ot
'&y ,ith its e##e!ti'e$ess+ I$ dditio$. *&t #&om u$sou$d ssi%$me$ts. it is o#te$
di##i!u"t to di##e&e$tite bet,ee$ $ e/e!utio$ $d =u"ity #i"u&e+ Fs the ssi%$me$t
*oo&"y de#i$ed o& ,s the *&ob"em ,ith the "!1 o# e##o&t o& s1i"" o$ the *&t o# the
desi%$e&s o& bui"de&sG
Yet #u&the& di##i!u"ty is the mbi%uity o# ssi%$me$t L!om*"etio$M ,he$ ssi%$me$ts
h'e $ot bee$ ,e"" de#i$ed+ A$ ssi%$me$t to BP&odu!e s m$y *i*i$% d&,i$%s s you
!$ by the e$d o# the ,ee1C mi%ht be m&1ed s !om*"eted+ The &ese&!he& !$ *&ti""y
%u&d %i$st this *&ob"em by &e'ie,i$% ssi%$me$ts #o& de=ute de#i$itio$+ Ho,e'e&. it
is 'i&tu""y im*ossib"e #o& the &ese&!he& to *&e'e$t someo$e m&1i$% ssi%$me$ts
!om*"eted i$ o&de& to Lm1e the ,o&se **e& bette&M+ The best de#e$se mi%ht be to
!o$'i$!e those doi$% the m&1i$% tht PPC is $ot mesu&e o# i$di'idu" but o# system
*e&#o&m$!e+ U$#o&tu$te"y. tht is $ot =uite t&ue+ I$di'idu"s !$ be bette& o& ,o&se t
de#i$i$%. si:i$%. se=ue$!i$%. $d ssessi$% the sou$d$ess o# ssi%$me$ts+ PPC &e!o&ds o#
i$di'idu" #&o$t "i$e su*e&'iso&s !$ be &e'e"i$% o# those !*bi"ities+
Fo& these '&ious &eso$s. e'"uti$% the im*!t o# the Lst P"$$e& system o$ *"$
&e"ibi"ity is $o st&i%ht#o&,&d mtte&+ Simi"& di##i!u"ties beset im*&o'i$% the system.
,hi!h o!!u&s th&ou%h u$de&st$di$% $d *&e'e$ti$% *"$ =u"ity #i"u&es+ It is o#te$
di##i!u"t to !!u&te"y dete&mi$e &eso$s #o& #i"u&e+ U$sou$d$ess o# ssi%$me$ts is the
esiest to dete&mi$e be!use somethi$% is "!1i$% tht is $eeded to do the ssi%$me$t
*&o*e&"y< e+%+. soi"s &e*o&t. st&ess !"!u"tio$. de!isio$ bet,ee$ "te&$ti'e desi%$s.
et!+ Fi"u&es #&om si:i$% o& se=ue$!i$% &e mo&e di##i!u"t to ide$ti#y+ The "te& !se
studies i$!o&*o&te e##o&ts to im*&o'e *"$ #i"u&e $"ysis bsed o$ e/*e&ie$!es i$ the
*&e'ious !ses+
<.;.; CASE STUDIES
The &ese&!h ,s do$e th&ou%h se&ies o# !se studies+ The #i&st !se. the CCSR *&o8e!t.
,s $ e/*"o&to&y e/te$sio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system to the !oo&di$tio$ o# mu"ti*"e
t&des o$ !o$st&u!tio$ *&o8e!t+ The *&im&y im*&o'eme$t #&om tht !se ,s the
dditio$ o# the !o$st&i$ts $"ysis *&o!ess+ The se!o$d !se. the Ne/t St%e *&o8e!t. is
$ e/*"o&to&y !se study o$ the e/te$sio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system to desi%$
*&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"+ Cse Th&ee sho,s the e##o&ts o# s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&. P!i#i!
Co$t&!ti$%. to im*&o'e its ,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity+ It my ,e"" &e'e" the "imits o$
s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to& im*"eme$ti$% the Lst P"$$e& system u$i"te&""y+ Cse Fou&. the
O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ *&o8e!t. sho,s the *ote$ti" #o& im*&o'eme$t i$
,o&1 #"o, &e"ibi"ity #&om mo&e tho&ou%h $d de"ibe&te edu!tio$ $d t&i$i$% o# the
*&o8e!t tem+ Cse Fi'e is the 3e$e! P&o8e!t. o$e o# se'e&" im*"eme$ttio$s o# the Lst
P"$$e& system u$de&t1e$ by B&$es Co$st&u!tio$ ,ith si%$i#i!$t edu!tio$ $d
!o!hi$% *&o'ided to the *&ti!i*$ts. $d **"i!tio$ o# the "test thi$1i$% $d
te!h$i=ues i$ the Lst P"$$e& system+
CHAPTER FI*E: CASE ONE9CCSR PROBECT
G.1 P#o6ect De(c#)pt)on !n/ L!(t P"!nne# I$p"e$ent!t)on
The CCSR P&o8e!t ,s "bo&to&y bui"di$% #o& St$#o&d U$i'e&sity #o& ,hi!h the
%e$e&" !o$t&!to& ,s Li$be!1 Co$st&u!tio$+ CCSR stood #o& Ce$te& #o& C"i$i!"
Se&'i!es Rese&!h+ P&io& to CCSR. the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" hd
bee$ im*"eme$ted *&im&i"y by !o$t&!to&s doi$% di&e!t *&odu!tio$ ,o&1+ The&e ,s
some =uestio$ bout ho, to **"y Lst P"$$e& to sub!o$t&!ted *&o8e!ts $d ho,
e##e!ti'e tht **"i!tio$ mi%ht be+ CCSR ,s se"e!ted s *i"ot *&o8e!t to e/*"o&e
#esibi"ity $d de'e"o* te!h$i=ues+ The s*e!i#i! &ese&!h =uestio$ ,s- ow!Can plan
reliability be improved durin" site construction on lar"ely subcontracted pro6ects?
The &ese&!h *"$ ,s to i$t&odu!e the te!h$i=ues "isted be"o, du&i$% ,ee1"y
sub!o$t&!to& !oo&di$tio$ meeti$%s. the$ mesu&e PPC $d t&!1 &eso$s #o&
$o$!om*"etio$ o# ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts+
>A
I$ dditio$ to the Lst P"$$e& *&o!edu&es $d
te!h$i=ues *&e'ious"y de'e"o*ed. the i$te$t ,s to do the #o""o,i$%-
>+ Deti"ed s!hedu"i$% by *hse
()
+
(+ I$te$si'e sub!o$t&!to& i$'o"'eme$t i$ *hse s!hedu"i$%+
6+ Co""e!tio$ o# sttus i$*ut #&om subs be#o&e the s!hedu"i$% meeti$%+
D+ T&yi$% to se"e!t o$"y ts1s e!h ,ee1 tht &e #&ee o# !o$st&i$ts+
>A
The utho& i$t&odu!ed the system to the *&o8e!t $d 'isited *e&iodi!""y du&i$% the
!ou&se o# the subse=ue$t th&ee mo$th *i"ot+ U$de& the utho&;s di&e!tio$. Ab&hm
2t:. St$#o&d %&dute stude$t. ssisted the *&o8e!t su*e&i$te$de$t ,ith
s!hedu"i$% $d do!ume$ttio$ s *&t o# $ i$de*e$de$t study *e&#o&med #o&
P&o#esso& M&ti$ Fis!he&+ The utho& is !o$su"ti$% *&o#esso& t St$#o&d $d "so t
the U$i'e&sity o# C"i#o&$i t Be&1e"ey+
7+ Mesu&i$% PPC. ide$ti#yi$% $d !ti$% o$ &eso$s+
A ,ee1"y *"$$i$% !y!"e 5Tb"e 7+>9 ,s estb"ished tht s*e!i#ied ,ho ,s to do ,ht
du&i$% e!h ,ee1 s &e%&ds *"$$i$% $d !o$t&o"+ Fo& e/m*"e. sub!o$t&!to&s ,e&e to
sttus thei& ts1s s!hedu"ed #o& the $e/t 6 ,ee1s by $oo$ Mo$dy. so the %e$e&"
!o$t&!to& 5GC9 !ou"d &e'ise the sho&t i$te&'" s!hedu"e. ,hi!h i$ thei& !se !o'e&ed H
,ee1 "oo1hed *e&iod+
Sttus &e*o&ti$% !o$sisted o# !om*"eti$% !o$st&i$ts $"ysis #o&m. sho,$ i$ Tb"e
7+(. ,hi!h sho,s se"e!ted s!hedu"ed ts1s #o& th&ee o# the sub!o$t&!to&s o$ the *&o8e!t+
Commo$ !o$st&i$ts o$ the &edi$ess o# s!hedu"ed ts1s #o& ssi%$me$t $d e/e!utio$
,e&e i$!"uded o$ the #o&m< i+e+. !o$t&!t. desi%$. submitt"s. mte&i"s. *&e&e=uisite ,o&1.
s*!e. e=ui*me$t. $d "bo&+ A$ o*e$0e$ded. Nothe&N !te%o&y ,s "so *&o'ided to
!*tu&e "ess !ommo$ !o$st&i$ts+ The i$te$tio$ ,s to #o!us tte$tio$ $d !tio$ o$
m1i$% s!hedu"ed ts1s &edy by &emo'i$% thei& !o$st&i$ts+
G.: PPC !n/ Re!(on(
Se'e&" 1i$ds o# dt ,e&e !o""e!ted- PPC $d &eso$s. u/i"i&y do!ume$ts su!h s
*hse $d mste& s!hedu"es. $d the obse&'tio$s o# the
&ese&!he&+ PPC $d &eso$s dt ,s !o""e!ted e!h ,ee1 #&om
>(J(DJA? th&ou%h 6J6JAE. du&i$% the ,ettest seso$ i$ the S$
F&$!is!o &e i$ &e!o&ded histo&y+ A"thou%h the *&o8e!t hd t1e$
,ethe&i:i$% *&e!utio$s to mi$imi:e ,ethe&0&e"ted de"ys. su!h
s ty*e o# #i"" mte&i" $d d&i$%e systems. $o$ethe"ess &i$ ,s
()
A *hse ,s !o$!ei'ed i$ te&ms o# &e"ti'e"y i$de*e$de$t #!i"ity system+ Fo&
e/m*"e. the #i&st *hse0du&i$% ,hi!h this &ese&!h ,s !o$du!ted0,s #&om
+
by #& the most #&e=ue$t"y !ited &eso$ #o& #i"i$% to !om*"eted
ssi%$me$ts o$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s
#able C%$
"rid26 A/!/
"rid26 Noon
!on A/!/ !on P/!/ T% A/!/ T% P/!/ Wed8T%
: co33ec$s
in,or-2$ion
needed $o
&rod%ce $4e s4or$
in$er#23 sc4ed%3e;
e/g/ &rogress on
c%rren$ 1eekDs
&32n7 %&d2$ed
de3i#er6 sc4ed%3es
're.2r7 res&onses
$o 0"Is7 e$c*7
c42nges in
o.Eec$i#es or
design
:
&rod%ces 2
&re3i-in2r6
s4or$ in$er#23
sc4ed%3e )
gi#es $o s%.s
2nd A/E
A/E 2nd
s%.s s$2$%s
$2sks in nex$
3 1eeks 2nd
gi#e .2ck $o
:
F S%.s s$2$%s $2sks ,or
$4ese cons$r2in$s:
con$r2c$7 design7
s%.-i$$23s7 -2$3s7
&rere+%isi$e 1ork7 $oo3s
) e+&$7 s&2ce7
: re#ises
s4or$
in$er#23
sc4ed%3e
: 2nd s%.s -ee$
$o: 1* s$2$%s $4is
1eekDs &32n7
iden$i,6 re2sons ,or
,2i3ing $o co-&3e$e
&32nned $2sks7 2nd
2gree on 2c$ions $o
&re#en$ re&e$i$ion7
2nd 2* ,in23i5e $4e
3ook24e2d
sc4ed%3e
%ide3ines: 1*
: &rod%ces
2nd
dis$ri.%$es
&32n re3i2.i3i$6
c42r$s 2nd
,in23 s4or$
in$er#23
sc4ed%3e
F T4e &32n
re3i2.i3i$6 c42r$s
-e2s%re 4o1
1e33 $4e $e2- is
2c4ie#ing i$s
A33 &er,or- 1ork
on $4e c%rren$
1eek36 1ork &32n
2nd ex&edi$e
re-o#23 o,
cons$r2in$s on
,%$%re 1eeksD 1ork
&32ns
F : re#ie1s $4e
&42se sc4ed%3e
2nd -2s$er
sc4ed%3e ,or
F T4e s4or$ in$er#23 sc4ed%3e
co#ers $4e cons$r%c$ion $2sks
re+%ired $o 2c4ie#e 2 sc4ed%3e
-i3es$one 'e/g/ s32.8on8gr2de
.6 2/28/=>* 2nd $4e design
2nd s%&&3ier $2sks &ro#iding
needed in,or-2$ion 2nd
-2$eri23s/ T4e $e2- de#e3o&s
2 de$2i3ed sc4ed%3e ,or e2c4
&42se o, $4e Eo. 2$ 3e2s$ 4
1eeks .e,ore s$2r$ing $42$
&42se/ T4e &42se sc4ed%3e
$4en .eco-es $4e con$ro3
sc4ed%3e ,or s4or$ in$er#23
sc4ed%3ing e2c4 1eek/
32.or7 o$4er/ A/E
s$2$%ses $2sks .6
s&eci,6ing $4e
in,or-2$ion or decision
needed/
FCo$4 s%.s 2nd A/E
2re 2ns1ering $4e
+%es$ions: 1* I,
cons$r2in$s 2re in 6o%r
con$ro37 2re 6o%
con,iden$ $4e6 1i33 .e
re-o#ed in $i-eG 2* I,
cons$r2in$s 2re no$ in
6o%r con$ro37 142$ 4e3&
do 6o% need ,ro-
o$4ersG
Sc4ed%3e ,or nex$
1eek 'Wed $4r%
T%* on36 $2sks $42$
42#e no
cons$r2in$s or 42#e
on36 cons$r2in$s
6o% kno1 c2n .e
re-o#ed in $i-e/ 2*
Sc4ed%3e in $4e
2nd 2nd 3rd 1eeks
on36 $2sks 6o% 2re
con,iden$ c2n .e
-2de re2d6 in
$i-e/ T4e go23 is
100< &32n
re3i2.i3i$6 ,or $4e
nex$ $4ree 1eeks/
go23 o,
sc4ed%3ing
$4ree 1eeks
24e2d on36
$2sks $42$ c2n
.e co-&3e$ed7
2nd co-&3e$ing
233 $2sks
sc4ed%3ed %&
$o $4ree 1eeks
24e2d/ T4e
ide2 is $42$
&rod%c$i#i$6 1i33
.e 4ig4er 14en
sc4ed%3es 2re
re3i2.3e/
needed
2dE%s$-en$/
CC*A+Wee)ly Plannin" Cycle
#able C%2
CC*A Wee)ly Plannin" Cycle
e/!'tio$ to s"b0o$0%&de+
#able C%2
Wills
II. I
D
Activity $tart Contract Design $u
#itta
ls
0ate
rial
Pre1
(e2ui
site
$pace )2uip
#ent
Laor Other
345 T%nne3 Ho..6 8
W233s 0e.2r
3/4/=8
6575 "oo$ings ? ) >
Do1e3s
3/4/=8
6885 "oo$ings ? ) >
Ce$1een A 2nd
9 Do1e3s7 2nd
"oo$ings E )
Do1e3s
Ce$1een 4/@
2nd 8
3/4/=8
9:5 Hine 4 W233
2nd Hine :
W233 0e.2r
3/?/=8
:77 H2rge In$erior
W233 Hine I
2nd 9/8 0e.2r
3/=/=8
6647 S-233 In$erior
W233 0e.2r
Hines ?8A7 2nd
?8!7 ?8P
3/=/=8
Cupertino
)lectric
!D Activity $tart Contract Design $u
#itta
ls
0ate
rial
Pre1
(e2ui
site
$pace )2uip
#ent
Laor Other
758 Ins&ec$ion 3/4/=8
Undergro%nd
E3ec$ric23 N8W
S8W (%2dr2n$
3/@/=8
CC*A+Constraints ,nalysis &orm
PPC ,s mesu&ed s sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e 7+>. &$%i$% #&om $ i$iti" mesu&eme$t o#
7H@ du&i$% the ,ee1 o# >(J(DJA? to ?)@ i$ the ,ee1 o# 6J6JAE+
Ri$ ,s !ited s the &eso$ #o& >E *"$ #i"u&es 5see Fi%u&e 7+(9
$d ,s !o$t&ibuti$% &eso$ to e'e$ mo&e+ Othe&
,

C
o
#
p
l
e
t
e
d
#&e=ue$t"y !ited &eso$s ,e&e "!1 o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 5>D9. 'i"bi"ity o& =u"ity o#
desi%$ i$#o&mtio$ 5E9. $d submitt"s 5H9+
Remo'i$% &i$ s &eso$. ,ee1"y PPC ,ou"d h'e bee$ s sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e 7+6. ,ith
me$ PPC #o& the &ese&!h *e&iod o# ?>@ 5>DA o# (>>
ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted9. ,hi!h !om*&ed #'o&b"y to ,o&1 #"o,
&e"ibi"ity !hie'ed th&ou%h *&e'ious **"i!tio$ o# the Lst
P"$$e& system to *&o8e!ts ,hi!h ,e&e $ot sub!o$t&!ted+
(>
&i"ure C%$
=0<
80<
>0<
?0<
@0<
40<
30<
20<
10<
0<
12/24/=> 12/31/=> 1/?/=8 1/14/=8 1/18/=8 1/2@/=8 2/3/=8 2/10/=8 2/1>/=8 2/24/=8 3/3/=8
Week
CC*A+Wee)ly PPC
(>
B""&d et "+. >AAH< B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?
'
u
#
e
r

O
"

O
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
s
#able C%?
Week 68;87;3< 68;:6;3< 6;9;3= 6;67;3= 6;6=;3= 6;84;3= 8;:;3= 8;65;3= 8;6<;3= 8;87;3= :;:;3=
PPC @?< 8?< @>< ?>< >3< >@< @0< @3< >4< 44< >0<
+asks
Co#pleted
@ ? 8 10 11 18 > 10 23 1= 14
+asks
Planned
= > 14 1@ 1@ 24 14 1= 31 43 20
02in 1 1 3 ? 2 2 1 2 18
Pre80e+%isi$e 2 2 1 > 2 14
Design 1 1 4 2 8
S%.-i$$23 2 2 2 ?
O$4er 1 1 1 1 4
S&2ce 1 2 3
E+%i&-en$ 2 2
H2.or 1 1 2
!2$eri23s 1 1
:on$r2c$ 0
CC*A+PPC and Aeasons <ata
&i"ure C%2
2@
20
1@
10
@
0
02in Pre80e+%isi$e Design S%.-i$$23 O$4er S&2ce E+%i&-en$ H2.or !2$eri23s :on$r2c$
(eason
CC*A+Aeasons for Ioncompletion
&i"ure C%?
100<
=0<
80<
>0<
?0<
@0<
40<
30<
20<
10<
0<
Week36 PP:
!e2n PP:
CC*A+PPC without rain
As sho,$ i$ Tb"e 7+D. &eso$s #o& *"$ #i"u&e ,e&e !te%o&i:ed s eithe& $ E/e!utio$
Fi"u&e o& P"$ Fi"u&e
((
+ O# the 7? tot" #i"u&es
(6
. (E ,e&e dete&mi$ed to h'e &esu"ted
#&om some de#e!t i$ *"$$i$%. ,hi"e (A ,e&e tt&ibuted to some de#e!t i$ e/e!utio$+ The
>E #i"u&es !used by &i$ ,e&e !te%o&i:ed s e/e!utio$ #i"u&es+ Dis&e%&di$% &i$. P"$
Fi"u&es ,ou"d h'e mou$ted to (E o# 6E. o& ?D@. #u&the& e'ide$!e tht to subst$ti"
de%&ee. ou& #te is i$ ou& o,$ h$ds s &e%&ds *"$$i$% $d ,o&1 #"o,+ I$ e'e$
e/t&eme
,ethe& !o$ditio$s. #u""y h"# o# $o$!om*"etio$s &esu"ted #&om *oo& *"$$i$%+
((
This disti$!tio$ ,s i$t&odu!ed i$to the Lst P"$$e& system i$ B""&d 5>AAD9+
(6
Note the bse$!e o# deti"ed i$#o&mtio$ #o& #i"u&es i$ the ,ee1 o# >(J(DJA?+ Thei&
i$!"usio$ ,ou"d dd D $o$!om*"etio$s to the tot"+
#able C%@
Week 68;:6
Activity (eason T6&e O, "2i3%re
i$e- ? 8 S%-& Pi$ Hid
"or-
O$4er: Ho1 Priori$6 P32n
Week 6;9
i$e- 3 8 Undergro%nd
P3%-.ing
02in Exec%$ion
I$e- 13 8 E2s$ W233
"or-s
Design: 0"I Exec%$ion
I$e- 32 8 E3e#2$or W233
"or-s
Pre80e+%isi$e: No$
Iden$i,ied
P32n
I$e- 43 8 2)3 Hine
Exc2#2$ion
E+%i&-en$: C2ck4oe Exec%$ion
I$e- 44 8 A7: ) 4 Hine
Exc2#2$ion
E+%i&-en$: C2ck4oe Exec%$ion
I$e- 4@ 8 2)3 Hine 0e.2r No Exc2#2$ion P32n
Week 6;67
i$e- 2? 8 E3e#2$or 1)2
SO Po%r
"3oor Dr2in S%.-i$$23s P32n
I$e- 44 8 E3e#2$or Po%r
U& $o T%nne3 He#e3
S4o& Dr21ings P32n
I$e- 43 8 "or- So%$4
E2s$ (%2dr2n$
W2i$ing 0e.2r
"2.ric2$ion
P32n
I$e- 2= 8 0e.2r I Hine W2i$ing On Exc2#2$ion P32n
I$e- > 8 Access P2ne3 S%.-i$$23 P32n
Week 6;6=
210 8 Design :42nge
0e.2r S%.-i$$23s
No$ C2ck P32n
2>0 8 In$erior W233 0e.2r
S%.-i$$23s
No$ C2ck P32n
A7:7 ) 4 Hine Exc2#2$ion Prod%c$i#i$6/02in Exec%$ion
A7:7 ) 4 Hine 0e.2r No Exc2#2$ion P32n
Week 6;84
Exc2#2$e Hine " 2nd >
'!idWes$*
02in Exec%$ion
In$erior W233 "or-s 02in Exec%$ion
N7(7H Hines 0e.2r
Ins$2332$ion
02in Exec%$ion
0e#e23s Hoc2$ion W2i$ing On Arc4i$ec$ P32n
0"I Hine > ':%&er$ino* Ans1er Inco-&3e$e P32n
T%nne3 Pi&ing S%.-i$$23 A&&ro#23 P32n
Week 8;:
Exc2#2$e " Hine 02in Exec%$ion
C2ck,i33 S%-& &i$ 02in Exec%$ion
Te-&32$e "oo$ings A 2nd
4 Hine
02in Exec%$ion
E3ec$ric23 :ond%i$
E3e#2$or @
02in Exec%$ion
S-233 2nd H2rge W233s
Sing3e "or-
02in Exec%$ion
W233 Do%.3e %& J
T%nne3 Ho..6
W2i$ing "or Ins&ec$ion P32n
C2ck,i33 N8E/S8E (%2d/ 02in Exec%$ion
Week 8;65
P3%-.ing .e$1een 3ines I
) !
02in Exec%$ion
P3%-.ing Hine ?/@ 02in Exec%$ion
S-233 In$erior W233s "or- E3e#e2$or I2ck Dri33ing /
02in
Exec%$ion
S-233 In$erior W233s
Do%.3e U&
E3e#e2$or I2ck Dri33ing /
02in
Exec%$ion
H2rge In$erior W233s "or- E3e#e2$or I2ck Dri33ing /
02in
Exec%$ion
H2rge In$erior W233s
Do%.3e U&
02in
Exec%$ion
S-233 W233 0e.2r E3e#e2$or I2ck Dri33ing /
02in
Exec%$ion
Hine H 1233 0e.2r E3e#e2$or I2ck Dri33ing /
02in
Exec%$ion
E ) Hine 0e.2r ,ro- 2
$o @
02in
Exec%$ion
Week 8;6<
E3e#2$or W23 C2ck,i33 02in Exec%$ion
Hine I Exc2#2$ion C2ck,i33
P3%-.ing/02in/!%d
Exec%$ion
Hine ?/@ Exc2#2$ion A,$er ? ) > Hine :oncre$e P32n
S-233 In$erior W233 "or-s Design :42nge P32n
S-233 W233s Do%.3e U& Design :42nge P32n
S-233 W233s 0e.2r Design :42nge P32n
Peri-e$er W233 Hine 2
0e.2r
Design :42nge P32n
"oo$ings ? ) > 0e.2r 02in Exec%$ion
Week 8;87
P32n$er Exc2#2$ion S&2ce P32n
In$erior S-233 W233s 0e.2r :42nge/Per-i$ P32n
T%nne3 3o..6 SO Se+%ence :42nge P32n
Hine H W233 0e.2r :42nge/Per-i$ P32n
Hine I "oo$ing 02in Exec%$ion
W233 Hine 2 "ro- A8D !2n Po1er P32n
Week :;:
"oo$ings E) Exc2#2$ion S&2ce "or :r2ne P32n
Hine I :oncre$e 02in Exec%$ion
"oo$ings ?)> :oncre$e 02in Exec%$ion
:o%r$ K2rd P32n$er :r2ne 0e2c4 P32n
S-233 In$erior W233s !2n Po1er P32n
Pi&e Ties In J T%nne W2i$ing On S$2n,ord In,o P32n
CC*A+Aeasons for Ioncompletion Bdetailed and cate"ori2ed)
G.; O4(e#'!t)on(
Sub!o$t&!to&s ,e&e $ot se"e!ted bsed o$ thei& u$de&st$di$% o& ,i""i$%$ess to
*&ti!i*te i$ the Lst P"$$e& *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system+ They ,e&e se"e!ted bsed o$
t&ditio$" !&ite&i su!h s #i$$!i" sou$d$ess $d bid *&i!e+ Sub!o$t&!to& *e&so$$e"
#i&st "e&$ed bout the system $d the e/*e!ttio$s &e%&di$% thei& &o"es $d
&es*o$sibi"ities ,ithi$ it #te& !omi$% to the site+ Not su&*&isi$%"y. some ,e&e mo&e
!*b"e $d e$thusisti! bout *&ti!i*ti$% th$ othe&s+ E'e$ so. the *&o8e!t
su*e&i$te$de$t !o$ti$ued to use the Lst P"$$e& system $d &e*o&ted tht e'e$tu""y ""
#o&eme$ ,e&e *&ti!i*ti$% $d tht they be%$ to ho"d e!h othe& !!ou$tb"e #o&
1ee*i$% thei& ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ !ommitme$ts+ No$ethe"ess. it ,ou"d h'e bee$
*&e#e&b"e both to i$!o&*o&te *&ti!i*tio$ i$ the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system i$ the
se"e!tio$ !&ite&i $d sub!o$t&!ts. $d "so to h'e de'oted mo&e time $d e##o&t to
edu!tio$ $d t&i$i$%+
Sho&t"y #te& i$t&odu!i$% the system. it be!me **&e$t tht mo&e !ti'e
i$'o"'eme$t o# othe&s besides the site #o&eme$ ,s $eeded+ Sub!o$t&!to& *&o8e!t
m$%e&s ,e&e i$'ited to tte$d the ,ee1"y meeti$%s $d ,e&e bette& b"e to u$de&st$d
,ht ,s %oi$% o$. $d s*e!i#i!""y bette& b"e to *&o'ide sttus i$#o&mtio$ &e%&di$%
!o$st&i$ts su!h s submitt"s. desi%$ issues. #b&i!tio$. $d de"i'e&ies+ The&e ,s "so
e##o&ts mde to i$'o"'e the &!hite!t $d desi%$ e$%i$ee&s o$ the *&o8e!t+ U$#o&tu$te"y.
those e##o&ts #i"ed. i$ *&t be!use o# the st%e o# desi%$ !om*"etio$ $d the #!t tht the
*&odu!tio$ &!hite!tJe$%i$ee& ,s o$ "um* sum !o$t&!t $d !o$!e&$ed "est they &u$
out o# mo$ey be#o&e they &$ out o# ,o&1+
A$"ysis o# !o$st&i$ts ,s 1ey e"eme$t i$t&odu!ed i$to the Lst P"$$e& system o$
CCSR+ E##o&ts to !o""e!t !o$st&i$ts i$#o&mtio$ #&om sub!o$t&!to&s *&io& to the
!oo&di$tio$ meeti$% ,e&e most"y u$su!!ess#u". *e&h*s i$ "&%e *&t be!use the&e is $o
t&ditio$ i$ ou& i$dust&y #o& su!h !ti'ities+ Co$se=ue$t"y. mu!h o# meeti$% time ,s
dedi!ted to dt !o""e!tio$ &the& th$ *"$$i$% $d *&ob"em so"'i$%+
G.< Le!#n)n0(
Le&$i$%s #o& #utu&e *&o8e!ts i$!"uded-
I$!o&*o&te *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" &e=ui&eme$ts i$to sub!o$t&!ts+
Se"e!t sub!o$t&!to&s #o& thei& bi"ity $d ,i""i$%$ess to *&ti!i*te i$ the *&odu!tio$
!o$t&o" system+
I$'o"'e o,$e&. &!hite!t. $d e$%i$ee&s i$ the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" *&o!ess< *&e#e&b"y
#&om the be%i$$i$% o# desi%$+
Se$d to sub!o$t&!to& *&o8e!t m$%e&s by emi" o& #/ e!h ,ee1 !o$st&i$t &e*o&ts
,ith the $e/t 70H ,ee1s s!hedu"ed !ti'ities "isted $d s1 them to sttus thei&
!ti'ities $d &e*o&t b!1+ M1e su&e this h**e$s so meeti$% time !$ be used #o&
*"$$i$% $d *&ob"em so"'i$% s o**osed to dt !o""e!tio$+
Use tem *"$$i$% te!h$i=ues to *&odu!e s!hedu"es #o& e!h *hse o# ,o&1. ,ith
*&ti!i*tio$ by #o&eme$. su*e&i$te$de$ts. $d desi%$e&s+
I$!o&*o&te &eso$s ide$ti#i!tio$. $"ysis. $d !o&&e!ti'e !tio$ i$to ,ee1"y
!oo&di$ti$% meeti$%s+ Othe&,ise. the&e is d$%e& tht i$!om*"etio$s be!ome
!!e*ted s u$'oidb"e+
CHAPTER SIL: CASE :9NELT STAGE PROBECT
H.1 De(c#)pt)on o+ t,e P#o6ect !n/ L!(t P"!nne# I$p"e$ent!t)on
Ne/t St%e De'e"o*me$t ,s !&eted to desi%$. bui"d. $d o*e&te se&ies o# ?.))) set
e$!"osed m*hithete&s i$ '&ious U+S+ !ities. !!ommodti$% B&od,y sho,s $d
musi!" e$te&ti$me$t ,ith m*"i#ied sou$d+ Its #i&st *&o8e!t ,s the Te/s Sho,*"!e.
"o!ted i$ D""s. Te/s+ A&!hite!t. desi%$ !o$su"t$ts. e$%i$ee&i$% #i&ms. #b&i!to&s.
$d !o$st&u!tio$ !o$t&!to&s ,e&e se"e!ted bsed o$ =u"i#i!tio$s $d ,i""i$%$ess to
*&ti!i*te i$ the *&o8e!t+ The i$te$t ,s to !&ete $ A""0St& tem by se"e!ti$% the 'e&y
best+
The %e$e&" !o$t&!to& $d e=uity *&ti!i*$t i$ Ne/t St%e De'e"o*me$t is Li$be!1
Co$st&u!tio$. #ou$di$% membe& o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute. ,hi!h ,s
!o#ou$ded by the utho& $d G&e% Ho,e"" i$ Au%ust. >AA?+ Ne/t St%eMs m$%eme$t
!hose to im*"eme$t e"eme$ts o# B"e$ thi$1i$%C i$ the desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$ o# its
#!i"ities. s*e!i#i!""y i$!"udi$% the Lst P"$$e& method o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"+ A 2i!1o##
Meeti$% ,s he"d #o& the *&odu!tio$ tem My >A0(>. >AAE i$ Housto$. Te/s $d !o0
#!i"itted by the utho&+ 2ey out!omes o# the meeti$% ,e&e >9 #o&mi$% the #i#ty *"us
i$di'idu"s $d mu"ti*"e !om*$ies i$to tem. $d (9 !o""e!ti'e"y *&odu!i$% B'"ue
st&emC 5Fom!1 $d 4o$esM P>AAHQ te&m #o& the #"o, di%&m o# *&odu!tio$ *&o!ess
tht *&odu!es '"ue #o& the st1eho"de&s i$ the *&o!ess9+ This utho&;s &e*o&t o$ the
2i!1o## Meeti$% is i$!"uded i$ A**e$di/ A+
I$ the 2i!1o## Meeti$%. the *&ti!i*$ts ,e&e di'ided i$to $umbe& o# di##e&e$t
tems. !o&&es*o$di$% &ou%h"y to the #!i"ity systems- SiteJCi'i". St&u!tu&". E$!"osu&eJ
A&!hite!tu&". Me!h$i!"JE"e!t&i!"JP"umbi$%JFi&e P&ote!tio$. Thet&i!"JI$te&io&s. $d
P&o8e!t Su**o&t+ These tems &emi$ed i$t!t s the dmi$ist&ti'e u$its #o& *&odu!tio$
o# the desi%$+
A#te& the 2i!1o## Meeti$%. the desi%$ *&o!ess !o$ti$ued. i$iti""y ,ith t&%et
!om*"etio$ dte o# >>J>7JAA+ Ho,e'e&. #te& &ou%h"y the midd"e o# Au%ust. >AAE. de"ys
i$ &&$%i$% e=uity #i$$!i$% $d *e&#o&m$!e !ommitme$ts !used the !o$st&u!tio$
st&t $d e$d dte to s"i* e'e& #u&the& out. u$ti" the *&o8e!t ,s #i$""y sus*e$ded++
The desi%$ *&o!ess ,s m$%ed *&im&i"y th&ou%h bi,ee1"y te"e!o$#e&e$!e
5A**e$di/ B9+ Ts1s $eedi$% !om*"etio$ ,ithi$ the $e/t t,o ,ee1 *e&iod ,e&e "o%%ed
s A!tio$ Items 5A**e$di/ C9 . ,ith &es*o$sibi"ity $d due dte ssi%$ed+ Ts1s $eedi$%
!om*"etio$ beyo$d the $e/t t,o ,ee1 *e&iod ,e&e "o%%ed s Issues 5A**e$di/ D9+
Desi%$ de!isio$s ,e&e &e!o&ded i$ Desi%$ De!isio$s Lo% 5A**e$di/ E9+ Fhe$ !tio$
items ,e&e $ot !om*"eted s s!hedu"ed. &eso$s ,e&e ssi%$ed #&om st$d&d "ist
5Tb"e H+>9 $d $e, due dte ,s *&o'ided+
#able D%$
>+ L!1 o# de!isio$
(+ L!1 o# *&e&e=uisites
6+ L!1 o# &esou&!es
D+ P&io&ity !h$%e
7+ I$su##i!ie$t time
H+ Lte st&t
?+ Co$#"i!ti$% dem$ds
E+ A!ts o# God o& the De'i"
A+ P&o8e!t !h$%es
>)+ Othe&
IeFt *ta"e+Aeasons for Ioncompletion
H.: D!t!
H.:.1 PPC AND REASONS
The *e&!e$t%e o# !tio$ items !om*"eted ,s t&!1ed $d *ub"ished bi,ee1"y+
4 1eek -o#ing
2#e/
#able D%2
@>< ?0< ?3< ?4< @8< @>< @@<
PP: 8 Nex$S$2geL Tex2s S4o1P32ce P32nning Percen$ :o-&3e$e ,or Precons$r%c$ion !ee$ings
Week >/1/=8 >/1@/=8 >/2=/=8 8/12/=8 8/2?/=8 =/=/=8 =/23/=8 10/>/=8 10/21/=8 11/4/=8
PP: 4?< @0< ?3< >1< @>< ?1< ?8< 4>< @4< @4<
T2sks
:o-&3e$ed
T2sks
P32nned
28 33 48 3> 2= 3? 2? 20 2? 20
?1 ?? >? @2 @1 @= 38 43 48 3>
IeFt *ta"e+PPC <ata
The $umbe& o# ts1s o& !tio$ items !om*"eted ,s di'ided by the $umbe& *"$$ed e!h
t,o ,ee1 *e&iod $d *e&!e$t%e !"!u"ted+ Fo& e/m*"e. I$ the t,o ,ee1 *e&iod
be%i$$i$% >>JDJAE. 6? !tio$ items ,e&e ssi%$ed. o# ,hi!h () ,e&e !om*"eted. ,hi!h
mou$ts to 7D@+ I$ dditio$. #ou& ,ee1 mo'i$% 'e&%e ,s !"!u"ted i$ o&de& to
smooth the dt $d ho*e#u""y &e'e" t&e$ds+ Th&ou%h >>JDJAE. the #ou& ,ee1 mo'i$%
'e&%e ,s 77@. !"!u"ted by 'e&%i$% the *&e'ious #ou& ,ee1s dt+
The !o"um$s i$ Fi%u&e H+> &e*&ese$t the %%&e%te 'e&%e !om*"etio$ *e&!e$t%e
#o& "" tems #o& e!h t,o ,ee1 *"$$i$% *e&iods+ PPC &ose #&om $ i$iti" mesu&eme$t
o# DH@ to bo'e ?)@ i$ the D
th
t,o ,ee1 *"$$i$% *e&iod+ Subse=ue$t"y. *e&h*s
!o$$e!ted ,ith the e$d dte s"i**i$% out. PPC &ose $d #e"" i$ %e$e&""y do,$,&d
t&e$d. ,i$di$% u* &ou$d 77@+
,

C
o
#
p
l
e
t
e
d
&i"ure D%$
Percent o" Plan Co#pleted
80<
>0<
?0<
@0<
40<
30<
20<
10<
0<
>/1/=8 >/1@/=8 >/2=/=8 8/12/=8 8/2?/=8 =/=/=8 =/23/=8 10/>/=8 10/21/=8 11/4/=8
Week
IeFt *ta"e PPC <ata
The&e ,s !o$side&b"e '&itio$ bet,ee$ tems+ Th&ou%h AJAJAE. PPC o# the '&ious
tems ,s s #o""o,s-
SiteJCi'i" ?E@
St&u!tu&" 67@
E$!"osu&eJA&!hite!tu&" H(@
Me!h$i!"JE"e!t&i!"JP"umbi$%JFi&e P&ote!tio$ 77@
Thet&i!"JI$te&io&s 7(@
P&o8e!t Su**o&t E7@
Tb"e H+6 e/hibits the &eso$s !te%o&ies used o$ the *&o8e!t $d the #&e=ue$!y o# &eso$
by !te%o&y e!h ,ee1 o# the dt !o""e!tio$ *e&iod+ It is **&e$t tht th&ee !te%o&ies
domi$te< i+e+. "!1 o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1. i$su##i!ie$t time. $d !o$#"i!ti$% dem$ds. i$
tht o&de&+ U$#o&tu$te"y. su!h !te%o&ies &e'e" "itt"e bout &oot !uses. so do $ot
#!i"itte !o&&e!ti'e !tio$+
#able D%?
(easons;
Date
<;6;
3=
<;64;
3=
<;83;3= =;68;3= =;89;3= 3;3;3= 3;8:;3= 65;<;
3=
65;86;3
=
66;7;3
=
68;8;3
=
All
Wee
ks
Decision 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 1>
Prere+%isi$
es
> 1? 8 2 > 10 3 @ ? 4 ?8
0eso%rces 1 2 0 3
Priori$6
:42nge
3 4 ? 1 1 1@
Ins%,,icien$
Ti-e
@ ? 1 ? ? 10 8 10 ? 4 ?2
H2$e s$2r$ 4 1 1 1 1 8
:on,3ic$ing
De-2nds
> > 3 1 > 2 4 ? @ 42
Ac$s o, od 3 0 3
ProEec$
:42nges
0 1 1
O$4er 2 1 3
IeFt *ta"e+Aeasons
H.:.: OBSER*ATIONS 5See A**e$di!es A $d B #o& &e*o&t o$ the 2i!1o## meeti$% $d
the utho&Ms $otes o$ *&o8e!t te"e!o$#e&e$!es+9
H.:.; FEEDBACK FROM PARTICIPANTS
I$ O!tobe&. >AAE. the SiteJCi'i" tem %&eed to se"e!t #i'e *"$ #i"u&es $d $"y:e them
to &oot !uses by s1i$% NFhyGN u* to #i'e times i$ su!!essio$+ Re'ie, o# SiteJCi'i"Ms
$"yses &e'e"ed tht #i"u&e to u$de&st$d !&ite&i #o& su!!ess#u" !om*"etio$ o#
ssi%$me$ts ,s the most !ommo$ !use+ Ge$e&""y. #i"u&es ,e&e !used by $ot
u$de&st$di$% somethi$% !&iti!""y im*o&t$t< City &e=ui&eme$ts #o& t&##i! $"ysis.
**"i!b"e !odes #o& d&i$%e. !tu" soi" !o$ditio$s. ,ho hd &es*o$sibi"ity #o& ,ht+
P&ese$ti$% &eso$s ,e&e o#te$ =uite dist$t #&om &oot !uses $d #&e=ue$t"y the #i"i$%
*&ty did $ot !o$t&o" the &oot !use+ This sm*"e "so &ised si%$i#i!$t =uestio$s bout
dhe&e$!e to =u"ity &e=ui&eme$ts #o& ssi%$me$ts+ Fo& e/m*"e. ,hy did SiteJCi'i"
!!e*t Y> 5,e&e they su&e they hd the !*!ity to t1e o$ this dditio$" ts1G9 o& Y(
5,hy did they thi$1 Me!h$i!" ,ou"d %i'e them the i$#o&mtio$ they $eeded i$ time #o&
Ci'i" to do its ,o&1G9G
Fi"u&e Y>- Fi"ed to t&$smit site *"$ *!1%e to the
%e$e&" !o$t&!to& s *&omised+ Reso$ *&o'ided- !o$#"i!ti$%
dem$dsTBI ,s o'e&,he"med du&i$% this *e&iod+C 7 ,hyMs
&e'e"ed tht the &e=ui&ed time ,s u$de&estimted #o& !o""e!ti$%
the i$#o&mtio$ $eeded be!use the CityMs &e=ui&eme$ts #o& t&##i!
$"ysis ,e&e di##e&e$t $d %&ete& th$ hd bee$ ssumed+
Fi"u&e Y(- Fi"ed to &e'ise $d submit site d&i$%e #o&
&e'ised !ommiss&y &oo# d&i$%e+ Reso$ *&o'ided- *&e&e=uisite
,o&1+ The me!h$i!" !o$t&!to& o&i%i$""y *&o'ided d&i$%e
dt o$ *i*e si:es. i$'e&ts. et!+. the$ dis!o'e&ed tht City !odes
&e=ui&ed dditio$" !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts+ Ci'i" is ,iti$% o$
Me!h$i!" to *&o'ide dt o$ these dditio$" !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts+
Fi"u&e Y6- Fi"ed to !om*"ete Rod BDC *"$ to su**o&t
eseme$t $d o*e&ti$% items+ Reso$ *&o'ided- *&e&e=uisite
,o&1+ The &oot !use ,s the sme s #o& Y>< i+e+. #i"u&e to
u$de&st$d City &e=ui&eme$ts #o& t&##i! $"ysis+
Fi"u&e YD- Fi"ed to m1e $ e$%i$ee&i$% dete&mi$tio$
#&om 6 "te&$ti'e *'eme$t desi%$s *&o'ided+ Reso$ *&o'ided-
*&e&e=uisite ,o&1 $d i$su##i!ie$t time+ BThis item ,s $ot
$ti!i*ted+ Fhy ,s it $ot $ti!i*tedG The City &e#used to
!!e*t ou& *'eme$t desi%$+ Fhy did they &e#use to !!e*t ou&
*'eme$t desi%$G Soi" !o$ditio$s ,e&e di##e&e$t #&om *st
*&o8e!ts+ The "!1 o# *&e&e=uisite desi%$ ,o&1 &e#e&&ed to the soi"
bo&i$%s i$ the bo&&o, site+ Fe "so &e i$'esti%ti$% othe& sou&!es
#o& di&t+ Fhy ,s time i$su##i!ie$tG Fe $e%"e!ted to *"$ #o& the
time &e=ui&ed to mobi"i:e soi"s testi$%+C The &oot !use ,s
ssumi$% soi" !o$ditio$s ,ou"d be the sme+ A *&o!ess #"o,
di%&m mi%ht h'e &e'e"ed the si%$i#i!$!e o# tht ssum*tio$+
Fi"u&e Y7- Fi"ed to dete&mi$eJ!oo&di$te "o!tio$ o#
eseme$ts #te& #i$" desi%$ by Te/s Uti"ities+ Reso$ *&o'ided-
*&e&e=uisite ,o&1+ BP&e&e=uisite desi%$ ,o&1 i$'o"'ed the
dete&mi$tio$ o# &outi$% $d se&'i!e o*tio$s+ The&e ,s !o$#usio$
o'e& ,ho ,s &es*o$sib"e+ The&e ,e&e de"ys o$ the *&t o# TU
E"e!t&i! due to the bse$!e o# 1ey *eo*"e+C Fi"u&e to s*e!i#y ,ho
,s to do ,ht *&e'e$ted &e=uesti$% s*e!i#i! !ommitme$t #&om
TU E"e!t&i!+ I# TU E"e!t&i! &e#used to m1e tht !ommitme$t.
Ci'i" !ou"d h'e &e#used to !!e*t its !tio$ item u$ti" &e!ei*t o#
thei& i$*ut+ I# TU E"e!t&i! hd !ommitted. Ci'i" mi%ht h'e bee$
i$#o&med ,he$ 1ey *eo*"e ,e&e bse$t+
Lo, PPC ,s tt&ibuted by some membe&s o# the m$%eme$t tem to the "!1 o#
!o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte. $d the !o$se=ue$t use by su**"ie&s o# &esou&!es o$ mo&e u&%e$t
*&o8e!ts+ The hi%h *e&!e$t%e o# *"$ #i"u&es due to !o$#"i!ti$% dem$ds **e&s to be
su**o&ti'e o# this !"im+ Ho,e'e&. this &eso$s $"ysis e/e&!ise $d obse&'tio$ o#
te"e!o$#e&e$!es su%%ests tht !o$t&ibuti$% !uses ,e&e #i"u&e to **"y =u"ity !&ite&i
to
ssi%$me$ts $d #i"u&e to "e&$ #&om *"$ #i"u&es th&ou%h $"ysis $d !tio$ o$
&eso$s+
H.; T,e N!t#e o+ t,e De()0n P#oce(( !n/ I$p")c!t)on( +o# P#oce((
Cont#o"
;M1i$%; hs the 8ob o# !o$#o&mi$% to &e=ui&eme$ts+ Desi%$ *&odu!es those
&e=ui&eme$ts+ I# the&e ,e&e !om*"ete *&edi!tbi"ity o# desi%$;s out*ut. desi%$ ,ou"d
%e$e&te $o '"ue+ Co$se=ue$t"y. '&ibi"ity *"ys di##e&e$t &o"e i$ desi%$ s o**osed to
!o$st&u!tio$ 5Rei$e&tse$. >AA?9+ This &ises the =uestio$ o# the ty*e o# !o$t&o"
**&o*&ite to %e$e&ti'e *&o!esses "i1e desi%$+
Let us #i&st !o$side& mo&e !"ose"y the $tu&e o# the desi%$ *&o!ess+ Co$side& the ts1
o# *&odu!i$% *i*i$% isomet&i! d&,i$% 'e&sus the ts1 o# doi$% *i*i$% "yout #o&
%i'e$ &e+ I$ o&de& to do the "yout. the desi%$e& must 1$o, ,he&e othe& ob8e!ts &e
"o!ted i$ the s*!e+ She must 1$o, "o!tio$s. dime$sio$s. mte&i" !om*ositio$s. $d
o*e&ti$% !h&!te&isti!s o# e$d0*oi$ts+ Some o# these !o$st&i$ts $d !o$ditio$s o# he&
*&ob"em ,i"" $ot !h$%e+ Some my ,e"" !h$%e i$ &es*o$se to he& di##i!u"ty !hie'i$%
stis#!to&y so"utio$+ Co$se=ue$t"y. the #i$" *i*i$% "yout ,i"" eme&%e #&om *&o!ess o#
$e%otitio$ $d d8ustme$t. ,hi!h !$$ot be dete&mi$ed i$ d'$!e+
A$ e/m*"e #&om the Ne/t St%e !se i""ust&tes the *oi$t+ The desi%$ tem ,s
#!ed ,ith se"e!ti$% the thete& sets. ,hi!h mi%ht **e& t #i&st %"$!e to be #i&"y
sim*"e *&ob"em o# **"yi$% !&ite&i de&i'ti'e #&om the %e$e&" "e'e" o# ;=u"ity; desi&ed i$
the #!i"ity b"$!ed %i$st the *u&!hse *&i!e o# the sets+ I$ #!t. the !&ite&i &e #&
#&om st&i%ht#o&,&d o& sim*"e+ Sets !$ eithe& be mou$ted o$ the #"oo& o& &ise&0
mou$ted. the !hoi!e bet,ee$ them bei$% i$te&de*e$de$t ,ith the st&u!tu&" *ds #o& the
sets. ,hi!h i$ tu&$ !o$st&i$s !hoi!es &e%&di$% the &etu&$ i& *"e$um. ,hi!h !$ eithe&
%o th&ou%h the #"oo& o& &ise&s+ Tht !hoi!e i$ tu&$ im*!ts !"e$i$% time $d !ost- ho,
=ui!1"y !$ they set u* #o& the $e/t sho,G As it h**e$s. !hi&s !ome ,ith di##e&e$t
ty*es o# u*ho"ste&y. ,hi!h !$ !h$%e the mou$t $d ty*e o# smo1e to be &emo'ed+
Com*o$e$ts su!h s !hi&s my $ot be o##e&ed i$ "" '&ieties< e+%+. "thou%h ,e
mi%ht *&e#e& &ise&0mou$ted !hi&. su!h !hi&s o$"y !ome ,ith !e&ti$ ty*e o#
u*ho"ste&y tht ,ou"d o'e&"od !u&&e$t *"$s #o& smo1e &emo'"+ E'e&ythi$%;s !o$$e!ted
to e'e&ythi$%+ Fe &e desi%$i$% o$e ,ho"e. so *&ts h'e the "o%i! o# *&t to ,ho"e.
*ote$ti""y !o$#"i!ti$% *&o*e&ties. et!+ P&odu!t desi%$ de!isio$s !$ im*!t the e$ti&e
&$%e o# ;i"ties;- bui"dbi"ity. o*e&bi"ity. mi$ti$bi"ity. et!+. et!+ I$ this !se. de"y i$
se"e!ti$% !hi&s de"yed #i$" dete&mi$tio$ o# st&u!tu&" %eomet&y. ,hi!h i$ tu&$ de"yed
!om*"etio$ o# the 6D mode" o# the st&u!tu&e+
O'e&"y ;&tio$"isti!; mode"s o# *&ob"em so"'i$% *&o!esses &e i$**&o*&ite #o& the
desi%$ *&o!ess. ,hi!h &the& os!i""tes bet,ee$ !&ite&i $d "te&$ti'es. s i$ %ood
!o$'e&stio$ #&om ,hi!h e'e&yo$e "e&$s 5See Co$1"i$ $d Fei";s NFi!1ed P&ob"emsN
#o& $othe& *&ese$ttio$ o# this ide+9+ I$ thei& *oft *ystems (ethodolo"y. Che!1"$d $d
S!ho"es o##e& the sme !&iti=ue o# ;h&d; systems thi$1i$% s **"ied to !tio$ &ese&!h<
i+e+. su!h thi$1i$% #i"ed be!use it ssumed tht ob8e!ti'es ,e&e de#i$ed $d the ts1 ,s
sim*"y to dete&mi$e ho, to !hie'e those ob8e!ti'es+ Rthe& th$ !o$!ei'i$% the *&o8e!t
*&o!ess to !o$sist o# dete&mi$i$% desi%$ !&ite&i the$ **"yi$% those !&ite&i i$ the
*&odu!tio$ o# the desi%$. desi%$ shou"d be !o$!ei'ed s '"ue %e$e&ti$% *&o!ess
dedi!ted to the *&o%&essi'e dete&mi$tio$ o# both e$ds $d me$s+
S*e!i"i:tio$ is esse$ti" #o& su!!ess#u" desi%$+ No o$e !$ u$de&st$d i$ deti"
"" the di##e&e$t ty*es o# !&ite&i. !o$st&i$ts. $d "te&$ti'es tht mi%ht be !o$side&ed+
Ho,e'e&. s*e!i"ists te$d to,&d subo*timi:tio$ be!use they be!ome d'o!tes #o&
,ht they u$de&st$d to be im*o&t$t. o#te$ ,ithout su##i!ie$t u$de&st$di$% o# ,ht
e"se is im*o&t$t
(D
+ S*e!i"ists &e o#te$ d'o!tes #o& the *&io&ity o# s*e!i#i! !&ite&iS
Gi'e$ this '"ue %e$e&ti$% $tu&e o# desi%$. !o$t&o"s bsed o$ the mode" o# #te&0
the0#!t dete!tio$ o# $e%ti'e '&i$!es i$e'itb"y #o!us e$ti&e"y o$ !o$t&o""i$% time $d
!ost. "e'i$% desi%$ =u"ity s the de*e$de$t '&ib"e 5*+>AA. Rei$e&tse$. >AA?9+ Fht is
$eeded is *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system tht e/*"odes ts1s $e& i$ time to thei&
*e&#o&m$!e. o$e tht !ou$te&!ts the te$de$!y to subo*timi:tio$ by e/*"i!it"y #o!usi$%
!ommo$ tte$tio$ o$ desi%$ !&ite&i. o$e tht #!i"ittes '"ue %e$e&tio$ $d i$#o&mtio$
#"o, mo$% s*e!i"ists< i+e+. the Lst P"$$e& system+
H.< E'!"!t)on o+ L!(t P"!nne# I$p"e$ent!t)on
Fou& Ne/t St%e *&o8e!t m$%e&s e'"uted im*"eme$ttio$ $d e##e!ti'e$ess o# the
Lst P"$$e& system i$ &es*o$se to sho&t su&'ey *&odu!ed by the utho&+ The #ou& &ted
Lst P"$$e& e##e!ti'e$ess &e"ti'e to t&ditio$" #o&ms o# *&o8e!t !o$t&o" 7. 7. H. $d ? o$
s!"e o# > to ?. ,hi!h is e=ui'"e$t to syi$% tht Lst P"$$e& ,s DD@ mo&e e##e!ti'e
th$ t&ditio$" *&!ti!e+ Ho,e'e&. e/mi$tio$ o# !tu" *&!ti!e o$ the *&o8e!t su%%ests
t&eme$dous o**o&tu$ity #o& #u&the& im*&o'eme$t+
P"us- 0ttem*ted to se"e!t o$"y ssi%$me$ts $eeded to &e"ese othe& ,o&1
0mesu&ed $d !ommu$i!ted PPC $d &eso$s
(D
See L"oyd. et "+. >AA? #o& the te$de$!y to see o$e;s ts1 i$ te&ms o# o$e;s ;*&odu!t;
&the& th$ i$ te&ms o# *&ti!i*ti$% i$ $ ite&ti'e. i$te&!ti'e. e'o"'i$% *&o!ess+
Mi$us- 0mi$im" *&e*&tio$ o# *&ti!i*$ts
0$o ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o" $d m1e &edy *&o!ess
0*oo& de#i$itio$ o# ssi%$me$ts
0$o !tio$ o$ &eso$s
E!h !tio$ item ,s dete&mi$ed !om*"eted o& i$!om*"ete. $d &eso$s ,e&e se"e!ted
#&om the "ist o# !te%o&ies+ Ho,e'e&. $o $"ysis o# &eso$s ,s do$e. eithe& du&i$% o&
bet,ee$ te"e!o$#e&e$!es+ The&e ,s "so $o **&e$t ttem*t to !t o$ the &eso$s tht
,e&e ide$ti#ied+ Fo&1 se"e!tio$ ,s tested %i$st the L*u""M &e=ui&eme$t by s1i$% ,hy
it ,s $eeded to be do$e $o,. but &&e"y ,e&e ssi%$me$ts &e8e!ted #o& u$sou$d$ess o&
si:e+ F&e=ue$t"y. it **e&ed tht ssi%$me$ts ,e&e !!e*ted ,ith the im*"i!it
!ommitme$t to do o$eMs best &the& th$ $ e/*"i!it !ommitme$t to !om*"ete bsed o$
1$o,"ed%e o# the e/e!utio$ *&o!ess. u$de&st$di$% o# &e"e'$t !&ite&i. ide$ti#i!tio$
o# $eeded i$#o&mtio$" i$*uts. $d ""o!tio$ o# $e!ess&y &esou&!es+ Assi%$me$ts
,e&e $ot systemti!""y e/*"oded i$to $ o*e&tio$s "e'e" o# deti" $d. !o$se=ue$t"y.
the i$te&de*e$de$!e o# ssi%$me$ts ,s o#te$ $ot u$de&stood+
I$ summ&y. Ne/t St%e did $ot #u""y !h$%e its *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system #&om the
t&ditio$". $d eithe& did $ot im*"eme$t o& did $ot im*"eme$t !om*"ete"y the e"eme$ts o#
the Lst P"$$e& system< i+e+. ,o&1 #"o, !o$t&o". *&odu!tio$ u$it !o$t&o". $d "e&$i$%
*&o!ess+ No$ethe"ess. the Ne/t St%e e/*e&ie$!e ,s '"ub"e #o& its !o$t&ibutio$s to
"e&$i$% $d #u&the& de'e"o*me$t o# the Lst P"$$e& System+ Mu!h hs bee$ "e&$ed
$d de'e"o*ed si$!e the Ne/t St%e !se+ O**o&tu$ities $d $eeds #o& the #utu&e &e ,e""
summ&i:ed by Ed Be!1. Li$be!1 *&o8e!t m$%e&. i$ the #o""o,i$% &es*o$se to the
utho&;s su&'ey =uestio$- What improvements in LP* BLast Planner *ystem) ob6ectives.
procedures. or implementation do you su""est for future pro6ects?
C"ie$t buy0i$ t the use& "e'e"
Com*"ete o&ie$ttio$ o# "" *&ti!i*$ts
A sim*"e& '"ue st&em
A mo&e systemti! #o&mt
A bette& "ist o# &eso$s to !te%o&i:e *"$$i$% #i"u&es
Uti"i:tio$ o# the 7 ,hy;s
Uti"i:tio$ o# the H ,ee1 "oo1hed
A mo&e e/*editious ,y to meet $d !&ete ,ee1"y *"$
Pe&iodi! &e'isiti$% o# the '"ue st&em
Pub"ishi$% %&*hs $d &eso$s $d $s,e&s to =uestio$s to ""
A tu$e0u* meeti$% t st&te%i! times "o$% the !ou&se o# the *&o8e!t
Pe&iodi! ssessme$t !om*&i$% ,ht is h**e$i$% 'e&sus ,ht $o&m""y h**e$s+
H.G Le!#n)n0(
The Ne/t St%e !se study &ei$#o&!ed the $eed to im*&o'e *"$ &e"ibi"ity i$ desi%$
*&o!esses $d "so su%%ested im*&o'eme$ts to the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system &e=ui&ed to
!hie'e bette& *"$ &e"ibi"ity+
0m1e su&e *&o8e!t m$%eme$t u$de&st$ds the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" system $d
its ob8e!ti'es
0*&o'ide dditio$" t&i$i$% to *&ti!i*$ts
0i$!"ude L*u""e&M o$ !tio$ item "o%
0e/*"ode s!hedu"ed !ti'ities usi$% the A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode"< i+e+. s*e!i#y the
*&o!ess to be used to !om*"ete $ ssi%$me$t. the di&e!ti'es o& !&ite&i to ,hi!h
it must !o$#o&m. the *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 $eeded #&om othe&s. $d the &esou&!es
$e!ess&y to do the ,o&1+
0estb"ish "oo1hed ,i$do, ,ith s!&ee$i$% !&ite&i #o& d'$!eme$t
0t&!1 the sttus o# ssi%$me$ts s they mo'e th&ou%h the "oo1hed ,i$do,
9do*t si:i$% !&ite&io$ #o& ssi%$me$ts tht !o$siste$t"y dem$ds "ess out*ut
#&om *&odu!tio$ u$its th$ thei& estimted !*!ity to !!ommodte '&ibi"ity i$
!*!ity+ 5This seems es*e!i""y im*o&t$t #o& desi%$+ Othe& studies su%%est tht
&outi$e"y ()@ o# !*!ity is used to do $eeded but *&e'ious"y u$de#i$ed ,o&1
e!h ,ee1+9
0im*&o'e the !te%o&i:tio$ o# &eso$s $d &eso$s $"ysis to #!i"itte
im*"eme$ttio$ o# the "e&$i$% *&o!ess. ,hi!h !o$sists o#- $"y:e &eso$s to
!tio$b"e !uses. ssi%$ o& t1e !o&&e!ti'e !tio$. $d &e!o&d &esu"ts+
CHAPTER SE*EN: CASE THREE9PACIFIC
CONTRACTING
J.1 P#o6ect De(c#)pt)on !n/ L!(t P"!nne# I$p"e$ent!t)on
P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% is s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to& *&im&i"y i$'o"'ed i$ desi%$ $d i$st""tio$
o# bui"di$% e$'e"o*es< i+e+. !"ddi$% $d &oo#i$% systems+ The utho& be%$ ,o&1i$% ,ith
the !om*$y i$ >AA7 s !o$su"t$t+ Subse=ue$t"y. P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% be!me !h&te&
membe& o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute $d its P&eside$t. Todd 3be""e. be!me $
LCI *&t$e&+
Im*"eme$ttio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system by s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to& is im*o&t$t #o&
se'e&" &eso$s+ Fi&st o# "". s*e!i"ists ,o&1 #o& m$y %e$e&" !o$t&!to&s. $ot "" o#
,hom my e$do&se the Lst P"$$e& *&i$!i*"es $d ob8e!ti'es+ Se!o$d"y. the
s*e!i"ist hs di##e&e$t &o"e i$ the *&odu!tio$ system th$ does %e$e&" !o$t&!to& o&
!o$st&u!tio$ m$%e&+ The "tte&;s &o"e is *&im&i"y to !oo&di$te *&odu!tio$. but the
*&odu!tio$ itse"# is do$e by s*e!i"ists. e'e$ i# they &e di&e!t"y em*"oyed by the %e$e&"
!o$t&!to&+ D&,i$% o$ m$u#!tu&i$% $"o%y. the s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to& is "i1e 8ob
sho*. ,hi"e the !oo&di$to& is "i1e $ ssemb"e&+ M$y o# the #u$!tio$s o# the Lst
P"$$e& system. su!h s mt!hi$% "od to !*!ity. #"" mo&e *&ti!u"&"y o$ the s*e!i"ist.
,hethe& desi%$ o& !o$st&u!tio$. th$ o$ the !oo&di$to& o# desi%$ o& !o$st&u!tio$
*&o!esses+
J.: PPC !n/ Re!(on(
P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%. usi$% the "test too"s $d te!h$i=ues de'e"o*ed by the utho&.
*&ti!i*ted i$ the e##o&t to dis!o'e& ho, to im*&o'e PPC to $d bo'e the A)@ "e'e". $
LCI &ese&!h *&o8e!t+ The dt !o""e!tio$ *e&iod e/te$ded #o& D> ,ee1s. e$di$% i$ mid0
O!tobe&. >AAA
(7
+ As !$ be see$ #&om Fi%u&e ?+>. the&e **e&s to h'e bee$ *e&iod o#
im*&o'eme$t th&ou%h Fee1 >A. the$ de!"i$e #o""o,ed by $othe& u*,&d t&e$d
th&ou%h Fee1 (E. #o""o,ed by b&ie# *e&iod o# de!"i$e. ,ith #i$""y $othe& u*,&d
t&e$d th&ou%h the *e&iod o# dt !o""e!tio$+
&i"ure 7%$
100
<
=0<
80<
>0<
?0<
@0<
40<
30<
20<
10<
0<
Percen$P32n:o-&3e$e=0<43<?>< 4Week!o#ingA#er2ge
Pacific Contractin"+PPC
(7
The LCI &ese&!h o$ im*&o'i$% PPC !o$ti$ued beyo$d the dt !o""e!tio$
*e&iod &e*o&ted i$ this disse&ttio$+
A *ossib"e e/*"$tio$ #o& the de!"i$e is tht 'e&y sm"" $umbe& o# ssi%$me$ts ,e&e
!tu""y mde &edy i$ time to be *"!ed o$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s. so tht si$%"e
$o$!om*"etio$ &e%iste&ed s &e"ti'e"y "&%e *e&!e$t%e o# #i"u&es+ As sho,$ i$ Tb"e
?+>. #&om Fee1 >? th&ou%h Fee1 (6. $o mo&e th$ D ts1s ,e&e ssi%$ed o$ ,ee1"y
,o&1 *"$s+ F&om Fee1 >A th&ou%h (6. t "est o$e ,ee1"y ssi%$me$t ,s $ot
!om*"eted. "imiti$% PPC to m/imum o# ?7@+ This "i1e"y im*!t o# "oo1hed *"$$i$%
o$ PPC dds im*etus to the $eed #o& #utu&e de'e"o*me$t o# met&i!s s*e!i#i!""y #o& the
"oo1hed *&o!ess $d its im*&o'eme$t+
#able 7%$
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Percent Plan Co#plete 90% 43% 67% 50% 67% 100% 69% 100
%
7 Week 0oving Average 0% 0% 0% 65% 58% 70% 71% 79%
Activities $cheduled 10 7 9 8 12 8 13 5
Activities Co#plete 9 3 6 4 8 8 9 5
+otal !nco#pletions 1 4 3 4 4 0 4 0
Client 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)ngineering 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0aterials 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
)2uip#ent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cra"t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pre1(e2uisite 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
$ucontractor 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0
Plan 1 1 1 3 3 0 1 0
Weather 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Week 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Percent Plan Co#plete 80% 88% 100% 63% 83% 83% 100% 83%
Client 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)ngineering 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0aterials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)2uip#ent 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Cra"t 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Pre1(e2uisite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
$ucontractor 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Plan 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Weather 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Week 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Client 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
)ngineering 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0aterials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)2uip#ent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cra"t 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Pre1(e2uisite 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
$ucontractor 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Plan 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Weather 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Week 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Activities $cheduled @ 3 = @ 3 > 4 4
Client 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
)ngineering 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0aterials 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
)2uip#ent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cra"t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pre1(e2uisite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
$ucontractor 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Plan 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Weather 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Week 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Percent Plan Co#plete80% 100% 86% 90% 100% 71% 79% 82% 92%
7 Week 0oving Ave 65% 73% 78% 88% 91% 86% 83% 81% 82%
Activities $cheduled 5 2 7 10 4 7 14 11 12
Activities Co#plete 4 2 6 9 4 5 11 9 11
+otal !nco#pletions 1 0 1 1 0 2 3 2 1
Activities $cheduled @ 2 > 10 4 7 14 11 12
Client 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
)ngineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0aterials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)2uip#ent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cra"t 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0
Pre1(e2uisite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
$ucontractor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plan 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
Weather 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pacific Contractin"+PPC <ata and Aeasons
P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% !te%o&i:ed &eso$s #o& $o$!om*"etio$ o# ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts i$
te&ms o# C"ie$t. E$%i$ee&i$%. Mte&i"s. E=ui*me$t. C&#t. P&e&e=uisite Fo&1.
Sub!o$t&!to&. P"$. o& Fethe&+ B&et 3be""e. O*e&tio$s M$%e& #o& P!i#i!
Co$t&!ti$%. *&o'ided the #o""o,i$% !omme$ts &e%&di$% thei& &eso$s !te%o&ies-
NAs I st&ted to ,&ite ou& de#i$itio$ o# e$%i$ee&i$% s &eso$. I hd mome$t o#
!"&ity+ E$%i$ee&i$% !$$ot be &eso$+ You eithe& h'e the e$%i$ee&i$% #o&
ts1 !om*"ete o& you do$;t+ I# you do$;t h'e the e$%i$ee&i$% !om*"ete. the ts1
shou"d $ot be s!hedu"ed o$ ,o&1 *"$+ The o$"y i$st$!es I !$ thi$1 o# #o&
e$%i$ee&i$% is mis!"!u"tio$ o# =u$tities. st&u!tu&" !o""*se o& #i"u&e+
NC&#t-Fhe$ "" the &esou&!es &e 'i"b"e to *e&#o&m ts1 o$ the FFP
5,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$9 $d the !&#t ,o&1e&s do somethi$% di##e&e$t+ A"so &e#e&s to
!&#t bse$teeism+
NSub!o$t&!to&- This is simi"& to e$%i$ee&i$% s &eso$+ I# ,e h'e
sub!o$t&!to& ,ho did $ot !om*"ete *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 i$ #&o$t o# us. ,e shou"d
$ot *ut ou& !ti'ity o$ the FFP u$ti" it is 'i"b"e+ A"so &e#e&s to #b&i!to&s+
They *&omise !om*o$e$ts ,i"" be #b&i!ted by !e&ti$ dte $d #i"+
NP"$- P"$$i$% #i"u&es o!!u& ,he$ ,e do stu*id thi$%s "i1e s!hedu"e
!ti'ities i# the e$%i$ee&i$% is $ot !om*"ete. mte&i"s. too"s $d ,o&1e&s &e $ot
'i"b"e. ou& o,$ sub!o$t&!to&s o& othe& !o$t&!to&s h'e $ot !om*"eted
*&e&e=uisite !ti'ities+ Sometimes ,e s!hedu"e ts1s tht &e mo&e !om*"e/ th$
,e thou%ht+N
Co$side&i$% &eso$s #o& #i"u&es to !om*"ete ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts. s sho,$ i$ Tb"e ?+>
$d "so %&*hi!""y i$ Fi%u&e ?+(. mu!h the most !ommo$ &eso$ ,s NP"$N. P!i#i!
Co$t&!ti$%;s o,$ dis&e%&d o# ssi%$me$t =u"ity !&ite&i o& i$bi"ity to u$de&st$d ho,
the *"$$ed ,o&1 ,s to be do$e. $d to $ti!i*te "" the ste*s $d &esou&!es $e!ess&y+
The $e/t most #&e=ue$t &eso$ ,s e&&o&s o# some so&t i$ e/e!utio$ o# ssi%$me$ts by
P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%;s !&#t su*e&'iso&s $d ,o&1e&s+
A"to%ethe&. the 'st m8o&ity o# ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ #i"u&es ,e&e ,e"" ,ithi$ the
!o$t&o" o# P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$%+ Ho,e'e&. it shou"d be &emembe&ed tht mtte&s mi%ht be
8ust the o**osite s &e%&ds the "oo1hed *&o!ess ,hi!h m1es &edy ssi%$me$ts #o&
se"e!tio$ i$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s+ A%i$. ,e &e &emi$ded o# the im*o&t$!e o# mesu&i$%
$d $"y:i$% "oo1hed *&o!ess *e&#o&m$!e+
&i"ure 7%2
P32n
We2$4er
:3ien$
Engineering
!2$eri23s
E+%i&-en$
:r2,$
S%.con$r2c$or
Pre80e+%isi$e
Pacific Contractin"+Aeasons
J.; O4(e#'!t)on(
Du&i$% the *e&iod o# dt !o""e!tio$. P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% did $ot ,o&1 ,ith si$%"e
%e$e&" !o$t&!to& tht emb&!ed the Lst P"$$e& system+ S*e!i"ists **e& to h'e
t&eme$dous di##i!u"ty !hie'i$% hi%h "e'e"s o# PPC ,he$ $ot ,o&1i$% o$ ;"st *"$$e&;
*&o8e!ts+ The !o$se=ue$t "!1 o# &esou&!e uti"i:tio$ is ,ste the &e!o'e&y o# ,hi!h
!ou"d !o$t&ibute to #ste& o& mo&e *&o8e!ts+ O$ the othe& side o# the mtte&. s*e!i"ity
!o$t&!to& e##o&ts to 'oid tht ,ste seem i$e'itb"y to de!&ese both *"$ &e"ibi"ity $d
*&o%&ess o# *&o8e!ts s see$ #&om the *e&s*e!ti'e o# *&o8e!t !oo&di$to&s+
O$!e ,o&1 is 'i"b"e to s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&s. they **e&0bsed o$ this o$e
i$st$!e0to be b"e to !hie'e &e"ti'e"y hi%h "e'e" o# *"$ &e"ibi"ity. "imited most"y by
thei& o,$ bi"ity to *"$ $d e/e!ute+
J.< Le!#n)n0(
Fo& s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&s to i$!&ese *"$ &e"ibi"ity to the A)@ "e'e" $d bo'e &e=ui&es
tht the !oo&di$to&s o# the *&o8e!ts o$ ,hi!h they ,o&1 emb&!e the Lst P"$$e&
system;s ob8e!ti'es $d es*e!i""y the "oo1hed *&o!ess. ,hi!h is dedi!ted to m1i$%
ts1s &edy #o& ssi%$me$t $d to b"$!i$% "od $d !*!ity+ Fo& thei& *&t. s*e!i"ity
!o$t&!to&s must dhe&e to the dis!i*"i$e o# Lst P"$$e& &u"es $d *e&h*s "so use the
te!h$i=ue o# #i&st &u$ studies
(H
mo&e !o$siste$t"y $d ,e""+
(H
Fi&st &u$ studies &e e/te$si'e *"$$i$% o# u*!omi$% o*e&tio$s by !&oss #u$!tio$"
tem i$!"udi$% &e*&ese$tti'es o# those ,ho &e to do the #i&st o*e&tio$. #o""o,ed
by methodi!" study. &edesi%$ o# the o*e&tio$. $d &et&i" u$ti" st$d&d is
estb"ished to meet o& bet #o& e/e!utio$ o# tht o*e&tio$+ Fi&st &u$ studies #o""o,
the She,h&t P"$0Do0Che!10A!t !y!"e. mde *o*u"& by F+ Ed,&ds Demi$%+
CHAPTER EIGHT: CASE FOUR9OLD CHEMISTRC
BUILDING RENO*ATION PROBECT
I.1 P#o6ect De(c#)pt)on !n/ L!(t P"!nne# I$p"e$ent!t)on
Li$be!1 Co$st&u!tio$. #ou$di$% membe& o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute. ,s the
%e$e&" !o$t&!to& #o& Ri!e U$i'e&sity;s O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ P&o8e!t i$
Housto$. Te/s+ Li$be!1 b&ou%ht 4oh$ Ps!h. Ri!e;s #!i"ities m$%e&. to the Nee$$
Com*$y;s $$u" ,i$te& !o$#e&e$!e i$ >AAE+ At tht !o$#e&e$!e. 4mes Fom!1 s*o1e
o$ the $eed $d o**o&tu$ity to e/te$d "e$ *&odu!tio$ 5m$u#!tu&i$%9 !o$!e*ts $d
te!h$i=ues to the !o$st&u!tio$ i$dust&y $d G&e% Ho,e""
(?
sh&ed the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$
I$stitute;s 'isio$ o# tht **"i!tio$+ 4oh$ ,s su##i!ie$t"y im*&essed tht he ""o,ed
Li$be!1 to $e%otite ,ith its *&im&y sub!o$t&!to&s &the& th$ !om*etiti'e"y bid
them s hd bee$ the U$i'e&sity;s *&!ti!e+ At this *oi$t. subst$ti" bui"di$% *&o%&m
stood i$ the o##i$% $d Li$be!1 ,s o$e o# th&ee !o$t&!to&s !om*eti$% #o& the "io$;s
sh&e+
2thy 4o$es. Li$be!1;s *&o8e!t m$%e&. hd the utho& !o$du!t se'e&" edu!tio$"
$d t&i$i$% sessio$s ,ith *&o8e!t *e&so$$e". i$!"udi$% the &!hite!t+ U$#o&tu$te"y. the
&!hite!t &e#used to *&ti!i*te i$ the Lst P"$$e& system+ Ho,e'e&. the sub!o$t&!to&s
be!me tot""y !ommitted $d e$thusisti! bout the *"$$i$% *&o!ess du&i$% the !ou&se
o# the 8ob. s did Ri!e U$i'e&sity;s *e&so$$e"+ The *&o8e!t ,s !om*"eted to 'e&y
%%&essi'e s!hedu"e to the stis#!tio$ o# use&s $d ,ithi$ the bud%et+ Ri!e U$i'e&sity
,s so ,e"" *"esed ,ith the *e&#o&m$!e tht Li$be!1 ,o$ its Fo$d&e$ Lib&&y P&o8e!t.
$d is ,e"" situted to do &ou%h"y h"# bi""io$ do""&s ,o&th o# ,o&1 i$ the Ri!e
P&o%&m o'e& the $e/t se'e&" ye&s+
I.: PPC !n/ Re!(on(
The utho& #!i"itted tem s!hedu"i$% e/e&!ises tht *&odu!ed $ o'e&"" *&o8e!t
s!hedu"e. the$ mo&e deti"ed s!hedu"e #o& the i$iti" *hse o# ,o&1 $d the desi%$
de'e"o*me$t $eeded to su**o&t it+ Tht *hse s!hedu"e be!me the d&i'e& #o& ,ee1"y
,o&1 *"$$i$%. the &esu"ts o# ,hi!h &e sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e E+>+
O'e& *e&iod o# **&o/imte"y e"e'e$ ,ee1s. PPC &ose to "e'e" o# E7@ o& so. the$
stbi"i:ed t tht "e'e" #o& the du&tio$ o# the *&o8e!t+ This ,s $ u$*&e!ede$ted
!!om*"ishme$t t the time. $d &esu"ted #&om the dedi!tio$ o# the o,$e&. %e$e&"
!o$t&!to&. $d sub!o$t&!to& *e&so$$e" to the Lst P"$$e& System $d its %o" o# *"$
&e"ibi"ity+ 2thy 4o$es &ei$#o&!ed the Lst P"$$e& *&i$!i*"es by #i$i$% those ,ho used
the e/*&essio$ ;I ho*e; o& ;ho*e#u""y; i$ !o$$e!tio$ ,ith !ommitme$t to do ,o&1+ 5The
#i$e ,s si/ *!1 o# bee& to be !o""e!ted t the *&o8e!t0e$di$% !e"eb&tio$+9 The *&o8e!t
m$%e& #o& o$e sub!o$t&!to& 'o"u$tee&ed t $ LCI &ese&!h ,o&1sho* tht NIt;s #u$ to
%o to ,o&1 $o,SN
(?
Co0#ou$de& ,ith the utho& o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute i$ Au%ust. >AA?+
&i"ure H%$
100/0<
=0/0<
80/0<
>0/0<
?0/0<
@0/0<
PP:
4 Wk !#g A#e/
40/0<
30/0<
20/0<
10/0<
0/0<
1 2 3 4 @ ? > 8 = 10 11 12 13 14 1@ 1? 1> 18 1= 20 21 22 23 24 2@ 2? 2> 28 2=
Jld Chemistry 7uildin"+PPC
#able H%$
D!te 1E:GEKK :E1EKK :EIEKK :E1GEKK :E::EKK :E:KEKK ;EIEKK ;E1GEKK ;E::EKK ;E:KEKK <EGEKK <E1:EKK <E1KEKK <E:HEKK
Ts1s
Com*"eted
() 6E D) DE DA DD DH DH 7H 7? ?> HH HH HH
Ts1s
Assi%$ed
6A 77 DA 7? H> H) 7? 7? HH HH ?? ?H ?7 E(
D!te GE;EKK GE10EKK GE1JEKK GE:<EKK HE1EKK HEJEKK HE1<EKK HE:1EKK HE:IEKK JEHEKK JE1:EKK JE1KEKK JE:HEKK
Ts1s H) 76 H7 HD 7) 77 H7 HA H( H( HH H6 ?6
Com*"eted
Ts1s HD H( ?( HA 7H HD ?( E) H? E6 ?H ?> E)
Assi%$ed
D!te IE:EKK IEKEKK
Ts1s Com*"eted 7A 76
Ts1s Assi%$ed H? H7
Jld Chemistry 7uildin"+PPC <ata
O# the &e"ti'e"y #e, #i"u&es to !om*"ete ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts. most ,e&e !used by "!1
o# m$*o,e& o& #i"u&e to !om*"ete *&e&e=uisite ,o&1 5Nm1e &edyN9+ As this o!!u&&ed
du&i$% bui"di$% boom i$ the Housto$ &e. the "o, #&e=ue$!y o# m$*o,e& *&ob"ems is
testme$t to the sub!o$t&!to&s; dedi!tio$ to the *&o8e!t+
The &emi$i$% &eso$s !te%o&ies ,e&e S!hedu"e A!!u&!y 5the ssi%$me$t shou"d$;t
h'e bee$ mde9. Mte&i" De"i'e&ies. Desi%$ Coo&di$tio$. E=ui*me$t 5*&t o# the
bui"di$%. $ot !o$st&u!tio$ e=ui*me$t9. Re,o&1. Fethe&. $d O'e&!&o,di$%+
&i"ure H%2
3@<
30<
2@<
20<
1@<
10<
@<
0<
Jld Chemistry 7uildin"+Aeasons for Ioncompletions
I.; O4(e#'!t)on(
L!1 o# *&ti!i*tio$ by the &!hite!t ,s se&ious de#i!ie$!y o$ the *&o8e!t. *e&h*s
!o$!e"ed by the hi%h PPC $d "o, i$!ide$!e o# desi%$ !oo&di$tio$ s &eso$ #o&
#i"i$% to !om*"ete ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ ssi%$me$ts+ Desi%$ *&ob"ems did im*!t the 8ob.
but tht im*!t ,ou"d o$"y be e'ide$t i$ s!hedu"e !h$%es $d i$ the "oo1hed
*&o!ess+
U$#o&tu$te"y. the "oo1hed *&o!ess ,s $ot #u""y $d #o&m""y de'e"o*ed o$ this
*&o8e!t. i$ *&t be!use it ,s sti"" bei$% de#i$ed $d its te!h$i=ues !&eted t the time
O"d Chemist&y ,s i$itited+
Li$be!1 i$te$ds to e/te$d the Lst P"$$e& System to the desi%$ *hse o# the
Fo$d&e$ Lib&&y P&o8e!t. $d hs Ri!e U$i'e&sity;s %&eeme$t to 1ee* the sme
sub!o$t&!to&s i$ *"!e #o& tht *&o8e!t+ This !omme&!i" ""i$!e mo$% Li$be!1 $d its
;*&e#e&&ed; su**"ie&s is !&iti!" !om*o$e$t i$ the &e!i*e #o& su!!ess+
I.< Le!#n)n0(
O$ the *ositi'e side. the O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ P&o8e!t demo$st&ted tht
PPC !ou"d be mi$ti$ed !o$siste$t"y t "e'e" o# E7@ th&ou%h de'e"o*me$t $d
$u&tu&i$% o# tem,o&1 $d the subse=ue$t tem e$#o&!eme$t o# $o&ms $d &u"es+ The
!omme&!i" su!!ess o# the %e$e&" !o$t&!to& $d its sub!o$t&!to&s i$di!tes the *o,e&
$d im*!t o# i$!&esi$% *"$ &e"ibi"ity+ S*e!i#i! te!h$i=ues tht ,e&e t&i"ed su!!ess#u""y
o$ this *&o8e!t i$!"uded tem s!hedu"i$%. s*e!i#i!""y tem *&odu!tio$ o# deti"ed *hse
s!hedu"es. &esu"ti$% #&om i$te$se $e%otitio$ mo$% the s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&s
themse"'es. ,ithi$ s!hedu"e #&me,o&1 estb"ished by the %e$e&" !o$t&!to&+
As #o& thi$%s tht mi%ht be do$e bette& o$ #utu&e *&o8e!ts. im*"eme$ttio$ o# Lst
P"$$e& i$ desi%$ $d i$'o"'eme$t o# desi%$ *&o#essio$"s is !e&ti$"y $umbe& o$e+
Lesse& issues. but sti"" im*o&t$t. i$!"ude the $eed #o& mo&e t&$s*&e$t "oo1hed
*&o!ess $d the $eed #o& mo&e e/*"i!it "e&$i$% #&om $"ysis $d !tio$ o$ &eso$s #o&
#i"u&es+
CHAPTER NINE: CASE FI*E9MENECA PROBECT
K.1 PROBECT DESCRIPTION AND LAST PLANNER IMPLEMENTATION
B&$es Co$st&u!tio$ is membe& o# the Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute $d is emb&1ed o$
t&$s#o&mi$% itse"# i$to "e$ o&%$i:tio$+ P&t o# tht t&$s#o&mtio$ is to be !hie'ed
by im*"eme$ttio$ $d *e&#e!tio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"+
Im*"eme$ttio$ o# the Lst P"$$e& system be%$ ,ith !"ss&oom t&i$i$%. #o""o,ed by
site 'isits $d !o!hi$%. "" *&o'ided by the utho&+
3e$e! is biote!h$o"o%y !om*$y "o!ted i$ Ri!hmo$d. C"i#o&$i $e& S$
F&$!is!o+ The 3e$e! P&o8e!t &e*o&ted he&e is o$e o# se&ies o# seismi! &et&o#its o#
"bo&to&y $d o##i!e bui"di$%s bei$% *e&#o&med by B&$es+ O# "" the !ses i$!"uded i$
this disse&ttio$. the B&$es !se i$!o&*o&tes most o# "" *&e'ious "e&$i$%s $d the
"test de'e"o*me$ts i$ te!h$i=ue $d im*"eme$ttio$+ O$e o# the !&iti!" im*&o'eme$ts
to be see$ is i$ the methodi!" $"ysis $d &emo'" o# !o$st&i$ts #&om s!hedu"ed ts1s+
K.: PPC AND REASONS
As sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e A+>. the *e&iod o# dt !o""e!tio$ e/te$ded #&om the ,ee1 o# HJ(HJAA
th&ou%h the ,ee1 o# >)J>>JAA+ It **e&s tht PPC %&du""y im*&o'ed th&ou%hout tht
*e&iod u$ti" !u"mi$ti$% i$ #ou& !o$se!uti'e ,ee1s i$ ,hi!h PPC mesu&ed >))@+
Figure 9.1
120<
100<
80<
?0<
40<
20<
0<
?/28/== >/?/== >/12/== >/1=/== >/2?/== 8/2/== 8/=/== 8/1?/== 8/23/== 8/30/== =/>/== =/13/== =/20/== =/2>/== 10/4/== 10/11/== 10/18/== 10/2@/== 11/1/==
PP: 4 Wk !#g A#e
Keneca+PPC
Fith su!h hi%h *e&!e$t%e o# ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts !om*"eted. the&e ,e&e &e"ti'e"y #e,
Figure 9.2
S%. !2n&o1er
?<
Ins$2332$ion Error
?<
No$ De,ined
1?<
Decided $o 4o3d o,,
?<
P%33ed ,ro- 1rong 1eek
?<
S&2ce con,3ic$
11<
T4e,$ o, Co.c2$ 14ee3
?<
Design
11<
Prere+%isi$e Work
32<
Zeneca-Reasons
$o$!om*"etio$s. $d so #e, o!!sio$s #o& ide$ti#yi$% &eso$s #o& $o$!om*"etio$s+ Su!h
s ,e&e ide$ti#ied &e sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e A+(+
K.; CONSTRAINT ANALCSIS AND MAKE READC
The te!h$i=ue o# !o$st&i$ts $"ysis. *io$ee&ed o$ the CCSR P&o8e!t. be!me 1ey too"
i$ 3e$e!;s su!!ess+ As o&i%i$""y e$'isio$ed. sttus i$#o&mtio$ &e%&di$% !o$st&i$ts
,s !o""e!ted e!h ,ee1 o$ "" ts1s s!hedu"ed to st&t ,ithi$ the $e/t H ,ee1s+ Notes
$d !tio$ items ,e&e dded to the !o$st&i$t $"ysis #o&m to se&'e s &emi$de& to
'&ious *&ties &e%&di$% the !tio$s they $eeded to t1e to m1e ts1s &edy i$ time to
be *e&#o&med+ The *&im&y &u"e **"ied to this "oo1hed *&o!ess ,s to o$"y ""o, ts1s
to &eti$ thei& s!hedu"ed st&ts i# the *"$$e&s ,e&e !o$#ide$t they !ou"d be mde &edy i$
time+ Othe&,ise. they ,e&e to **e" #o& he"* to hi%he& "e'e"s o# thei& o&%$i:tio$s. the$.
i# m1e &edy !tio$s i$deed !ou"d $ot be t1e$ i$ time. de#e& the ts1 u$ti" it !ou"d be
mde &edy+
Fo""o,i$% is stteme$t. by this ,&ite&. o# the di&e!ti'es %o'e&$i$% the Lst P"$$e&
system i$st""tio$ $d e/e!utio$ t B&$es-
B!#ne( P#o/ct)on Cont#o" Re1)#e$ent(
>+ Ho"d ,ee1"y sub!o$t&!to& !oo&di$tio$ meeti$%s o$ e!h *&o8e!t. I$sist
sub!o$t&!to&s %i'e i$*ut i$to ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s $d "oo1hed s!hedu"es+
(+ Se"e!t ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ ssi%$me$ts #&om those tht meet =u"ity !&ite&i o#
de#i$itio$. sou$d$ess. se=ue$!e. $d si:e+ Issue ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s $d e/*e!t
e'e&y su*e&i$te$de$t $d #o&em$ to h'e them i$ thei& *o!1et+ Use the ,ee1"y
,o&1 *"$ #o&m $d be su&e to !om*"ete "" se!tio$s. i$!"udi$% m1e &edy $eeds
$d ,o&1b"e b!1"o%+ Fhe$ ssi%$ed ts1s e/te$d beyo$d o$e ,ee1. s*e!i#y
,ht ,o&1 is to be !om*"eted ,ithi$ the ,ee1+
6+ E!h ,ee1. !"!u"te the *e&!e$t *"$ !om*"ete 5PPC9 #o& the *&e'ious ,ee1 $d
ide$ti#y &eso$s #o& e!h ssi%$me$t tht ,s $ot !om*"eted+ T&y to %et to &oot
o& !tio$b"e !uses+ Do$;t bet *eo*"e u* #o& *"$ #i"u&e. but i$sist tht
they "e&$ #&om thei& e/*e&ie$!e+
D+ Mi$ti$ 7 ,ee1 "oo1hed s!hedu"e t "e'e" o# deti" $eeded to ide$ti#y m1e
&edy $eeds+ Add > ,ee1 e!h ,ee1+
7+ Do !o$st&i$ts $"ysis o$ e!h !ti'ity o$ the 7 ,ee1 "oo1hed s!hedu"e. usi$%
the !o$st&i$ts $"ysis #o&m+ Remembe& to m&1 $ !ti'ity s u$!o$st&i$ed
o$"y i# you h'e *ositi'e 1$o,"ed%e tht the !o$st&i$t does $ot e/ist o& hs
bee$ &emo'ed 5;%ui"ty u$ti" *&o'e$ i$$o!e$t;9+
H+ E!h ,ee1. emi" o& #/ the !o$st&i$ts $"ysis #o&m to e!h sub!o$t&!to& tht
hs !ti'ities s!hedu"ed o$ the "oo1hed $d s1 them to *&o'ide sttus
i$#o&mtio$+
?+ Assi%$ m1e &edy !tio$s s **&o*&ite< e+%+. the te!h$i!" e$%i$ee& ,i"" &eso"'e
RFIs. the *&o8e!t s*o$so& ,i"" e/*edite outst$di$% *yme$ts. the *&o8e!t
!o$t&o"s m$%e& ,i"" de" ,ith !o$t&!t $d !h$%e o&de& issues. et!+ Ob'ious"y.
sub!o$t&!to&s ,i"" "so h'e m1e &edy ts1s su!h s %e$e&ti$% submitt"s.
e/*editi$% #b&i!tio$ $d de"i'e&ies. !=ui&i$% $e!ess&y e=ui*me$t $d too"s.
&ese&'i$% "bo&. et!+
E+ Mi$ti$ sttused $d !u&&e$t mste& *&o8e!t s!hedu"e+
A+ I$'o"'e sub!o$t&!to&s i$ *&odu!i$% mste& $d *hse s!hedu"es+ Phse
s!hedu"es &e deti"ed *"$s #o& !om*"eti$% s*e!i#i! *hse o# *&o8e!t ,o&1< e+%+.
site *&e*&tio$. #ou$dtio$s. su*e&st&u!tu&e. s1i$. et!+ Use the tem s!hedu"i$%
te!h$i=ue i$ ,hi!h *&ti!i*$ts des!&ibe !ti'ities o$ sheets tht they sti!1 o$
,"". the$ $e%otite deti"s. se=ue$!i$%. et!+
Pro6ect Chec)list
>+ Does the *&o8e!t ho"d ,ee1"y sub!o$t&!to& !oo&di$ti$% meeti$%sG
(+ A&e ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$ #o&ms !om*"eted e!h ,ee1. i$!"udi$% m1e &edy $eeds
$d ,o&1b"e b!1"o%G
6+ A&e ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts de=ute"y de#i$ed< e+%+. is the ,o&1 to be !om*"eted
du&i$% the ,ee1 s*e!i#iedG
D+ A&e ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s used i$ the #ie"d< e+%+. does e'e&y #o&em$ $d
su*e&i$te$de$t !&&y it ,ith themG
7+ A&e ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s &e'ie,ed i$ the !oo&di$ti$% meeti$%s. PPC !"!u"ted.
$d &eso$s ide$ti#iedG
H+ Is 7 ,ee1 "oo1hed s!hedu"e mi$ti$ed. ,ith o$e ,ee1 dded e!h ,ee1G
?+ A&e sub!o$t&!to&s &e=uested e!h ,ee1 to *&o'ide sttus i$#o&mtio$ &e%&di$%
!o$st&i$ts o$ the !ti'ities "isted o$ the *&o8e!t "oo1hed s!hedu"eG
E+ Fhi!h sub!o$t&!to&s *&o'ide i$#o&mtio$ e!h ,ee1 #o& !o$st&i$ts $"ysisG
Fhi!h sub!o$t&!to&s do$;tG
A+ A&e m1e &edy !tio$s ssi%$ed e!h ,ee1G
>)+ Fht *eo*"e !&&y out thei& m1e &edy ssi%$me$tsG Fho does$;tG
>>+ Is the &u"e #o""o,ed tht !ti'ities 1ee* thei& s!hedu"ed dtes o$"y i# the *"$$e& is
!o$#ide$t they !$ be mde &edy i$ timeG
>(+ O# those !ti'ities s!hedu"ed to st&t ,ithi$ the $e/t 6 ,ee1s. ,ht *e&!e$t%e
&e $ot mde &edyG
>6+ Is the &u"e #o""o,ed to o$"y ""o, !ti'ities o$to ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s tht h'e hd
"" !o$st&i$ts &emo'ed tht !ou"d be &emo'ed be#o&e the st&t o# the *"$ ,ee1G
>D+ Fht is the *&o8e!t;s PPCG Is it &isi$%. #""i$%. o& styi$% the smeG
>7+ Fht &e the domi$$t &eso$s #o& #i"i$% to !om*"ete ssi%$me$ts o$ ,ee1"y
,o&1 *"$sG
>H+ Is mste& *&o8e!t s!hedu"e $d *hse s!hedu"e mi$ti$ed !u&&e$t $d
u*dted o$!e ,ee1G
>?+ A&e sub!o$t&!to&s i$'o"'ed i$ *&odu!i$% mste& $d *hse s!hedu"es usi$% tem
s!hedu"i$%G
#able G%$
c$i#i$
Ac$i#i$6 Descri&$ion P32nned
S$02re$s&onsi.:3eon$r2c$ /
Design !2$eri23s H2.or +%i&-e Prere+ We2$4er
ID D2$e P2r$:642nge OrdeArsE :o-&3e$eS%.-i$$23s 0"IDs Work
Ins$233 do1e3 $e-&32$e 128A%g NHC M M M M M M M A.o#e M
Po%r -2$ s32. JE 8 1>8A%g NHC M M M M
:oncre$e M M A.o#e M
!o#e $o1er s4orin 238A%g S2,126 M M M M M M :r2ne A.o#e M
92rd de-o 'Ce2- 308A%g :238
WrecMking
M M M M M M A.o#e M
One side 1233s 138Se& Peck M M M M M M M
:o33ec$ors M
Ins$233 1233 re.2r 1?8Se& !c M M M M M M M A.o#e M
E&ox6 do1e3s 228Se& NHC M M M M M M M A.o#e M
P%33 Tes$ 238Se& I:I M M M M M M M A.o#e M
:3ose ,or-s 248Se& Peck )
9Mi33er
M M M M M M A.o#e M
Ins$233 $o1er s4oring 238A%g S2,1 M M M M M M :r2ne :%re M
Exc2#2$e ,oo$ing 138Se& :238
WrecMking
M M Possi.3e ,oo$i M M :o33ec$ors M
:4i& ,oo$ings i, nec 1?8Se& :238
WrecMking
M M ecess M M M M M
Dri33 2nd e&ox6 do1e3s J 1 ? - 8S 2 e $ & NHC M M M M M M M M
M Ins$233 re.2r J-2 $ 1>8Se& !c M M M M M M M
A.o#e M
0e.2r $e-&32$e 248Se& NHC M M M M M M M A.o#e M
Keneca+Constraint ,nalysis &orm
K.< OBSER*ATIONS
The e/t&eme"y hi%h "e'e" o# *"$ &e"ibi"ity !hie'ed o$ 3e$e! my h'e &esu"ted i$ *&t
#&om its bei$% &e"ti'e"y sim*"e. $ot te!h$i!""y but &the& o*e&tio$""y+ A &e"ti'e"y #e,
sub!o$t&!to&s ,e&e i$'o"'ed
(E
. $d #e, ,e&e &e=ui&ed to ,o&1 i$ !"ose *&o/imity. eithe&
tem*o&""y o& s*ti""y+ O$ the othe& h$d. the *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" *&o!esses $d
te!h$i=ues em*"oyed **e& "so to h'e mde !o$t&ibutio$+ A*&t #&om the O"d
Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ P&o8e!t. i$ $o othe& !se ,e&e sub!o$t&!to&s mo&e
i$timte"y i$'o"'ed i$ the "oo1hed *&o!ess o& i$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$$i$%+ Fu&the&. the
!o$t&!to&;s e/e!utio$ o# the "oo1hed *&o!ess. *&ti!u"&"y !o$st&i$ts $"ysis $d
ssi%$me$t o# !tio$ items to &emo'e !o$st&i$ts. ,s mu!h mo&e &i%o&ous th$ o$
*&e'ious *&o8e!ts+
K.G LEARNINGS
It is *ossib"e to !hie'e PPC "e'e"s bo'e A)@ o'e& $ e/te$ded *e&iod o# time th&ou%h
!o$siste$t im*"eme$ttio$ o# Lst P"$$e& system te!h$i=ues+ Es*e!i""y im*o&t$t
i$
(E
O$!e the &eb& i$st""tio$ ,s ,e"" u$de&,y. &&e"y ,e&e mo&e th$ 7 sub!o$t&!to&s
s!hedu"ed to ,o&1 o$ the *&o8e!t i$ $y ,ee1+ *afway+shorin". (c5rath+rebar
installation. ECE+rebar inspection. Pec) L iller+formwor). Cal+Wrec)in"+
demolition. Iational+concrete corin"% By !o$t&st. o$ $ i$te&io&s *&o8e!t u$de&,y
t the sme time. $ 'e&%e o# >) sub!o$t&!to&s ,e&e %i'e$ ssi%$me$ts e!h
,ee1+
this &e%&d &e !o$st&i$t $"ysis $d sub!o$t&!to& *&ti!i*tio$ i$ *"$$i$% $d
!o$t&o"+
CHAPTER TEN: CONCLUSIONS
10.1 S$$!#5 o+ C!(e St/5 Re("t(
Dt !o""e!tio$ #o& the #i'e !se studies ,s !o$!"uded i$ the #o""o,i$% o&de& $d dtes.
"" ,ithi$ the *e&iod i$ ,hi!h this disse&ttio$ ,s i$ *&o%&ess-
Cse O$e0CCSR P&o8e!t 4$0M& ;AE
Cse T,o0Ne/t St%e 4u"y0No' ;AE
Cse Th&ee0P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% 4$0O!t ;AA
Cse Fou&0O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ Feb0Au% ;AA
Cse Fi'e03e$e! 4u$e0O!t ;AA
CCSR dd&essed the =uestio$ ho, to **"y the Lst P"$$e& system to sub!o$t&!ted
*&o8e!ts s disti$!t #&om the di&e!t hi&e *&odu!tio$ to ,hi!h #o& the most *&t it hd
*&e'ious"y bee$ **"ied+ The **"i!tio$ ,s su!!ess#u" $d *i"oted !o$st&i$ts
$"ysis s too" #o& e'"uti$% the &edi$ess o# *ote$ti" ssi%$me$ts $d #o& ide$ti#yi$%
the !tio$s $eeded to m1e them &edy+
Ne/t St%e ,s $ e/*"o&to&y !se study o$ the **"i!tio$ o# Lst P"$$e& to
desi%$+ I$te&&u*tio$ o# the *&o8e!t *&e'e$ts d&,i$% #i&m !o$!"usio$s. ho,e'e&
*&ti!i*$ts !o$side&ed the Lst P"$$e& system su!!ess#u" $d su*e&io& to t&ditio$"
methods o# *&o8e!t !o$t&o"+ Nume&ous "e&$i$%s ,e&e d&,$ #&om the !se. *e&h*s the
most im*o&t$t bei$% the $eed to e/*"ode desi%$ ts1s i$to o*e&tio$" deti" $e& i$ time
to thei& e/e!utio$. i$ o&de& to !!ommodte the se"#0%e$e&ti$% !h&!te&isti! o# the
desi%$ *&o!ess+ The A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode" ,s !&eted #o& tht *u&*ose $d hs
subse=ue$t"y bee$ **"ied e/te$si'e"y #o& the *u&*ose o# ts1 e/*"osio$+
The P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% !se e/*"o&ed the "imittio$s #!ed by s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&
t&yi$% to u$i"te&""y **"y the Lst P"$$e& system+ Di"i%e$t dhe&e$!e to system &u"es
""o,ed the !o$t&!to& to !hie'e $ 'e&%e ?H@ PPC "e'e"+ Ho,e'e&. se'e&" *e&iods
o# *&e!i*itous"y "o,e& *e&#o&m$!e **e& to h'e bee$ !o&&e"ted ,ith #i"u&e o# thei&
!ustome& *&o8e!ts to m1e ,o&1 &edy ,he$ s!hedu"ed. &edu!i$% the mou$t o# ,o&1
'i"b"e to P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% $d !o$se=ue$t"y m1i$% them 'u"$e&b"e to "o, PPC
shou"d they e/*e&ie$!e $y *"$ #i"u&es t ""+ A$othe& i$te&esti$% #i$di$% ,s tht *"$
#i"u&es ,ithi$ thei& !o$t&o" te$ded to be *&im&i"y #&om "!1 o# deti"ed. d'$!e
o*e&tio$s desi%$+ P!i#i! Co$t&!ti$% hs &ededi!ted themse"'es to the &outi$e use o#
Fi&st Ru$ Studies i$ &es*o$se to this #i$di$%+
The O"d Chemist&y Bui"di$% Re$o'tio$ !se &e'e"ed susti$ed PPC o# E7@+ Fith
the o**o&tu$ity to be$e#it #&om *&e'ious !ses. the *&o8e!t tem "so dded 'e&y
su!!ess#u" edu!tio$ $d tem bui"di$% !om*o$e$t to !hie'e this b&e1th&ou%h &esu"t+
The #i#th $d "st !se study. B&$es Co$st&u!tio$;s 3e$e! P&o8e!t. susti$ed PPC
$e& >))@. **&e$t"y sett"i$% the =uestio$ ,hethe& o& $ot tht "e'e" o# *"$ &e"ibi"ity
!$ be !hie'ed+ It is $ot su%%ested tht e'e&y *&o8e!t ,i"" be b"e to !hie'e the sme
&esu"ts e'e$ shou"d they imitte 3e$e!;s &i%o&ous **"i!tio$ o# Lst P"$$e& &u"es $d
te!h$i=ues+ The &e"ti'e"y #e, sub!o$t&!to&s i$'o"'ed du&i$% the mesu&eme$t *e&iod
my h'e sim*"i#ied the !oo&di$tio$ *&ob"em beyo$d the $o&m+ Ho,e'e&. the e/te$si'e
i$'o"'eme$t o# sub!o$t&!to&s i$ *"$$i$% $d !o$st&i$ts $"ysis is mode" to be
imitted by ""+
10.: Re(e!#c, >e(t)on: What can be done by way of tools provided and
improved implementation of the Last Planner system of production
control to increase plan reliability above the 70% PPC level?
Re'ie, o# the !se studies su%%ests tht *"$ &e"ibi"ity im*&o'es ,ith dhe&e$!e to the
Lst P"$$e& system &u"es. ,ith e/te$si'e edu!tio$ $d i$'o"'eme$t o# *&ti!i*$ts. $d
,ith use o# te!h$i=ues su!h s ts1 e/*"osio$. !o$st&i$ts $"ysis. m1e &edy !tio$s.
shie"di$% *&odu!tio$ #&om u$!e&ti$ty th&ou%h se"e!tio$ o# =u"ity ssi%$me$ts. $d
ide$ti#i!tio$ $d !tio$ o$ &eso$s #o& #i"i$% to !om*"ete ssi%$ed ts1s+ The PPC
"e'e"s &e!o&ded ,e&e si%$i#i!$t"y bette& th$ *&e'ious mesu&eme$ts+ P&e'ious"y.
mesu&ed PPC bo'e ?)@ ,s 'e&y &&e 5B""&d $d Ho,e"". >AA?9+ I$ the "tte& th&ee
!se studies. "" !hie'ed PPC "e'e"s o# ?H@ o& hi%he&. ,ith 3e$e! !o$siste$t"y bo'e
A)@+
10.; Re(e!#c, >e(t)on: ow!Can Last Planner be successfully applied
to increase plan reliability durin" desi"n processes?
E'ide$!e #o& sett"i$% this =uestio$ is $ot so de!isi'e+ The e/*"o&to&y !se su%%ested but
did $ot !o$#i&m tht Lst P"$$e& !$ e##e!ti'e"y be **"ied to desi%$ *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o"+
Ho,e'e&. the Lst P"$$e& system s $o, de'e"o*ed **e&s to be *&e!ise"y mt!hed to
the $tu&e o# the desi%$ *&o!ess+ U$"i1e m1i$%. ,hi!h !o'e&s ,ide &$%e o# ts1s.
i$!"udi$% m1i$% mu"ti*"e !o*ies o# si$%"e desi%$. desi%$ itse"# is esse$ti""y %e$e&ti'e+
As su!h. *&o!ess !o$t&o" system is &e=ui&ed tht does $ot ssume sim*"e mt!hi$% o#
!&ite&i $d desi%$ "te&$ti'es. but &the& #!i"ittes *&o%&essi'e. di"e!ti!"
de'e"o*me$t o# both+
Pe&h*s the most '"ub"e !o$t&ibutio$ o# the !se ,s its !"&i#i!tio$ o# the $tu&e
o# the desi%$ *&o!ess $d !o$se=ue$t"y o# the obst!"es to m$%eme$t !o$t&o"+ The
*&im&y &es*o$se to those obst!"es hs bee$ the de'e"o*me$t $d im*"eme$ttio$ o# the
A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode" s te!h$i=ue #o& e/*"odi$% desi%$ ts1s s they e$te&
the
"oo1hed *&o!ess+ Ides $d su%%estio$s #o& #u&the& &ese&!h o$ this =uestio$ &e
des!&ibed be"o,+
10.< D)#ect)on( +o# Ft#e Re(e!#c,
The !se studies su%%est the $eed #o& #u&the& modi#i!tio$s to the Lst P"$$e& System.
some s*e!i#i!""y i$te$ded to m1e it bette& #it desi%$ **"i!tio$s $d othe&s #o& %e$e&"
im*&o'eme$t+ The *&e'"e$!e o# !o$#usio$ o'e& di&e!ti'es s &eso$ #o& *"$ #i"u&e i$
the Ne/t St%e !se study i$di!tes $eed #o& mo&e e/*"i!it s*e!i#i!tio$ o# the
di&e!ti'es %o'e&$i$% desi%$ ts1s+ A too" #o& m1i$% tht s*e!i#i!tio$ is the A!ti'ity
De#i$itio$ Mode"
(A
sho,$ i$ Fi%u&e >)+>+
&i"ure $0%$
Act)')t5 De+)n)t)on Mo/e"
Redo
No
Meets
Yes
Di&e!ti'es
C&ite&iG
Re"ese
P&e&e=uisite
Fo&1
P&o!ess Out*ut
Resou&!es
A!ti'ity De#i$itio$ Mode"
ACTI*ITC DEFINITION
OUTPUT &e*&ese$ts the &esu"t o& de"i'e&b"e *&odu!ed by *e&#o&mi$% the s!hedu"ed
!ti'ity+ I$ the !se o# !om*"e/ de"i'e&b"es. *&o!ess #"o, di%&m is !&eted $d e!h
o# its de"i'e&b"es is de!om*osed usi$% the sme !ti'ity de#i$itio$ mode"+
Fht &e the DIRECTIKES %o'e&$i$% my out*ut. *&o!ess. $d i$*utsG To ,ht
!&ite&i must my out*ut !o$#o&m i$ o&de& to se&'e the $eeds o# ou& !ustome& *&odu!tio$
u$itsG Fht PREREIUISITES do I $eed #&om othe&sG Fht RESOURCES do I $eed to
""o!te to this ssi%$me$tG
Be#o&e &e"esi$% the out*ut to the PUs tht $eed it. it is to be e'"uted %i$st the
!&ite&i $d . i# $o$!o$#o&mi$%. eithe& the !&ite&i &e &e'ised bsed o$ $e, i$si%hts i$to
!ustome& o& st1eho"de& $eeds. o& the out*ut is &e'ised to bette& meet the !&ite&i
6)
+
BOINT SUPPLIERECUSTOMER ASSIGNMENTS
A !&iti!" e"eme$t #o& su!!ess is e/*"i!it %&eeme$t bet,ee$ L!ustome&M $d Lsu**"ie&M
&e%&di$% those !&ite&i+ The PU *&odu!i$% the out*ut shou"d u$de&st$d ho, it is to be
used by the !ustome& PUs be#o&e *&odu!tio$+ Subse=ue$t"y. i$s*e!tio$ !$ be eithe& by
the *&odu!e& o& 8oi$t"y by *&odu!e& $d !ustome&+
Se"#0i$s*e!tio$ $d 8oi$t su**"ie&J!ustome& i$s*e!tio$ &e 1ey !o$!e*ts i$ the method
o# i$0*&o!ess i$s*e!tio $. ,hi!h &edu!es de#e!ts th&ou%h em*o,e&me$t o# the ,o&1e&s
themse"'es. s o**osed to e/!"usi'e &e"i$!e o$ e/te&$" i$s*e!to&s+ This =u"ity
ssu&$!e *&io& to &e"esi$% ,o&1 bet,ee$ PUs hs bee$ e/te$ded by some "e$
!o$t&!to&s to the *&o%&essi$% o# ,o&1+ O$"y *&odu!ts $d i$st""tio$s tht h'e *ssed
=u"ity !o$t&o" i$s*e!tio$ !$ be !ou$ted s !om*"eted ,o&1. $d the$ o$"y i# they &e i$
the ,o&1 *!1%es 5bt!hes9 $eeded by the !ustome& PUs+
(A
A"thou%h de'e"o*ed i$de*e$de$t"y by this utho& i$ the mid0>AE)s. the A!ti'ity
De#i$itio$ Mode" is simi"& to IDEF. "thou%h &%ub"y the !o$!e*t o# Ndi&e!ti'esN is
di##e&e$t #&om the IDEF !o$!e*t o# N!o$st&i$tsN+
6)
Co$#o&m$!e o# out*uts to desi%$ !&ite&i is $ot mtte& o# mt!hi$%+ It is &the& the
e/!e*tio$ th$ the &u"e tht $y desi%$ "te&$ti'e m/im""y stis#ies "" the
mu"ti*"e !&ite&i+ The =uestio$ is &the& t ,ht "e'e" o# '"ue must t&deo##s be
mde mo$%
Re!o%$i:i$% the !&iti!" $eed #o& the su**"ie& *&o!ess $d the !ustome& *&o!ess to
%&ee o$ di&e!ti'es. $d the ob8e!ti'e o# se"e!ti$% $d e/e!uti$% o$"y those ssi%$me$ts
tht &e"ese ,o&1 to othe&s. it is *&o*osed to m1e the su**"ie& $d !ustome& 8oi$t"y
&es*o$sib"e #o& su!!ess#u" !om*"etio$ o# ssi%$me$ts+ The su**"ie& shou"d m1e su&e
heJshe u$de&st$ds ,ht the !ustome& $eeds+ The !ustome& e=u""y shou"d m1e su&e the
su**"ie& u$de&st$ds ,ht heJshe $eeds+ Aside #&om ssi%$me$ts %e$e&ted by *ush
s!hedu"i$%. i$ the bse$!e o# $ e/*"i!it *u"" si%$" #&om the !ustome&. the su**"ie& !$
ssume tht the ts1 does $ot $eed to be *e&#o&med t this time+
REASONS CATEGORIMATION AND ANALCSIS
The &eso$s !te%o&ies used o$ the Ne/t St%e P&o8e!t did $ot *&omote ide$ti#i!tio$ o#
&oot !uses+ Co$se=ue$t"y. it is *&o*osed to use the e"eme$ts o# the A!ti'ity De#i$itio$
Mode" s the *&im&y !te%o&ies $d "so to *&o'ide %uide #o& &eso$s $"ysis tht ,i""
#!i"itte ide$ti#i!tio$ o# !tio$b"e !uses+
those !om*eti$% !&ite&i+ E/*"o&tio$ o# su!h issues is *&t o# the #utu&e &ese&!h
%e$d beyo$d the s!o*e o# this thesis+
&i"ure $0%2
Directives1related Plan
-ailures
Why did
criteria
change
during the
week?
What
could be
done to
avoid the
need for
change or
to find out
about the
change
and
include in
your
weekly
lanning?
A16: ! didn>t
understand the real
criteria "or #y
deliverale.
A.6.6: Didn>t
understand ?hat the
re2uestor needed and
?hy she ?anted it.
A.6.8: Didn>t
understand the
applicale
re2uire#ents.
A.6.:: (ede"inition o"
criteria occurred
during the plan ?eek.
Why didn!t
you
understand
what the
re"uestor
needed or
the
alicable
re"uire#en
ts? What
would
revent
reetition?
A18: +he directives
?ere incorrect.
A.8.6: !ncorrect
speci"ication o"
prere2uisites.
A.8.8: !ncorrect
speci"ication o"
resources.
A.8.:: !ncorrect
speci"ication o"
processes.
A.8.7: !ncorrect
speci"ication o"
output.
What
changes
in
directives
are
needed?
Who can
#ake the
changes?
Aeasons ,nalysis ierarchy+<irectives
The *&im&y !te%o&ies &e di&e!ti'es. *&e&e=uisites. &esou&!es. $d *&o!ess+ O$!e *"!ed
,ithi$ o$e o# these !te%o&ies. *"$ #i"u&e !$ be $"y:ed i$ !!o&d$!e ,ith the
%uide"i$es e/*&essed i$ Fi%u&es >)+(0>)+7+
B.6: Didn>t re2uest
needed
prere2uisites.
B.6a: Didn>t kno?
it ?as needed.
B.6.: /ne? it
?as needed@ ut
didn>t #ake the
re2uest.
&i"ure $0%?
Prere2uisites1related Plan -ailures
B.8:
!nco#plete
re2uest.
B.:: Pro#ise not
kept y provider o"
prere2uisite.
B.7: Can>t #ake
an agree#ent ?ith
supplier
Why didn!t you know
that rere"uisite was
needed or why didn!t
you #ake the
re"uest. What would
revent reetitions?
B.8.: -ailed to
identi"y the provider.
B.8.c: -ailed to
speci"y content.
B.8.d: -ailed to
speci"y delivery ti#e.
B.8.e: -ailed to
provide su""icient
lead ti#e
Regarding each of the
above$ ask what caused
the failure and what could
revent it reoccurring.
%naly&e '.( cases by
starting over again$
selecting %$ '$ )$ or
*$ and carrying out
the analysis. 'ut this
ti#e$ the failure being
analy&ed is that of the
rere"uisite rovider
who failed to kee his
ro#ise rather than
the +ast ,lanner who
failed to co#lete an
assign#ent because
that rovider failed
to kee his ro#ise.
Why can!t
you #ake
an
agree#ent
with the
sulier?
Aeasons ,nalysis ierarchy+Prere;uisites
C.8.a: Didn>t
re2uest
enough laor
or ti#e
C.8.a.6: Didn>t
understand
load.
C.8.a.: Didn>t
understand
capacity.
&i"ure $0%@
(esources1related
Plan -ailures
C.6: Lack o"
e2uip#ent or
tools
C.6.a:
Breakdo?n
AAsk ?hat
C.8: !nsu""icient laor
or ti#e
C.8.: Laor ?as re2uested
and allocated ut not
availale ?hen needed.
C.8..8:
could e done
to prevent
reakdo?ns.B
C.6.:
Overloaded
AAsk ?hy loads
?ere not
integrated.B
C.8..6: .ot
u#ped y
higher priority
AAsk ?hy
priority ?as
not kno?n in
advance.B
Asenteeis# AAsk
?hy asence ?as
not kno?n in
advance; i" asence
?as avoidale.B
%sk why the riority changed$
what could be done to avoid
the need for change$ or what
could be done to include
knowledge of the change in
weekly lanning.
Aeasons ,nalysis ierarchy+Aesource
&i"ure $0%C
Process8re32$ed
P32n "2i3%res
d/1 Error in &rocessing
&rod%ced de,ec$i#e o%$&%$
d/1/2 Processing error 12s
c2%sed .6 32ck o, ski33
d/1/. Processing error 12s
c2%sed .6 in2de+%2$e
&rocess
d/1/c Processing error 12s
c2%sed .6 in2de+%2$e $oo3s
or e+%i&-en$
d/1/d Processing error 12s
c2%sed .6 2 c42nge in $4e
1orking en#iron-en$
Ask for the
cause of each
cause e!"!#
$h% $as sk&ll
&nade'uate(
!!!$h% $as
)rocess
&nade'uate(
d/2 Ac$s o, od or
$4e De#i3 &rod%ced
de,ec$i#e o%$&%$
*hat $ent
$ron"( *h%
$asn+t &t
ant&c&)ated(
Aeasons ,nalysis ierarchy+Process
10.G Conc"()on
The Lst P"$$e& system o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o". im*&o'ed th&ou%h the !se studies
i$!"uded i$ this thesis. hs bee$ sho,$ to be e##e!ti'e i$ !hie'i$% $d mi$ti$i$% *"$
&e"ibi"ity bo'e the A)@ "e'e" i$ site i$st""tio$+ A**"i!bi"ity $d e##e!ti'e$ess o# the
Lst P"$$e& system to desi%$ &emi$s to be de#i$iti'e"y dete&mi$ed. ho,e'e& the
%e$e&ti'e $tu&e o# the desi%$ *&o!ess su%%ests tht !o$t&o" system su!h s Lst
P"$$e& is $eeded. s o**osed to **&o!hes tht &e"y o$ *ush s!hedu"i$% $d e&"y
se"e!tio$ #&om "te&$ti'es+ Fu&the& de'e"o*me$t o# the Lst P"$$e& system is su%%ested
&e%&di$% !ti'ity de#i$itio$. 8oi$t su**"ie&J!ustome& ssi%$me$ts. $d &eso$s $"ysis+
I$ dditio$. &ese&!h is $eeded to =u$ti#y $d u$de&st$d the be$e#its o# %&ete& *"$
&e"ibi"ity #o& s#ety. =u"ity. time. $d !ost+
Ballard ,-12 Last Planner
GLOSSARC OF TERMS
;1
activity definition model A$ i$*ut0*&o!ess0out*ut &e*&ese$ttio$ o# desi%$ ts1s.
su**"eme$ted by s*e!i#i!tio$ o# !&ite&i 5e$te&i$% the *&o!ess &e!t$%"e
#&om bo'e9 $d o# &esou&!es 5e$te&i$% the *&o!ess &e!t$%"e #&om be"o,9
$d $ i$s*e!tio$ *&o!ess &esu"ti$% eithe& i$ &edo o& &e"ese to the !ustome&
*&o!ess+ The mode" is used s %uide to e/*"odi$% desi%$ ts1s i$to "e'e"
o# deti" t ,hi!h thei& &edi$ess #o& e/e!utio$ !$ be ssessed $d
d'$!ed+
Redo
No
Meets
Yes
C&ite&i
C&ite&iG
Re"ese
I$*ut
P&o!ess Out*ut
Resou&!es
assi"nment di&e!ti'e o& o&de& %i'e$ to ,o&1e& o& ,o&1e&s di&e!t"y *&odu!i$% o&
!o$t&ibuti$% to the *&odu!tio$ o# desi%$ o& !o$st&u!tio$+ E/m*"e- S!ott.
you $d 4u"ie &e to m1e the !h$%es i$ ,"" "o!tio$s deti"ed i$ memo
Y>(6 by the e$d o# the ,ee1+ A$$e. you #i$d out ,ht the bui"di$%
utho&ities ,i"" &e=ui&e #o& st&u!tu&" *e&mit+
capacity the mou$t o# ,o&1 *&odu!tio$ u$it. ,hethe& i$di'idu" o& %&ou*. !$
!!om*"ish i$ %i'e$ mou$t o# time+ E/m*"e- 4im the e$%i$ee& !$
*e&#o&m >) *i*i$% st&ess $"yses *e& dy o$ 'e&%e. but the $"yses to be
do$e this ,ee1 &e *&ti!u"&"y di##i!u"t+ He ,i"" o$"y be b"e to do ?+ 4imMs
'e&%e !*!ity is >). but his !*!ity #o& the s*e!i#i! ,o&1 to be do$e this
,ee1 is ?+
commitment plannin" P"$$i$% tht &esu"ts i$ !ommitme$ts to de"i'e& o$ ,hi!h othe&s i$
the *&odu!tio$ system !$ &e"y be!use they #o""o, the &u"e tht o$"y sou$d
6>
This %"oss&y ,s *&odu!ed s*e!i#i!""y #o& this thesis+ A$ e/*$ded 'e&sio$. ,ith
some modi#i!tio$s i$ de#i$itio$s. is 'i"b"e t Z,,,+"e$!o$st&u!tio$+o&%[ + It ,s
*&odu!ed by this utho& $d I&is Tomme"ei$. LCI *&i$!i*" $d Asso!ite P&o#esso&
t the U$i'e&sity o# C"i#o&$i t Be&1e"ey+
ssi%$me$ts &e to be !!e*ted o& mde+ E/m*"e- O$ my ,o&1 *"$ #o&
$e/t ,ee1. I h'e i$!"uded *&o'idi$% Che&y" the soi"s dt she $eeds to
e'"ute "te&$ti'e subst&u!tu&e systems #o& the bui"di$%+ A"" 1$o,$
!o$st&i$ts h'e bee$ &emo'ed #&om my ts1. I u$de&st$d ,htMs &e=ui&ed
$d ho, the i$#o&mtio$ ,i"" be used. $d I h'e &ese&'ed $eeded "bo& $d
e=ui*me$t+
constraints somethi$% tht st$ds i$ the ,y o# ts1 bei$% e/e!utb"e o& sou$d+
Ty*i!" !o$st&i$ts o$ desi%$ ts1s &e i$*uts #&om othe&s. !"&ity o# !&ite&i
#o& ,ht is to be *&odu!ed o& *&o'ided. **&o'"s o& &e"eses. $d "bo& o&
e=ui*me$t &esou&!es+ S!&ee$i$% ts1s #o& &edi$ess is ssessi$% the sttus o#
thei& !o$st&i$ts+ Remo'i$% !o$st&i$ts is m1i$% ts1 &edy to be
ssi%$ed+
control to !use e'e$ts to !o$#o&m to *"$. o& to i$itite &e*"$$i$% $d "e&$i$%+
E/m*"e- E/*"odi$% mste& s!hedu"e !ti'ities i$to %&ete& deti". s!&ee$i$%
the &esu"t$t ts1s %i$st !o$st&i$ts. $d !ti$% to &emo'e those
!o$st&i$ts &e "" !o$t&o" !tio$s i$te$ded to !use e'e$ts to !o$#o&m to
*"$. o& to ide$ti#y s e&"y s *&!ti!" the $eed #o& &e*"$$i$%+ Le&$i$% is
i$itited th&ou%h $"ysis o# &eso$s #o& #i"i$% to !use e'e$ts to !o$#o&m to
*"$+
customer the use& o# o$eMs out*ut+ E/m*"e- 4oh$ $eeds the &esu"ts o# ou& !ousti!"
tests i$ o&de& to se"e!t the best "o!tio$ #o& his me!h$i!" e=ui*me$t+
4oh$ is ou& !ustome& be!use he ,i"" use ,ht ,e *&odu!e+
desi"n Desi%$ is ty*e o# %o"0di&e!ted. &edu!ti'e &eso$i$%+ The&e &e ",ys
m$y *ossib"e desi%$s+ P&odu!t desi%$ &eso$s #&om #u$!tio$ to #o&m+
P&o!ess desi%$ &eso$s #&om e$ds to me$s+
desi"n criteria the !h&!te&isti!s &e=ui&ed #o& !!e*t$!e o# *&odu!t o& *&o!ess desi%$+
E/m*"e- The st&u!tu&" e$%i$ee& $eeds both %eomet&i! $d "od i$*uts
#&om the &!hite!t. me!h$i!" e$%i$ee&. $d e"e!t&i!" e$%i$ee&+ Lods $eed
o$"y be !!u&te ,ithi$ ()@+ E/m*"e- The !"ddi$% desi%$ must be
!o$siste$t ,ith the &!hite!tu&" st$d&ds o# the "o!" histo&i!" so!iety+ I$
dditio$. it must be ,ithi$ the ( mi""io$ *ou$d bud%et $d i$st""b"e ,ithi$
H ,ee1 ,i$do, !o$!"udi$% $o "te& th$ H
th
A*&i". ()))+
eFplodin" e/*&essi$% ts1 i$ %&ete& deti". ty*i!""y by *&odu!i$% #"o, di%&m o#
the *&o!ess o# ,hi!h the out*ut is the ts1 bei$% e/*"oded. the$ dete&mi$i$%
the sub0ts1s $eeded to m1e the ts1 &edy #o& ssi%$me$t $d e/e!utio$
,he$ s!hedu"ed+ Sub0ts1s &e !te%o&i:ed i$ te&ms o# the !ti'ity de#i$itio$
mode". &esu"ti$% i$ !tio$s to !"&i#y o& s*e!i#y !&ite&i. &e=uests #o& i$*uts
#&om su**"ie&s. $d &ese&'tio$ o# $eeded &esou&!es+
first run studies e/te$si'e *"$$i$% o# u*!omi$% o*e&tio$s by !&oss #u$!tio$" tem
i$!"udi$% &e*&ese$tti'es o# those ,ho &e to do the #i&st o*e&tio$. #o""o,ed
by methodi!" study. &edesi%$ o# the o*e&tio$. $d &et&i" u$ti" st$d&d is
estb"ished to meet o& bet #o& e/e!utio$ o# tht o*e&tio$+ Fi&st &u$ studies
#o""o, the She,h&t P"$0Do0Che!10A!t !y!"e. mde *o*u"& by F+
Ed,&ds Demi$%+
last planner the *e&so$ o& %&ou* tht m1es ssi%$me$ts to di&e!t ,o&1e&s+ LS=ud
bossM $d Ldis!i*"i$e "edM &e !ommo$ $mes #o& "st *"$$e&s i$ desi%$
*&o!esses+
load the mou$t o# out*ut e/*e!ted #&om *&odu!tio$ u$it o& i$di'idu" ,o&1e&
,ithi$ %i'e$ time+ Fithi$ ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$. ,ht is to be !!om*"ished
by desi%$ s=ud o& i$di'idu" desi%$e&. e$%i$ee&. d&#ts*e&so$. et!+ A
=u"ity ssi%$me$t L"odsM &esou&!e ,ithi$ its !*!ity+
loo)ahead plannin" The midd"e "e'e" i$ the *"$$i$% system hie&&!hy. be"o, #&o$t
e$d *"$$i$% $d bo'e !ommitme$t0"e'e" *"$$i$%. dedi!ted to !o$t&o""i$%
the #"o, o# ,o&1 th&ou%h the *&odu!tio$ system+
loo)ahead schedule the out*ut o# "oo1hed *"$$i$%. &esu"ti$% #&om e/*"odi$% mste&
s!hedu"e !ti'ities by me$s o# the !ti'ity de#i$itio$ mode". s!&ee$i$% the
&esu"t$t ts1s be#o&e ""o,i$% e$t&y i$to the "oo1hed ,i$do, o&
d'$!eme$t ,ithi$ the ,i$do,. $d e/e!utio$ o# !tio$s $eeded to m1e
ts1s &edy #o& ssi%$me$t ,he$ s!hedu"ed+ Loo1hed s!hedu"es my be
*&ese$ted i$ "ist #o&m o& b& !h&ts+
loo)ahead window ho, #& hed o# s!hedu"ed st&t !ti'ities i$ the mste& s!hedu"e &e
sub8e!ted to e/*"osio$. s!&ee$i$%. o& m1e &edy+ Ty*i!""y desi%$ *&o!esses
h'e "oo1hed ,i$do,s e/te$di$% #&om 6 to >( ,ee1s i$to the #utu&e+
ma)e ready t1e !tio$s $eeded to &emo'e !o$st&i$ts #&om ssi%$me$ts to m1e them
sou$d+
plannin" de#i$i$% !&ite&i #o& su!!ess $d *&odu!i$% st&te%ies #o& !hie'i$%
ob8e!ti'es+
plan reliability the e/te$t to ,hi!h *"$ is $ !!u&te #o&e!st o# #utu&e e'e$ts.
mesu&ed by PPC+ Fo& e/m*"e. i# you& ,ee1"y ,o&1 *"$s h'e H)@ PPC.
they !!u&te"y *&edi!t !om*"etio$J&e"ese o# H)@ o# the ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts+
PPC *e&!e$t *"$ !om*"ete< i+e+. the $umbe& o# *"$$ed !om*"etio$s di'ided i$to
the $umbe& o# !tu" !om*"etio$s+
prere;uisite wor) ,o&1 do$e by othe&s o$ mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ tht se&'es s $
i$*ut o& subst&te #o& you& ,o&1+ E/m*"e- You $eed to 1$o, the su&#!e
&e o# %"ss. *&o'ided by the &!hite!t. i$ o&de& to si:e !oo"i$% e=ui*me$t+
production unitBPM) %&ou* o# di&e!t *&odu!tio$ ,o&1e&s tht do o& sh&e
&es*o$sibi"ity #o& simi"& ,o&1. d&,i$% o$ the sme s1i""s $d
te!h$i=ues+ E/m*"e- tem o# e"e!t&i!" desi%$e&s $d e$%i$ee&s
&es*o$sib"e #o& s*e!i#i! &e o& #u$!tio$s o# bui"di$%+
productivity the &tio o# the mou$t o# ,o&1 *&odu!ed to the &esou&!es used i$ its
*&odu!tio$+ E/m*"e- / d&,i$%s *e& "bou& hou&+
PM See production unit%
pullin" i$ititi$% the de"i'e&y o# mte&i"s o& i$#o&mtio$ bsed o$ the &edi$ess o# the
*&o!ess i$to ,hi!h they ,i"" e$te& #o& !o$'e&sio$ i$to out*uts+ E/m*"e-
Re=uest de"i'e&y o# *&e&e=uisite i$#o&mtio$ t o& be#o&e the time you ,i"" be
&edy to *&o!ess tht i$#o&mtio$+ Note- ,htMs di##e&e$t he&e is tht the
&edi$ess o# the *&o!ess is 1$o,$ &the& th$ ,ished+ Eithe& the *&o!ess is
&edy *&io& to &e=uesti$% de"i'e&y o& *"$ &e"ibi"ity is su##i!ie$t"y hi%h tht
,o&1 *"$s !$ be used to *&edi!t &edi$ess+
reasons0#o& #i"i$% to !om*"ete ,ee1"y ssi%$me$ts< e+%+. "!1 o# *&e&e=uisites.
i$su##i!ie$t time. u$!"e& &e=ui&eme$ts+ Reso$s !$ "so be sou%ht #o&
#i"i$% to d'$!e s!hedu"ed ts1s #&om mste& s!hedu"e to "oo1hed
s!hedu"e o& #&om o$e ,ee1 to the $e/t ,ithi$ the "oo1hed s!hedu"e+
resources "bou& o& i$st&ume$ts o# "bou&+ Resou&!es h'e *&odu!tio$ !*!ities s ,e""
s !osts+ Co$se=ue$t"y. mte&i"s $d i$#o&mtio$ &e $ot &esou&!es. but &the&
,ht &esou&!es !t o$ o& *&o!ess+
screenin" dete&mi$i$% the sttus o# ts1s i$ the "oo1hed ,i$do, &e"ti'e to thei&
!o$st&i$ts. $d !hoosi$% to d'$!e o& &et&d ts1s bsed o$ thei& !o$st&i$t
sttus $d the *&obbi"ity o# &emo'i$% !o$st&i$ts+
shieldin"%%*&odu!tio$ u$its #&om u$!e&ti$ty $d '&itio$ by m1i$% o$"y
=u"ity ssi%$me$ts+
should+can+will+did to be e##e!ti'e. *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t systems must te"" us ,ht
,e should do $d ,ht ,e can do. so tht ,e !$ de!ide ,ht ,e will do.
the$ !om*&e ,ith ,ht ,e did to im*&o'e ou& *"$$i$%+
si2in"0%%%ssi%$me$ts to the !*!ity o# the *&odu!tio$ u$it to do the ,o&1+ E/m*"e-
Rube$ $d 4mes shou"d be b"e to !o""e!t tht dt $d $"y:e it by
Thu&sdy+ But. I #o&%ot. itMs Rube$ $d Tim+ TimMs $ot s e/*e&ie$!ed+ IMd
bette& %i'e them $ e/t& dy+
sound ssi%$me$ts tht h'e hd "" !o$st&i$ts *ossib"e &emo'ed+ E/m*"e- Fe
$e'e& m1e ssi%$me$ts tht &e $ot sou$d+ Fe ",ys !he!1 i# ,e h'e o&
!$ %et $e!ess&y i$#o&mtio$ #&om othe&s. i# the &e=ui&eme$ts &e !"e&.
et!+
supplier the *&o'ide& o# $eeded i$*uts< *&e&e=uisite ,o&1. mte&i"s. i$#o&mtio$.
&esou&!es. di&e!ti'es. et!+
supplier lead time the time #&om se$di$% &e=uest #o& de"i'e&y to the de"i'e&y+
underloadin" m1i$% ssi%$me$ts to *&odu!tio$ u$it o& &esou&!e ,ithi$ *&odu!tio$
u$it tht bso&bs "ess th$ >))@ o# its !*!ity+ U$de&"odi$% is $e!ess&y to
!!ommodte '&itio$ i$ *&o!essi$% time o& *&odu!tio$ &te. i$ o&de& to
ssu&e *"$ &e"ibi"ity+ U$de&"odi$% is "so do$e to &e"ese time #o& ,o&1e&s to
t1e *&t i$ t&i$i$% o& "e&$i$%. o& #o& e=ui*me$t to be mi$ti$ed+
utili2ation the *e&!e$t%e o# &esou&!eMs !*!ity tht is !tu""y used+ E/m*"e-
Be!use o# time "ost ,iti$% #o& mte&i"s. ou& "bou& uti"i:tio$ "st ,ee1 ,s
o$"y D)@+
wee)ly wor) plan "ist o# ssi%$me$ts to be !om*"eted ,ithi$ the s*e!i#ied ,ee1<
ty*i!""y *&odu!ed s $e& s *ossib"e to the be%i$$i$% o# the ,ee1+
window of reliability ho, #& i$ d'$!e #utu&e ,o&1 !om*"etio$s !$ be !!u&te"y
#o&e!st+ E/m*"e- I# you !$ !!u&te"y #o&e!st o$"y > dy i$ d'$!e ,he$
,o&1 ,i"" be !om*"eted. the$ you& ,i$do, o# &e"ibi"ity is > dy+
wor)able bac)lo" ssi%$me$ts tht h'e met "" =u"ity !&ite&i. e/!e*t tht some must
yet stis#y the se=ue$!e !&ite&io$ by *&io& e/e!utio$ o# *&e&e=uisite ,o&1
"&edy s!hedu"ed+ Othe& b!1"o% ssi%$me$ts my be *e&#o&med ,ithi$
&$%e o# time ,ithout i$te&#e&i$% ,ith othe& ts1s+ E/m*"e- Com*"eti$%
those s*&e *&ts "ists does$Mt h'e to be !om*"eted #o& 6 mo$ths. but it ,o$Mt
h&m $ythi$% i# they &e *&odu!ed e&"ie&. so use them s #""b!1 o& #i""0i$
,o&1 ,he$ $eeded+
wor) flow the mo'eme$t o# i$#o&mtio$ $d mte&i"s th&ou%h $et,o&1 o# *&odu!tio$
u$its. e!h o# ,hi!h *&o!esses them be#o&e &e"esi$% to those do,$st&em+
wor) flow control !usi$% i$#o&mtio$ o& mte&i"s to mo'e th&ou%h $et,o&1 o#
*&odu!tio$ u$its i$ desi&ed se=ue$!e $d &te+
Ballard --17 Last Planner
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%e$dC. Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics. >(-77>077H+
B"$!h&d. B+S+ 5>AA>9+ *ystem en"ineerin" mana"ement% 4oh$ Fi"ey $d So$s. I$!+. Ne, Yo&1. NY+
B&i"s#o&d Asso!ites. I$!+ 5>AA79+ 5roton *chool ,thletic &acilities Pro"ram. Phase E: Preliminary
,ssessment Aeport% B&i"s#o&d Asso!ites. I$!+. Fshi$%to$. D+C+ DESIGN CRITERIA
Bu!!i&e""i. L+L+ 5>AAD9+ <esi"nin" 9n"ineers. MIT P&ess. Cmb&id%e. MA+
Bu"o,. I+ 'o$ 5>AEA9+ BThe bou$di$% o# *&ob"em situtio$ $d the !o$!e*t o# systemMs bou$d&y i$
so#t systems methodo"o%yC+ Nournal of ,pplied *ystems ,nalysis. >H. 670D>+
Butto$. G&hm $d Sh&&o!1. Fes 5>AA?9+ BThe P&odu!tio$ o# O&de& $d the O&de& o# P&odu!tio$C i$
Hu%hes et ". >AA?+
Che!1"$d. P+B+ 5>AE>9+ *ystems #hin)in". *ystems Practice% 4oh$ Fi"ey U So$s. Chi!heste&+
Choo. Hyu$ 4eo$%. Tomme"ei$. I&is D+. $d B""&d. G"e$$ 5>AA?9+ BCo$st&i$t0Bsed Dtbse #o&
Fo&1 P!1%e S!hedu"i$%+C Submitted #o& &e'ie, to the ASCE Com*uti$% Co$%&ess MAE+
Ch&isti$se$. T+R+ 5>AA69+ Mode"i$% e##i!ie$!y $d e##e!ti'e$ess o# !oo&di$tio$ i$ e$%i$ee&i$% desi%$
tems - KDT 0 the Ki&tu" Desi%$ Tem+ Ph+D+ Disse&ttio$. De*t+ o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&i$%. St$#o&d
U$i'e&sity. (H) **+
CIB 5>AAH9+ #owards a ?0% productivity improvement in construction% Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y Bo&d.
Fo&1i$% G&ou* >>+ Thoms Te"#o&d. Lo$do$+
CIB 5>AA?9+ 7riefin" the #eam% Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y Bo&d Ltd+. Fo&1i$% G&ou* >+ Thoms Te"#o&d.
Lo$do$+
CIDA 5>AAD9+ Pro6ect <efinition 5uide% Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y De'e"o*me$t A%e$!y. Syd$ey. Aust&"i+
CII 5>AA79+ Pre+Pro6ect Plannin" andboo)% S*e!i" Pub"i!tio$ 6A0(. Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y I$stitute.
U$i'e&sity o# Te/s t Austi$+
CIOB 5>AA79+ #ime for Aeal Emprovement: Learnin" from 7est Practice in Napanese Construction AL<%
Re*o&t o# DTI O'e&ses S!ie$!e $d Te!h$o"o%y E/*e&t Missio$ to 4*$. The Ch&te&ed I$stitute o#
Bui"di$%. >AA7+
CIRIA 5>AAH9+ <esi"n (ana"ement for Productivity% Co$st&u!tio$ P&odu!ti'ity Net,o&1 Re*o&t FR(>.
Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y Rese&!h $d I$#o&mtio$ Asso!itio$. 4$u&y >AAH+
CIRIA 5>AAH9+ ow Jthers (ana"e the <esi"n Process% Co$st&u!tio$ P&odu!ti'ity Net,o&1 Re*o&t
FR(). Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y Rese&!h $d I$#o&mtio$ Asso!itio$. 4$u&y >AAH+
C"&1. 2im B+ U Fu8imoto. T+ 5>AA>9+ Product <evelopment Performance. H&'&d Busi$ess P&ess.
Cmb&id%e. MA+
C"e"$d. D+I+ $d 2i$%. F+R+ 5eds9 5>AEE9+ #he Pro6ect (ana"ement andboo). (
$d
editio$. K$
Nost&$d Rei$ho"d. USA+
C"ou%h. Ri!h&d $d Se&s. G"e$$ 5>A?A9+ Construction Pro6ect (ana"ement. 2
nd
edition% 4oh$ Fi"ey U
So$s. Ne, Yo&1+
Co"e. A+4+ $d Bo&dm$. 4+T+ 5>AA79+ BMode""i$% P&odu!t De'e"o*me$t P&o!esses Usi$% So#t Systems
Methodo"o%yC i$ Ente"rated <esi"n and Process #echnolo"y. Te/s+
Co"es. Ed,&d 4+ >AA)+ <esi"n (ana"ement: , study of practice in the buildin" industry% The
Ch&te&ed I$stitute o# Bui"di$%. O!!sio$" P*e& No+ D)+ 6( **+
COMIC. >AA6+ Enformin" C*CW *ystem Ae;uirements% The COMIC P&o8e!t. Es*&it Bsi! Rese&!h
P&o8e!t H((7+ Do!ume$t ID D(+>+ (?) **+
Co$!u&&e$t Te!h$o"o%ies >AA7+ Proceedin"s of the $GGC Concurrent 9n"ineerin" Conference%
Co$!u&&e$t Te!h$o"o%ies+
Co$1"i$. E+ 4e##&ey $d Fei". Fi""im 5>AAE9+ Wic)ed Problems: Iamin" the Pain in Jr"ani2ations%
htt*-JJ,,,+6m!o+#iJmeeti$%$et,o&1J&edi$%&oomJ%dss],i!1ed+htm"
Co$st&u!tio$ Ts1 Fo&!e 5>AAE9+ Aethin)in" Construction% Re*o&t o# the Co$st&u!tio$ Ts1 Fo&!e to the
De*t+ o# the E$'i&o$me$t. T&$s*o&t $d the Re%io$s. U$ited 2i$%dom+
Coo*e&. 2+G+ 5>AA69+ BThe &e,o&1 !y!"e- be$!hm&1s #o& the *&o8e!t m$%e&C+ Pro6ect (ana"ement
Nournal. >AA6 (D5>9+
Co,$. H+4+. Ge&o. 4+S+. Di$%. G+D+. $d Mu$!ey. R+F+ 5>AHE9+ (odels in ,rchitecture. E"se'ie&.
Lo$do$+
Co,$. H+4+ 5>A??9+ ,n istorical Jutline of ,rchitectural *cience. 2
nd
edition% A**"ied S!ie$!e.
Lo$do$+
Co,$. H+4+ 5>A??b9+ #he (asterbuilders% 4oh$ Fi"ey. Ne, Yo&1+
Co,$. H+4+ 5>A??!9+ *cience and 7uildin"% 4oh$ Fi"ey. Ne, Yo&1+
Co,$. H+4+ 5>AE)9+ BIu$titti'e $d Iu"itti'e U$de&st$di$% o# E$%i$ee&i$% Phe$ome$C+
Proceedin"s En"enieurpPda"o"i) 3H0. Fie$+
Co,$. H+4+ 5>AE>9+ BDesi%$ Edu!tio$ Bsed o$ $ E/*&essed Stteme$t o# the Desi%$ P&o!essC+ Proc%
Enstn% Civ% 9n"rs. ?). ?D60?76+
Coy$e. Ri!h&d D+ 5>AEE9+ Lo"ic models of desi"n% Pitm$. Lo$do$+ >AEE+ 6>? *+
Coy$e. Ri!h&d D+. Mi!he" A+ Rose$m$. A$to$y D+ Rd#o&d. B" M+ B"!h$d&$. $d 4oh$ S+
Ge&o 5>AA)9+ 8nowled"e+7ased <esi"n *ystems% Addiso$0Fes"ey. Redi$%. Mss!husetts+ 7H? *+
C&oo1. D&&y". Roo1e. 4oh$. $d Seymou&. D'id 5>AAH9 BRese&!h Te!h$i=ues i$ Co$st&u!tio$
I$#o&mtio$ Te!h$o"o%yC i$ Tu&1. >AAH+ P* >660>DD+
C&oo1. D+. Roo1e. 4+. $d Seymou&. D+ 5>AA?9 BP&ese&'i$% methodo"o%i!" !o$siste$!y- &e*"y to
R#te&y. M!Geo&%e. $d F"te&sC+ Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics. >AA? 5>79. ** DA>0DAD+
C&oss. Ni%e" 5>AA69. BS!ie$!e $d Desi%$ Methodo"o%y- A Re'ie,C. Aesearch in 9n"ineerin" <esi"n.
7-H60HA+
Cu&tis. B+ 5>AA(9. BI$si%hts #&om em*i&i!" studies o# the so#t,&e desi%$ *&o!essC. &uture 5eneration
Computin" *ystems. ?5(069. >6A0>DA+
Cu&tis. B+. 2e""$e&. M+ U O'e&. 4+ >AA(+ BP&o!ess mode"i$%4% Communications of
the ,C(. 'o"+ 67. $o+ A. ?70A)+
Dsu. S&i&m $d Estm$. Ch&"es 5>AAD9+ (ana"ement of <esi"n: 9n"ineerin" and (ana"ement
Perspectives+ 2"u,e& A!demi! Pub"ishe&s. Bosto$. MA+
Des"ey. Pete& 5>AA79+ BP&%mti! Mode"s o# Co$!u&&e$t P&odu!tJP&o!ess De'e"o*me$tC. EPSRC G&$t
Re# GRJ26AD>?+
De""MIso". M+ 5>AE>9 BMethods #o& estb"ishi$% desi%$ bud%ets $d s!hedu"esC+ Proceedin"s of the
*peciality Conference on 9ffective (ana"ement of 9n"ineerin" <esi"n. Ame&i!$ So!iety o# Ci'i"
E$%i$ee&s. Ne, Yo&1. NY. ** AA0>()+
Dobbe&stei$. M+ >AAE+ BCo$t&o" o$ the Ke&%e o# Chos0A$"ysis o# Dy$mi! P&odu!tio$ St&u!tu&esC+
*hop &loor Control+, *ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
Do&#. Ri!h&d C+ $d 2usi1. A$d&e,. edito&s 5>AAD9+ andboo) of desi"n. manufacturin". and
automation% Fi"ey. Ne, Yo&1+ >)D( *+
E!o$omist. The 5>AAA9+ BI$$o'tio$ i$ I$dust&yC+ #he 9conomist. Feb&u&y (). >AAA+
E"0Bib$y. H+ $d Abu"hss$. H+ 5>AA?9 BCo$st&i$t0bsed !o""bo&ti'e 1$o,"ed%e i$te%&tio$ systems
#o& the AEC i$dust&yC+ Proceedin"s of the Conference on Concurrent 9n"ineerin" in Construction.
I$stitute o# St&u!tu&" E$%i$ee&s. Lo$do$. U+2+. ** (>H0((H+
E**i$%e&. S+D+ 5>AA>9+ BMode"0Bsed A**&o!hes to M$%i$% Co$!u&&e$t E$%i$ee&i$%C+ Enternational
Conference on 9n"ineerin" <esi"n. 3u&i!h+
E'$s. S+ 5>AAH9+ BIm*"eme$ti$% Ste* Ch$%e i$ Su**"ie& Co0De'e"o*me$t C*bi"ity- The
M$%eme$t Ch""e$%e o# Desi%$ A!&oss the E/te$ded E$te&*&iseC. IMI G&$t 5Re#- GRJ2 ?E7669+
Fi$%e&. Sus$. Fo/. M+S+. P&i$:. F+B+. U Ri$de&"e. 4+R+ 5>AA(9+ BCo$!u&&e$t desi%$C. ,pplied ,rtificial
Entelli"ence. H. (7?0(E6+
Fi$%e&. S+. G&d$e&. E+. U Sub&hm$i$. E+ 5>AA69+ BDesi%$ su**o&t systems #o& !o$!u&&e$t
e$%i$ee&i$%- A !se study i$ "&%e *o,e& t&$s#o&me& desi%$C. Proceedin"s of the Enternational
Conference on 9n"ineerin" <esi"n. ICED MA6. The Hu%e+
F"ei%. 4+ $d R+ S!h$eide& >AAE+ BThe Li$1 to the LRe" Fo&"dM- I$#o&mtio$. 2$o,"ed%e $d
E/*e&ie$!e #o& De!isio$ M1i$%C+ *hop &loor Control+, *ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne,
Yo&1+
G"b&ith. 4+R+ 5>A?D9+ BO&%$i:tio$ Desi%$- A$ I$#o&mtio$ P&o!essi$% Kie,C+ Enterfaces D 5>A?D9.
(E06H+
Geb". D'id A+ $d E**i$%e&. Ste'e$ D+ 5>AA>9+ BMethods #o& $"y:i$% desi%$ *&o!edu&esC+ <9+'ol%
?$. <esi"n #heory and (ethodolo"y. ASME. ((?0(66+
Gibso$. G+E+. 4&+ To&to&. A+L+. $d Fi"so$. C+T+ 5>AAD9+ Perceptions of pro6ect representatives
concernin" pro6ect success and pre+pro6ect plannin" effort% Sou&!e Do!ume$t >)(. Co$st&u!tio$
I$dust&y I$stitute. U$i'e&sity o# Te/s t Austi$+
Gibso$. G+E+. 4&+ $d Hmi"to$. M+R+ 5>AAD9+ ,nalysis of pre+pro6ect plannin" effort and success
variables for capital facility pro6ects% Sou&!e Do!ume$t >)7. Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y I$stitute. U$i'e&sity
o# Te/s t Austi$+
Gibso$. G+E+. 4&+. 2!!:m&o,s1i. 4+H+. $d Lo&e. H+E+. 4&+ 5>AA79+ BP&e0P&o8e!t P"$$i$% P&o!ess #o&
C*it" F!i"itiesC+ ,*C9 Nournal of Construction 9n"ineerin" and (ana"ement. >(>569. 6>(06>E+
G"es$e. Co&&i$e $d Pesh1i$. A"$ 5>AA>9. 7ecomin" Oualitative Aesearchers: ,n Entroduction.
Lo$%m$. Fhite P"i$s. NY+
G&y. Co"i$. Hu%hes. Fi"" $d Be$$ett. 4oh$ 5>AAD9+ #he *uccessful (ana"ement of <esi"n: ,
andboo) of 7uildin" <esi"n (ana"ement% Ce$t&e #o& St&te%i! Studies i$ Co$st&u!tio$. U$i'e&sity o#
Redi$%. Redi$%. U+2+. >)) **+
G&ee$. Stu&t 5>AAD9 BBeyo$d '"ue e$%i$ee&i$%- SMART '"ue m$%eme$t #o& bui"di$% *&o8e!tsC+
Enternational Nournal of Pro6ect (ana"ement. >AAD. DA07H+
G&ee$. S+ D+ 5>AAH9+ BA met*ho&i!" $"ysis o# !"ie$t o&%$i:tio$s $d the b&ie#i$% *&o!essC+
Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics. >D. >770>HD+
G&ee$. S+ 5>AAE9+ BThe te!h$o!&ti! tot"it&i$ism o# !o$st&u!tio$ *&o!ess im*&o'eme$t- !&iti!"
*e&s*e!ti'eC+ 9n"ineerin". Construction and ,rchitectural (ana"ement. >AAE 75D9. 6?H06EE+
G&ee$. S+ 5>AAA9+ BThe missi$% &%ume$ts o# "e$ !o$st&u!tio$C+ Construction (ana"ement and
9conomics. >?5(9. >660>6?+
G&o1. Ste'e$ 5>AA(9+ #he Edea of 7uildin": #hou"ht and ,ction in the <esi"n and Production of 7uildin"s% E U
FN S*o$. Lo$do$+
Gub. E%o$ G+ 5edito&. >AA)9+ #he Paradi"m <ialo"% S%e Pub"i!tio$s. Lo$do$+ D(D *+
H&mo$. Roy L+ $d Pete&so$. Le&oy D+ 5>AA)9+ Aeinventin" #he &actory: Productivity 7rea)throu"hs En
(anufacturin" #oday% The F&ee P&ess. Ne, Yo&1+
H&mo$. Roy L+ $d Pete&so$. Le&oy D+ 5>AA(9+ Aeinventin" #he &actory EE: (ana"in" #he World Class
&actory% The F&ee P&ess. Ne, Yo&1+
H'i"$d. D'id 5>AED9+ (ana"in" ,rchitectural Pro6ects: #he Pro6ect (ana"ement (anual% Ame&i!$
I$stitute o# A&!hite!ts. Fshi$%to$. D+C+
Hi%%i$. Gu&th $d Nei" 4esso* 5>AH79+ Communications in the 7uildin" Endustry% T'isto!1
Pub"i!tio$s. Lo$do$. U+2+
Hoe#"e&. B&i$ G+ $d M&. B&i$ F+ 5>AA(9+ BSystems0E$%i$ee&i$% Methodo"o%y #o& E$%i$ee&i$%
P"$$i$% A**"i!tio$sC. Nournal of Professional Essues in 9n"ineerin" 9ducation and Practice. Ko"+
>>E. No+ (. A*&i". >AA(+ Ame&i!$ So!iety o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&s. Ne, Yo&1. NY+
Ho"t. G&y 5>AAE9+ , "uide to successful dissertation study for students of the built environment. 2
nd
edition% The Bui"t E$'i&o$me$t Rese&!h U$it. S!hoo" o# E$%i$ee&i$% $d the Bui"t E$'i&o$me$t.
U$i'e&sity o# Fo"'e&hm*to$. U+2+
Hou$she"". D'id A+ 5>AED9+ &rom the ,merican *ystem to (ass Production. $H00+$G?2% The 4oh$s
Ho*1i$s U$i'e&sity P&ess. B"timo&e. MD+
Hou$she"". D'id A+ 5>AEE9+ BThe Sme O"d P&i$!i*"es i$ the Ne, M$u#!tu&i$%C+ arvard 7usiness
Aeview. No'0De! >AEE. 7D0H>+
Ho,e"". G+A+ $d B""&d. G+ 5>AA79+ (ana"in" Mncertainty in the Pipin" &unction+ Re*o&t to the
Co$st&u!tio$ I$dust&y I$stitute. The U$i'e&sity o# Te/s t Austi$. TW. No'+. >)6 **+
Ho,e"". G+. Lu#e&. A+. $d B""&d. G+ 5>AA69+ BU$!e&ti$ty $d P&o8e!t Ob8e!ti'esC i$ Pro6ect
,ppraisal. E. 6?0D6+ Gui"d#o&d. E$%"$d+
Ho,e"". G+. Lu#e&. A+. $d B""&d. G+ 5>AA6b9+ NI$te&!tio$ bet,ee$ sub0!y!"es- o$e 1ey to im*&o'ed
methods+N ASCE. N% of Constr% 9n"r"% and ("mt%. >>A5D9. ?>D0?(E+
Hu%hes. 4+. Some&'i""e. I+. Be$t"ey. R+. et "+ 5>AA69+ BDesi%$i$% ,ith Eth$o%&*hy- M1i$% Fo&1
Kisib"eC. Enteractin" with Computers 7-(6A0(76+
Hu%hes. 4oh$< P&i$:. Fo"#%$%< $d S!hmidt. 28e"d 5edito&s9 >AA?+ Proceedin"s of the &ifth 9uropean
Conference on Computer *upported Cooperative Wor)% 2"u,e& A!demi! Pub"ishe&s. Do&d&e!ht. The
Nethe&"$ds+
Hu"". F&$1 M+. Co""i$s. Pu" D+. $d Li1e&. 4e##&ey 2+ 5>AAH9+ BCom*osite Fo&ms o# O&%$i:tio$ s
St&te%y #o& Co$!u&&e$t E$%i$ee&i$% E##e!ti'e$ess+C E999 #ransactions on 9n"ineerin" (ana"ement.
D65(9. >660>D(+
Hu"t. M+ $d Le$$u$%. S+ 5>AE)9+ BTo,&ds de#i$itio$ o# !tio$ &ese&!h- $ote $d bib"io%&*hyC+
Nournal of (ana"ement *tudies. >?5(9. (D>0(7)+
IDC 5>AE79+ <esi"n <eliverables Lists: i"h Q#ech 5reenfield &acility% I$dust&i" Desi%$ Co&*o&tio$.
Po&t"$d. O&e%o$+
4oh$so$. H+ Thoms. $d 2*"$. Robe&t S+ 5>AE?9+ Aelevance Lost: #he Aise ,nd &all Jf (ana"ement
,ccountin"% H&'&d Busi$ess S!hoo" P&ess. Bosto$+
4ose*hso$. Pe&0E&i1 U Hmm&"u$d. Y$%'e+ >AAH+ Costs of ;uality defects in the G03s% Re*o&t DA+
Bui"di$% E!o$omi!s $d Co$st&u!tio$ M$%eme$t. Ch"me&s U$i'e&sity o# Te!h$o"o%y+ >(7 *+ 5I$
S,edish9
4u&$. 4ose*h. $d G&y$. F&$1 M+. 4&+ 5>AEH9+ Ouality Plannin" and ,nalysis% M!G&,0Hi"". Ne,
Yo&1+
2$ott. Te&&y 5>AAH9 Io 7usiness ,s Msual% B&itish Pet&o"eum Com*$y. Lo$do$. U+2+
2o"od$e&. 4$et >AA69+ Case+7ased Aeasonin" 5+ Mo&%$ 2u#m$$ Pub"ishe&s. S$ Mteo. CA+
2usi1. A$d&e,. edito& 5>AA69+ Concurrent 9n"ineerin": automation. tools. and techni;ues% Fi"ey.
Ne, Yo&1+ 7EA *+
L##o&d. Geo##. Pe$$y. Ch&"es. OMH$. Simo$. S!ott. Nei". Tu"ett. Mi1e. $d Butt#ie"d. A$$e 5>AAE9+
(ana"in" the desi"n process in civil en"ineerin" desi"n and build Q a "uide for clients. desi"ners and
contractors% Fu$de&s Re*o&t JCPJ7A. Co$st&u!tio$ I$stitute #o& Rese&!h $d I$#o&mtio$ Asso!itio$.
Feb&u&y. >AAE+
Lthm. Mi!he" 5>AAD9+ Constructin" the #eam. HSMO. Lo$do$+ THD(7 L6 >AAD E$%&
Lu#e&. A+ 5>AAE9+ Emplementable Aesearch: , Prere;uisite for Emplementation of Aesearch Aesults%
Se"#0*ub"ished. Hi#. Is&e"
L,so$. B&y$ 5>AE)9+ ow <esi"ners #hin)% The A&!hite!tu&" P&ess Ltd. Lo$do$. U+2+
Le'itt. R+E+. Cohe$. G+P+. 2u$:. 4+C+. Nss. C+I+. Ch&isti$se$. T+. $d 4i$. Y+ 5>AAD9+ BThe LKi&tu"
Desi%$ TemM- Simu"ti$% Ho, O&%$i:tio$ St&u!tu&e $d I$#o&mtio$ P&o!essi$% Too"s A##e!t Tem
Pe&#o&m$!e+C i$ C&"ey. 2+M+ $d P&ietu". M+4+ 5eds+9. Computational Jr"ani2ation #heory+L,&e$!e
E&"bum Asso!+ Pubs+. Hi""sd"e. N+4+
Le,i$. 2u&t 5>AHD9+ &ield theory in social science: selected theoretical papers% Edited by Do&,i$
C&t,&i%ht. >A7>+ G&ee$,ood P&ess. Fest*o&t. Co$$e!ti!utt+ 6DH *+
Li1e&. 4e##&ey 2+ $d F"eis!he&. Mit!he"" 5>AA(9+ BO&%$i:tio$" Co$te/t B&&ie&s to DFM.C i$
(ana"in" <esi"n for (anufacturability. ed+ G+I+ Susm$. O/#o&d U$i'e&sity P&ess+
Li1e&. 4e##&ey 2+. F"eis!he&. Mit!he"". $d A&$sdo&#. D'id 5>AA(9+ BFu"#i""i$% the P&omises o# CADC+
*loan (ana"ement Aeview. S*&i$% >AA(. ?D0EH+
Li1e&. 4e##&ey 2+. Sobe1 II. Du&,&d 2+. F&d. A""e$ C+. $d C&isti$o. 4oh$ 4+ 5>AAH9+ BI$'o"'i$%
Su**"ie&s i$ P&odu!t De'e"o*me$t i$ the U$ited Sttes $d 4*$- E'ide$!e #o& Set0Bsed Co$!u&&e$t
E$%i$ee&i$%C+ E999 #ransactions on 9n"ineerin" (ana"ement. D65(9. >H70>?E+
_L"oyd. Pete& $d Des"ey. Pete& 5>AA?9+ BFhtMs the Sto&yG Te/t Bsed A$"ysis o# E$%i$ee&i$%
Desi%$C i$ Enternational Conference of 9n"ineerin" <esi"n 5ICED9 U$i'e&sity o# Tm*e&e. Tm*e&e.
Fi$"$d. ** (J6?>06?H+
Lo!1. De$$is 5>AA69+ andboo) of 9n"ineerin" (ana"ement% (
$d
editio$. Butte&,o&th0Hei$em$$.
O/#o&d+
Lo$do$. 2e&&y A+ $d 2e$"ey. R+ 5>AAI9+ BC"ie$tMs Ro"e i$ Co$st&u!tio$ Su**"y Chi$ Net,o&1
M$%eme$t- A Theo&eti!" Mode"C+
Lott:. C"udio. C"`me$t. De$is E+. F"ti$%s. Boi K+. $d Smith. I$ F+ C+ 5>AAA9+ BCo$st&i$t0Bsed
Su**o&t #o& Co""bo&tio$ i$ Desi%$ $d Co$st&u!tio$C+ Nournal of Computin" in Civil 9n"ineerin".
Ame&i!$ So!iety o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&s. Ne, Yo&1. (6067+
M!Phe&so$. S+4+. 2e""y. 4+R+. $d Febb. R+S+ 5>AA69+ BHo, desi%$s de'e"o*- I$si%hts #&om !se studies
i$ bui"di$% e$%i$ee&i$% se&'i!esC. Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics. >>. D?70DE7+
M$i!s. P+T+ $d Se!o&d. P+4+ 5>AE69 BIm*"i!tio$s #o& Psy!ho"o%y o# the Ne, Phi"oso*hy o# S!ie$!eC+
,merican Psycholo"ist. 6E. 6AA0D>6+
M!Geo&%e. D+. R#te&y. 4+. $d F"te&s. F+ 5>AA?9 BB&e1i$% u* methodo"o%i!" mo$o*o"ies- mu"ti0
*&di%m **&o!h to !o$st&u!tio$ m$%eme$t &ese&!hC+ Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics.
>AA? 5>79. ** (A>0(A?
Mo"ds!h". M+ >AAE+ BRtio$"ity. Cu"tu&e $d Po"iti!s o# P&odu!tio$C+ *hop &loor Control+, *ystems
Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
Mo"ds!h". M+ $d Febe&. F+G+ 5>AA?9+ BThe LTh&ee F'esM o# i$dust&i" %&ou* ,o&1 a Histo&i!"
&e#"e!tio$s o$ !u&&e$t &ese&!h i$ %&ou* ,o&1+C i$ #he use of social science for social reconstruction.
uman Aelations. s*e!i" issue to the 7)
th
A$$i'e&s&y o# the T'isto!1 I$stitute. Lo$do$+
Mo&&is. P+F+G+ $d Hou%h. G+H+ 5>AE?9+ #he ,natomy of (a6or Pro6ects: , *tudy of the Aeality of
Pro6ect (ana"ement% 4oh$ Fi"ey $d So$s. U2+
Mo&&is. P+G+F+ 5>AAD9+ #he (ana"ement of Pro6ects% Thoms Te"#o&d. Lo$do$+ 67E *+
Mu&*hy. R+ 5>AE>9 BDe'e"o*i$% Fo&1 P!1%es #o& P&o8e!t Co$t&o"C+ Proceedin"s of the *peciality
Conference on 9ffective (ana"ement of 9n"ineerin" <esi"n. Ame&i!$ So!iety o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&s.
>AE>. * 7)0?A
Ntio$" Rese&!h Cou$!i" 5>AA>9+ Emprovin" 9n"ineerin" <esi"n% Ntio$" A!demy P&ess.
Fshi$%to$. D+C+
OMB&ie$. F+. Fis!he&. M+. $d 4u!1e&. 4+ 5>AA79 BA$ e!o$omi! 'ie, o# *&o8e!t !oo&di$tio$C+
Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics. >6 569. ** 6A60D))+
Oh$o. Tii!hi 5>AEE9+ #oyota Production *ystem: 7eyond Lar"e+*cale Production% P&odu!ti'ity P&ess.
Cmb&id%e. Mss!husetts+ 5T&$s"tio$ $ot !&edited+9
Pe&&o,. Ch&"es 5>AED9+ Iormal ,ccidents: Livin" With i"h+Ais) #echnolo"ies% Bsi! Boo1s. Ne,
Yo&1+
Pe&&o,. Ch&"es 5>AEH9+ CompleF or"ani2ations: , Critical 9ssay. ?
rd
edition% M!G&,0Hi"". Ne, Yo&1+
Piet&o#o&te. R+ 5>AA?9 BCommu$i!tio$ $d %o'e&$$!e i$ the bui"di$% *&o!essC+ Construction
(ana"ement and 9conomics. >7. ** ?>0E(+
P"oss". Geo&%e F+ 5>AA>9+ (ana"in" in the Iew World of (anufacturin": ow Companies can Emprove
Jperations to Compete 5lobally% P&e$ti!e H"". E$%"e,ood C"i##s. Ne, 4e&sey+
R:. Te'i $d G"obe&so$. Sh"omo 5>AAE9+ BE##e!ti'e Si:i$% $d Co$te$t De#i$itio$ o# Fo&1 P!1%esC+
Pro6ect (ana"ement Nournal. De!embe&. >AAE. >?0(6+
Rei$e&tse$. Do$"d 5>AA?9+ (ana"in" the <esi"n &actory% The F&ee P&ess. Ne, Yo&1+
Rod&i%ues. A"e/$d&e $d Bo,e&s. 4oh$ 5>AAH9+ BThe &o"e o# system dy$mi!s i$ *&o8e!t m$%eme$tC.
Enternational Nournal of Pro6ect (ana"ement. Ko"+ >D. No+ D. **+ (>60(()+
Ru$eso$. G+ 5>AA?9 BThe &o"e o# theo&y i$ !o$st&u!tio$ m$%eme$t &ese&!h- !omme$tC+ Construction
(ana"ement and 9conomics. >AA?. ** (AA06)(+
S!he&e&. E+ >AAE+ BU$de&st$di$% Sho* F"oo& Co$t&o"0A C"ose Loo1 t Re"ity+C *hop &loor Control+,
*ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
S!h^$. Do$"d A+ 5>AE69+ #he Aeflective Practitioner: ow Professionals #hin) in ,ction% Tem*"e
Smith. Lo$do$+
S!h^$. Do$"d A+ 5>AA79+ BThe Ne, S!ho"&shi* Re=ui&es Ne, E*istemo"o%yC+ Chan"e. Ko"+ (?. No+
H. No'embe&JDe!embe&. >AA7. Fshi$%to$. DC+ **+ (H06D+
S!hb*b!h. H+ >AAE+ BF&om Ce$t&" P"$$i$% $d Co$t&o" to Se"#0Re%u"tio$ o$ the Sho* F"oo&C+ *hop
&loor Control+, *ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
Se$%e. Pete& M+ 5>AA)9+ #he &ifth <iscipline: #he ,rt and Practise of the Learnin" Jr"ani2ation%
Doub"edy Cu&&e$!y. USA+
Se$%e. Pete& M+ 5>AAD9+ #he &ifth <iscipline &ieldboo)% Doub"edy. Ne, Yo&1+
Seymou&. D+ $d Roo1e. 4+ 5>AA79 BThe !u"tu&e o# i$dust&y $d the !u"tu&e o# &ese&!hC+ Construction
(ana"ement and 9conomics. >65D9. ** 7>>07(6
Seymou&. D+. C&oo1. D+. $d Roo1e. 4+ 5>AA79 BThe &o"e o# theo&y i$ !o$st&u!tio$ m$%eme$tC+
Construction (ana"ement and 9conomics+
Seymou&. D'id >AAE+ Pro6ect PhoeniF+9valuation: &irst <raft of &inal Aeport% The U$i'e&sity o#
Bi&mi$%hm. U+2+
Seymou&. D'id. Roo1e. 4oh$. $d Adms. 2im 5>AAE9+ BThe O&%$i:tio$" Co$te/t o# Be$!hm&1i$%
$d Met&i!sC+ Submitted #o& *ub"i!tio$+
Seymou&. D+E+ $d Roo1e. 4+ 5>AAE9+ BCo$st&u!tio$ M$%eme$t Rese&!h $d the Attem*t to Bui"d
So!i" S!ie$!eC+ Nournal of Construction Procurement. Ko" D. No >. 7A0?6+
Shmms0Toms. M+. Seymou&. D+. $d C"&1. L+ 5>AAH9 BThe e##e!ti'e$ess o# #o&m =u"ity
m$%eme$t systems i$ !hie'i$% the &e=ui&ed !o'e& i$ &ei$#o&!ed !o$!&eteC+ Construction (ana"ement
and 9conomics. >D569+
Shi$%o. Shi%eo 5>AE>9+ *tudy of #oyota Production *ystem% 4*$ M$%eme$t Asso!itio$. To1yo+
Shi$%o. Shi%eo 5>AEE9+ Ion+*toc) Production: #he *hin"o *ystem for Continuous Production%
P&odu!ti'ity P&ess. Cmb&id%e. Mss!husetts+
Simo$. He&be&t A+ 5>A?)9+ #he *ciences of the ,rtificial% MIT P&ess. Cmb&id%e. Mss!husetts+
Stube&. F+ >AAE+ BA**&o!hes to Sho* F"oo& S!hedu"i$%0A C&iti!" Re'ie,C+ *hop &loor Control+,
*ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
Stube&. F+ >AAE+ BGuide"i$es #o& System Desi%$ #o& O*e&tio$" P&odu!tio$ M$%eme$t+C *hop &loor
Control+, *ystems Perspective% S*&i$%e&0Ke&"%. Ne, Yo&1+
_Susm$. Ge&"d $d E'e&ed. R+D+ 5>A?E9+ BA$ ssessme$t o# the s!ie$ti#i! me&its o# !tio$ &ese&!hC+
,dministrative *cience Ouarterly. (6 5De!embe&9. 7E(0H)6+
S'e&"i$%e&. P+O+ 5>AAH9+ BP&odu!ti'ity i$ Co$st&u!tio$0A Su&'ey o# Distu&b$!es A##e!ti$% P&odu!ti'ity
i$ the Desi%$ Phse+C (
$d
I$te&$tio$" Co$%&ess o$ Co$st&u!tio$- P&odu!ti'ity i$ Co$st&u!tio$0
I$te&$tio$" E/*e&ie$!es. No'embe& 70H. >AAH. Si$%*o&e+
Ttum. C+B+ 5>AE79+ BE'"uti$% Co$st&u!tio$ P&o%&ess+C Pro6ect (ana"ement Nournal. S*e!i"
Summe& Issue. >AE7. 7(07?+
T'isto!1 I$stitute 5>AHH9+ Enterdependence and Mncertainty% T'isto!1 Pub"i!tio$s. Lo$do$. U+2+
Ty"o&. F&ede&i!1 F+ 5>AE7 P>A>>Q9+ #he Principles of *cientific (ana"ement% Hi'e Pub"ishi$%. Esto$.
Pe$$sy"'$i+
The Busi$ess Rou$dtb"e 5>AA?9+ #he 7usiness *ta)e in 9ffective Pro6ect *ystems% Co$st&u!tio$ Cost
E##e!ti'e$ess Ts1 Fo&!e+
Tomme"ei$. I&is D+ 5GG9+ BCo$st&u!ti$% Site Lyouts usi$% B"!1bo&d Reso$i$% ,ith Lye&ed
2$o,"ed%e+C Ch*te& >) i$ 8nowled"e Aepresentation+
Tomme"ei$. I&is D+ 5>AA?9 BDis!&ete0e'e$t Simu"tio$ o# Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ P&o!essesC+ Proceedin"s of
the &ifth Conference of the Enternational 5roup for Lean Construction. G&i##ith U$i'e&sity. Go"d Cost.
Aust&"i
Tomme"ei$. I&is D+. edito& 5>AA?b9+ 9Fpert *ystems for Civil 9n"ineers: Ente"ration Essues% Ame&i!$
So!iety o# Ci'i" E$%i$ee&s. Resto$. KA+
Tomme"ei$. I&is D+ $d B""&d. G"e$$ 5>AA?9+ BLoo10Ahed P"$$i$%- S!&ee$i$% $d Pu""i$%+C
#echnical Aeport Io% G7+G. Co$st&u!tio$ E$%i$ee&i$% $d M$%eme$t P&o%&m. De*t+ o#
E$'i&o$me$t" $d Ci'i" E$%i$ee&i$%. U$i'e&sity o# C"i#o&$i+ Be&1e"ey. CA+ P&o!eedi$%s o# the
Se!o$d I$te&$tio$" Semi$& o$ Le$ Co$st&u!tio$ 5Semi$&io I$te&$!io$" Co$st&u!o sem
Pe&ds9. ()0(> O!tobe& >AA?. So Pu"o. B&:i"+
Tomme"ei$. I&is D+ $d B""&d. G"e$$ 5>AA?b9+ BCoo&di$ti$% S*e!i"ists+C #echnical Aeport Io% G7+H.
Co$st&u!tio$ E$%i$ee&i$% $d M$%eme$t P&o%&m. De*t+ o# E$'i&o$me$t" $d Ci'i" E$%i$ee&i$%.
U$i'e&sity o# C"i#o&$i. Be&1e"ey. CA+ P&o!eedi$%s o# the Se!o$d I$te&$tio$" Semi$& o$ Le$
Co$st&u!tio$ 5Semi$&io I$te&$!io$" Co$st&u!o sem Pe&ds9. ()0(> O!tobe& >AA?. So Pu"o.
B&:i"+
Too1ey. 4+E+ $d Betts. 4+ 5>AAA9+ BCo$!u&&e$t E$%i$ee&i$% Issues i$ the Ae&os*!e I$dust&y0Lesso$s to
be Le&$ed #o& Co$st&u!tio$GC Proceedin"s of the Conference on Concurrent 9n"ineerin" in
Construction. He"si$1i. Au%ust (70(?. >AAA+ >>*+
Ko""m$ et ". M$u#!tu&i$% P"$$i$% $d Co$t&o" Systems. 6
&d

editio$+ I&,i$ P&o#essio$" Pub"ishi$%.
Chi!%o. >AA(+
F&d. A""e$. 4e##&ey 2+ Li1e&. 4oh$ 4+ C&isti$o. $d Du&,&d 2+ Sobe1 II 5>AA79+ BThe Se!o$d Toyot
P&do/- Ho, De"yi$% De!isio$s C$ M1e Bette& C&s Fste&C+ *loan (ana"ement Aeview. S*&i$%
>AA7. **+ D60H>+
Ballard A-31 Last Planner
APPENDIL A: NELT STAGE PRODUCTION TEAM
KICKOFF MEETING
MTG NOTES: MAPPING SESSION. <EKI
0ho, do they estb"ish $eed dtes $d estimte du&tio$sG
0ho, de!ide ,ho shou"d be i$'o"'ed i$ ,ht dis!ussio$sG
0Cse- set se"e!tio$
5#"oo&0mou$ted o& &ise&0mou$ted9 is i$te&de*e$de$t ,ith 5st&u!tu&" *ds
#o& sets9. ,hi!h i$ tu&$ !o$st&i$s the 5&etu&$ i& *"e$um9. ,hi!h !$ %o eithe&
5th&ou%h the #"oo& o& &ise&s9. ,hi!h hs $ im*!t o$ 5!"e$i$% time $d !ost-
ho, =ui!1"y !$ they setu* #o& the $e/t sho,G9+ As it h**e$s. !hi&s !ome ,ith
di##e&e$t ty*es o# u*ho"ste&y. ,hi!h !$ !h$%e the mou$t $d ty*e o# smo1e to
be &emo'ed+ Poi$ts- 0!om*o$e$ts su!h s !hi&s my $ot be o##e&ed i$ ""
'&ieties< e+%+. "thou%h ,e mi%ht *&e#e& &ise&0mou$ted !hi&. su!h !hi&s o$"y
!ome ,ith !e&ti$ ty*e o# u*ho"ste&y tht ,ou"d o'e&"od !u&&e$t *"$s #o&
smo1e &emo'"+ ae'e&ythi$%Ms !o$$e!ted to e'e&ythi$%Jdesi%$i$% o$e ,ho"e. so
*&ts h'e the "o%i! o# *&t to ,ho"e. *ote$ti""y !o$#"i!ti$% *&o*e&ties. et!+
0Im*o&t$t to i$!"ude di&e!ti'es i$ !o$'e&sio$ m*sG
0Dis!o'e&ed i$ $ e&"ie& m**i$% sessio$ ,ith the st&u!tu&" tem tht !ou"d
st&t st&u!tu&" e$%i$ee&i$% si/ ,ee1s "te& $d h'e stee" de"i'e&ed si/ ,ee1s
e&"ie& th$ i$iti""y estimted+ Resu"t o# h'i$% membe&s o# the stee" su**"y !hi$
to%ethe& i$ the dis!ussio$- st&u!tu&" e$%i$ee&. #b&i!to&. $d e&e!to&+
Co$so"idted !o$st&u!tio$ d&,i$%s. #b&i!tio$ d&,i$%s. $d sho* 5#ie"d
e&e!tio$9 d&,i$%s i$to si$%"e set+
0The *&odu!tio$ tem $d I &e st&ti$% #te& Ls!hemti! desi%$M+ Fht h**e$ed
the$G
0Desi%$ *&odu!tio$ !o$sists o# m1i$% !"!u"tio$s. *&odu!i$% d&,i$%s.
sou&!i$%. et!+ These *&o'ide i$#o+ #o& #u&the& de!isio$ m1i$%. ,hi!h is the bi%
issue+
0Mi%ht use some *&odu!t de'e"o*me$t te!h$i=ues. e+%+ #u$!tio$"ities. et "+
NOTES ON NELT STAGE KICKOFF MTG GE1K9:1EKI
Desi%$ !om*"eted *&io& to meeti$%- Si:e $d #u$!tio$ o# thete& 5e$!"osed
Bm*hithete&C. ?))) sets0by Aue&b!h Asso!ites. thete& !o$su"t$ts9.
"oo1 $d si:e $d most mte&i"s o# e/te&io& 5by ELS A&!hite!ts. ,ho ,e&e
se"e!ted ,ith thete& !o$su"t$tMs he"*9 $d ty*e o# st&u!tu&e 5stee" #&me90
they !ou"d m1e mode"+ This **&o/imtes !o$!e*tu" desi%$ $d *e&h*s
some e"eme$ts t&ditio$""y i$!"uded i$ desi%$ de'e"o*me$t+
Ed Be!1 ssemb"ed some membe&s o# the bui"di$% tems *&io& to the meeti$%
$d m**ed thei& '"ue st&ems. usi$% b"o!1 #"o, di%&mmi$%. but s,it!hed
to MS P&o8e!t ,he$ he me&%ed the m*s+ Lots o# $e%ti'e &e!tio$ to the
CPM0too sm"" $d deti"ed. h&d to &ed $d #o""o,+
Tems ,e&e m%mtJsu**o&t. thet&i!"Ji$te&io&s. MEPJFP. bui"di$%
e$!"osu&eJ&!hite!tu&". $d !i'i"Jst&u!tu&"+ About h"# the tem membe&s hd
*&ti!i*ted i$ the i$iti" *&o!ess m**i$% ,ith Ed+
O$e *u&*ose o# the meeti$% ,s to test the #esibi"ity o# !om*"eti$% the
*&o8e!t by $ >>J>7 mo'e0i$ dte $d. i# #esib"e. to !&ete s!hedu"e #o&
doi$% so+ The othe& *&im&y *u&*ose ,s to !&ete tem ,i""i$% $d b"e to
,o&1 to%ethe&+
The #i&st h"# dy ,s de'oted to i$t&odu!tio$s 5'e&y e##e!ti'e e/e&!ise tht
%ot *eo*"e "oose$ed u* $d su&#!ed e/*e!ttio$s9. !"&i#i!tio$ o# the
busi$ess ob8e!ti'es o# Ne/tSt%es. $d the desi%$ histo&y+ The se!o$d h"#
dy ,s de'oted to b&ie# i$t&o+ to the !o$!e*ts $d histo&y o# "e$ thi$1i$%
$d to the i&*"$e %me+ The se!o$d dy st&ted ,ith tems &e'ie,i$% thei&
*&o!ess m*s #o& !om*"ete$ess. the$ t&$sitio$ed #te& some !o$#usio$ i$to
sub%&ou*s ,o&1i$% o$ *&ob"ems $d !e$t&" %&ou* !&eti$% mi"esto$e0
"e'e" CPM #o& the !o$st&u!tio$ *hse. ,o&1i$% b!1,&ds #&om the >>J>7
mo'e0i$+ The #i&st h"# o# the thi&d dy 5*"us some9 ,s s*e$t #i&st &e'ie,i$%
$d &e#i$i$% the i$*uts &e=uested o# e!h tem by othe&s. the$ by e/te$di$%
the mi"esto$e s!hedu"e th&ou%h desi%$ to the *&ese$t+ Bu&$i$% issues ,e&e
&e!o&ded+ Tems !&eted mo&e deti"ed i$te&$" s!hedu"es tht #it ,ithi$ the
mi"esto$e s!hedu"e+ M$y obst!"es ,e&e ide$ti#ied $d &emo'ed i$ side
!u!uses0B1i"" the s$1e $o,C+
P&ti!i*$ts seemed to "i1e it+ A&!hite!ts $d e$%i$ee&s sid they "i1ed %etti$%
i$*ut #&om #b&i!to&s $d i$st""e&s+ E'e&yo$e "i1ed %etti$% de!isio$s mde
o$ the s*ot &the& th$ %oi$% th&ou%h mu"ti*"e "oo*s o# submissio$. &e'ie,.
&e8e!tio$. &e,o&1. submissio$. et!+
PAJ7L9(* *JL'9<!<9CE*EJI* (,<9
I$te%&ted bse #&me #o& Lsus*e$dedM s!##o"di$% i$to !ei"i$% %&id o# House+
GO o$ ,i$d test+
A%&eed to de!ide o$ udio *&o*os" s*+
I$!"uded !"ddi$% tt!hme$ts i$ 6D mode" so !$ #b&i!te i$ sho*+
A%&eed to st&t 1ee*i$% desi%$ de!isio$ "o% 5thoM i$e/*"i!it ssi%$me$t
o# &es*o$sibi"ity $d i$e/*"i!it *&o!ess9
De!ou*"ed #&o$t ,i$do, $d su$s!&ee$+
E"imi$ted o$e &oo# e"e'tio$+
Substituted PKC memb&$e #o& BUR+
????? *eed to collect these for the record
9RP9AE(9I#,L 9L9(9I#*
Se"e!tio$ by =u"i#i!tio$s $ot *&i!e
Sh&ed busi$ess $d desi%$ i$#o&mtio$
O*e$ boo1 !!ou$ti$%
G&ou* *"$$i$%
Pu"" *"$$i$% 5b!1,&d *ss9
C&oss #u$!tio$" tem i$!"udi$% o,$e&. &!hite!t. e$%i$ee&s. #b&i!to&s.
$d e&e!to&sJi$st""e&s
I$iti" ttem*t to i$te%&te *&odu!t $d *&o!ess desi%$ 5$eeds to be
hi%h"i%hted $d do$e se"#0!o$s!ious"y. ,ith *&io& s*e!i#i!tio$ o#
desi%$ !&ite&i #o& e!h9
P&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" e/te$ded to desi%$ s ,e"" s !o$st&u!tio$ 5#utu&e9
Co$so"idtio$ o# d&,i$%s- desi%$ de'e"o*me$t. !o$t&!t do!ume$ts
5!o$st&u!tio$ do!Ms9. $d sho* d&,i$%s+ 54oi$t *&odu!tio$ o# sme by
e$%i$ee&. #b&i!to&. $d i$st""e&G9
W,# (E5# ,'9 799I <JI9 79##9A
M**i$% ,ith the tems i$ d'$!e ,s *&obb"y '"ub"e. but ,ou"d h'e
bee$ mo&e so i# "" tem membe&s ,e&e *&ese$t+
Timi$%- M$y sid this shou"d h'e bee$ do$e e&"ie&. but tht my h'e bee$
,ith &e#e&e$!e to the e$d dte &the& th$ to the st%e o# desi%$ de'e"o*me$t+
Shou"d it be do$e e&"ie& i$ desi%$ de'e"o*me$tG
The !o""bo&ti'e *&o!ess is histo&i!""y bsed o$ the Co$st&u!tio$
M$%eme$tJGu&$teed M/imum P&i!e 5CMJGMP9 **&o!h+ Sub!o$t&!to&s
$d #b&i!to&s h'e $ot *&e'ious"y bee$ i$!"uded i$ the !o""bo&tio$. ,hi!h ,s
&est&i!ted to the o,$e&. !o$t&!to&. $d &!hite!t. ,ith the !o$t&!to& se&'i$% s
the o,$e&Ms ,t!hdo% o'e& !ost du&i$% the desi%$ *&o!ess+ M$%eme$t o# the
desi%$ hs $ot bee$ *&t o# the *&o!ess+ Residue o# tht **&o!h &e sti"" *&ese$t
i$ Ne/tSt%es. ,hi!h seems to h'e thou%ht o# the &!hite!t $d thete&
!o$su"t$t s h'i$% the !"osest &e"tio$shi* to the o,$e&. the$ e$%i$ee&s. the$
#b&i!to&s $d i$st""e&s+ The %e$e&" !o$t&!to& sti"" ,i"" !o$t&!t ,ith the
sub!o$t&!to&s. ,ho ,i"" 5ty*i!""y9 de" di&e!t"y ,ith su**"ie&s $d #b&i!to&s+
Bette& to h'e i$st""e&s be i$ the #i&st tie& &ou$d the tb"e. the$ h'e them b&i$%
i$ #b&i!to&s $d e$%i$ee&sG Shou"d the &!hite!t be i$te%&ted ,ith the
e$!"osu&e tem. si$!e thei& !o$!e&$ is ,ith sh*i$% s*!eG
Bette& to h'e the tems use the sme #o&mt #o& m**i$% so they !ou"d be mo&e
'isib"e $d mo&e esi"y i$te%&ted i$to ,ho"eG Bette& to use ,o&1m**i$%
%&*hi! te&mi$o"o%y th$ b"o!1 #"o, di%&mmi$%G
E/*"i!it ttem*t to i$te%&te *&odu!t $d *&o!ess desi%$. ,ith *&io& s*e!i#i!tio$
o# desi%$ !&ite&i #o& e!h+
E/*"i!it !ommitme$t to 8oi$t *&odu!tio$ o# d&,i$%s by e$%i$ee&. #b&i!to&. $d
i$st""e& $d sub0%&ou* *"$$i$% o# tht *&o!ess+
W,#3* <E&&9A9I# ,# EC9 JM*9?
I$st""e&s i$ #i&st tie&
Fo&1m**i$%
I$st""e&s 5$d #b&i!to&sG9 i$'o"'ed i$ s!hemti!J!o$!e*tu" desi%$
E/*"i!it ide$ti#i!tio$ o# !&ite&i #o& desi%$ o# *&odu!t $d *&o!ess
Di##e&e$t !omme&!i" &&$%eme$tsG
IJ#9* #J &EL9
Desi%$ de!isio$ "o%- the&e ,s $o &e!o&d o# the desi%$ b&ie# o& bsis #o& m1i$%
desi%$ $d *"$$i$% de!isio$s+ 5FhtMs the &e"tio$shi* bet,ee$ *&odu!tio$ *"$$i$%
$d desi%$G They &e esse$ti""y the sme 1i$d o# *&o!esses. both &e desi%$
*&o!esses. but o$e is o# the *&odu!t $d the othe& o# *&o!ess #o& desi%$i$% o&
bui"di$% the *&odu!t+ Ed i$iti""y &esisted mi/i$% desi%$ de!isio$ m1i$% i$ ,ith
s!hedu"i$%. but they #o&!ed themse"'es to%ethe&. ,hi!h seems =uite $tu&" $d
i$e'itb"e %i'e$ tht they &e both desi%$ *&o!esses+9
Need to !&ete $e, $mes #o& the *hses o# the desi%$J!o$st&u!tio$ *&o!ess i$ o&de&
to b&e1 the %&i* o# the !o$'e$tio$" s!hemti!Jdesi%$ de'e"o*me$tJ!o$t&!t
do!ume$tsJsho* d&,i$%s mode"G
I st&o$%"y sus*e!t tht m$y desi%$ de!isio$s &e $o, mde ,ith mi$d to
*&ote!ti$% ,ht the de!isio$ m1e& 1$o,s is im*o&t$t. but ,ithout u$de&st$di$%
,ht e"se is im*o&t$t+
E'e&yo$e seemed &e"esed by the *&os*e!t o# ,o&1i$% #o& the %ood o# the 8ob s
,ho"e. but "so m$y sid tht it ,s 8ust mtte& o# h'i$% !osts &eimbu&sb"e+ So
sim*"e i# t&ue. but I be"ie'e tht #o&m $eeds to be #i""ed ,ith *&odu!tio$ m$%eme$t
!o$te$t " "e$ thi$1i$%+
Ho, mesu&e the im*!t o# !o$so"idti$% DDs. CDs. $d SDs i$to si$%"e set o#
d&,i$%sG
Ho, mesu&e the im*!t o# i$te%&ted. tem desi%$ o# *&odu!t $d *&o!essG
Ho, mesu&e the im*!t o# *&odu!tio$ !o$t&o" o'e& the e$ti&e desi%$0*&o!u&e0i$st""
*&o!essG
Need bette& *&o!ess #o& ide$ti#yi$% $d de'e"o*i$% !"ie$t '"ues+
Ditto #o& t&$s"ti$% those '"ues i$to desi%$ !&ite&i+
Need ,y to *ub"i!i:e de!isio$s tht !h$%e the *&odu!t o& *&o!ess desi%$ !&ite&i0
t&$s*&e$!y+
W,# #J A9*9,AC ,I< W,#!JW #J (9,*MA9?
The !&oss #u$!tio$" tem **&o!h to i$te%&ted desi%$ o# *&odu!t $d *&o!ess+
A"so ho, '"ues &e ide$ti#ied. ho, they &e t&$s"ted i$to desi%$ !&ite&i. $d ho,
those !&ite&i &e !tu""y **"ied i$ the desi%$ *&o!ess+ 8eep documents Bmaps.
schedules. meetin" minutes). collect participant evaluations. see) hard measurements of
improvement in product desi"n. cost. or delivery time%
A**"i!tio$ o# shie"di$% to !o$t&o" o# desi%$ *&odu!tio$+ Des!&ibe *&o!ess.
!o""e!t dt 5PPC. &eso$s. !tio$s9. !o""e!t *&ti!i*$t e'"utio$s. see1 h&d
mesu&eme$ts o# im*&o'eme$t< e%+ *&odu!ti'ity. du&tio$s. !osts+
Ballard B-35 Last Planner
APPENDIL B: NELT STAGE PROBECT
TELECONFERENCES
Coo&di$tio$ o$ the Ne/t St%e *&o8e!t ,s do$e "&%e"y by me$s o# bi,ee1"y
te"e!o$#e&e$!es. i$ ,hi!h e!h desi%$ tem ;met; i$ su!!essio$ th&ou%hout o$e "o$% dy.
,ith the m$%eme$t tem *&ese$t th&ou%hout+ The $otes be"o, &e those o# this utho&
mde *&io& to o& du&i$% the te"e!o$#e&e$!es o# ?J(AJAE. EJ(HJAE. AJAJAE. AJ(6JAE.
>)J?JAE. $d >(J>HJAE+
PREP FOR JE:KEKI TELECONFERENCE. JE:IEKI
0The bi% issue ,s "!1 o# *i*e i$'e&ts 5e"e'tio$sG9 t bui"di$%
d&i$%e !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts+
0Shou"d PPC mesu&e t mi"esto$e. submi"esto$e. !tio$ item "e'e". o& ""
th&eeG
0A&e Bdtes &e=ui&edC !tu""y tht o& dte it;s thou%ht the ts1 ,i"" be do$eG
0Co$side& de#e&&i$% de!isio$s to !!ommodte u$!e&ti$ty+
0Ho, mu!h is d&i'e$ by *e&mitti$% $d **&o'"sG
0M1i$% ssi%$me$ts t systems tem "e'e"0!tio$ items+ Too deti"edG
0O*=ue ,ht *"$$i$% is do$e #&om ,hi!h ssi%$me$ts &e !!e*ted< e+%+. ho,
do s*e!i"ists 1$o, "ods $d !*!itiesG
0Ditto ,ht *"$$i$% is do$e #te& *"$ *e&iod ssi%$me$ts &e !!e*ted< e+%+. do
tems o& s*e!i"ists !&ete deti"ed s!hedu"e #o& the *"$ *e&iod. o& i$!o&*o&te
these ssi%$me$ts i$ thei& s!hedu"e "o$% ,ith othe&sG
0Go"- e"imi$te *"$ =u"ity #i"u&es+ The$ bso&b e/e!utio$ #i"u&es i$to
*"$$i$%+
0Need to *&io&iti:e !tio$ itemsG NB- di##i!u"t to si:e+
0Ho, to ide$ti#y ,he$ o$e !tio$ item de*e$ds o$ $othe& i$ the sme *"$
*e&iodG
0Need to !"&i#y *u&*ose o# the te"e!o$#e&e$!eG Is it *"$$i$% meeti$% to
ide$ti#y ts1s. o& meeti$% to sttus the *"$ $d "e&$ ho, to *"$ bette&G
0Need to m1e the *"$$i$% system e/*"i!it- "e'e"s $d !o&&es*o$di$% *&o!esses+
0Fht e/*e&ime$ts t Ne/t St%eG
0Pu"" s!hedu"i$%< *u"" s ,o&1 se"e!tio$ !&ite&io$
0G&ou* s!hedu"i$%
0O&%$i:tio$ i$ system tems
0Ho, to !o$t&o" desi%$G
0Ho, to *"$ desi%$G
0Ho, to !hie'e !o$!u&&e$!yG
0Ho, to de'e"o* su**"y !hi$G
0Ho, to best use 6D5X9 mode"i$%G
0Ho, mi%ht Lst P"$$e& be$e#it desi%$G
0I# the desi%$e& 1$o,s ,ht ,o&1 is u*!omi$%. heJshe 5o& othe&s9 !$
*&e*&e #o& it- bette& u$de&st$d the ts1. m1e &edy- *u"" *&e&e=uisites.
&eso"'e !o$#"i!ti$% di&e!ti'es. !o""e!t i$#o&mtio$+ A"so. desi%$ m%mt
!$ bette& mt!h !*!ity to "od. &edu!i$% id"e &esou&!e time $d
o'e&*&odu!tio$+ A'oid h'i$% too m$y o& too #e, s*e!i#i! s1i"" sets to
do the 'i"b"e ,o&1+
0I# mo&e ssi%$ed ts1s &e sou$d 5&edy9. "ess desi%$e& time is s*e$t
s,it!hi$% bet,ee$ ssi%$me$ts+ A"so. ssi%$me$ts !$ be mo&e o#te$
!om*"eted ,he$ s!hedu"ed. bette& d'$!i$% the desi%$ *&o8e!t+
TELECONFERENCE. JE:KEKI
0See AA)?+)>+E+)6 BReso"'e bui"di$% sto&mJs$it&y site !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts $d
*i*e i$'e&ts+C Pmy !omme$t- $eed e"e'+ o# sto&m d&i$s $d bo'e #&om MEQ This
,s ssi%$ed s %&ou* ts1 to the me!h$i!" e$%i$ee&. !i'i" e$%i$ee&. *&o8e!t
m$%e&. $d the *"umbe& due ?J>) $d subse=ue$t"y &es!hedu"ed to ?J(E+ See
"so AA)?+>7+AE+)A BCom*"ete site d&i$%e desi%$ !&ite&iC Pmy !omme$t- $eed
*i*e i$'e&ts t b"d% !o""e!tio$ *oi$tsQ
0Poo& de#i$itio$ o# ssi%$me$t i$ AA)?+>7+AE+>H BMeet ,ith Lo$e St& P&1 to
dis!uss te&ms $d !o$ditio$s #o& *u&!hsi$% thei& bo&&o, mte&i"+C M&1ed
!om*"eted. but out*ut u$!"e&+
0NB- im*o&t$!e o# &e""y u$de&st$di$% the !tio$- 0,htMs it me$G a,htMs
*&e&e=uisiteG aho, "o$% to *e&#o&m o$!e sou$dG
0AB)?+)>+E+)E ,s$Mt *u""ed. so due dte ,s de#e&&ed to E+>(+AE+
0Pe&h*s $ e/m*"e o# "!1 o# de#i$itio$- AC)?+>7+AE+)( BReso"'e i$su"tio$
&e=ui&eme$ts #o& she"" o# the bui"di$%+C Fi"ed #o& "!1 o# i$#o #&om ME o$
het "ods+ Did$Mt s1 them s*e!i#i!""y "thou%h they ,e&e i$!"uded u$de&
BA!tio$ byC+
0Com*"etio$ o# 6D mode" im*!ted by mu"ti*"e mi$o& !h$%es+ D&i'e& is
i$te$tio$ to use mode" to *&odu!e #b&i!tio$ d&,i$%s+ Lodi$% i$#o+ is $eeded
"te&. but $eed &ou%hout "ods u* #&o$t+ Geomet&y is $eeded #i&stT,s de"yed
by !h$%es i$ seti$% *"t#o&ms+
0B'"ue st&em hd $o !ushio$+C Need to &edo '"ue st&em to !*tu&e tht
"e&$i$%G
0I$te&esti$% e/m*"e o# the !om*"e/ity o# !tio$s "u&1i$% be$eth seemi$%"y
sim*"e ssi%$me$t- AD)?+>7+AE+)? BCoo&di$te "o!tio$ o# *&os!e$ium de"u%e
system ,ith othe& systems+C Iuestio$s tht &ose i$ dis!ussio$- LDoes the !u&ti$
h'e memb&$e tht ,i"" &e=ui&e ,etti$% both sidesG Ho, to !o$t&o" the de"u%e
systemG Possib"y **"i!b"e !ode &e=ui&es het se$so&s o$ st%e0$ot yet *&o'ided+
Code $ot e/*"i!it bout se$so& "o!tio$s. et!+M
0IB)?+>7+AE+)6 BS!hedu"e #o& stee" #b&i!tio$ my be too ti%ht+C Co$!e&$ed
bout to"e&$!es i$ desi%$ $d !o$st&u!tio$. es*e!i""y &e%&di$% the seti$%
*"t#o&ms+
0A**&e$t *&ob"em- LCommitti$%M to $ !tio$ tht hs *&edes!esso&s. *e&h*s i$
!hi$. some o# ,hi!h do $ot h'e ide$ti#ied *&e&e=uisites+ A !o$st&i$t- di##i!u"t
to 1$o, 'e&y #& i$ d'$!e ,ht tht "o%i! is be!use it is de'e"o*ed s e!h
ste* is t1e$G
0NB- Im*o&t$t to $ote ,he$ desi%$ !&ite&io$ is bei$% *&odu!edG A"soRto
t&!1 de!isio$s &e desi%$ !&ite&iG
0M1e LissuesM de"ibe&te"y i$!"ude $e/t >0( *"$ *e&iods $d use to de'e"o*
de#i$itio$ o# the !tio$s $eededG
0A&e mostJm$y #i"u&es #&om "!1 o# de#i$itio$G I# so. $eed m1e &edy
*e&iod i$ ,hi!hR+
0C"e&"y the !tu" *"$$i$%J&e*"$$i$% &hythm$ is #ste& th$ bi,ee1"y+
0Bi,ee1"y- _Ad8ust mi"esto$e 5$d submi"esto$eG9 s!hedu"e _E!h tem sttuses
U !te%o&i:es the *&e'ious *"$ *e&iod+ _E!h tem de'e"o*s ,o&1 *"$ #o& the
$e/t *"$ *e&iod+ _Tems BmeetC to me&%e ,o&1 *"$s+ _Ho"d this meeti$%. the$
#i$"i:e tem ,o&1*"$ $d !oo&di$te by *ho$e0BC$ youRGC
0
Shou"d
Loo1hed
P"$$i$%
Ad8usted
Shou"d
M1e Redy
B!1"o%
Commitme$t
P"$$i$%
Fi""
_Does this st&u!tu&e ,o&1 #o& desi%$G A&e st&o$% !ommitme$ts *ossib"eG
_Desi%$ ts1s &e o#te$ !"ose"y !ou*"ed i$ time. so "ots o# Lde"i'e&iesM &e
$eeded ,ithi$ the *"$ *e&iod+
0Fht sttusi$% $d !te%o&i:i$% !$ be do$e by i$di'idu" *"ye&sG Is
te"e!o$#e&e$!e the best ,y to do thisG
0Fhy did$Mt 4e&&y s1 G&y #o& the *i*i$% i$'e&tsG
0
(ilestone *chedule
*ub+(ilestone *chedule
P&o8e!t
Tem A
Tem B
Wor) Plan
P"ye& A0>
P"ye& A0(
P"ye&
B0>
P"ye& B0(
_E!h *"ye& is &es*o$sib"e #o& *u""i$% ,ht they $eed #&om othe&sG
0Pe&h*s the 1ey 'i&tue i$ desi%$ is &*id &e*"$$i$% &the& th$
*"$ &e"ibi"ity+
0A 1ey is u$de&st$di$% e!h othe&Ms $eeds $d the '"ue st&em+
0Le'e"s o# S!hedu"e
Mi"esto$e S!hedu"eJK"ue St&em
Submi"esto$e 5,o&1 &e"ese bet,ee$ tems90PPC mesu&ed
Fo&1 P"$s 5!tio$s by *"ye&s ,ithi$ tems90PPC mesu&ed #o& use
by *"ye&< &e*o&ted to *&o8e!t s i$di!to& o# &e"ibi"ity+
A!tio$ Item List
De!isio$ List
Issues List
P"ye& s!hedu"es
E!h *"ye& sttuses thei& ,o&1 *"$s.
s!hedu"es. !"!u"tes PPC. ide$ti#ies U i$itites
0
!tio$ o$ &eso$s #o& *"$ #i"u&e
E/e!
utio$
A"" *"ye&s tte$d tem meeti$% to
!om*"ete sttus $d !o&&e!ti'e !tio$.
$d to ide$ti#yJ!ommu$i!te $eeds $d
!ommit to !tio$ items+ A$d to "oo1
hed >0( *"$ *e&iods $d &e#i$e
de#i$itio$ o# #utu&e !tio$s+
Mesu&e. Ch&t.
U Pub"i!i:e
sttus 's
Mi"esto$es
E!h *"ye& de'e"o*s ,o&1
*"$. i$!o&*o&ti$% i$*ut
#&om Su**o&t Tem.
'isib"eJ'i"b"e to ""+
Su**o&t Tem &e'ises
'"ue st&em $d *"$$i$%
*&o!ess 'isib"eJ'i"b"e to
""
0Fhoe'e& $eeds somethi$% #&om someo$e e"se is &es*o$sib"e #o&
*&e!ise"y de#i$i$% the $eed $d shou"d *u"" it #&om them+
0Ho, to !o$#i&m *u""G Must someo$e e"se %i'e you $ o&de& o& shou"d e!h
*"ye& ,o&1 i$de*e$de$t"y to,&d the mi"esto$es u$"ess he &e!ei'es $ o&de&G
Sh&e ,o&1 *"$s so othe&s 1$o, ,ht youM&e doi$%+
0ItMs &e""y h&d to 1$o, the desi%$ !&ite&i #o& s*e!i#i! desi%$ *&odu!ts+
0M$y !tio$ items &esu"t #&om $eeds #o& i$*ut i$#o+0"ods 5st&u!tu&". het.
e$e&%y. et!+9. dime$sio$s. et!+ Fits ,ith *&ob"em so"'i$% mode"G
0Mi%ht he"* i# they hd "imited %"oss&y o# !tio$ ty*es- >9 dete&mi$e
desi%$Jde!isio$ !&ite&i . (9 u$de&st$ d the desi%$ ts1 $d *&o!ess. 69 !o""e!t
i$*ut i$#o+. D9 %e$e&te "te&$ti'es 79 e'"ut e "te&$ti'es. H9 se"e!t #&om
"te&$ti'esJde!ide. ?9 **&o'eR
P!ti'ity de#i$itio$ mode"Q+
0
E/e!
utio$
P"ye&s sttus ,o&1 *"$s U de'e"o* *&e"imi$&y
,o&1 *"$s #o& $e/t *e&iod+ 5As1 #o& ,ht you
$eed+ Re!o&d ,htMs bee$ &e=uested tht you
!$ do+ Emi" PPC U Reso$s to tem
!oo&di$to&+9
Tem Meeti$%s to !ommu$i!te
$eeds 5U to m1e "oo1hed items
&edy< u$de&st$d themG9
E need to
define the
ob6ectives L
a"enda for
these
meetin"s%
Mesu&e U
Le&$
P"ye&s de'e"o* #i$" ,o&1 *"$s U
sh&e ,ith othe& *"ye&s
Re'ise '"ue
st&em
Sttus
0
E/e!utio$
O##
Fee
1s
Bi,ee1"y
Tem Meeti$%
Pub"ish Ch&ts
U Co&&e!ti'e
A!tio$s
P"ye&s de'e"o* U
sh&e ,o&1 *"$s
,ee1"y
Re'ise K"ue
St&em
9Sti"" $eed to de!ide ,ho does ,ht desi%$ 5deti"i$%G90e$%i$ee&i$% !o$su"t$ts
o& s*e!i"ity !o$t&!to&sG
9These do$Mt "" "oo1 "i1e !ommitme$ts to me+
9De#i$itio$ o# !tio$ items is *&ob"em+ Do$Mt #u""y u$de&st$d ,htMs
bei$% *u""ed 5,htMs $eeded9. desi%$Jde!isio$ !&ite&i. *&e&e=uisites+
9LM1e &edyM0**"ied to desi%$0st&ts ,ith u$de&st$di$% the desi%$ ts1.
*&o!ess U de*e$de$!ies. U !&ite&i+ Shou"d be do$e *&io& to ,o&1 e$te&i$% the
*"$ *e&iod+
9A&e "" *"ye&s de'e"o*i$% ,o&1 *"$s tht i$!"ude both !tio$ items $d ,o&1
$eeded to su**o&t '"ue st&em u$"ess modi#ied by *u""sG U&%e them to t&!1
thei& o,$ PPC $d !t o$ Reso$s+ U&%e them to !ome to meeti$%s ,ith !tio$
items sttused U !te%o&i:ed $d *e&h*s ,ith somethi$% to sh&e bout
!o&&e!ti'e !tio$+
9Need to u*dte '"ue st&em e!h ( ,ee1s+
9M1e system t&$s*&e$ t +
TELECONFERENCE IE:HEKI
0AA)E+>(+AE+)> BRe'ise $d submit site d&i$%eRC is #o""o,0o$ #&om the
e&"ie& dded !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts issue+ Ci'i" e$%i$ee& sti"" ,iti$% o$ &oo# d&i$s
i$#o #&om me!h$i!" e$%i$ee&+ AA)E+(H+AE+>) BSe!o$d set o# o'e&#"o, d&i$s
!o$$e!t to mi$ systemR+C Dis!o'e&ed **&e$t !ode &e=ui&eme$t #o&
se*&te do,$s*out #o& o'e&#"o, d&i$ u$ti" it tu&$s u$de&%&ou$d< *&e'ious"y
misu$de&stood+ P&o8e!t m%mt be"ie'es the !ity ,i"" !!e*t $ "te&$ti'e desi%$
i# ,e"" &%ued+ Some !o$!e&$ e/*&essed tht the &e=ui&eme$t my h'e %ood
&eso$< i+e+. &edu$d$t *&ote!tio$ o# &oo# #&om o'e&"odi$% $d !o""*se+
Le&$i$%- im*o&t$t 5",ysG9 to u$de&st$d the bsi s #o& the di&e!ti'e+ NB-
De!isio$ *oi$t ,he$ L$e%otiti$%M di&e!ti'es- L#i%ht o& #"eeM+
0Seems "i1e %ood dis!i*"i$e i$ !tio$ item ide$ti#i!tio$ et!+
0Fhe$ ste* b!1 $d "oo1 t the mste& s!hedu"eG
0E/m*"e o# !&ite&i !"&i#i!tio$ $d im*o&t$!e- AA)E+(H+AE+)E BCo$t!t
TASJB&&ie& F&ee Te/s to i$itite e&"y &e'ie, $d &eso"'e the #i"i$% $d
**&o'" *&o!ess+C CE dis!o'e&ed tht they ,$ted mi$imum t&'e" #&om
h$di!* *&1i$% to #&o$t e$t&$!e. he$!e $e, !tio$ item to !o$#o&m desi%$ to
this !&ite&io$+ P&e'ious"y ssumed "ess st&i$%e$t &e=ui&eme$t+
0Not ide$ti#yi$% o& $"y:i$% &eso$s+ Ho, to best do soG
0AB)E+(H+AE+)D Com*ute& memo&y hd to be dded to &u$ the mode"+ 5St&+ E$%+
hs$Mt do$e 6D mode" be#o&e. o& sm""e&G9 St& E$% is *&odu!i$% d&,i$%s s they
bui"d the mode"+ Need to !om*"ete mode" i$ o&de& to dete&mi$e membe& si:es+
0Need o&de& mi"" stee" > mo$th be#o&e b&e1i$% %&ou$dTde!isio$ !o$#i&med+
0Fou"d be $et i# !ou"d esi"y $d =ui!1"y see the !o$se=ue$!es o# !hoosi$%
,ee1 $ o& ,ee1 $X> #o& !om*"etio$ o# $ !tio$+ I# !ou"d. the$ !ou"d !hoose
sometimes to e/*edite. dd &esou&!es. et!+ i$ o&de& to do e&"ie&. i# desi&b"e+
0E/m*"e o# i$te&de*e$de$!ies- AC)?+>7+AE+)( BReso"'i$% i$su"tio$
&e=ui&eme$ts #o& she"" o# the bui"di$%+C Sou$dJ*o,e& &ti$%s o# !oo"i$%
to,e&s ,i"" d&i'e mou$t o# i$su"tio$ o& doub"e sheet &o!1+
0Good e/m*"e o# deti"ed i$#o $eeded by o$e s*e!i"ist 5!"ddi$% !o$t&!to&9
#&om $othe& 5&!hite!t9- AC)E+(H+E+)( BC"e&"y ide$ti#y o$ the !o$!e*t
d&,i$%s the "o!tio$ o# e!h !o"o&. $d dete&mi$e =u$tity o# the 'e&ti!".
ho&i:o$t" $d smooth *$e"s so the !ost #o& !ustom !o"o&s #o& e!h ty*e !$ be
ssessed+C
0O$%oi$% s% o# the #i&e *&ote!tio$ !u&ti$- AD)E+(H+AE+)6 BFo""o, u* o$
*&os!e$ium de"u%e system meeti$%R+C NB- *oo& de#i$itio$TB#o""o, u*C+ Re""y
"i#e s#ety issue tht be"o$%s i$ Thet&i!"+ O*=ue !u&ti$ is ""o,ed by !ode
but is $ot !ustom&y+
0Fiti$% o$ #ood se&'i!e !o$su"t$t dded "te to tem0C&eti'e I$dust&ies+
Did$Mt e/*edite %etti$% e=ui*me$t "yout #&om them+ Su**osed *u"" ,s #&om
ME. but he did$Mt &e"i:e tht+
TELECONFERENCE KEKEKI
0Ho, ,e"" do *&ti!i*$ts thi$1 this m$%eme$t *&o!ess is ,o&1i$%G Use#u" to
t&!1 PPC $d &eso$sG A$y !tio$s t1e$ o$ &eso$sG Ho, mu!h time is s*e$t
$d ,sted 5&es*e$t9 &e !"&ity o# di&e!ti'esG
0Desi%$ out*ut5s9 C&ite&i Autho&it y Ad'iso& s Bsis
*&1i$% "ot "yout *&o'ide h$di!* !ityG Te/s A!!ess
,J mi$ t&'e" to
b"d% e$t&$!e
&oo# o'e&#"o, se*&te do,$s*out !ity 0 i$d+
*&ot+
d&i$s #&om o'e&#"o, d&i$
systems
u$ti" it tu&$s u$de&%&ou$d
Pu"" &e=uest Reso$ $eeded Re=uesto & Re=uestee
0C&iti!" to #i$d the Lh&dM *oi$ts o# the desi%$ s*!e+ I# !ost "imit is e/!eeded.
my h'e to s!&i#i!e #u$!tio$"ity. !*!ity. o& L=u"ityM+
0Must be dis!ou&%i$% tht !o$st&u!tio$ 1ee*s s"i**i$%+ Ho, to use the dded
timeG Fhe$Jho, to sto*G
0NB- Di##e&e$t issues $d too"s my be use#u" #o& di##e&e$t dis!i*"i$es+ E+%+. !i'i"
seems to de*e$d he'i"y o$ *e&mitti$% &e=ui&eme$ts+ T&y to "ist desi%$ out*uts
$d **"i!b"e &e=ui&eme$ts. $d !&ite&i 5must h'eJ$i!e to h'e9 #o& e!h
dis!i*"i$e $d system tem+
0The&e ,s me$tio$ tht ELS ,ou"d m1e thei& $e/t mi"esto$e. i$di!ti$%
some tte$tio$ is bei$% *id to the mi"esto$e s!hedu"e+
0A di##e&e$t 1i$d o# *&ob"emT%&ee o$ !&ite&i. but dis%&ee o$ ,ht stis#ies
them+ O&. desi%$ed to o$e set o# !&ite&i. but s*e!i"ist desi%$s to $e, set
5e+%+. !ousti!" i$su"tio$9+ S*e!i"ists &e d'o!tes #o& s*e!i#i! !&ite&iS
0Ho, o#te$ do ,e $ot #u""y u$de&st$d the desi%$ de!isio$ to be mdeG E+%+.
se"e!t $d "o!te me!h$i!" e=ui*me$t to suit &e=ui&eme$ts #o& "ods t "est
!ost. the$ #!to& i$ !ousti!" !&ite&i $d dis!o'e& !ost o# c())2 i$
i$su"tio$. ,"" ty*e. et!+
0I$te&im ssessme$t o# Lst P"$$e&G
0Reso$s $"ysis $d !tio$0ho, toG
0Re!o&d !&ite&iGRi$ de!isio$s "o%GJo& !ti'ity de#i$itio$ Le/*"osio$M
0&ed&, desi%$ '"ue st&em. i$!o&*o&ti$% "e&$i$%s
0&e!o&d *u"" i$ !tio$ items "o% so they !$ e/*edite $d !"&i#yG
0Tem t!1"e i$!&ese i$ !ousti!"0&e"ted !osts- &!hite!t 5'isu". s*!e "yout9.
!ousti!" !o$su"t$t 5!"!u"tes miti%tio$ te!h$i=ues9. me!h$i!" e$%i$ee&
5*oi$t sou&!es9+ A!ousti!" !o$su"t$t !"!u"tes $eed #o& 7) #oot mso$&y ,""
to *&o'ide desi&ed !ousti!" i$su"tio$ #&om me!h$i!" e=ui*me$t $oise+
A"te&$ti'e is to se"e!t =uiete& e=ui*me$t. &e"o!te e=ui*me$t. o& shie"d
e=ui*me$t "o!""y+
0Issue- Bss Pe&#o&mi$% A&ts Ce$te& hd t&%et NBO>E. but !tu" tu&$ed out
to beO>6+ Ho, to e$su&e $ot o'e&s*e$di$%G
0NB- tems &e d&i'e$ by s*e!i#i! mi"esto$es< e+%+. B!om*"ete 6D mode"C $o,
**e&s to be the %uidi$% st& #o& the st&u!tu&" tem+ FhtMs d&i'i$% e!h tem
i$ e!h *hseG E=ui*me$t se"e!tio$ must be bi% issue #o& me!h$i!" $d
e"e!t&i!"+ A"so e=ui*me$t "o!tio$s. ,hi!h i$!"udes du!ti$%. et!+
0Need s!hedu"e #o& !om*"eti$% the desi%$+ C"!u"te #&om su**osed >>J>7
!o$st&u!tio$ st&t dteG
0Seems "i1e i# ,e bette& u$de&st$d the i$te&de*e$de$!e o# de!isio$s. ,e !ou"d
bette& m$%e the desi%$ *&o!ess+
0NB- hi%h"y s*e!i"i:ed !o$su"t$ts &e e/*e&t i$- >9 the &e" &e=ui&eme$ts<
,i%%"e &oom0,ht !$ be $e%otited< "te&$ti'es 5,i$d tu$$e" tests to dete&mi$e
L!tu"M ,i$d "ods9. (9 ,ys o# meeti$% the &e" &e=ui&eme$ts *"us desi&ed
!&ite&i. 69 sometimes e/*e&tise o& te!h$o"o%i!" me$s #o& !"!u"ti$% o&
ssessi$% "te&$ti'es< e+%+. testi$% "b+ o& s*e!i" so#t,&e+
0AA)E+>(+AE+)> Co$ti$ui$% s% o# site d&i$%eTCE did$Mt &e!ei'e i$#o+
$eeded+ A**&e$t"y $o *u""+ Fs$Mt $eeded i$ *"$ *e&iod+ Sti"" do$Mt 1$o, i#
the&e is $ u$'oidb"e !ode &e=ui&eme$t #o& mu"ti*"e "ede&s. but !ity is
!o$#ide$t they !$ ""o, us L,ht ,e ,$tM+
0E/m*"e o# o$e *e&iod !tio$ item &e=ui&i$% *&e&e=uisites #&om $othe&
s!hedu"ed #o& sme *e&iod- AA)A+)A+AE+)E $d R)A+ E ,s to %et test dt o$
*ossib"e bo&&o, mte&i"+ A ,s to m1e &e! #&om 6 "t *'eme$t desi%$s+ Fhy
did ,e thi$1 ,e !ou"d do this i$ the *e&iodG My h'e ssumed "o!" mte&i"
!ou"d be used+ Ob'ious"y e/*e!ted to %et test &esu"ts soo$e& th$ tody. ,he$
CE !tu""y &e!ei'ed them+
0H$di!* *&1i$% s%- Must &e!o$#i%u&e< *ut mo&e h$di!* s*ots i$ #&o$t o#
b"d%+
0CE did$Mt !om*"ete m$y !tio$ items du&i$% the *"$ *e&iod+ Fht hou&s ,e&e
s*e$t $d ,ht ,s !!om*"ishedG
0Co$side&i$% !h$%e i$ seti$%+ No !h$%e to bui"di$% st&u!tu&e e/*e!ted+ Ho,
bi% de"G De!ided to de#e& 6D mode" t&$s#e& u$ti" de!isio$ o$ seti$% is
mde+
0Met" !o"o& sm*"es s%- AC)E+(H+AE+)>+ M$u#!tu&e& ,iti$% o$ &e!ei*t o#
thi&d o# th&ee !o"o& sm*"es #&om *i$t !om*$y+
0Co$#usio$ &e !&ite&i- AD)A+)A+AE+)?+ EE thou%ht thet&i!" did$Mt ,$t
t&$s#o&me& i$ dimme& &oom. but !tu""y did$Mt ,$t it i$ m*"i#ie& &oom+
E'e$ so. u$!"e& ,ht t&$s#o&me& "o!tio$ is best+
0De"u%e !u&ti$ s%- Dete&mi$ed **"i!b"e !odeTNFPA 5NtM"+ Fi&e
P&ote!tio$ AssM$+9 >6+
0Rou%h !te%o&i:tio$ o# de!isio$s i$ De!isio$ Lo%- desi%$ itse"#. *&ob"em
de#i$itio$. *&o!ess. $eeds de#i$itio$+
0No &e'ie, o# PPC o& &eso$s ,ithi$ the meeti$%+
TELECONFERENCE KE:;EKI
0Fht !$ be do$e to im*&o'e se=ue$!i$%. m1e &edy 5sou$d$ess9. $d si:i$%G
0Re'isit the desi%$ '"ue st&em to m1e su&e ,e u$de&st$d the best
se=ue$!e+
Use
!ti'ities+
L$oM+
0E/*"ode mste& s!hedu"e !ti'ities s they e$te& the "oo1hed ,i$do,+
!ti'ity de#i$itio$ mode" to m1e su&e ,e u$de&st$d the s!o*e o#
0Ide$ti#y ,hoJ,ht is *u""i$% e!h ssi%$me$t i$ the "oo1hed+
0H'e *u""e&s *u""+
0Issue mi$utes by F&idy #te& Fed$esdy meeti$%s+
0H'e ssi%$ees **"y ssi%$me$t =u"ity !&ite&i< em*o,e& them to sy
0Le&$ ho, "o$% ts1s !tu""y t1e $d d8ust #utu&e estimtes+ A"so. be
!o$0 se&'ti'e+
0U$de&st$d the !o$se=ue$!es o# #i"i$% to !om*"ete ssi%$me$ts. so !$
t1e bette& &is1s+
0Be mo&e *&e!ise i$ the stteme$t o# ssi%$me$ts+ A'oid B&e'ie,C.
B#o""o, u*C. et!+
0A$"y:e &eso$s to !tio$b"e !uses+ Use 7 Fhys+
0IMm u$!om#o&tb"e ,ith the ide tht these meeti$%s *&odu!e
ssi%$me$ts+ O#te$ $eed dditio$" de#i$itio$ be#o&e !$ **"y =u"ity
!&ite&i+ Fhy $ot ""o, !h$%es $e%otited bet,ee$ Lsu**"ie&sM $d
L!ustome&sM. ,ith $oti!e to ""G I$ othe& ,o&ds. m1e *"$$i$% !o$ti$uous
&the& th$ *e&iodi!G
0C"e& $eed to issue Lmi$utesM immedite"y #te& e!h meeti$%+ P"ye&s $ot usi$%
!tio$ item "o%+
0De!ided to Lt&%etM !om*"etio$ o# ,""J!ousti! desi%$ 5AB)A+)A+AE+)G9
"thou%h $ot su&e ,i"" !om*"ete+ Shou"d u$de&st$d im*"i!tio$s o# #i"u&e+
0D$%e&ous to !om*"ete desi%$ ,ithout 1$o,i$% the use&s o# the #!i"ityG
0ItMs $ot bd to do mo&e th$ ,htMs o$ the !tio$ item "o%+ It is bd to $ot do
,htMs o$ the "o%+ E+%+. the &!hite!t !hose to s*e$d 'i"b"e time to !om*"ete
%"ss $d sti& desi%$ *!1%e. $d "et s"i* deti"i$% e/te&$" ,"" mo!1u*+ Cou"d
h'e t%%ed "tte& s ,o&1b"e b!1"o% item+
0Commu$i!tio$ L*&e#e&e$!esM- some *eo*"e &e $ot !om#o&tb"e ,ith mu"ti*"e
!h$$e"s- *ho$e. emi". #/. et!+
0Not bei$% !o"o!ted is *&ob"em+ Pe&so$" !o$$e!tio$s. ese o# !ommu$i!tio$.
%etti$% the &i%ht *eo*"e to%ethe&. "!1 o# u$*"$$ed meeti$%s 5,te& !oo"e&.
!o&&ido&9+
0Is the&e "ist o# e=ui*me$t ,ith 'e$do&. *&i!e. ,ei%ht. e$e&%y &e=ui&eme$ts. het
%e$e&ted. et!G
0IsJShou"d the&e be stteme$t o# desi%$ !&ite&i #o& e!h system. subsystem.
!om*o$e$tG Is the De!isio$s Lo% su##i!ie$tG Pe& &!hite!ts. some thet&i!"
!o$su"t$ts *&odu!e &oom do!ume$tsJboo1s+
P&o!ess F"o,
Di%&m o& si$%"e
A!ti'ity
0My !tio$s-
0A$"y:e &eso$s ,ith &!hite!t+
0U$de&st$d ho, i$di'idu" *"$$i$% systems hi$%e to !e$t&"i:ed
*"$$i$% system+ Fhe$Jho, do *"ye&s mt!h "od to !*!ityG Do they
!he!1 tht mt!h be#o&e !!e*ti$% ssi%$me$tsG E!h *"ye& hs ,o&1 to
do tht does $ot **e& o$ the mste& s!hedu"e $d my $ot be *u""ed
e/te&$""y+
0Ide$ti#y !tio$ items tht i$'o"'e !"&i#yi$% o& %e$e&ti$% desi%$ !&ite&i+
0De'e"o* e/m*"es o# !ti'ity de#i$itio$ mode"s
Db(7JFi&e
&ti$%JEt!
I$*uts
I$t ,"" desi%$
i$ !ousti!""y
se$siti'e &es
Resou&!es
0Cou"d do #o& set "yout. !"ddi$%. &oo#i$%. et!+
0Fi&st s!&ee$ i$ e'"uti$%J%e$e&ti$% "te&$ti'e desi%$s isTdoes it meet
desi%$ !&ite&iG (
$d
!o$!e&$- is o$e *&e#e&b"e i$ &e $o$bi$di$% !&ite&i
su!h s !o$st&u!tbi"ity. ese o# !=ui&i$% mte&i"s. !ost. time. et!G
0Need !te%o&y BNot *u""edCG
0Pu"" ,ht you $eed- L!ustome&M *&o!esses $ot !o$siste$t"y e/*editi$% ,ht they
$eed #&om Lsu**"ie&sM+
0Co""e!ti'e"y de#i$e the ts1 u* #&o$t< ,ho "edsG
0Item No + Item Des!+ A!tio$ b y Pu""ed b y Re'ised Dt e Dte Com*"ete d Need
This P"$ Pe&iodG
0I ,ou"d "i1e to see ho, e!h *"ye& ide$ti#ies $d t&!1s thei& ,o&1 $d
ho, they use the *"$$i$% system+ A&e *"ye&s b"e to m1e %ood
!ommitme$ts< b"$!e "od $d !*!ityG000O$e ,e1$ess **e&s to be "!1
o# !ommo$ u$de&st$di$% o# !tio$ items t !"ose o# meeti$%s+
0Ty*e s ,e %o $d emi" i$st$t #o& &e'ie, o# ,o&di$%+
0Desi%$ ,o&1 !$ &e'e" mo&e de#i$itio$ o# desi%$ !ti'ity+ E+%+. h$di!*
*&1i$%- de'e"o*ed "yout be#o&e #u""y u$de&st$di$% the desi%$ !&ite&i+
I$'esti%tio$ &e'e"ed tht !h$%e to !o$#o&m to !tu" !&ite&i my &e=ui&e mo&e
#i"" mte&i"+
0Dis!ussio$- Ci'i" hs hd hi%h PPC+ Be!use o# e/te&$" ded"i$esG Is the&e $
issue o# !ommitme$tG O$ the !o$t&&y 'ie,. I su%%est ,e #i$d out-
0A&e those !!e*ti$% !tio$ items **"yi$% =u"ity !&ite&iG
0A&e *"ye&s b"e to !!u&te"y mt!h "od $d !*!ityG
0A&e *"ye&s b"e to !!u&te"y *&edi!t Lde"i'e&iesMG Do they e/*edite
de"i'e&iesG
0A&e *"ye&s b"e to se=ue$!e !ti'ities to best meet *&o8e!t ob8e!ti'esG
0A$"ysis o# &eso$s- EAJ>(7 5?>@9OD) 5*&e&e=uisites9X(D5i$su##i!ie$t time9
X(75!o$#"i!ti$% dem$ds9+ Re%&di$% *&e&e=uisites. ,eM&e **&e$t"y $ot 'e&y
%ood t *&edi!ti$% o& !usi$% de"i'e&y o# $eeded i$*uts+ Re%&di$% i$su##i!ie$t
time. ,e **&e$t"y &e $ot 'e&y %ood t estimti$% the time $eeded to
!!om*"ish s*e!i#i! ts1s+ Re%&di$% !o$#"i!ti$% dem$ds. my $eed
!"&i#i!tio$+ Does this me$ u$e/*e!ted dem$ds o& #i"u&e to !!u&te"y
=u$ti#y mu"ti*"e dem$dsG I# the #o&me&. the&eMs *&ob"em ,ith ide$ti#yi$%
*&io&ities e'e$ ( ,ee1s hed o# time+ I# the "tte&. sme *&ob"em s ,ith
i$su##i!ie$t time+ 5NB- some B*&e&e=uisiteC0bsed #i"u&es &e &i**"e e##e!ts<
#i"u&e o# *&e&e=uisites ,ithi$ sme *"$ *e&iod+9
>+Se=ue$!e- ide$ti#y *&io&ities ( ,ee1s hed0dem$ds o$ time $d
&e"ti'e *&io&ity o# dem$ds+ Do ,e u$de&st$d the desi%$ *&o!essG C$
,e ide$ti#y ,ht $eeds to be do$e i$ ,ht o&de&G Do ,e u$de&st$d
,htMs i$'o"'ed i$ doi$% e!h o# these !ti'itiesG
(+Sou$d$ess- *&edi!t de"i'e&ies< e/*edite de"i'e&ies
6+Si:e- =u$ti#y time $eeded to !!om*"ish ts1s
TELECONFERENCE 10EJEKI
0B"ue"i$eJO$"i$e !omi$% u*+ Fi"" *ost mi$utes the&eo$ this time+
0Added dmi$ist&ti'e ssist$t to s*eed *&odu!tio$ o# mi$utes+
0T&%et st&t dte $o, >(J>JAE. but Feb&u&y is most "i1e"y+
Ci'i"
0CE !o$#used &e *u"" #o& #i&st item+ Thou%ht it ,s$Mt *u""ed. but is %i'e$ t&%et
dte+ I$ $y !se. sti"" "!1s sto&m d&i$ i$#o+
0Eseme$t &e=uested+ Added to #i$" *"t+ I$!"udes e"e!t&i!" y&d+ CE ,i"" !o*y
Fis1 E"e! $d Te/s Uti"ities+ Cu&t s1s i# it %oes th&ou%h "$ds!*i$%0ob'ious"y
the &!hite!t hs $ot bee$ i$'o"'ed0&e=uested !o*y+ Sti"" $eed Te/s Uti"ities
!!e*t$!e o# ou& e"e! y&d "yout+ aH'e %&eeme$t to tie o'e&#"o, d&i$s i$to
!ei"i$% 'e&ti!"s+ M1i$% *&o*os" to !ity+
0Fo& !tio$ item )7 ,e $eed the me!h$i!" e$%i$ee&+ Ci'i" hs to !o$#o&m his
*"$s #o& dditio$" d&i$s+ 5This issue 8ust &e#uses to dieS9
0G&$d P&i&ie s!hoo" dist&i!t hs 6).))) CY o# #i"" mte&i" bout D mi"es #&om
ou& site+ S$dy !"y+ Pi o# (> U (7+ Suitb"e #o& !eme$t stbi"i:tio$+ As1i$% #o&
*&o*os"s+ Est+ !ost o# h$d"i$% c7JCY+ Est+ !ost o# mte&i" c>G Ou& bud%et is
c7 tot" #o& se"e!t mte&i"+ This is $ot se"e!t mte&i"+ Fou"d be c> o'e& bud%et+
My be b"e to mi/ ,ith !he*e& mte&i" #&om othe& sou&!es+ Not &edy to se"e!t
*'eme$t desi%$+PNB- Estimtes be!ome !o$t&o"s< e+%+. c7JCY #o& se"e!t
mte&i"+Q
05>>9 Ge$e&" E"e!t&i! Se&'i!e s!o*e o# ,o&1T$eed Fis1 E"e!t&i!+
077 #oot "i%ht *o"e is %&eed+
05D9 Re'ised h$di!**ed *&1i$% *"$ $d *osted AJ(7+
PIs $ issue sho,i$% i$te&de*e$de$!e o# !tio$ itemsGQ
0Issues-
0Li#e S#ety *1%+- ELS hs issued d&#t $d is !o""e!ti$% !omme$ts+
As1ed to &e!ei'e by A
th
+ Li#e S#ety !o$su"t$t b!1 $e/t ,ee1+ T&%et
issue dte is the >H
th
+
0Timme" to s1 TU ,ht they *&o*ose to %i'e us+
0Lo$e St& bo&&o, mte&i" $ot yet *u""ed+
0Lo$e St& eseme$tTH"## hs se$t $ote &e=uesti$%+
0No $e, issues #&om &e'ie, o# site '"ue st&em+
0Sttusi$% site '"ue st&em
0E&osio$ !o$t&o" *"$ #i"edG Yes+
0Fi$" *"t !om*"eteG Yes+ Se$t to 2mi$s1yMs tto&$ey #o&
&e'ie,+
0G&di$% *e&mit+ Not **"ied. but shou"d be utomti! ,he$
$eeded+
0Do,$ to !"osi$% o$ "$d $d #i"i$% #o& *e&mits+
0L$d t&de ,ith Dist&i!t0$eed to h**e$ >)J>D+
0D Fee1 Mo'i$% A'e&%e PPCOH>@+ Ho, to im*&o'eG
P&o*osed to $"y:e i$ de*th sm*"e o# #i"u&es #&om e!h tem.
se"e!ti$% o$"y #&om to* 6 &eso$s+ Cou"d tem &e*&ese$tti'e *e&#o&m 7
Fhys o$ 6 #i"u&es o# e!h o# the 6 ty*es $d &e*o&t to B""&dG
0Seti$% !o$#i%u&tio$- !u&'e s!hem GO *e$di$% !ost estimte by B&u!e Pe&&y+
B&u!e- No di##e&e$!e i$ !ost #o& stud #&mi$% 5Me&&i!1 B&othe&s9 bet,ee$
se%me$ted $d !u&'ed+ Estimte- c>)1 #o& "yout+ NB- B&u!e !&e#u" to stte his
ssum*tio$s &e the desi%$+JNeed &etu&$ i& o*e$i$%sTto be ,o&1ed out+ Bette&
to #o&m i$ !o$!&ete o& stee"GJELS ,i"" deti" e!h ty*e o# &ise& mou$t hei%htsT6
ty*es+JA!ousti!" issuesG ELS thi$1s $ot. but ,i"" !he!1 ,ith
!o$su"t$t+JDe!isio$- Ch$%e *"t#o&m desi%$+ A%&ee ,i"" !ost Zc())2+ 7 ,ee1s
to *&i!e i$ deti"+ Need to ,o&1 out #&mi$% &e=ui&eme$ts+ Me&&i!1 sys E #eet+
HF sys () #eet+ Sme ty*e #&mi$%G PFt!h this o$e+ Ho, ,e"" did ,e ide$ti#y
the &i**"e e##e!t o# this desi%$ !h$%eGQ
St&u!tu&"-
0Rise& issue- hei%ht o# &ise&. mte&i". tt!hme$t method< Me&&i!1. Hy$es0
Fh"ey. I&,i$. ELS+
06D mode" o$ ho"d #o& &e'isio$s to seti$% *"t#o&m+ Need to !om*"ete be#o&e
#i$" estimte+
0NB- Robe&t is !"e&"y *u""i$% du&tio$ estimtes #&om his $ethe& &e%io$+ O#te$
&e=uests #o& i$#o+ h'e the #"'o& o# dem$ds #o& !ommitme$tTo& 8ust *"i$
,ish#u" thi$1i$%+Q
0P&e#b sti&s+ C$ use #o& #i&e sti&s but "obby sti&s must be deti"ed
by st&u!tu&" e$%i$ee&+
0St&u!tu&" $d #ou$dtio$ *e&mit dte ,i"" be *ushed b!1 by ( ,ee1s to >>J(D+
PNeed to do mo&e *&o!ess m**i$%S H&de& to do t dist$!e+Q
0U*dte #&om Hy$es0Fh"ey. St&+ E$%- Good meeti$% ,ith ELS "st ,ee1+
Fi$"i:i$% #"y to,e&+ Need i$*ut #&om 4##e &e !o$!&ete *ds #o& me!h$i!" e=*t+
o$ "o, &oo#+ O##"i$e dis!ussio$s to be he"d o$ i$te&io& ,"" desi%$+ Ste'e o# CC
,$ts Pete&so$ to i$st"" t"" house ,""0dis!uss ,ith HF+ Pete&so$ to i$st"" ""
*u&"i$s+
0PNB- The t&ditio$" method seems to be #o& e!h dis!i*"i$e to *ush #o&,&d
i$de*e$de$t"y. the$ d8ust s s i$*uts &e !=ui&ed #&om othe&s+ To ,ht e/te$t
do they *&o!eed o$ ssum*tio$s o& *u""J,it #o& ,ht they $eedGQ
S1i$-
0NB- 4oe" s1s e!h temJ*e&so$ i# they $eed $ythi$% they do$Mt h'e+
0Met" sm*"es $d *&i!e &e i$ h$d+ P&i!e $ot $ issue+
0F"" mo!1u* *1%+ #&om ELS- e!h !+ >)M/()M hi%h< to sho, 6 !o$ditio$s< e+%+.
'e&ti!" *$e"s $d so##its+ Lo!te o##site o$ d8!e$t *&o*e&ty02mi$s1yMs+ A"so
**"ies to !o$st&u!tio$ t&i"e&sG C$ de#e& %&di$% u$ti" "st mi$uteG Cost- ELS to
*&o'ide sim*"i#ied d&,i$%s+ PFhy $ot do !om*ute& mode"GQ
0Need some !o$!&ete u$de& &oo#to* u$its o$ "o, &oo#s. but $o mso$&y ,""+ Not
su&e &e $o+ o# "ye&s o# %y*+ bo&d i$ stud ,""+ O$"y *ossib"e e/!e*tio$ is u$it
se&'i$% d&essi$% &oom+ PFhy hs this bee$ so h&dJt1e$ so "o$% to &eso"'eGQ
0ELS to %i'e CC the !h$%e *oi$t #&om W to Y t b!1 o# house+
0Mte&i" #o& "o, !$o*y &oo# ,i"" be 'isib"e #&om "obby+ Need di##e&e$t mte&i"G
MEPF-
0Ho, m$y items o# 1it!he$ e=*t+ do ,e $o, h'eG No+ o# su**"y $d e/hust
#$s h'e i$!&esed #&om H to (D+ FhyG Amy !ou"d$Mt sy+ To h$d"e o##"i$e+
0Im*!t o# smo1i$% &e o$ e/hust+
0ED)) #eet o# ( i$!h s"ots i$ set #&mi$%+
0Bi%%est issue to &eso"'e is !o$!essio$s+
0A!ousti! shie"di$% o# me!h$i!" u$its- ,he$ de" ,ith du!t $oiseG Fhe$
,i"" du!t "yout be do$eG >)J>(- mi$ du!t &u$s "id out $d si:ed+
PCo""e!ti$% sttus i$#o+. !"&i#yi$% !u&&e$t stte o# desi%$- BA&e the&e $y
me!h$i!" u$its o$ the othe& side o# the bui"di$%GCQ
0NB- NC(7 $ot m/imum i$ "obbies $d !he* sets+
0Fi&e *um*- Fht 'i"b"e ,te& *&essu&eG Need *um*G Yes0>(7h*+ Shou"d be
se&'ed o## eme&%e$!y %e$e&to&G Fis1 to e/mi$e+
0Lo!tio$sJsou&!es o# !b"e. te"e*ho$e. et!G Need to meet ,ith *ho$e !o+
0Ho, m$y *ho$e out"ets ,i"" be &e=ui&edG No+ o# i$!omi$% "i$esG Need to sho,
o$ #"oo& *"$0*ho$e. dt. !"osed !i&!uit TK+ Bi"" Cmb&+
0PCi'i" e$%i$ee& seems to h$d"e "" i$s $d outs #&om *&o*e&ty+Q
0Re=ui&eme$ts #o& !b"e TKG Comes i$to te"e*ho$e dt &oom+ Ste""ite dish
o$ siteG O$ &oo# b!1st%eG
0Be#o&e dditio$ o# "odi$% do!1. #i&st #"oo& *"$s sho,ed %s mete& "o!tio$
,hi!h $o, does$Mt ,o&1+ Fhe&e is %s mete& $o,G Fhe&e to b&i$% %s toG
0U+G+ *"umbi$% t *e&imete&- "o,e& *&io&ity0,o&1 to 7 ,ee1 s!hedu"e+ PThe issue
seems to be ,htMs $eeded i$ o&de& to desi%$ the u$de&%&ou$d *"umbi$%+Q
0Du!t desi%$e& $eeds set &edesi%$ b!1%&ou$ds+ Need to e'"ute but dd (
,ee1s #o& desi%$ !h$%e 5>)J(H9+
0Li%hti$% het "ods !om*"ete+ Eme&%e$!y *o,e& "ods $eed to be u*dted0$o,
(6) h*. but 1it!he$ e=*t $ot sett"ed+ A"so $o&m" "ods+
0Mt% o$ st&u!tu&" issues t ELS "st ,ee1 %ot !hu$1s o# ,o&1 do$e+ P!o"o!tio$
issueSQ
0P,t!h #o& i$te&de*e$de$!iesJ%$&"y issues- 1it!he$. seti$%. !ousti!sQ
P&i!i$%-
0Cost o# *&o8e!t hs !"e&"y &ise$. but $eed de#i$iti'e estimte+ Be!omi$% the hot
item+
0Estimti$% is bsed o$ d&,i$% t1eo##s+ F$t &e*&odu!ib"es+
0E"e!t&o$i! t&$s#e& hs$Mt ,o&1ed+ Do$Mt t&$smit e&&o& #&ee+
TELECONFERENCE 1:E1HEKI
0Cu&&e$t !te%o&i:tio$ o# &eso$s does $ot &e'e" !tio$b"e !uses+
0Hs *&i!i$% di'e&ted tte$tio$ #&om s!hedu"i$%G
0Fhy is the estimte so im*o&t$tG Amou$t o# c $eeded< #i$$!i$%+ Fi/ GMPs #o&
e!h *"ye&+
0Do$Mt ",ys u$de&st$d the de!isio$ !hi$< e+%+. !o"o& se"e!tio$s ,ou"d seem to
be $eeded "te. but my be $eeded e&"ie& to mt!h e/te&io& $d i$te&io& !o"o&s+
0ELS !o$side&i$% bo&d 's sto$e ,"" to "o,e& !ost+ But $ot mu!h su!h mt"+
Fou"d 'io"te CityMs &!hite!tu&" &e'ie,G Co$side&i$% usi$% i$side to &e*"!e
somethi$% e"se+ My be mo&e "bo& th$ sto$e+ NB- Fu$!tio$"ities &e &e'e"ed
by te!h$o"o%y $d !om*o$e$t se"e!tio$s+ E+%+ $eed >) by >) &e #o& s!isso& "i#t
to be used to &e"m* "i%hts i$ hi%h "obby !ei"i$%+ Cou"d h'e !hose$ "i%hts tht
!ou"d be "o,e&ed #o& &e"m*i$%+
0The "o$%e& the *"$ *e&iod. the mo&e di##i!u"t it is to de#e& !ommitme$ts u$ti"
&e!ei*t o# *&e&e=uisites. &the& th$ betti$% o$ the !ome+ The sho&te& the *"$
*e&iod. the "ess "ed time is 'i"b"e #o& *"$$i$% #utu&e *e&iods+
0Missi$% ,te& $d e"e!t&i!ity i$ *&1i$% "ot+
0O'e&#"o, d&i$ issue- $o, ( se*&te systems &e &e=ui&ed 5issue tht ,o$Mt
dieS9+
0NB- "o!" di##e&e$!esTCHPA did$Mt 1$o, %s mete& si:e be#o&eh$d+
0s!hedu"ed $e, item- be%i$ #i&e *&ote!tio$ d&,i$%s by >J>7+ H0E ,ee1 desi%$
*e&iod+ Need #o& *e&mit+ Fo!us o$ dist&ibutio$ system &the& th$ s*&i$1"e&s+
Ballard /-1 Last Planner
APPENDIL C: NELT STAGE ACTION ITEMS LOG
The #o""o,i$% "o% ,s the *&im&y !oo&di$ti$% de'i!e used o$ the Ne/t St%e *&o8e!t+
E!h te"e!o$#e&e$!e ,s %i'e$ se=ue$!e $umbe&. be%i$$i$% ,ith AA)?+)>+AE.
i$di!ti$% the desi%$ tem 5AA i$di!ted SiteJCi'i". BB i$di!ted St&u!tu&". et!+9 dte o#
the te"e!o$#e&e$!e+ A!tio$ items tht ,e&e ide$ti#ied ,ithi$ e!h te"e!o$#e&e$!e ,e&e
%i'e$ se=ue$!e $umbe& su!h s AA)?+)>+AE+)>+ Assi%$me$t o# !tio$ items ,s mde
to the '&ious !om*$ies *&ti!i*ti$% o$ the *&o8e!t by use o# thei& i$iti"s. e+%+. ELS
stood #o& the &!hite!tu&" #i&m+ The dte &e=ui&ed ,s s*e!i#ied+ I# $ !tio$ item #i"ed
to be !om*"eted by the &e=ui&ed dte. &eso$ $umbe& ,s 5usu""y9 i$di!ted i$ the
!o"um$ "be"ed RNC. $d $e, &e=ui&ed dte "isted i$ the !o"um$ Dte Re=ui&ed+ O$!e
!om*"eted. dte !om*"eted ,s *&o'ided $d the &o,s de'oted to the !tio$ item ,e&e
d&1e$ed+
>+ L!1 o# de!isio$
(+ L!1 o# *&e&e=uisites
6+ L!1 o# &esou&!es
D+ P&io&ity !h$%e
7+ I$su##i!ie$t time
H+ Lte st&t
?+ Co$#"i!ti$% dem$ds
E+ A!ts o# God o& the De'i"
A+ P&o8e!t !h$%es
>)+ Othe&
A!tio$ items &e %&ou*ed by desi%$ tem. se=ue$!ed i$ the o&de& SiteJCi'i" 5AA9.
St&u!tu&" 5AB9. E$!"osu&eJA&!hite!tu&" 5AC9. Me!h$i!"JE"e!t&i!"JP"umbi$%JFi&e
P&ote!tio$ 5AD9. Thet&i!"JI$te&io&s 5AE9. $d P&o8e!t Su**o&t 5AF9+
Ballard /-2 Last Planner
Lineck Ne/t St%e De'e"o*me$t
T,e TeD!( S,o%p"!ce
,ction
Etems
Lo"
As o# De!embe& (. >AAE P&o8e!t P&o%&ess Meeti$% Re'ised- >(+>D+AE
<ate Jri"inated+
Etem Io%
Etem <escription ,ction
7y
A <ate
I Ae;uired
C
<ate
Completed
,%
*ite!Civil
Te/s A!!essibi"ity St$d&ds-
AA)?+)>+AE+)> V P&o'ide TAS &e=ui&eme$ts to ELS HA )?+)?+AE )?+)?+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)( V Ide$ti#y *&e"imi$&y $d #i$" TAS &e'ie,
*&o!ess+
ELS )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)6 Reso"'e bui"di$% sto&mJs$it&y site collection CHPAJH
( )?+>)+AE )E+)(+AE
points $d *i*e i$'e&ts< sti"" "!1i$% i$'e&ts+
Coordinate profiles with water line
surroundin" buildin" to be deeded to City%
AA)?+)>+AE+)D De'e"o* site $d *&1i$% "i%hti$% compatible
with Lone *tar Aace Par) #o& site *"$
submissio$ #o& P"$$i$% $d 3o$i$% **&o'"
BControl Aoad S7S)+
AJ
LCC!#*P
TEEJ&9!
,
)?+6>+AE
H )?+>D+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)7 P&o'ide !o"o& &e$de&i$% #o& submissio$ #o&
P"$$i$% $d 3o$i$% &e'ie,J**&o'"< &eso"'e
"$ds!*e issues 5IA)?+)>+AE+)79+
ELS ? )?+>D+AE
)?+(?+AE
)?+(?+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)H T&$smit Site P"$ *!1%e 5( sets9 to LCC+ HA ? )?+>D+AE
)?+>?+AE
)?+>?+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)? Re'ie,JRe'ise '"ue st&em di%&m+ HA )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)E P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m bui"di$% e"e!t&i!" "od #o&
site uti"ity *"$+
TEEJHAJ
FE
? )?+>D+AE
)?+>?+AE
)?+(E+AE
AA)?+)>+AE+)A P&o'ide i$'e&t e"e'tio$ #o& sto&m ,te& *i*e
t "odi$% &e+
AA)?+>7+AE+)> P&o'ide &e!omme$dtio$ #o& A!!essibi"ity
S*e!i"ist to ELS
AA)?+>7+AE+)( Co$t!t *o,e& !om*$y #o& *&o8e!t
i$#o&mtio$+
HA )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
HA )?+>?+AE )?+>7+AE
TEE )?+()+AE )?+()+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)6 H'e t&##i! im*!t $"ysis !om*"eted+ HA )?+()+AE )?+()+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)D Se$d !o*y o# t&##i! *"$s $d t&##i! im*!t
$"ysis to Lo$e St& P&1+
HA )?+()+AE )?+()+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)7 Com*"ete !o$!e*tu" *oi$t %&di$% *"$
&ou$d bui"di$%+
ELS H )?+()+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>>+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)H Reso"'e %&di$% t di%o$" ,"" ,ith
"$ds!*e &!hite!t+
ELS H )?+()+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>>+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)? Obti$ A!!essibi"ity S*e!i"ist "ist #&om Te/s
De*t+ o# Li!e$si$%+
ELS )?+((+AE )?+((+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)E Se"e!t $ A!!essibi"ity S*e!i"ist HAJELS )?+(E+AE )?+(E+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+)A Com*"ete site d&i$%e desi%$ !&ite&i HA ( )?+(D+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+>) Com*"ete o##0site !i'i" desi%$ o# City &e=ui&ed
items o# ,o&1 5IA)?+)>+AE+)D9+ *ubmitted
comments. not re;uired for City Council. but
for Plat ,pproval B,pproved at Plannin" and
Konin" meetin")%
AA)?+>7+AE+>> Com*"ete Rod NDN *"$ to su**o&t eseme$t
$d o*e&ti$% items $e%otitio$s ,ith Lo$e
St& P&1 BAeceived conceptual desi"n
approval 07%2@%GH)+
HA )?+(D+AE
)A+)A+AE
HA ( )?+(D+AE
)E+>(+AE
)A+)A+AE
)E+>(+AE
AA)?+>7+AE+>( Reso"'e $d *&o'ide *&ese$ttio$ mte&i"s to
City P"$$i$% #o& i$te&$" st## &e'ie,+
AA)?+>7+AE+>6 P"$$i$% De*&tme$t i$te&$" st## b&ie#i$%
5IA)?+)>+AE+)(9+
AA)?+>7+AE+>D Co$#i&m !ity mi"i$%sJ*osti$% o$0site $oti!e
$$ou$!i$% :o$i$% &e'isio$ he&i$%
5IA)?+)>+AE+)69+
AA)?+>7+AE+>7 Dete&mi$e mou$t o# *&o8e!t &e=ui&eme$t #o&
bo&&o, mte&i"+
AA)?+>7+AE+>H Meet ,ith Lo$e St& P&1 to dis!uss te&ms $d
!o$ditio$s #o& *u&!hsi$% thei& bo&&o,
mte&i"+
AA)?+(A+AE+)> Reso"'e dte o# City Cou$!i" he&i$%<
!oo&di$te dte ,ith E!o$omi! De'e"o*me$t
ssist$!e *!1%e he&i$%J**&o'"+
AA)?+(A+AE+)( Di"o% ,ith Lo$e St& R!e P&1 m$%e&
&e%&di$% "i%hti$% #i/tu&es+
AA)?+(A+AE+)6 Fi"e o&i%i$" d&,i$%sJ%&*hi!s #o& P"$$i$% U
3o$i$% meeti$% 5IA)?)>+AE+)?9+
AA)?+(A+AE+)D Meet ,ith G&$d P&i&ie bui"di$% o##i!i"s to
dete&mi$e mu"ti*"e *e&mit *!1%es $d
do!ume$t &e=ui&eme$ts 5IF)?+>7.AE+)79+
HA )?+(D+AE )?+(D+AE
NSJHA )?+(?+AE )?+(?+AE
NSJHA )?+(?+AE )?+(?+AE
HA )?+(E+AE )?+(?+AE
NSJLCC )?+(E+AE )?+(?+AE
NS )?+6>+AE )E+>(+AE
TEE )E+)6+AE )E+>(+AE
HA )E+)6+AE )E+>(+AE
ELSJHAJNS )E+)H+AE )E+)H+AE
AA)?+(A+AE+)7 P"$$i$% $d 3o$i$% he&i$%J**&o'"
5IA)?+>7+AE+)>9+
NSJHA )E+>)+AE
)E+(D+AE
)E+(D+AE
AA)?+(A+AE+)H De!isio$ &e%&di$% &es!hedu"i$% )E+>E+AE City
Cou$!i" he&i$%
AA)?+(A+AE+)? Com*"ete ,te& "i$eJeseme$t desi%$ &ou$d
bui"di$%+
AA)?+(A+AE+)E Reso"'e !o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte
5IA)E+(H+AE+)>9+
NSJELSHA )E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
HA )E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
NS Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
AA)?+(A+AE+)A Reso"'e e"e!t&i! *o,e& su**"y o*tio$s.
*e&m$e$t $d tem*o&&y+ (% <ic)man met
A% CoF of #eFas Mtilities BE,0H%2D%GH%02)
TEEJHAJLC
C
Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
AA)?+(A+AE+>) Ad'$!e te&ms $d !o$ditio$s #o& *u&!hsi$%
bo&&o, mte&i" #&om Lo$e St& P&1
5IA)?+)>+AE+)AJIA)?+>7+AE+)H9+ 9valuate
material% Pull is the 5(P% 9st% C0.000 yds
select material%
NSJHA )E+>(+AE
)A+)A+AE
)A+)A+AE
AA)?+(A+AE+>> P&e*&e &e'ised SiteJCi'i" estimte+ HA )E+>(+AE )E+(H+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)> Re'ise $d submit site d&i$%e 5added
collection points9 #o& &e'ised !ommiss&y &oo#
d&i$%e Bin Pricin" <ocuments) $d sanitary
Bnot chan"ed) Aeceived commissary plan%
*torm drain info to , by 0G%$D%GH for
completion by 0G%2?%GH B$0%07%GH)%
CHPAJH
A
( )E+>A+AE
? )A+(6+AE
( >)+)?+AE
>)+(>+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)( U*dte site estimte+ HA )E+(H+AE )E+(H+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)6 Re'ise $d submit site *"$ to &e#"e!t
!ommiss&y. and its impact on site + truc)
entry. loadin" area. trash containers. etc%
HAJELSJCH
PAJNS
)E+>A+AE )E+(H+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)D Desi%$ "i%hti$% o*e&tio$J,i&i$% #o& Rod D
5IA)E++(H+AE+)69+ *)etch within one month by
#99% Ieeds current site plan%
NSJHAJTEE Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)7 T&##i! o*e&tio$" *"$ to be se$t to HA+ NS )E+>D+AE )E+(H+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)H Reso"'e t&##i!J&od desi%$ issues ,ith Lo$e
St& P&1 5IA)?+)>+AE+)>9+
NSJHA )E+>(+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)? Com*"ete &i%ht0o#0,y b$do$me$t
5IA)?+)>+AE+>)9+
NSJHA )E+>E+AE
)A+)>+AE
)E+>(+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)E Com*"ete dist&i!t "$d t&de 5IA)?+)>+AE+>>9+ NSJHA )A+)>+AE )E+>(+AE
AA)E+>(+AE+)A Re'ie, o# do!ume$tsJFi$" P"t #o&
im*&o'eme$t dedi!tio$ to City+
5IA)?+>7+AE+)D9
AA)E+>(+AE+>) Rethi$1 o'e&#"o, d&i$ 's+ s!u**e&s #o& &oo#
d&i$%e+ 5Re"ted item AD)E+>(+AE+)>9
AA)E+>(+AE+>> Reso"'e t&##i! $"ysis outst$di$% items. i+e+
!!ess &oute to $e, !ommiss&y *&io& to
*"$$i$% $d :o$i$% he&i$%+ P&e*&e &e"ted
e/*"$to&y d&,i$%+ <irector of plannin"
confirmed that there was no need to revise L
resubmit+
AA)E+>(+AE+>( P&ese$t &e'ised site *"$ t P"$$i$% U 3o$i$%
he&i$%+
AA)E+(H+AE+)> P&o'ide LCC ,ith #u"" set o# do!ume$ts HA
used to *&e*&e estimte+
NSJHA )E+>(+AE
ELSJCHPA )E+(H+AE )E+(H+AE
HA )E+>D+AE )E+(H+AE
NSJHA )E+>A+AE )E+(H+AE
HA )E+(H+AE
AA)E+(H+AE+)( De!isio$ o$ si%$ si2e and "o!tio$ metes $d
bou$ds to su**o&t eseme$t do!ume$ts+
NSJHAJE
LS
> )E+(H+AE
)A+(6+AE
)A+(6+AE
AA)E+(H+AE+)6 De!isio$ o$ dte #o& City Cou$!i"
meeti$%J**&o'". )A+)(+AE 5IA)?+)>+AE+)E9+
AA)E+(H+AE+)D Co$t!t R+Co/.Te/s Uti"ities bout
!oo&di$ti$% bse CAD #i"e+
AA)E+(H+AE+)7 Co$t!t R+Co/. Te/s Uti"ties bout se&'i!e
*&o'isio$s $d Te/s Uti"ities *&ti!i*tio$+
AA)E+(H+AE+)H Reso"'e *'eme$t thi!1$ess desi%$ *&io& to the
City Cou$!i" he&i$%+
NS )E+(E+AE
HA )E+6>+AE
NS )E+6>+AE
HA )A+)>+AE
AA)E+(H+AE+)? P&e*&e $ e/*"o&tio$ *"$ #o& bo&&o,
mte&i" e'"utio$ $d !om*&iso$+
AA)E+(H+AE+)E Co$t!t TASJB&&ie& F&ee Te/s to i$itite
e&"y &e'ie, $d &eso"'e the #i"i$% $d
**&o'" *&o!ess B7&# completerd early
review with comments% &ilin" can be in 2 or
more pac)a"es)+
AA)E+(H+AE+)A Cost0Be$e#it $"ysis both "i%ht *o"es $d
'&ious s!hemes+
AA)E+(H+AE+>) Se!o$d set o# o'e&#"o, &oo# d&i$s !o$$e!t to
mi$ system+ To be !o$#i&med by G&$d
P&i&ie+
AA)E+(H+AE+>> Te/s Uti"ities !!e*t$!e o# !u&&e$t
!o$#i%u&tio$ o# e"e!t&i!" y&d
5AA)A+)A+AE+>>9+
HA )A+)A+AE
ELS )A+)A+AE
HAJTEE )A+)A+AE
ELSJCHPA )A+)A+AE
FE ( )A+)A+AE
>)+)?+AE
Combi$ed
Be"o,
AA)A+)A+AE+)> TAS A!!essibi"ity S*e!i"ist &e'ie, to be
!om*"ete *&io& to TAS #i"i$% 5IA)?+>7+AE+)(9+
AA)A+)A+AE+)( O&%$i:e TAS submitt" do!ume$ts #o&
i$te&$" $d e/te&$" &e'ie, 5IA)?+>7+AE+)69+
ELS )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
HAJELS )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+)6 De#i$e Li%hti$% #o& site. i$!"udi$% #i/tu&e ty*e
$d !o$#i%u&tio$Js*!i$% to mt!h Lo$e St&
P&1 ,he&e #esib"e 5IA)E+>(+AE+)>9+
HAJELSJNSJ
TEE
)A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+)D Co$#i&m LCC estimte su!h tht uti"i:i$% 77
#oot *o"es 5>69 #o& the *&1i$% "ot "i%hti$%.
e!h ,ith 60>))) ,tt #i/tu&es. t 6)) #eet
o+!+ ,i"" &esu"t i$ $et !ost s'i$%s o# c>7.)))
o'e& D) #oot *o"es 56E9 ,ith >0>))) ,tt
#i/tu&e+
FEJLCC )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+)7 Dete&mi$e the most e##e!ti'e desi%$J!ost
so"utio$ to *&o'ide o'e&#"o, &oo# d&i$%e+
5AD>)+)?+AE+)>9
CHPAJEL
SJ LCC
( )A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE
To MEPF
AA)A+)A+AE+)H Dis!uss the o'e&#"o, &oo# d&i$ situtio$ ,ith
City o# G&$d P&i&ie $d ttem*t to $e%otite
du" system+
AA)A+)A+AE+)? Re'ise o##0site !i'i" desi%$ to de"ete &i%ht tu&$
"$e #&om Be"t"i$e Rod $d dd &i%ht tu&$
"$e o$ Lo$est& P1,y ,he&e it tu&$s o$to
Be"t"i$e Rod. *e& the City;s &e=uest+
AA)A+)A+AE+)E Resu"ts o# testi$% *&o%&m to obti$ %eote!h
i$#o&mtio$ o$ bo&&o, mte&i"+ D&i""i$% to
!omme$!e )A+>)+AE+
NS )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
HA )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
HA )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+)A Bsed u*o$ bo&&o, mte&i" !h&!te&isti!s.
m1e e$%i$eee&i$% dete&mi$tio$ #&om 6
"te&$ti'e *'eme$t desi%$s *&o'ided+ i"h
PE of borrow material re;uires inport of
select fillT choose pavement desi"n based on
select fill specification%
HA (
7
(
)A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
>>+)D+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+>) Obti$ !om*&b"es o$ #i"" mte&i" #o&
$e%otitio$ ,ith LSP+
HA 7 )A+(6+AE
>)+(6+AE
>)+(>+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+>> Mpon #eFas Mtilities final desi"n. and
acceptance of current confi"uration of
electrical yard B,,0H%2D%GH%$$)<&eso"'e the
%e$e&" e"e!t&i! se&'i!eJs!o*e o# ,o&1 ,ith TU
5"oo* se&'i!e ,Jm$u" t&$s#e& s,it!h9+
Aevised yard layout sent to #M% #M approved%
FEJTEE (
(
?
(
)A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>(+)(+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+>( Mpon final desi"n by #eFas Mtitlities.
dete&mi$eJ!oo&di$te "o!tio$ o# eseme$ts+
HA ( )A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+)?+AE
AA)A+)A+AE+>6 Dete&mi$e "o!tio$ o# h$di!* *&1i$%
&e"ti'e to mi$ e$t&$!e doo&s< dete&mi$e i#
side doo&s ,i"" be h$di!* !!essib"e doo&s
#o& eithe& e%&ess o& i$%&ess+
AA)A+)A+AE+>D Com*"ete study $d d8ustme$t o# !i'i" "ist o#
!ost i$!&eses+
AA)A+(6+AE+)> A**&o'" o# ssist$!e *!1%e by G&$d
P&i&ie City Cou$!i"+
AA)A+(6+AE+)( Fo""o,u* o'e&#"o, d&i$ issues ,ith Sh&o$
Che&&y. Bui"di$% O##i!i". City o# G&$d
P&i&ie+ 5AD>)+)?+AE+)>9
AA)A+(6+AE+)6 Co$#i&m de*ths o# 77 #oot "i%ht *o"e bses $d
dded !ost to #i$"i:e de!isio$ to use o'e& 6E
#oot *o"es+
AA)A+(6+AE+)D Re"o!te h$di!* *&1i$% $d &e'ise &e"ted
site %&di$%+
AA>)+)?+AE+)> P&e*&e do!ume$tsJLi#e S#ety Issues #o&
i$iti" TAS &e'ie, submissio$
5IA)?+(A+AE+)(9+
AA>)+)?+AE+)( Fo& !ity &e=uested &i%ht h$d tu&$ "$e #&om
Be"t"i$e Rod to Lo$e St& P&1,y. se$d
s1et!hJmetes U bou$ds to City
Com*t&o""e&JS*o&ts F!i"ities De'e"o*me$t
Co&*+. A+ Cmme&t. to m1e ,&e o# $eed+
AA>)+)?+AE+)6 Re'ie, $d !omme$t o$ d&#t Li#e S#ety
do!ume$t *&io& to i$iti" TAS &e'ie,
submissio$+
AA>)+)?+AE+)D Se$d s1et!h to Te/s Uti"ities #o& $e, "o!tio$
o# o$0site *d moui$ted e=ui*me$t
Bswitch"ear location. pad si2es)+
AA>)+)?+AE+)7 Com*"ete &e'ised #"oo& *"$ b!1%&ou$d u*o$
,hi!h to &e'ise u$de&%&ou$dJu$de&s"b
uti"itiesJst&u!tu&e+
AA>)+(>+AE+)> Fo""o, u* bo&&o, mte&i" 'i"bi"ity $d
!ost #&om G&$d P&i&ie ISD+ Shou"d be "ess
th$ c>JCY 5IA>)+)?+AE+)>9+
ELSJHA )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
HAJNSJLCC )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
NSJHA )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
CHPA >)+)?+AE To MEPF
TEE >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
HA >)+)?+AE )A+(7+AE
ELS >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
HA >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
NS >)+)A+AE >)+(>+AE
TEEJFE >)+>D+AE To MEPF
>)+(>+AE
ELS >)+>H+AE >)+(>+AE
NSJHA >)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)( Com*"ete *'i$% estimte+ HA >)+(6+AE >>+)D+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)6 Reso"'e &e=ui&eme$ts o# 8oi$t use o# si$%"e
uti"ity t&e$!h+ Enfo sent to #99%
FE 7 >>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>(+)(+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)D Re=uest #o& Lette& #&om Te/s Uti"ities
memo&i"i:i$% se&'i!e $d thei& %&eed u*o$
&es*o$sibi"ities+
NS ?
?
>>+)D+AE >(+)(+AE
>(+>H+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)7 S1et!h o# t&$s#o&me& e$!"osu&e "ou'e&s to
Te/s Uti"ities+ Io lon"er necessary due to
approval of ,,0G%0G%GH%$$%
ELS ? >>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>(+)(+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)H De!ide "o!tio$ o# Gs Mete&+ Location
decided by CP, planT not yet approved by
#M
HAJTEEJ
ELS
7 >>+)D+AE
>(+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
AA>)+(>+AE+)? Closin" occurred $$%02%GH< Fi$" P"t utility
si"natures to be obtained $d &e!o&ded+ alf
completed%
HA (
7
>>+)D+AE >(+)(+AE
>(+>H+AE
AA>>+)D+AE+)> Com*"ete City "$d t&de< !om*"ete "$d
t&$s#e& ,ith City Com*t&o""e&JS*o&ts
F!i"ities De'e"o*me$t Co&* 5IA>)+(>+AE+)(9+
AA>>+)D+AE+)> Ne%otite ,ith 2mi$s1y.LSRP 5$d. "te&.
GPISD9. to *u&!hse !ommo$ #i"" bo&&o,
mte&i". 6).))) !uyd t c)+?7J!uyd i$ *"!e
5IA)A+)A+AE+)>9< "oo1 #o& s$d i$ 2mi$s1y
mte&i"+
NSJHA >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
NSJHA ? >(+)(+AE >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)> Te/s Uti"ities **&o'" o# %s mete& "o!tio$+ HA >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)( Re'ise site s$it&y $d sto&m !o$$e!tio$
*oi$ts to !!omodte !h$%es i$ the
me!h$i!"J*"umbi$% *"$ 5c>).))) est+dded
!ost9< "te&$ti'e"y. &u$ "i$es i$te&$" to the
bui"di$%+
HAJCHPA >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)6 Reso"'e *&o*osed *&o%&m !h$%es to dd
s*e!i" e'e$ts *o,e& $d ,te& to *&1i$% "ot+
NSJELSJCH
PAJHA
>(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)D De!ide e&"y !o$st&u!tio$ *&o%&m+ NSJELSJHA >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)7 De!ide !o$t&!ti$% #o&mt #o& site,o&1 5Ge$
Co$d. Su**"m$t". Co$ditio$s o# Co$t&!t9
5IA>>+)D+AE+)>9+
AA>(+)(+AE+)H Se$d !o*y o# E$%i$ee&i$% 4oi$t Cou$!i"
do!ume$ts+
NSJHAJLCC >(+>H+AE
HA >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)? Re'ise %&de !h$%e t side o# !ommis&y+ HA >(+>H+AE
AA>(+)(+AE+)E L$ds!*e $ot yet &e"esed by NS< use HA
bud%et #o& *&i!i$%+
HA >(+>H+AE
7%
*tructural
AB)A+)A+AE+)> Com*"ete 60D mode" ,ith membe& si:es $d
do,$ "od to SPI 5IB)E+(H+AE+)>9+ Com*ete
,ith !o"um$ si:es< !o&&e!t do,$"od e&&o&s++
HF 7 )A+(6+AE
>)+)(+AE
)A+(6+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+)> V P&o'ideJ#/ st&u!tu&" tb"es #o& bem
si:esJs*!i$% to ELS+
HF )?+)(+AE )?+)(+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+)( Reso"'e b"!o$y structural desi"n $d si%ht
"i$es< re;uires seatin" envelope!platform to
be resolved%
ELSJHF > )?+(E+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+)6 Re'ised low &oo# s"o*es &e=ui&ed by HF #o&
st&u!tu&" desi%$+
ELS )?+(E+AE )?+(E+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+)D P&o'ide e"e'to& sh#t dime$sio$s $d ELS )?+)?+AE )?+>6+AE
st&u!tu&" "ods to HF+
AB)?+)>+AE+)7 P&o'ide *&e"imi$&y !hse "o!tio$s $d si:es
to HF+
AB)?+)>+AE+)H Reso"'e &oo# "odi$% #&om hu$% st&u!tu&"
*"t#o&m. s!##o"di$% "i'e "od. $d !ousti!"
*$e"s+
ELSJCHP
A
ELSJHFJ
4HSA
? )?+)?+AE
)E+>(+AE
? )?+)?+AE
07%2H%GH
)E+>(+AE
)?+(E+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+)? Reso"'e seti$% *"t#o&m desi%$. e"e'tio$s.
$d st&u!tu&" "od< "eometry. si"ht lines
refinement based upon revised seat%
AB)?+)>+AE+)E P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m location $d st&u!tu&" "ods
Bconfirm) o# e"e!t&i!" e=ui*me$t to HF
B"reater than C00 lbs)%
AB)?+)>+AE+)A P&o'ide "o!tio$ $d st&u!tu&" "ods #o&
thet&i!" &i%%i$% system to HF+ ,lso. point
loads for proscenium reduction system%
5eometry of loadin" is critical% *et for ?+<
model%
ELSJHF ( )?+)?+AE
)E+)7+AE
TEE ? )?+>D+AE
)E+>(+AE
TSJ,, )?+>D+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+>) P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m "o!tio$ $d st&u!tu&" "ods
o# s*e1e&sJudio e=ui*me$t to HF+
AB)?+)>+AE+>> P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m "o!tio$. e"e!t&i!" "od. $d
st&u!tu&" "ods o# "i%hti$% pro6ectors at
b"!o$y to HFJTEE+
AB)?+)>+AE+>( P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m "o!tio$ $d st&u!tu&" "ods
o# udie$!eJhouse $d *&os!e$ium &edu!tio$
systems to HF+
AB)?+)>+AE+>6 Co$#i&m &e!ei*t o# CHPA d&,i$%s i$di!ti$%
du!t $d *i*e "o!tio$s $d "ods. i$!"udi$%
*&os!e$ium de"u%e system+
4HSA )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
AA )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
AA )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
HF )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
AB)?+)>+AE+>D P&o'ide fi$" &esu"ts o# ,i$d tu$$e" test+ ELSJHF 7 )?+>D+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AB)?+>7+AE+)> Reso"'e "te&$ti'e b"!o$y bem si:es $d
s*!i$% o*tio$s< i$te%&te ,ith the 6D mode"+
HFJELS 7 )?+(D+AE )?+(A+AE
AB)?+>7+AE+)( Reso"'e desi%$ ,i$d #o&!esJ*&essu&es o$ the
bui"di$%+
AB)?+>7+AE+)6 P&e*&e A) dy st&u!tu&" stee" !ommitme$t
$d e/*e$ditu&e s!hedu"e. i$!"ude o*tio$s #o&
mi""&u$ stee" $d ,&ehouse stee"+
AB)?+(A+AE+)> Reso"'e !o$!essio$i&e &e*&o%&mmi$% e##e!t
o$ b!1 o# house "o, &oo#+ 9L* pac)a"e
recUd last wee). based on *cheme U,U%
HF 7 )?+(D+AE
)E+>(+AE
HSC 6 )?+(E+AE
)E+(H+AE
NSJELSJKS )E+)7+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
AB)?+(A+AE+)( Dete&mi$e e##e!t o# de"yi$% 6D mode" to
)A+>H+AE o$ *&o8e!t s!hedu"e. i%e%
fabrication!detailin"%
HFJHSCJLC
C
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
AB)?+(A+AE+)6 De!isio$ &e=ui&ed to mi$ti$ !o$st&u!tio$
st&t dte $d **&o'e st&u!tu&" stee" o&de&
#o& mi"" &u$ stee" $d #b sho* !ommitme$t
,ithout 6D Mode"5IB)?+>7+AE+)(9+
NS )E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
AB)?+(A+AE+)D Com*"ete $e, b!1%&ou$d d&,i$%s #o& b!1
o# house+
ELS )E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
AB)?+(A+AE+)7 P&o'ide "" i$*ut to HF #o& st&u!tu&" deti" o# ELS )E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
*"t#o&m "e'e"s+
AB)E+>(+AE+)> Re'ie, s!hedu"e o# #ou& ,ee1s #o& stee"
#b&i!tio$+ 5IB)?+>7+AE+)69
5AD)E+>(+AE+)79
ELS ASAP )E+>(+AE
AB)E+>(+AE+)( O##"i$e !o$#e&e$!e &e%&di$% uti"i:i$% ;Tot"
Sttio$; to do !om*ute&i:ed #ie"d "yout+
NSJLCCJEL
SJ HF
)E+(H+AE )E+(H+AE
AB)E+(H+AE+)> P&o'ide HF st&u!tu&" "ods #o& bo/ boom
"te&$te "o!tio$s+
AB)E+(H+AE+)( Ke&i#y tht bo/ boom "te&$te "o!tio$s hit
D)))Y su**o&t *oi$ts+
AB)E+(H+AE+)6 Co$#i&m ssum*tio$s #o& *&os!e$ium "ods+
Provide slidin" panel information% (a6or
loads resolved and will be faFed%
4HSAJAA
JELS
4HSAJAA
JELSJ
HF
AAJELSJ
HF
( )A+)>+AE
)A+(6+AE
( )A+)>+AE
)A+(6+AE
( )A+)D+AE
)A+(6+AE
)A+(6+AE
)A+(6+AE
)A+(6+AE
AB)E+(H+AE+)D P&o'ide *&e"imi$&y &e'ie, o# 60D mode" to
HSCJSPIJPB #o& &e'ie, o# !o$$e!tio$s $d
he'y stee" membe&s5IB)?+)>+AE+)>9+
AB)E+(H+AE+)7 Re'ie, '"ue st&em bsed o$ mi"" o&de& stee"
to determine order lead time+
HF )A+)D+AE )A+)A+AE
HSCJLCC )A+)D+AE )A+)A+AE
AB)E+(H+AE+)H Coo&di$tio$ meeti$% upon completion of ?<
model to #i$"i:e e##e!t o# st%e $d %&id o$
st&u!tu&e+ BE70H%2D%GH%02)
AB)E+(H+AE+)? De#i$eJrevie, the st&u!tu&" deti"i$% i$
4HSAJAAJE
LSJ
HFJLCC
HFJHSCJSP
Issues Lo% )A+)A+AE
)A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
!oo&di$tio$ meeti$% to de'e"o* the
se=ue$!eJs!hedu"e to se&'e the sho*
d&,i$%J#b&i!tio$ s!hedu"e+
AB)A+)A+AE+)> Com*"ete 60D mode" ,ith membe& si:es $d
do,$ "od to SPI 5IB)E+(H+AE+)>9+ Com*ete
,ith !o"um$ si:es< !o&&e!t do,$"od e&&o&s+
IJ PBJLCC
HF 7 )A+(6+AE
>)+)(+AE
)A+(6+AE
AB)A+)A+AE+)( Meeti$% d HF o$ Mo$dy AJ>DJAE d >-6) HFJHSCJSP )A+>D+AE )A+(6+AE
*+m+ to dete&mi$e deti"i$% i$*ut se=ue$!e
$eeded by HF U SPI to !!ommodte
#b&i!tio$ s!hedu"e sho,$ i$ (> mo$th '"ue
st&em+
IJ LCCJPB
AB)A+)A+AE+)6 Fi$"i:e ,"" desi%$J!ousti!s #o& F+O+H+
me!h$i!" &ooms+ CP, to confirm
,Ms!confi"uration to miti"ate wall
acousticsT also. alternative wall desi"ns%
4HSAJEL
SJ CHPA
( )A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+)?+AE
AB)A+)A+AE+)D Re'ie, HF 6D mode" dt t&$smissio$ #o&
system !om*tibi"ity+
HSJSPI )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
AB)A+(6+AE+)> S!hedu"e ,o&1 sessio$ u*o$ !om*"etio$ o# 6D
mode" ,ith st&u!tu&" $d thet&i!"
!o$su"t$ts to dd&ess issues $d deti"i$% o#
st%e house $d udito&ium &oo#+
Coordination meetin"s set for 0G%2G%GH and
0G%?0%GH% B&ormerly ,70H%2D%GH%0D)
BE70H%2D%GH%02)%
AB)A+(6+AE+)( Re'ie, desi%$Jst&u!tu&" im*"i!tio$s o#
"te&$te i$te&io& ,"" systems &e=ui&i$%
!ousti!" !o$side&tio$+
NSJELSJHF
J
HSCJPBJ4HS
AJ
CHPAJTEEJ
AAJTSCJSP
LJ PA
4HSAJHFJE
LS
)A+6)+AE )A+(6+AE
>)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
AB>)+(>+AE+)? Re'ie, #ou& seti$% mou$ti$% deti"s ,ith ELS >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
I&,i$ Seti$%+
Reso"'e the st&u!tu&" su**o&t $d !ousti!"
&e=ui&eme$ts t Nmeet $d %&eetN &es t ,est
side o# bui"di$%< ',C Mnits moved+
Re'isitJu*dte stee" deti"i$% '"ue st&em
se=ue$!es to de!ide ho, #& to *&o!eed+
Re'ise 60D Mode" to &e#"e!t !u&'ed seti$%
#o&mt 5IB>)+)?+AE+)>9+
Re'ie, *&e#b sti& uti"i:tio$
5IC)E+>(+AE+)(. IB)E+>(+AE+)>9+
S*e!i#i!tio$s ""o, the use o# *&e#b sti&s t
s*e!i#i! "o!tio$s+
Reso"'e *&i!i$% set !oo&di$tio$ issues. i+e+
!o"um$ "o!tio$s. to be b"e to !om*"ete 6D
Mode"+
HFJPB meeti$% o$ >(+)6+AE to &e'ie,
e&e!tio$ se=ue$!e o$ ,hi!h ABM;s &e bsed+
AB>)+(>+AE+)E ELSJHFJ4H >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
SA
AB>)+(>+AE+)A HFJHSJS IJ >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
LCC
AB>>+)D+AE+)> HF >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
AB>(+)(+AE+)> ELS >(+)(+AE >(+)(+AE
AB>(+)(+AE+)( ELSJHF >(+>H+AE
AB>(+)(+AE+)6 HFJPB >(+>H+AE
AB>)+)?+AE+)> De'e"o*Jdeti" stee" *"t#o&m desi%$ #o& !u&'ed ELSJHFJM
>)+)A+AE >)+(>+AE
seti$% #o&mt. i$!"udi$% !u&'ed $d s"otted
&ise&. $d i$st""tio$ o# &ise& mou$ted seti$%
5i$'o"'e I&,i$ Seti$%9+ D&, se!tio$ #o&
e!h ty*i!" &ise& hei%ht+
AB>)+)?+AE+)( Re'ise st&u!tu&e to &e#"e!t de'e"o*me$t o# the
#"y to,e& $d &i%%i$% ,""+ P&o'ide &i%%i$%
,"" se!tio$+
BS
JAAJLCC
HFJELSJ
AA
( >)+)A+AE
>>+)D+AE
>>+)D+AE
AB>)+)?+AE+)6 Coo&di$tio$ meeti$% ,ith CC &e%&di$%
*u&"i$ #&mi$%. ,"" se!tio$s. $d ,i$d %i&ts
5"o!tio$s &e"ti'e to i$te&io& #i$ishes9<
#b&i!tio$ $d i$st""tio$ &es*o$sibi"ity+
P&o'ide *"$ $d ,"" se!tio$+
HFJELS >)+>7+AE >)+(>+AE
AB>)+)?+AE+)D Re'ise #&mi$% to !!ommodte !o$!&ete
u$de& &oo# to* u$its t BOH. top of offices+
HFJELS 7 >)+(>+AE
>>+)(+AE
>>+)D+AE
AB>)+(>+AE+)> Ide$ti#y ""o,b"e de#"e!tio$ #o& *u&"i$s
su**o&ti$% i$te&io& #i$ishes+
AB>)+(>+AE+)( Reso"'e *u&"i$ desi%$ ,ith &e%&d to i$te&io&
#i$ishes+
AB>)+(>+AE+)6 Re'ie, &ise& desi%$ ,ith &e%&d to *"t#o&m
!o$st&u!tio$+
HF >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
HFJELSJCC >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
MBS >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
AB>)+(>+AE+)D Estb"ish o'e&"" %e$e&" desi%$ #o& seti$%
&ise&s+ Aesolve concept desi"n reviewed with
(7*E%
AB>)+(>+AE+)7 Com*"ete seti$% *"t#o&m desi%$ to be b"e to
!om*"ete 6D Mode" do,$"od by $2%$$%GH
5$d ABM by $2%$H%GH 9 5IB)?+>7+AE+)>9+
avens currently doin" hand ta)e+off for
costin"%
HF >
(
ELS (
7
>>+)D+AE >(+)(+AE
>(+>H+AE
>>+)H+AE >(+)(+AE
AB>)+(>+AE+)H Reso"'e &eti$i$% ,"" "o!tio$ ,hi!h hs bee$ ELSJHFJ ? >>+)D+AE >(+)(+AE
i$#"ue$!ed by the seti$% *"t#o&m !u&'e+ PBJ LCC ? >(+>H+AE
P
AB>(+)(+AE+)D Reso"'e *&o*osed !h$%es &e"ti'e to 6D
Mode". i+e+ st%e house+
NSJELSJHF >(+>H+AE
C% 9nclosure!,rchitectural
AC)?+>7+AE+)( Reso"'e i$su"tio$ &e=ui&eme$ts #o& she"" o#
the bui"di$%+ Aefine ener"y calculations for
specific A value for walls and roof
BEC07%0$%GH%0$)% *ound!Power ratin"s of
coolin" towers will drive amount of
insulation or dbl sheet roc)%
ELSJ4HSAJ
CHPA
)?+(E+AE
)E+>E+AE
)E+(H+AE
AC)?+(A+AE+)> P&e*&e "i#e s#ety $&&ti'e out"i$e+ ELS )E+>(+AE )E+)H+AE
AC)E+>(+AE+)> E'"ute sttus o# i$*ut #o& st&u!tu&"
deti"i$%+ 'alue stream%
HF )E+(H+AE )E+(H+AE
AC)E+>(+AE+)( Dete&mi$e ;R; '"ue #o& &oo# !o$side&i$% both
the&m" i$su"tio$ $d $oise+ 5IC)?+>7+AE+)>9
5DC)E+>(+AE+)>9
ELSJ4HSAJ
CHPA
)E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
AC)?+>7+AE+)> Com*"ete "ou'e& se"e!tio$ 5IC)?+)>+AE+)D9+ ELSJCC )?+((+AE )?+(A+AE
AC)?+>7+AE+)6 Reso"'e mte&i" se"e!tio$ t the bui"di$% bse+ ELSJLCC Issues
Lo%
)?+(A+AE
AC)E+>(+AE+)6 Com*"ete &oo# $d ,"" i$*ut !o$!e*t
d&,i$%s+ 5IC)?+)>+AE+)(9 Wal desi"ns
should be complete before roof desi"n be"ins.
and roof drawin"s will ta)e about ten days
after that% *cuppers are not an issue%
ELSJCHPA )E+(7+AE )E+(H+AE
AC)E+(H+AE+)> P&o'ide met" sm*"es o# !o"o& $d #i$ish #o&
se"e!tio$ Bdeletin" Uand eFterior moc) upsU)T
two of three received%
CCJELS 7 )A+)A+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+)?+AE
AC)E+(H+AE+)( C"e&"y ide$ti#y o$ the !o$!e*t d&,i$%s the
"o!tio$ o# e!h !o"o&. $d dete&mi$e =u$tity
o# e!h o# the 'e&ti!". ho&i:o$t" $d smooth
*$e"s so the !ost #o& !ustom !o"o&s #o& e!h
ty*e !$ be ssessed+
AC)A+)A+AE+)> ELS issu$!e o# eFterior %"ss $d sti&
desi%$ *!1%e to CC 5IC)?+)>+AE+)69+
ELSJCC )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
ELS )A+>?+AE )A+(6+AE
AC)A+)A+AE+)( ELS to deti" the desi&ed e/te&io& ,"" mo!10
u* $d *&o*osed "o!tio$ t the site
5IC)E+(H+AE+)>9+
ELS D )A+(6+AE
)A+6)+AE
>)+)?+AE
AC)A+)A+AE+)6 Dete&mi$e met" *$e" !ustom !o"o&s bsed o$
ELS submitted !o"o& !hi*s $d =u$tities #o&
e!h o# the !o"o&s+
AC)A+)A+AE+)D Dete&mi$e met" *$e" !ustom !o"o&s *&emium
!ost bsed o$ e!o$omi! o&de& =u$tities+
AC)A+)A+AE+)7 Dete&mi$e i# &oo# '""ey "i$es to d&i$
"o!tio$s !$ be !!om*"ished ,ith !o$!&ete
&the& th$ bei$% bui"t u* by PC+
AC)A+(6+AE+)> Co$#i&m !o$!&ete ,"" $d &oo# de!1 t b!1
o# house "o, &e+
CCJELS ( >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
ELSJCC ( >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
ELSJHF )A+(6+AE )A+(6+AE
ELS >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
AC>)+)?+AE+)> Re'ise e/te&io& ,"" mo!10u* deti"< *&o*ose ELS >)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
site "o!tio$+
AC>)+)?+AE+)( P&o'ide d&,i$% o# "te&$te '"ue e$%i$ee&ed
BOH met" *$e"s< &edu!ed *&*et hei%ht+
ELS >)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
AC>)+)?+AE+)6 Reso"'e $umbe& o# "ye&s o# %y*sum bo&d s
"te&$ti'e to CMU to !hie'e !!ousti!"
ob8e!ti'e 0 Komito&y. et!+ #o be included in
Pricin" <ocuments%
ELS4HSA ( >)+(>+AE
>>+)H+AE
>>+)D+AE
AC>)+(>+AE+)> P&o'ide e$!"osu&e mo!10u* *&i!i$%+ LCCJCC 7 >>+>6+AE >(+)(+AE
AC>)+(>+AE+)( Coo&di$te i$te&io& #i$ish su**o&t 5i$te&io&
studs $d d&y,""9 ,ith hi%h ,"" met" *$e"
su*o&t %i&ts+
HFJCCJELS >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
AC>)+(>+AE+)6 Ide$ti#y &oo#i$% mte&i" #o& e!h &oo#i$%
se!tio$. es*+ "o, !$o*y &oo# 'isib"e #&om
"obby b"!o$y 0 a""re"ate!paver roofscape<
*&o'ide *&i!i$% and samples+
ELSJLCC ?
JPC H
>>+)D+AE >(+)(+AE
>(+>H+AE
AC>>+)D+AE+)> Reso"'e mo!10u* s!hedu"e- ( mo$ths to
#b&i!te *$e"s< 2 months to e&e!t mo!10u*.
m1e !h$%es. $d m1e de!isio$ 56 mo$ths to
#b&i!te bui"di$% *$e"s< >() to >7) dy
bui"di$% !&iti!" *th9+
ELSJLCC
JCCJ NS
> >(+)(+AE >(+>H+AE
AC>>+)D+AE+)( Reso"'e doo& !ousti!" &ti$%s+ Will not have
ratin"s%
AC>(+)(+AE+)> Dete&mi$e i# mo!10u*5s9 o# e/te&io& ,"" ,i""
be &e=ui&ed< to be *&i!e bsed+ Jrderin".
fabricatin". erectin". and ma)in" decisions
based upon the moc)+up are critical path
tas)s BEC0G%0G%GH%0$)%
ELSJ4HSA >(+)(+AE >(+)(+AE
NS >(+)?+AE
<% (echanical!9lectrical!Plumbin"!&ire
Protection
AD)?+)>+AE+)> Post D&,i$%s o$ FTP site+ CHPA 6 )?+)H+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)( P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m udio system *o,e&
&e=ui&eme$ts to TEE+
AD)?+)>+AE+)6 P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m udio system !oo"i$%
&e=ui&eme$ts to CHPA+
AD)?+)>+AE+)D P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m eme&%e$!y *o,e& items to
TEEJCHPA+
4HSA )?+)?+AE )?+)?+AE
4HSA )?+)?+AE )?+)?+AE
ELS )?+)E+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)7 P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m $o&m" $d eme&%e$!y "ods
to TEE+
CHPA ? )?+)E+AE
)?+6)+AE
)?+6)+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)H P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m &!hite!tu&"Jthet&i!"
"i%hti$% $d 'ideo *o,e& "ods to TEEJCHPA+
AA )?+)E+AE )?+)E+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)? Reso"'e "o!tio$ o# mi$ e"e!t&i!" &oom 5>H(9
$d e"e!t&o$i!s sto&%e $d sho* 5>7E9 to
#!i"itte *i*i$% #&om !oo"i$% to,e&+ LCC to
*&o'ide *&i!i$% i$*ut+ Not **"i!b"e due to
!ommiss&y desi%$ !h$%e+
ELSJTEEJ
CHPAJLC
C
7 )?+)E+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)E P&o'ide *i*eJdu!t ,ei%hts to HF CHPA )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+)A P&o'ide !o$!essio$J#ood se&'i!e e"e!t&i!"
"ods to TEEJCP,+ Aevise food service
loads due to pro"ram chan"e% Iote:
Concession charts were received and show
e;uipment loads and revised floor plan raise
the cost from the current estimate%
NSJELS )?+)E+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>) P&o'ide CATK $d Dt i$#o&mtio$ to TEE+ NSJ4HSAJA
A
Issues
Lo%
)?+(A+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>> P&o'ide e"e'to& e"e!t&i!" "odsJdt to TEE+ ELSJLCC )?+)E+AE )?+)E+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>( P&o'ide "i#e s#ety =and eFit si"n loads> 5Ro"#
4e$se$ Asso!+9 to TEE+
ELS )?+)E+AE )?+(A+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>6 P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m "o!tio$ o# &!e,y "ods to
HFJTEEJCHPA+
AAJ4HSA 7 )?+>D+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>D P&o'ide t&$s#o&me& si:es to TEE+ AAJ4HSA )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>7 P&o'ideJ!o$#i&m %e$e&" "i%hti$% "ods to
CHPA+
TEE )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>H P&o'ide eme&%e$!y *o,e& moto& si:es to TEE+ CHPA )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>? P&o'ide #i&e *um* i$#o&mtio$ to TEE+ FSFP )?+>D+AE )?+>D+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>E P&o'ide !o$!essio$J#ood se&'i!e "yout
i$#o&mtio$ 5Ko"ume Se&'i!es9+ Bi% *i!tu&e
mt&i/- 6))) SF
NSJELS ( )?+>D+AE
)?+6>+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+)>+AE+>A Ai& :o$es **&o'"< bloc) out areas served by
,MUs for review 5:o$es o# o*e&tio$< :o$es
#o& !o$t&o". ID)?+)>+AE+)(9+
NSJCHPA
J
MMCJEL
S
? )?+>D+AE
)?+6)+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+>7+AE+)> Co$#i&m sub!o$t&!to& *&ti!i*tio$ i$
e'"uti$% o$0"i$e *&o8e!t m$%eme$t
**&o!h+
FE )?+((+AE )?+((+AE
AD)?+>7+AE+)( Reso"'e sheet met" du!t ,o&1 desi%$< *&o'ide
to 4HSA #o& **&o'"+
AD)?+>7+AE+)6 P&o'ide #eedb!1J**&o'" o# sheet met"
du!t,o&1 desi%$ to ELS 5ID)?+)>+AE+)>9+
CHPAJLL ? )?+()+AE
)?+6>+AE
4HSA ( )?+((+AE
)E+)6+AE
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+>7+AE+)D P&o'ide "obby "i%hti$% "ods to ELS+ TEEJAA )?+((+AE )?+((+AE
AD)?+>7+AE+)7 Meet ,ith !b"e'isio$ to e/*"o&e i$#&st&u!tu&e
&e=ui&eme$ts #o& i$0house te"e'isio$ system+
AD)?+>7+AE+)H Li%hti$% o*e&tio$s **&o'"< b"o!1 out &es
se&'ed by "i%hti$% 0 :o$es o# o*e&tio$J!o$t&o"
5IE)?+)>+AE+)(9+
NS Tht&!"JI$t )?+(A+AE
TEEJAA )?+(E+AE )?+(E+AE
AD)?+>7+AE+)? Coo&di$te "o!tio$ o# *&os!e$ium de"u%e
system ,ith othe& systems+
FSFPJH
FJ
CHPAJA
A
H )?+(E+AE
)E+)7+AE
)E+>(+AE
AD)?+(A+AE+)> Fo""o, u* *&os!e$ium de"u%e system meeti$% 0 FSFPJH ( Issues Lo% )E+>(+AE
o*e&tio$. *i*e si:e. !u&ti$ *hysi!" m1e0u*+
5ID)E+>(+AE+)D9
AD)?+(A+AE+)( Fo""o, u* !ousti!s meeti$% #te& 4HSA
&e'ie,s sheetmet" desi%$+ 5ID)E+>(+AE+)(9
FJ
CHPAJA
AJ
LCCJELS
4HSAJEL
SJ
CHPAJLC
( Issues Lo% )E+>(+AE
AD)?+(A+AE+)6 Reso"'e s#ety &e=ui&eme$ts #o& *&os!e$ium
de"u%e system ,ith Ro"# 4e$se$+
5ID)E+>(+AE+)69
AD)?+(A+AE+)D Reso"'e su**"y du!t &outi$% #&om house to
me!h$i!" !hseJAHU+ Re,o&ded s- House
du!t &oute $d out"et "o!tio$s mo'e to #o""o,
$e, &!hite!tu&" "yout+ 5ID)E+>(+AE+)D9
C
FSFPJC
HPAJ
AAJLCC
CHPAJ4H
SAJ
ELSJLCC
AD)?+(A+AE+)7 Reso"'e dditio$" MEPF &e=ui&eme$ts #o&
ddi$% !ommiss&y 1it!he$+
AD)?+(A+AE+)H Reso"'e dditio$" &e=ui&eme$ts #o&
dditio$J&e'isio$ to suite "e'e" toi"et &ooms+
,dd to floor plan%
CHPAJTEE
FSFPJFEJL
CC
CHPAJTEE
ELSJLCC
)E+)7+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+)7+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+(H+AE
AD)?+(A+AE+)? Coo&di$te !ei"i$% !ousti!" *$e"s $d house CHPAJ4HSA Issues Lo% )E+>(+AE
i& out"ets+ No, !ombi$es ,ith
AD)?+(A+AE+)D bo'e. be!omi$%
ID)E+>(+AE+)D+
AD)?+(A+AE+)E Add !ousti!s '"ue st&em i$to *&o8e!t '"ue
st&em+ 5ID)E+>(+AE+)79
J ELSJLCC
4HSAJLCC Issues Lo% )E+>(+AE
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>)+>D+AE
>)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
>>+)D+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+)7 Re"o!te E"e!t&i!" &oom to o**osite side o#
AK Room< ide$ti#y si:e o# AK Room< $d.
dist&ibute #o& 'e&i#i!tio$+
ELS >)+>D+AE >)+(>+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+)H P&o'ide &e'ised udito&ium b!1%&ou$ds+ ELS >)+>E+AE >)+(>+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+)? P&o'ide systems *"$s #o& e!h "e'e" i$!"udi$%
,i&i$% de'i!es $d !o$duit "yout+
5IE)A+(6+AE+)(9
AAJ4HSA >)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+)E KideoJJTK b&od!st de!isio$+
5IE)?+>7+AE+)>9
NSJ4HSAJA
A
>)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+)A Reso"'e use o# se&ies o# %&ti$%s i$sted o# N$o
#"" *&ote!tio$+N
AE>)+)?+AE+>) Re'ie, !ombi$tio$ o# 60set si:es by se!tio$
to &&i'e t #i$" seti$% *"$< d8ust is"es
$d 'omito&ies BIow &iFed)+ I&,i$ Seti$% to
meet ,JNS+ Erwin to do seat layout!count%
ELSJAA ( >)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
ELSJAA A >)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
AE>)+)?+AE+>> Obti$ sm*"e o# I&,i$ met" *$ *e&#o&ted
set ,ith !u&'ed "i*+ No di##e&e$ti" e$'e"o*e
5IE>(+)(+AE+)>9+
LCC 7
7
>)+(>+AE
>>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
Issues
Lo%
>(J)(+AE
AE>)+(>+AE+)> Re'ie, si:e o# m*"i#ye&Jdimme& &oom+ ELSJAAJ4HS
A
>>+)D+AE See
Abo'e
AE>)+(>+AE+)( Se$d $e, *it "youtJdime$sio$s to 4HSA $d
AA #o& &e'ie, 5IE)E+(H+AE+)(9+
AE>)+(>+AE+)6 Re'ie,J&e'ise udie$!e &edu!tio$ system
5IE>)+)?+AE+)(9+
ELS >)+(E+AE >>+)D+AE
NSJELSJAA >>+>>+AE >>+)D+AE
AE>)+(>+AE+)D Re'ie, desi%$ *&o%&m ,ith NS i$de*e$de$t
*&odu!e&J &e'ie,e&. Pete& Fe/"e&+ O$%oi$%+
ELSJAAJ4HS
A
>(+)(+AE >(+)(+AE
AE>)+(>+AE+)7 Re'ie, *&o*osed 6 &e!o$#i%u&tio$s $d si:es
#o& !o$t&o" boothJ FOH mi/i$% *ositio$
$e!essitted by &di" seti$% !h$%e+ Reso"'e
!o$st&i$ts
AAJ4HSA ( >>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>(+)(+AE
AE>>+)D+AE+)> Re'isit dis!ussio$ &e%&di$% hei%ht o# %&id
bo'e *&os!e$ium+ P&os!e$ium- Ro!1 7) FT.
B&od,y 6( FT Mi$+ 5IE>)+)?+AE+)69+
AE>(+)(+AE+)> Se$d !o*y o# P&odu!tio$ A&ts Li%hti$% GMP
*&o*os" to NSJELS+
AE>(+)(+AE+)( Rise St%e House t&im hei%ht #&om E) Ft to
E>Ft06I$ by "i%hte$i$% st%e house stee" $d
d8usti$ &oo# *it!h+ Re=ui&es dddi$% b!1
&i%%i$% *it- HFt by H)Ft o# bseme$t s*!e.
*e& e&"ie& d&,i$% issue+
AE>(+)(+AE+)6 Se$d *i!tu&e $d dime$sio$s o# ty*i!" sou$d
bo&d to ELS. #o& se"e!tio$ o# **&o*&ite
si:ed sisso& "i#t+
AE>(+)(+AE+)D De'e"o* !tu" s*e1e& "o!tio$sJ;"oo1; o# the
*&os!e$ium< de'e"o*me$t meeti$% $e/t ,ee1
to %e$e&te des!&ibi$% %&*hi!s+
AE>(+)(+AE+)7 Co"o&s $d mte&i"s #o& "obby $d house
bei%$ *u""ed by "o%oJ !o"o& de'e"o*me$t<
!o"o&s $d mte&i"s *&ese$ttio$ #te& 4$u&y
>st+
NS >>+)D+AE >>+)D+AE
LCC >(+)D+AE
ELSJHF >(+>H+AE
4HSA >(+>H+AE
4HSAJSPL >(+>H+AE
NSJELS )>+>>+AE
&% Pro6ect *upport
AF)?+)>+AE+)> A**&o'" o# udio $d thet&i!" "i%hti$%
!o$!e*ts+
AF)?+)>+AE+)( Issue *&o8e!t i$su&$!e memo&$dum #o&
dis!ussio$+
NS )?+)?+AE )?+)?+AE
LCC )?+)?+AE )?+)?+AE
AF)?+)>+AE+)6 Issue sub!o$t&!to& *&e!o$st&u!tio$
%&eeme$ts #o& dis!ussio$. 5IF)E+(H+AE+)>9%
BCrown Corr a"reement issued)+
LCC Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
AF)?+)>+AE+)D Reso"'e desi%$ %&eeme$t "e%" issues $d
!om*"ete ELS desi%$ %&eeme$t+ 9ffort
continuin"% <ocuments may not be filed for
permits until le"al issues are resolved and
desi"ners can be identified in the drawin"
title bloc) BE&$0%2$%GH%0$)%
NSJELS 7
7
)?+>)+AE
>)+(>+AE
Issues
Lo%
>)+(>+AE
AF)?+)>+AE+)7 A**&o'" o# udie$!eJhouse &edu!tio$ desi%$
so"utio$+
NS Tht&!"JI$t )?+(A+AE
AF)?+)>+AE+)H Ide$ti#y *ote$ti" $tio$" 'e$do& *&t$e&s+
E##o&t !o$ti$ui$% 5IF)E+(H+AE+)(9+
AF)?+)>+AE+)? Ide$ti#y *&o8e!t !om*o$e$ts $ot !u&&e$t"y
&e*&ese$ted by tem+ E##o&t !o$ti$ui$%+
AF)?+)>+AE+)E U*dte $d issue !u&&e$t *&o8e!t bud%et. s
&e'ised+
P&o8e!t Lo%s-
AF)?+)>+AE+)A V De'e"o* !o$siste$t #o&mt #o& *&o8e!t "o%s
#o& &e'ie,+
AF)?+)>+AE+>) V Re#i$e meeti$% !tio$ items. issueJmi$ti$
A!tio$ Items Lo%+
AF)?+)>+AE+>> V De'e"o*. issue $d mi$ti$ Issues Lo%. $d
De!isio$ Lo%+
AF)?+)>+AE+>( De'e"o*. issue $d mi$ti$ P&o8e!t Do!ume$t
Lo%+
LCCJELS Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
LCCJELS Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
LCC )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
LCC )?+)?+AE )?+)A+AE
LCC )?+)?+AE )?+)A+AE
LCC )?+>)+AE )?+)A+AE
ELS )?+>D+AE )?+(A+AE
AF)?+)>+AE+>6 V A**&o'" o# *&o8e!t "o%s $d #o&mt+ NS )?+>D+AE )?+>7+AE
AF)?+>7+AE+)> Ame$d "o% #o&mt to sho, Issue. A!tio$ Item.
De!isio$ t&i"< e!h item to h'e dis!&ete
ide$tity+
AF)?+>7+AE+)( P&obbi"ity o# !o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte 0 Sttus
Re*o&t 5IF)E+(H+AE+)69+
AF)?+>7+AE+)6 Submit %&eeme$t #o& e$%i$ee&i$% and other
consultant se&'i!es 5AF)?+>7+AE+)D9+
AF)?+>7+AE+)D Submit %&eeme$t #o& &!hite!tu&" se&'i!es
$d othe& !o$su"t$t desi%$ %&eeme$ts+
AF)?+>7+AE+)7 Reso"'e %&eeme$t ,ith #ood se&'i!e
!o$!essio$i&e+
LCCJNS )?+(A+AE )?+(A+AE
NS Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
NSJHA Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
ELSJHA )?+(E+AE )?+(A+AE
NS )?+(E+AE )?+(E+AE
AF)?+>7+AE+)H Re'ise estimte s!hedu"e #o& GMP+ NSJLCC )?+(E+AE )?+(E+AE
AF)?+(A+AE+)> P&e*&e t&%et !sh #"o, estimte #o& both
!o$su"t$t desi%$ $d sub!o$t&!to& desi%$
e##o&ts+
NSJELSJLC
C
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
)A+)A+AE
AF)?+(A+AE+)( E/*$d !u&&e$t summ&y *&o8e!t bud%et to
deti"ed estimte 5IF)E+(H+AE+)D9
LCC Issues Lo% )E+(H+AE
AF)?+(A+AE+)6 E"e!t&o$i! !ommu$i!tio$ o# *&o8e!t
i$#o&mtio$+ I$st"" *&o8e!t do!ume$ts o$
!ommu$i!tio$ ,eb site se&'e&
5IF)?+>7+AE+)H9+
NCJELSJ
LCC
? )E+>(+AE
>)+)?+AE
>)+)?+AE
AF)?+(A+AE+)D I$!"ude Food Se&'i!e !o$su"t$t. C&eti'e
I$dust&ies. i$ *&o8e!t *&o%&ess meeti$%s+
NSJLCC )E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
)E+>(+AE
AF)?+(A+AE+)7 Re'ie, $d &e*o&t o$ the sttus o# do!ume$t
*&e*&tio$+
AF)E+>(+AE+)> P&e*&e $otes #&om EJHJAE meeti$% ,ith G&$d
P&i&ie bui"di$% o##i!i"s+
AF)E+>(+AE+)( P&e*&e "ist o# *&o*osed *e&mit *!1%es $d
time"i$e+ B#imeline preparation moved to
Essues Lo" item E&0G%0G%GH%0$%)
ELS )E+>(+AE )E+>(+AE
ELS )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
ELSJLCC )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AF)E+(H+AE+)> Issue C&o,$ Co&& A%&eeme$t+ NSJLCC )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AF)E+(H+AE+)( Issue P!i#i! A%&eeme$t+ NSJLCC )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AF)E+(H+AE+)6 Issue H'e$s A%&eeme$t+ NSJLCC )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AF)E+(H+AE+)D De#i$e #o&mtJdtes #o& ELS !o$su"t$ts ELSJLCC De"eted )A+)A+AE
desi%$ s!o*e o# ,o&1+ Io one reco"ni2ed this
as an action item or was a duplicate%
AF)E+(H+AE+)) Reso"'e desi%$ %&eeme$t "e%" issues ,ith
ELS+
NS )A+)A+AE
)A+(6+AE
To AF )?
+)>+AE+)D
AF)E+(H+AE+)7 P&e*&e !sh #"o, to 4$u&y >AAA by mo$th
#o& ELS $d thei& !o$su"t$ts bsed o$ !u&&e$t
'"ue st&em 5AF>)+(>+AE+)>9+
AF)E+(H+AE+)H P&e*&e !sh #"o, to 4$u&y >AAA by mo$th
#o& LCC $d !o$su"t$ts bsed o$ !u&&e$t
'"ue st&em 5AF>)+(>+AE+)>9+
ELS 7
7
LCC 7
7
)A+)A+AE
>)+(>+AE
)A+)A+AE
>)+(>+AE
Combi$ed
Be"o,
Combi$ed
Be"o,
AF)E+(H+AE+)? P&e*&e !sh #"o, to 4$u&y >AAA by mo$th
#o& NS $d !o$su"t$ts bsed o$ !u&&e$t '"ue
st&em+
NS )A+)A+AE )A+)A+AE
AF)E+(H+AE+)E Issue SPL A%&eeme$t "ette& 5IF>)+(>+AE+)(9+ NSJAAJL 7
CC 7
)A+)A+AE
>)+(>+AE
Issues
Lo%
>)+(>+AE
AF)A+)A+AE+)> Bob Timme" to &e'ie, "ist o# !ost i$!&eses
,ith B&u!e. Pm $d Mi1e o$ F&idy )A+>>+AE
AF)A+)A+AE+)( Bob Timme" to &e'ie, "ist o# !ost i$!&eses
,ith Leo6+
AF)A+(6+AE+)> P&e*&e *e&mit *!1%e time"i$e
5AF)E+>(+AE+)(J IF)A+)A+AE+)>9+
AF)A+(6+AE+)( Co$ti$ui$% im*&o'eme$t i$ the *"$$i$%
*&o!ess- im*&o'i$% bi"ity to m1e =u"ity
ssi%$me$ts $d bi"ity to meet !ommitme$ts
5IF>)+)?+AE+)>9+
AF>)+)?+AE+)> Re'ie, ,ith e!h tem the most e##e!ti'e ,y
to *&o!eed ,ith the de'e"o*me$t o#
!o$st&u!tio$ do!ume$ts and tar"et cash flows
BE&07%$C%GH%0?)+
NSJLCC )A+>>+AE )A+>D+AE
NS )A+>D+AE )A+>D+AE
ELSJLCC >)+)?+AE >)+)?+AE
A"" >)+)?+AE Issues
Lo%
>)+)?+AE
NSJLCC >)+(>+AE >)+(>+AE
AF>)+(>+AE+)> P&e*&e *&o8e!t ,o&1*"$Jt&%et !sh
#"o,s5,Jm$hou&s9- desi%$ !sh #"o,s ssume
>(+(>+AE !o$st&u!tio$ st&t 5AF)E+(H+AE+)7.
AF)E+(H+AE+)H. IF>)+)?+AE+)(9+
ELSJLCC 7 >>+)D+AE
>(+)(+AE
>(+)(+AE
AF>)+(>+AE+)> P&e*&e *&o8e!t ,o&1*"$Jt&%et !sh
#"o,s5,Jm$hou&s9- !o$st&u!tio$ !sh #"o,s
ssume )(+>7+AE !o$st&u!tio$ st&t $d>E+7
mo$th !o$st&u!tio$ s!hedu"e+
LCC ? >(+)(+AE >(+>H+AE
AF>>+)D+AE+)> E&"y !o$st&u!tio$Jothe& ,o&1 to !hie'e
'isu" site im*!t+
AF>>+)D+AE+)( De'e"o* e&"y '"ue st&em #o& &emi$i$%
!&iti!" e&"y *&e!o$st&u!tio$ items o# ,o&1+
NSJELSJ
LCC
LCCJNSJ
ELSJ HA
> >(+)(+AE >(+>H+AE
? >(+)(+AE >(+>H+AE
AF>(+)(+AE+)> B"ue"i$e O$"i$e- &e!omme$dtio$ to $ot
im*"eme$t u$ti" the site is stb"e+
ELS >(+>H+AE
4D2 En/ o+ Act)on Ite$(
APPENDIL D: NELT STAGE ISSUES LOG
Du&i$% Ne/t St%e te"e!o$#e&e$!es. issues &e=ui&i$% !tio$ beyo$d the !omi$% t,o ,ee1
*e&iod ,e&e *"!ed i$ $ issues "o%. #&om ,hi!h they the$ mo'ed o$to the !tio$ items
"o% ,he$ the timi$% ,s **&o*&ite+ Issues ,e&e $umbe&ed i$ the sme ,y s ,e&e
!tio$ items. e/!e*t #o& the IA. IB. et!+ *&e#i/+
Lineck Ne/t St%e De'e"o*me$t
T,e TeD!( S,o%P"!ce
Essues
Lo"
<ate Jri"inated+
Etem Io%
As O# De!embe& )(. >AAE P&o8e!t P&o%&ess Meeti$% Re'ised- >(+>D+AE
Etem <escription ,ction 7y #ar"et
<ate
,%
*ite!Civil
IA)E+(H+AE+)D Re"o!tio$ o# o$0site *d mou$ted e=ui*me$t by
Te/s Uti"ities+
IA)A+)A+AE+)( Le%" A!tio$ #i"ed %i$st NS. by "o!" &dio sttio$.
&e- ,ithi$ (D)) #t. o*e&ti$% si$!e >A7);s. ;so"e
sttio$;. #e& o# ou& met" bui"di$%+
IA>)+(>+AE+)> Se"e!t e"e!t&i!" y&d su&#!e mte&i"< i# *'ed. the$
!o$!&ete+
IA>>+)D+AE+)> Dete&mi$e the most e##e!ti'e ,y to !o$t&!t #o& the
site ,o&1 5AA>(+)(+AE+)79+
HAJTEE
NS
HA
HAJLCC A!tio$
Lo%
>(+)(+AE
7%
*tructural
IB)E+>(+AE+)> Re'ie, uti"i:tio$ o# *&e#b sti&s 5IC)E+>(+AE+)(.
AB>(+)(+AE+)D9+
ELSJLCC A!tio$
Lo%
>(+)(+AE
IB)A+)A+AE+)6 Re'ie, st&u!tu&" !o$$e!tio$s $d he'y stee"
membe&s+ 5AB)E+(H+AE+)D U IB)?+)>+AE+)>9
IB)A+(6+AE+)> Ho"di$% $ 02%$C%GG st&t o# !o$st&u!tio$ &e=ui&es
stee" mi"" o&de& by 0$%$C%GG< deti"i$% to st&t by
02%$C%GG< #b&i!tio$ to st&t 0?%2G%GG. and erection
to start on 0C%$0%GG
IB)A+(6+AE+)( A#te& 6D Mode". Fou$dtio$ $d St&u!tu&" Pe&mit
submisssio$ t&%et 0$%0@%GG #o& 02%0C%GG &e!ei*t
o# *e&mit+
IB>(+)(+AE+)> Mo!10u* !o"o& se"e!tio$ !&iti!"< NS mo'i$% o$
othe& !o"o& de!isio$s bsed o$ *&e'ious"y se"e!ted
bui"di$% mte&i" !o"o&s+
IB>(+)(+AE+)( Se"e!t %%&e%teJ*'e& mte&i" #o& 'isib"e "o, &oo#<
%%&e%te is mo&e !ost e##e!ti'e i# ,i$d "od is $ot
$ issue+
IB>(+)(+AE+)6 P&o'ide #o& !!ess to "obby by "&%e& e=ui*me$t.
>)Ft W >)FT. #o& utomobi"e. "&%e boom ty*e "i#t to
!!ess &e"m*i$%+
HSCJSPIJPB
NSJLCCJHSCJ SPI
HFJELS
NSJELS
NSJELS
NSJELS
IC)?+(A+AE+)> Reso"'e mte&i" se"e!tio$ t the bui"di$% bse
5AC)E+>(+AE+)D9+
IC)A+)A+AE+)> Dete&mi$e i# mo!10u*5s9 o# e/te&io& ,"" ,i"" be
&e=ui&ed< to be price based B,C$2%02%GH%0$)%
ELSJLCC
NSJELS A!tio$
Lo%
>(+)(+AE
<% (echanical!9lectrical!Plumbin"!&ire Protection
ID)?+>7+AE+)> Fi"e **"i!tio$ $d *y #ees #o& tem*o&&y *o,e&
$d te"e*ho$e #ou& ,ee1s be#o&e $eeded+
ID)E+>(+AE+)7 Add !ousti!s '"ue st&em i$to *&o8e!t '"ue
st&em+
ID)E+(H+AE+)> Fi$"i:e !o$!essio$ desi%$ u*o$ se"e!tio$ o#
!o$!essio$i&e 'e$do&+
ID>)+(>+AE+)> B"o!1 di%&m e=ui*me$t "yout by Le'y
Restu&$ts
ID>(+)(+AE+)> Co$#i&m ssum*tio$s &e%&di$% "i%hti$% !o$t&o"s+
,utomated (!P systems can control other timed
systems. i%e% par)in" li"htin". etc% Jn"oin" wor)
issue B,<$$%0@%GH%07)%
NSJLCC
4HSAJLCC
NSJCIJELSJ CHPAJTEE
NSJLR $2%0H%GH
CHPAJTEE
IE)E+(H+AE+)> Seti$% !ou$t do,$ #&om HA)) to HD))+ My %o u*
to H77) *"us (7H #o& suites+ Aefer to memo of
0H%27%GH%
IE>)+)?+AE+)> E'"ute !o$ti$ui$% s!##o"di$% o& ,o&1i$% u* #&om
st&u!tu&" *"t#o&ms+ Method o# !o$st&u!tio$ issue
NSJELS
LCC
to be de!ided by LCC+
IE>(+)(+AE+)> Obti$ sm*"e o# I&,i$ met" *$ *e&#o&ted set
,ith !u&'ed "i*+ No di##e&e$ti" e$'e"o*e
5AE>)+)?+AE+>>9+
IE>(+)(+AE+)( I&,i$ Seti$% !&iti!" *th. >( mo$ths #&om desi%$ to
de"i'e&y+
IE>(+)(+AE+)6 D+F"$$e&y to "yout TK !me& *ositio$s i$ the
house+
IE>(+)(+AE+)D P&i!e Di'isio$ >H i$#&st&u!tu&e #o& 'ideo $d
!ommu$i!tio$+
LCC
NS
NS
LCC
IE>(+)(+AE+)7 P&o'ide 'ideo !ommu$i!tio$ e=ui*me$t *&i!e+ 4HSA
&% Pro6ect *upport
IF)?+)>+AE+)> De'e"o* *ost0*&e!o$st&u!tio$ !o$t&!t do!ume$ts #o&
&e'ie,+
IF)?+>7+AE+)( I$te%&te *&e!o$st&u!tio$ %&eeme$t ,ith GMP
!o$t&!t+
LCC
LCC
IF)?+>7+AE+)D De'e"o* site utili2ation!mobili2ation plan+ LCC
IF)?+(A+AE+)> De#i$e "o$% te&m &o"e o# #ood se&'i!e !o$su"t$t+ NS
IF)?+(A+AE+)( Re'ie,J&e'ise K"ue St&em i$ &e"tio$ to s!hedu"e
&e'isio$s. *&o8e!t !h$%es. et!+
LCC
IF)E+>(+AE+)> Reso"utio$ o# *&o8e!t i$su&$!e *&o%&m+ A""
IF)E+(H+AE+)> Issue sub!o$t&!to& *&e!o$stu!tio$ %&eeme$ts #o&
dis!ussio$. 5AF)?+)>+AE+)69+ C&o,$ Co&&
%&eeme$t issued+
IF)E+(H+AE+)( Ide$ti#y *ote$ti" $tio$" 'e$do& *&t$e&s+ E##o&t
!o$ti$ui$% 5AF)?+)>+AE+)H9+
IF)E+(H+AE+)6 P&obbi"ity o# !o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte 0 Sttus Re*o&t
5AF)?+>7+AE+)(9+
IF)E+(H+AE+)D E/*$d !u&&e$t summ&y *&o8e!t bud%et to deti"ed
estimte ,he$ 60D mode" hs bee$ !om*"eted+
5AF)?+(A+AE+)(JIF)A+)A+AE+)(9+
IF)A+)A+AE+)6 De#i$e *oi$t i$ the desi%$ *&o!ess ,he&e it m1es
se$se to sto* dditio$" ,o&1 u$ti" de#i$iti'e
!o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte is 1$o,$< $d. i$de*e$de$t o#
!o$st&u!tio$ st&t dte+
IF)A+)A+AE+)D De#i$e ho,. $d t ,ht *oi$t. !ost es!"tio$
be!omes !o$side&tio$+
IF>)+)?+AE+)> Co$ti$ui$% im*&o'eme$t i$ the *"$$i$% *&o!ess<
im*&o'i$% bi"ity to m1e =u"ity ssi%$me$ts $d
bi"ity to meet !ommitme$ts 5AF)A+(6+AE+)(9+
IF>)+(>+AE+)> Reso"'e desi%$ %&eeme$t "e%" issues $d !om*"ete
ELS desi%$ %&eeme$t+ 9ffort continuin"%
<ocuments may not be filed for permits until le"al
issues are resolved and desi"ners can be identified
in the drawin" title bloc) B,&07%0$%GH%0@)%
A""
LCCJELS
NS LCC
NSJELSJCHPAJTEEJLC
C
NSJLCC
A""
NSJELS >>+(E+AE
IF>)+(>+AE+)( Issue SPL A%&eeme$t "ette& 5AF)E+(H+AE+)E9+ NSJAAJLCC $2%$D%GH
IF>)+(>+AE+)6 Ide$ti#y items !&iti!" to '"ue st&em $d #o""o,
th&ou%h< be !"e& bout ,ht shou"d be o$ the '"ue
st&em+
IF>(+)(+AE+)> Co$!essio$ &!hite!t-L,&e$!e Be&1e"y Asso!ites+
P"$s $d &oom #i$ishes to be se$t to NS+ Cou$te&s
$d #!de to be ""o,$!es< LCC to !o$st&u!t she""+
ALL
NS
4D2 En/ o+ I((e(
APPENDIL E: NELT STAGE DECISION LOG
Ne/t St%e mi$ti$ed "o% o# desi%$ de!isio$s. $umbe&ed simi"&"y to !tio$ items
$d issues. but ,ith DA *&e#i/ #o& SiteJCi'i". DB #o& St&u!tu&". et!+
Dec)()on Lo0
As O# De!embe& )(. >AAE P&o8e!t P&o%&ess Meeti$% Re'ised- >(+>D+AE
<ate Jri"inated+Etem
Io%
Etem <escription <ecision
7y
<ecision
<ate
,% *ite!Civil
DA)?+>7+AE+)> Reti$ the se&'i!es o# TAS A!!essibi"ity
S*e!i"ist+
NS-RT )?+>7+AE
DA)?+>7+AE+)( The&e ,i"" be mu"ti*"e !o""e!tio$ *oi$ts #o&
sto&m $d s$it&y d&i$%e &ou$d the bui"di$%
5IA)?+)>+AE+)69+
CHPA-GP
HA-4R
)?+>7+AE
DA)?+(A+AE+)> S*e!i#y sme site $d *&1i$% "i%hti$% #i/tu&es
s Lo$e St& P&1. u$"ess $ot #esib"e o& too
!ost"y+
NS-RT )?+(A+AE
DA)?+(A+AE+)( B&&ie& F&ee Te/s se"e!ted s A!!essibi"ity
S*e!i"ist+
NS-RTJELS
-2S
)?+(A+AE
DA)?+(A+AE+)6 U$!e&ti$ timetb"e does $ot ""o, t1i$%
bo&&o, mte&i" #&om e/isti$% se,e& !o$t&!to&+
DA)E+>(+AE+)> Use e/isti$% "i%hti$% #o& Rod D. &e,i&ed #o&
$e,J8oi$t o*e&tio$ ,ith Lo$e St& P&1+
DA)E+>(+AE+)( G&di$% *e&mit **&o'" does $ot &e=ui&e
&!hite!tu&" do!ume$t submissio$+
DA)E+(H+AE+)> Rod,y $d bui"di$% &e"tio$shi*s &e $ot
##e!ted by the !ommiss&y+
DA)E+(H+AE+)( Commiss&y Sc,e$e A se"e!ted Breversal from
*cheme 7)%
DA)E+(H+AE+)6 Roo# d&i$ o'e&#"o, to be *i*ed i$to *&im&y
d&i$%e system+
DA)A+)A+AE+)> Comme$!e %eote!h$i!" e/*"o&tio$Jd&i""i$% o#
LSP bo&&o, mte&i"+
NS-RT )?+(A+AE
NS-RT )E+>(+AE
ELS-DF )E+>(+AE
HA-4R )E+(H+AE
NS-BC )E+(H+AE
CHPA-GP )E+(H+AE
NS-RT )A+)A+AE
DA>)+)?+AE+)> Uti"i:e 77 #oot "i%ht *o"es i$ *&1i$% &e+ TEE-CS >)+)?+AE
DA>>+)D+AE+)> I# GPISD mte&i" is 'i"b"e t the st&t o#
!o$st&u!tio$. the$ ,i"" m1e $ o##e& #o&
sub%&de mte&i" #o& utomobi"e *&1i$%+
NS-RT >>+)D+AE
7% *tructural
DB)?+>7+AE+)> C$ti"e'e& b"!o$y st&u!tu&e is $ot *&!ti!" $o&
#esib"e< cross aisles raised to ma)e cantilever
wor)%
DB)?+(A+AE+)> T*e&ed bems ,i"" be uti"i:ed to su**o&t the
b"!o$y+
4A-HF
2S-ELS
HF-4AJ
ELS-2S
)?+>7+AE
)E+(H+AE
)?+(A+AE
DB)E+>(+AE+)> The&e ,i"" be $o e"e!t&i!" *oi$t "ods i$ the
st&u!tu&e %&ete& th$ 7)) "bs 5AB)?+)>+AE+)E9+
DB)E+>(+AE+)( Desi%$ !&ite&i #o& bui"di$% e/te&io& ,i"" be
bsed u*o$ ,i$d tu$$e" test &esu"ts
5AB)?+)>+AE+>D9+
TEE-CS )E+>(+AE
HF-RT )E+>(+AE
DB)E+>(+AE+)6 Reso"'ed udie$!e &edu!tio$ $d bo/ bem
"ods $d "o!tio$+
ELS-2S J
AA-AS
)E+>(+AE
DB)E+>(+AE+)D P&o!eed ,ith st&u!tu&" desi%$ bsed u*o$
e/isti$% *e&imete& e$'e"o*e $d seti$%
*"t#o&m+
DB)E+>(+AE+)7 E/te$d #ou& ,ee1 stee" #b&i!tio$ s!hedu"e
#&om D ,ee1s to H ,ee1s 5IB)?+>7+AE+)6 J
AB)E+>(+AE+)>9+
NS-RT )E+>(+AE
HSC-42 )E+>(+AE
DB)E+>(+AE+)H Reso"'ed "o, &oo# im*!t o$ st&u!tu&" desi%$
by se"e!ti$% !o$!essio$ s!heme ;B;+ Aeversed to
*cheme ,%
NS-BC
NS-BC
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
DB)E+>(+AE+)? P&o8e!t ,i"" $ot st&t !o$st&u!tio$ )A+>7+AE<
$d. ,i"" $ot uti"i:e ,&ehouse stee"+
DB)E+>(+AE+)E A!!e*tb"e !o$st&u!tio$ to"e&$!e o$ seti$% is
>J(N *e& &ise&. *"t#o&m to *"t#o&m+
DB)A+)A+AE+)> I$iti" stee" mi"" o&de& must be mde > mo$th
*&io& to st&t o# !o$st&u!tio$+
DB)A+(6+AE+)> Com*"ete 6D mode" !he!1< ho"d0u* !o$$e!tio$
study. deti"i$%. $d. t&$s0missio$ o# 60D
mode" u$ti" &eso"utio$ o# *ote$ti" seti$% "yout
!h$%e+
DB>)+)?+AE+)> E"imi$te CMU ,""s t FOH me!h$i!"
&ooms due to &e'ised AHU "yout+
DB>(+)(+AE+)> Re'ise !o"um$ "o!tio$s t &e& o# st%e house
to !e$te& the doo&+
NS-RT )E+>(+AE
ELS-2S )E+>(+AE
HSC-42 )A+)A+AE
NS-RT )A+(6+AE
4HSA-RL >)+)?+AE
BC-NS >(+)(+AE
DC)?+)>+AE+)> Co$st&u!tio$Jsho* d&,i$%s $ot $e!ess&y to
*&o'ide GMP #o& e/te&io& ,"" e$!"osu&e+
DC)?+>7+AE+)> The&e is $ot #ood se&'i!e &e=ui&eme$t #o&
"ou'e&s 5IC)?+)>+AE+)79+
DC)?+>7+AE+)( The site hs N=uiet &eN desi%$tio$ &e"ti$%
to outside &e $oise+
DC)?+>7+AE+)6+ GMP #o& &oo# !$ be *&o'ided ,ithout h'i$%
the &oo# desi%$ !om*"eted+
CC-SC )?+)>+AE
CHPA-GP )?+>7+AE
4HSA-RL )?+>7+AE
PC-T3 )?+>7+AE
DC)E+>(+AE+)> F""s to be &ted R() U Roo# R6) I$su"tio$
5IC)?+>7+AE+)> J AC)E+>(+AE+)(9+
DC)E+(H+AE+)> R6) Roo# $d R() F"" ,i"" be the the&m"
t&$smissio$ &ti$%s used+
CHPA-GP
LCC-BP
)E+>(+AE
)E+(H+AE
DC)E+(H+AE+)( Roo# desi%$ by P!i#i! to #o""o, C&o,$ Co&&
d&,i$%s+
DC>)+)?+AE+)> C$ s*e!i#y !ustom met" *$e" !o"o&s bsed
u*o$ $omi$" *&i!e i$!&ese+
PC-T3 )E+(H+AE
NS-RT >)+)?+AE
<% (echanical!9lectrical!Plumbin"!&ire Protection
DD)?+>7+AE+)> TEE-CS to *&ti!i*te i$ e'"uti$% o$"i$e
*&o8e!t m$%eme$t **&o!h+
DD)?+(A+AE+)> FE-FM!D to *&ti!i*te i$ e'"uti$% o$"i$e
*&o8e!t m$%eme$t **&o!h+
TEE-CS )?+>7+AE
FE-FM!D )?+(A+AE
DD)E+>(+AE+)> The &!e,y "ods ,i"" $ot ##e!t st&u!tu&"
*oi$t "odi$% 5AD)?+)>+AE+>69+
DD)E+>(+AE+)( Lo!tio$ o# mi$ e"e!t&i!" &oom $d e"e!t&o$i!s
sto&%e ,i"" mi$ti$ e/isti$% &e"tio$shi*+
TEE-CS
HF-RT
TEE-CS
LCC-MI
)E+>(+AE
)E+>(+AE
DD)E+>(+AE+)6 The b!1 o# the house ,i"" be $o smo1i$%
&e+
DD)E+>(+AE+)D Uti"i:e ?7 2KA s dded e"e!t&i!" "od #&om
!ommiss&y+
NS-BC )E+>(+AE
TEE-CS )E+>(+AE
DD)E+(H+AE+)> P&o!eed ,ith !o$!essio$J!ommiss&y MEP desi%$ bsed o$
!u&&e$t )E+(H+AE !o$su"t$t !o$!e*tJi$te&im desi%$ !&ite&i+
)E+(H+AE
DD)E+(H+AE+)( HKAC desi%$ is to be *e& ASHRAE st$d&ds.
s sho,$ i$ !u&&e$t P&o8e!t System Des!&i*tio$+
CHPA-GP )E+(H+AE
DD)E+(H+AE+)6 P&o'ide i$di'idu" !"imte !o$t&o" i$ suites+ NS-BC )E+(H+AE
DD)A+)A+AE+)> Smo1i$% &e i$!"udes suites $d se"e!t
!o$!essio$ &es 5Rooms >(6.>(D9
NS-BC )A+)A+AE
DD)A+(6+AE+)> P&o!eed ,ith (>.))) !#m "obby smo1e e/hust
s o**osed to houseJ"obby &ted se*&tio$+
NS-BC.ELS
-2S
CHPA-GP
)A+(6+AE
DE)?+)>+AE+)> NC (7 !!e*ted s desi%$ !&ite&i+ 4HSA-C4 )?+)>+AE
DE)?+(A+AE+)> P&o'ide suite "e'e" *ub"i! toi"et &ooms< e"imi$te
toi"et &ooms i$ suites. but *&o'ide i$#&st&u!tu&e
MEP+
DE)?+(A+AE+)( P&o'ide e/*$ded !ommiss&y 1it!he$ $d
su**o&t &es+
NS-RT )?+(A+AE
NS-RT )?+(A+AE
DE)E+(H+AE+)> Sou$d $d "i%hti$% !o$t&o" house miF position
!$$ot be mo'ed i$to &e& is"e due to
h$di!**ed seti$% =uot+ This &oom &e=ui&es
the si:e sho,$ o$ s1et!h !u&&e$t s o# )E+(H+AE+
4HSA-DR
ELS-2S
)E+(H+AE
DE)E+(H+AE+)( Ho"d o$ #i$" !o$!essio$ desi%$ #o& !o$t&!ted
!o$!essio$i&e+
NS-RT )E+(H+AE
DE)A+(6+AE+)> Bo/ Booms ,i"" be &i%%ed+ NS-BC )A+(6+AE
DE>)+)?+AE+)> Ch$%e seti$% !o$#i%u&tio$ to !u&'ed #o&mt+ NS-RT >)+)?+AE
DE>)+)?+AE+)( P&o'ide *&os!e$ium de"u%e system ,ith o*=ue
!u&ti$+
NS-RT
ELS-2S
>)+)?+AE
DE>)+)?+AE+)6 The&e ,i"" $ot be #&o$t b"!o$y *&o8e!tio$
*ositio$+
DE>)+)?+AE+)D E"imi$te the &i%%i$% *it due to &e'ised
!ou$te&,ei%ht desi%$+
DE>)+(>+AE+)> Uti"i:e KideoJTKJB&od!st s!o*e *&e*&ed by
AAJ4HSA to de#i$e bui"di$% i$#&st&u!tu&e to be
*&o'ided+
NS-BC >)+)?+AE
AA-AS >)+)?+AE
NS-BC >)+(>+AE
DE>(+)(+AE+)> A**&o/imte"y A7@ o# s*e1e&s ,i"" be &i%%ed
o& st!1ed o$ st%e< "" "i%hti$% $d sou$d
su**o&t ,i"" be ,ithi$ H) Feet o# st%e+
NS-BC
AA-AS
>(+)(+AE
&% Pro6ect *upport
DF)?+)>+AE+)> It is $ot $e!ess&y to #o""o, F!to&y Mutu"
desi%$ !&ite&i+
DF)?+)>+AE+)( P&o8e!t *&o%&ess meeti$%s ,i"" uti"i:e NLst
P"$$e&N sty"e+
DF)?+>7+AE+)> Desi%$ *&o!ess to mi$ti$ (> mo$th '"ue
st&em *&odu!tio$ s!hedu"e+
DF)?+>7+AE+)( Mu"ti*"e submissio$s ,i"" be mde to the City to
stis#y the $eeds o# obti$i$% mu"ti*"e *e&mit
**&o'"s+
DF)A+(6+AE+)> 2ee* the desi%$ *&o!ess *&o%&essi$% to,&d $
>>+6)+AE !o$st&u!tio$ st&t< the o$"y &eso$ to
ho"d u* *&o%&ess o# the d&,i$%s is i# it is $ot
e##i!ie$t #o& the desi%$ to *&o!eed+
NS-RT )?+)>+AE
NS-RT )?+)>+AE
NS-RT )?+>7+AE
NS-RT )?+>7+AE
NS-LL )A+(6+AE
En/ o+ Dec)()on(

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