1

st
of all good luck everybody the harder you study the easier the exam
2
nd
thing and my word to you , I found that it is preferred to study and understand rather
than just memorize the answer

Thats why I started by myself and I made you this summary which I wish to become bigger
and bigger by days by your edits to make you study and understand the information itself
, not just memorize the answer which is somehow useless in the exam when you are
questioned in a different way than that you memorized .
Again good luck everybody and do not forget me from your duaa
Yours ,
Dr.Shrief Mohamed Mohamed


Tumors

1) Osteosarcoma : generally with malignant tumors the examiner will mention
parasthesia if it is affecting area containing a nerve like angle of mandible and
I.A.Nerve .
The criteria here is : A rapid growing , R.L. ill defined having sunray appearance
causing parasthesia .

2) S.C.C. : it is the most common malignant tumor of oral cavity mostly affecting
lateral surface of the tongue or the hard palate , usually associated with fixed and
firm lymph nodes . it's primary stage is an ulcer .
3) Codensing osteitis : associated with a large carious cavity which is asymptomatic
tooth , it is a R.o. area surrounded by R.l. margin
4) Cementoblastoma : Slow growing R.O. surrounded by R.L. margin but no caries
cavity is mentioned here or associated .
5) Complex odontoma : R.L. occupied by R.O. disorganized bodies ( in the premolar ,
molar area )
6) Compound odotomas : Mixed R.L. R.O. in anterior area
7) Melanotic neuro ectodermal tumor : new born , Bluish black , displaced tooth bud ,
unilocular R.L. rapidly growning
8) AOT : it occuers in anterior maxilla or mandible usually associated with an impacted
canine
9) Pleomorphic adenoma : most common benign tumor of salivary glands , ( 80%
parotid affection ) when the examiner asked me about it he mentioned first that the
female patient was earlier affected by a benign tumor in the neck , so the tumor in
her parotid gland is : so I said pleomorphic
Note : the most common malignant salivary gland tumor regarding major glands is :
mucoepidermoid .
and regarding minor glands is adenoidc cystic carcinoma : which is :
10) Adenoid cystic carcinoma : a slow growing with perineural invasion , under
microscope there is basophilic islands of swiss cheese appearance .
11) Cherbuism : Painless , bilateral swelling of mandible which is firm, multiple R.L. in
early childhood .
12) Sialolithiasis : or salivary gland duct stone or calculus : they will mention that there
is a discomfort in the floor of mout or the check which moves while eating
13) Hyperparathyrodism : Multiple fractures , multiple radiolucencies at the angle of
mandible , usually associated with Renal Failuer .
14) Acute osteomylitis : moth eaten appearance .
15) Chronic osteomylitis : cotton wool appearance or onion peal appearance.
16) Epstien's pearl : in new born affecting the mid palatine raphe only mostly in the
connection between the junction of soft and hard palate.
17) Bohn's nodule : remnant of Salivary glands Buccal or lingual mucosa and if occurring
at the hard palate it will not occur in the mid palatine raphe
18) Dental lamina of newborn : at alveolar ridge of new born , which is proliferation of
rest of serres .
19) Congenital epulis of newborn : mostly at maxillary anterior area , it interfere with
feeding or respiration and requires excision and rarely recurrent 8:1 in females.
..


Syndromes

1) Ectodermal dysplasia : looking old patient , with hair loss or faint hair and
having missing teeth .
2) Cledocranial dysplasia : clavicle is missing or underdeveloped leading to
shoulders can be bend toward each others . the patient looks smaller than
his relatives and shorter than his relatives , having supernumery teeth so
many impactions , open skull sutures and plugging forehead .
3) Gorlin-Goletz ( multiple basal cell nevi syndrome ) : a diabetic patient with
multiple jaw cysts & nevi on neck and scalp .
4) Albright : multiple nevi on neck and head , multiple bone deformities
5) Sjorgens' : Dry mouth , dry eye and high caries index. Usually associated with
Rh. Arthritis .
6) Paget's : the patient have high level of potassium sulphate so : he has
hypercementosis , ankylosis and scattered R.O lines and leg bowing with
prominent forhead.
7) Treacher Collins : deformity in zygoma , mandibular Retrognathia , Clift
palate and eye drop down , ear deformity with hearing loss & open bite (
but he is mentally normal )
8) Van der waund : Same as treacher Collins but associated with hypodontia or
total anodontia .
9) Papilon le fever : hand and foot keratosis , Periodontitis affecting both
dentitions , early teeth loss , generalized bone destruction .
10) Congenital syphilis : hearing loss , notched incisors . bulbous molars copper
stained lesions.
11) Gardener : multiple sebaceous glands at the back of the neck and palms ,
osteomas in mandible , supernumery teeth and impacted teeth.
12) Reiters ( or reiter arthritis or reactive arthritis ) : Tmj inflammation and
ophthalmic disease mostly conjunctivitis , Git and genital pain and
inflammation.
13) Downs : low carious index , fluoride application is by varnish , inability to
learn , some have cerebral palasy.
14) Addison disease : have oral melanosis
15) Osteogensis imperfect : Blue sclera , teeth wear and multiple fractures
16) Erythema multiform disease : the patient will have bulls eye on the skin and
oral ulcers

.


Periodontology and diagnosis

1) Healing occuers after sc. & Root planning by long junctional epithelium .
2) Best healing after root fracture is interposition of bone and C.T.
3) Complete epthlilization occuers after 7-14 days , but complete
maturation needs 6 months after periosurgery
( this came to me at the exam and I got full mark perio , fa plz ma7desh
yeftyyy iam sorry y3ni )
4) Membrane removal : if resorbable membrane then 9-12 Weeks
Non- resorbable : 3-6 W
5) PDL attachement is to : alv. Bone proper or called bundle bone
6) Submandibluar gland duct is Wharton duct . but parotid is stenssons
duct.
7) Autoclaving : 121 C
o
for 15-20 min or 134 C
o
For 3-5 minutes
8) Grafts : condyle : post chondral graft
Child for alveolar process : iliac crest
3 wall defects in adult : mixed cortical and cancellous from his own
intraoral mixed with his blood.
9) Autograft or autogenous : from same person . Allogenous from same
species but another person and treated , xenograft is from povine or
any other species.

10) Fluoridation dose required : 0.25 mg 6m- 3 y
0.5mg 3y-6y
1mg 6y till 12 years.
11) Fluorosis occuers at 3PPM , but lethal dosage of fluoride is at 5-10 g
which is 32-64mg/ kg
12) U.S. devices : magnut. : 25000-40000 RPM
but piezo speed is : 60000 80000 RPM
13) Bacteria method to form biofilm is called : signaling , and after plaque
accumulation the next step is to colonize , the next step is maturation .
14) 2 hours is the time needed after aggressive brushing for plaque to form
again
15) Maxillary sinus volume is 15 ml
16) Fibroplasts are the cells responsible for remodeling during
orthotreatment .
17) Mandible originates from 1
st
arch but tongue from mandibular arch and
tuberculum Kampar.
18) Condyler growth is by deposition endochondreal and skull is by
endochondreal and intermembranous deposition . maxilla growth
pattern is downward and forward , and deposition in the tuberosit
pushing forward also
19) Some tests: A- HIV : elissa test LOL :D . but for grading HIV : CD4 t-
helper cells
B- diaphteria : shick test C- Streptococus : Fermentation
D- staph cocus : catalase E- P.Vulgaris : Immuno fluorescence
20) Here is a 3 tables the first of diseases and bacteria causing it and the 2
nd

is for radiological examination and their usage the 3
rd
is for AB and thei
mode of action :

Disease Causative oraganism
Anug Fusibacteria and spirochetes
Pericronitis Strepto. Malleri or mallery
Endocarditis Staph. Aurues and strept viridians
Caires Strepto. Arueus and l.bacillus
Ch. Sinusitis Mixed anerobid and aerobic
Acute sinusitis Hemophilus influenza and strept.
pnuemonia
Osteomylitis Staph aures
In air water syringe Strept. Salivaris
Diabetic periodontium affected by Neutrophils
Chronic inflammation cells Lymphocytes
AB creation B-lymphocytes


Radiographic examination Use
Spect ( photon Emission) Condyler hyperplasia
Arhtrography TMj topography and perforation
Submentovertex Base of skull and zygoma analysis
Occipitomental For mid face fractures
Reverse town Condyler and subcondyler area fractures
Waters view analysis of sinuses & mid face fractures
Panoramic xray For whole teeth analysis
PA view Vertical fracture displacement
Later ceph. Orthodontics
Lateral oblique Horizontal displacement of fractures and
ramus, body of mandible tumors
analysis
MRI Soft tissue and hard tissue but show soft
tissue better , than CT and CT is better in
hard structures
CT Hard tissue study
Sialogram Salivary glands study


AB Mode of action
Penicillin ( b-lactam) : Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Erythromycin ( macrolids) Bacteriostatic ( inhibit bacterial growth)
Clindamycin and tetracycline Inhibit protein synthesis
Gentamycin ( aminoglycosides ) Bactericidal ( kill bacteria direct)
Sulfonamides Antimetabolites inhibit folic acid and
PABA , but it causes aplastic anema to
the patient


.

Surgery
1) Walsham's forceps : for nasal fracture treatment , and if nasal bone is deviated it
will be straightened by Ach's forceps afterward.
2) Allis forceps : to hold tissues perior to excision
Addison forceps : to hold tissues for suturing
Stillis forceps : per wisdom teeth suturing because it is longer than addison's
forceps.
Artery forceps : to ligate ruptured arteries or arteries planned to be removed.
3) Minnesota retractor : retract flap and cheek together.
4) Muscles of mandibular movement :
Muscles elevation of the mandible: Masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid
Muscles depression of the mandible: geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, lateral
pterygoid and infrahyoid
Muscles protrusion of the mandible: Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid assists,
masseter
Muscle retraction (retruded) of the mandible:Temporalis
Muscle do lateral movement of the mandible: Lateral pterygoid, medial
pterygoid

.
Opertive
1) Odontoplasia : affecting E, D , and pulp
2) Amelogensis imperfecta dun affect D or P
3) Dentinogenesis imperfecta mostly have no pulp cavity
4) Oligodontia : 6 or more missing teeth, lack of development of alv. Process
and decreased facial height.
5) Upper E DL cusp is the sharpest cusp in both dentitions ,and is the largest in
primary
6) Upper 6 ML cusp is the sharpest cusp in permenant dentition and is the
largest BL cusp.
7) Lower 6 MB cusp is the largest MD cusp.
8) Dentinal tubules : near pulp they are 2-5 micrometers and count is 45 to
60 thousands / square mellimeters
while away at the DEJ they are 0.2 to 0.5 micrometers diameter and count is
15 to 20 thousands / square mellimeters
9) 1
st
sign of calcification occuers 14 weeks Intra uterine while first formation
of tooth bud is 6 weeks intra uterine.
10) Copper is added to amalgam to decrease gamma 2 phase while zinc is added
to decrease oxide layer but if zinc increase it will lead to increase moisture
sensitivity and late expansion and pain
..

Crown and bridge

1) Sequence of shade selection is : VCH where v is value ( lightness or
darkness of color )
and C is chroma which is degree of saturation of color .
and H is the property of color itself .
2) If you want to make a darker cervical porcelain then choose higher
chroma
3) Rochette bridge : a type of macromechanical retention
4) Meryland bridge : a type of micromechanical retention bridge bonded
by resin , and need high oral hygiene and low caries index.
5) Impressions :
A) Polyvinyl siloxane ( addition silicone ) : the best type and of highest
accuracy and the type of choice for inlay and onlays , and can be
poured many times.
B) Polyether : the 2
nd
accuracy after polyvinyl siloxane , and it is rigid
and having higher dimensional stability than polysulphides but they
unfortunately uptake water and swell.
C) Polusulphides : of bad test unacceptable by the patient , they should
be poured within the first 24 hours.
D) Hydrocolloids are 2 types :
Reversible hydrocolloid = agar agar.
Irreversible hydrocolloid = alginate.
Reversible and Irreversible hydrocolloids ( agar agar and alginate )
are elastic impression materials and have the properties of syneresis
and imbibition.
But the difference between them:
Agar agar sets by a physical reaction and this reaction is reversible.
Alginate sets by a chemical reaction and this reaction is irreversible.
Syneresis and imbibition are more in alginate than in agar agar.
Only, agar agar has the property of hysteresis.
Alginate is the least accurate impression material.

Alginate have tri sodium phosphate which is retarded for the
reaction and the insoluble part of alginate is calcium alginate
6) Calcium sulphate is added to gypsum to prevent inhibiting gypsum.
....

Endo

1) E.Feacales is the main organism during R.C.T and is killed by MTAD preparation
which is mix of tetracycline and doxycycline .
2) File length : 21 . 25 , 31 mm.
3) Increase in taper is 0.02/ mm so along the 16 mm of active cutting part the increase
in diameter is 0.02 x 16 = 0.32 mm
4) An example is file 50 means at the tip the diameter is 0.5 mm
5) The different between file and another is 0.05 mm from file 10 to 60
and 0.1 between files 60- 140
6) S-files is used to remove GP but after using solvent first
7) Rotarty files used for crown down technique
8) Intracanal pressure is 10mm/hg and the intrapulpal arterioles diameter is 50
micrometers
9) External resorption is caused by necrotic pulp or forcable intrusion or extrusion in
ortho.
10) Internal resorption is caused by irreversible pulpitis .

.....

Orthodontics

1) Functional appliances : if he asked about functional appliances in the exam just
mention posterior bite block :D even if he said active functional :D and do not
worry you will get the mark :D no idea how . but lets explain some notes about
functional appliances :
Tooth borne appliances : a) bionator B) herbest ( pin and tube device )
Tissue borne appliances : Frankele is the only tissue borne functional appliance

2) Blue grass appliance : for tongue thrust and thumb sucking habits , they are used
as soon as the habit is noticed and they are left for 6 months at least.
3) Cap splint device : for clift palate .
4) 2x4 device : for anterior cross bite in mixed dentition
5) Minimal Space needed between primary and permenant dentition IS :
6 mm in mandible and 7 mm in maxilla .
6) Primate space: Primate space is the gap between the primary teeth of a child.
These are normal. They are the result of the jaws growing to accommodate the
larger adult teeth. yet, spacing is normal in children, but the term "PRIMATE
SPACE" is more specific : In the mandibular arch, the primate space is between
the canine and the 1st molar (or 1st premolar in adults).Whereas, in the
maxillary arch, it is between the lateral incisors and canine
7) leeway space: it is the space deference between the compined mesiodistal
width of the C,D & E teeth and that of their successors ( 3 ,4 and 5 )
which is 1.9 mm in maxilla and 3.4 mm in mandible.
8) freeway space: it is the space between occluding surfaces of maxillary and
mandibular teeth when mandible is at rest